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Income Taxes
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
7. Income Taxes
We estimate our annual effective tax rate to be 23.1% for the full year 2024, which differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate due to state and foreign income taxes, federal taxation of international operations, and nondeductible executive compensation, partially offset by federal tax credits generated. Our actual effective tax rate of 9.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was primarily due to income tax expense from normal, recurring operations, partially offset by tax benefits recognized for share-based compensation for employees, net of disallowed executive compensation, and the Verily milestone payment.
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development has a framework to implement a global minimum corporate tax of 15% for companies with global revenues and profits above certain thresholds (referred to as Pillar 2), with certain aspects of Pillar 2 effective January 1, 2024 and other aspects effective January 1, 2025. While it is uncertain whether the United States will enact legislation to adopt Pillar 2, certain countries in which we operate have adopted legislation, and other countries in which we operate are in the process of introducing legislation to implement Pillar 2. We have assessed the impact of Pillar 2 on our financial statements and the impact is immaterial.
The California Franchise Tax Board (“FTB”) commenced an audit of our California income tax returns for the 2020 and 2021 years in January 2024. In May 2024, the California FTB completed the previously disclosed audit and issued a “Discontinuation of Audit with No Determination Letter”. As a result, there were no adjustments to our California research and development tax credit carryforwards.
In June 2024, the State of California enacted S.B. 167, which suspends the use of net operating losses (“NOLs”) for the tax period from January 1, 2024 to December 31, 2026 for net business income of $1 million or more, as well as limits the utilization of research and development tax credits to $5 million each year. The State of California also passed S.B. 175 to provide for a potential early sunset of NOLs in either 2025 or 2026 if necessary. We have analyzed the effect of both these laws on our financial statements. We are estimating $2.8 million utilization of our California research and development tax credits for tax year ending December 31, 2024, resulting in a corresponding valuation allowance release of the same amount.