The change in accumulated other comprehensive income by category is provided as follows.



	2016
(in millions)	Opening balance January 1			Net Change			Ending balance December 31
Net unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses):
Unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses) on net investments in foreign operations	$	1,281		$	(54	)	$	1,227
(Losses) gains on hedges of net investments in foreign operations	(476		)	4			(472		)
Income tax recovery	1			—			1
	806			(50		)	756
Available-for-sale investment: (Notes 9, 28 and 30)
Realized gain on available-for-sale investment	(2		)	2			—

Cash flow hedges: (Note 30)
Net change in fair value of cash flow hedges	3			5			8
Income tax expense	(1		)	(2		)	(3		)
	2			3			5
Unrealized employee future benefits (losses) gains: (Note 26)
Unamortized net actuarial (losses) gains	(20		)	1			(19		)
Unamortized past service costs	(1		)	(2		)	(3		)
Income tax recovery	6			—			6
	(15		)	(1		)	(16		)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	$	791		$	(46	)	$	745

	2015
(in millions)	Opening balance January 1			Net Change			Ending balance December 31
Net unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses):
Unrealized foreign currency translation gains on net investments in foreign operations	$	273		$	1,008		$	1,281
Losses on hedges of net investments in foreign operations	(131		)	(345		)	(476		)
Income tax recovery	2			(1		)	1
	144			662			806
Available-for-sale investment: (Notes 9, 28 and 30)
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale investment	—			(2		)	(2		)

Cash flow hedges: (Note 30)
Net change in fair value of cash flow hedges	1			2			3
Income tax expense	—			(1		)	(1		)
	1			1			2
Unrealized employee future benefits (losses) gains: (Note 26)
Unamortized net actuarial losses	(20		)	—			(20		)
Unamortized past service costs	(2		)	1			(1		)
Income tax recovery	6			—			6
	(16		)	1			(15		)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	$	129		$	662		$	791