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TAXES (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Provision for income taxes (benefits)
For the Years Ended December 31,
INCOME TAXES(1)
202120202019
(In millions)
Currently payable (receivable)-
Federal (2)
$$(14)$(16)
State21 21 24 
23 
Deferred, net-   
Federal(3)
174 171 150 
State(4)
127 (38)60 
301 133 210 
Investment tax credit amortization(4)(14)(5)
Total income taxes$320 $126 $213 
(1)Income Taxes on Income from Continuing Operations.
(2)Excludes $2 million of federal tax benefit and $6 million of federal tax expense associated with discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 respectively.
(3)Excludes $46 million, $66 million and $9 million of federal tax benefits associated with discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
(4)Excludes $1 million and $4 million of state tax expense associated with discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Reconciliation of federal income tax expense at the federal statutory rate to the total provision for income taxes The following tables provide a reconciliation of federal income tax expense (benefit) at the federal statutory rate to the total income taxes (benefits) for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019:
For the Years Ended December 31,
202120202019
(In millions)
Income from Continuing Operations, before income taxes$1,559 $1,129 $1,117 
Federal income tax expense at statutory rate (21%)$327 $237 $235 
Increases (reductions) in taxes resulting from-
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit122 75 96 
AFUDC equity and other flow-through(29)(38)(36)
Amortization of investment tax credits(4)(14)(5)
Federal tax credits claimed (34)— — 
Nondeductible DPA monetary penalty
52 — — 
Excess deferred tax amortization due to the Tax Act(54)(56)(74)
TMI-2 reversal of tax regulatory liabilities
— (40)— 
Uncertain tax positions(82)(1)(11)
Valuation allowances17 (49)
Other, net12 
Total income taxes$320 $126 $213 
Effective income tax rate20.5 %11.2 %19.1 %
Accumulated deferred income taxes
Accumulated deferred income taxes as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, are as follows:
As of December 31,
20212020
(In millions)
Property basis differences$5,670 $5,396 
Pension and OPEB(570)(769)
AROs(21)(28)
Regulatory asset/liability322 440 
Deferred compensation(155)(165)
Loss carryforwards and tax credits(2,040)(1,995)
Valuation reserve484 496 
All other(253)(280)
Net deferred income tax liability$3,437 $3,095 
Pre-tax net operating loss expiration period
Expiration PeriodStateLocal
(In millions)
2022-2026$2,603 $3,783 
2027-20311,390 — 
2032-2036992 — 
2037-2041959 — 
Indefinite2,157 — 
$8,101 $3,783 
Valuation allowance roll forward
The following table summarizes the changes in valuation allowances on federal, state and local DTAs related to disallowed interest and certain employee remuneration, in addition to state and local NOLs discussed above for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019:

(In millions)202120202019
Beginning of year balance$496 $441 $394 
Charged to income(12)55 47 
Charged to other accounts— — — 
Write-offs— — — 
End of year balance$484 $496 $441 
Changes in unrecognized tax benefits
The following table summarizes the changes in unrecognized tax positions for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019:
(In millions)
Balance, January 1, 2019$158 
Current year increases22 
Prior year decreases(12)
Decrease for lapse in statute(4)
Balance, December 31, 2019$164 
Current year increases
Prior year decreases(28)
Decrease for lapse in statute(2)
        Effectively settled with taxing authorities
(2)
Balance, December 31, 2020$139 
Current year increases15 
Prior years decreases(8)
Effectively settled with taxing authorities
(97)
        Decrease for lapse in statute
(2)
Balance, December 31, 2021$47 
Details of general taxes
General tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, recognized in continuing operations is summarized as follows:
For the Years Ended December 31,
202120202019
(In millions)
KWH excise$189 $183 $191 
State gross receipts190 182 185 
Real and personal property571 541 504 
Social security and unemployment103 112 100 
Other20 28 28 
Total general taxes$1,073 $1,046 $1,008