The Corporation generally limits the use of derivatives to those that qualify as accounting, economic or cash flow hedges, or those that are approved for regulatory recovery.

Derivatives are recorded at fair value, with certain exceptions, including those derivatives that qualify for the normal purchase and normal sale exception. Fair values reflect estimates based on current market information about the derivatives as at the balance sheet dates. The estimates cannot be determined with precision as they involve uncertainties and matters of judgment and, therefore, may not be relevant in predicting the Corporation's future consolidated earnings or cash flow.

UNS Energy holds electricity power purchase contracts, customer supply contracts and gas swap contracts to reduce its exposure to energy price risk. Fair values are measured primarily under the market approach using independent third-party information, where possible. When published prices are not available, adjustments are applied based on historical price curve relationships, transmission costs and line losses.

Central Hudson holds swap contracts for electricity and natural gas to minimize price volatility by fixing the effective purchase price. Fair values are measured using forward pricing provided by independent third-party information.

FortisBC Energy holds gas supply contracts to fix the effective purchase price of natural gas. Fair values reflect the present value of future cash flows based on published market prices and forward natural gas curves.

Unrealized gains or losses associated with changes in the fair value of these energy contracts are deferred as a regulatory asset or liability for recovery from, or refund to, customers in future rates, as permitted by the regulators. As at December 31, 2024, unrealized losses of $175 million (2023 - $197 million) were recognized as regulatory assets and unrealized gains of $41 million (2023 - $37 million) were recognized as regulatory liabilities.

UNS Energy holds wholesale trading contracts to fix power prices and realize potential margin, of which 10% of any realized gains is shared with customers through rate stabilization accounts. Fair values are measured using a market approach incorporating, where possible, independent third-party information.

Aitken Creek, which was sold on November 1, 2023 (Note 21), held gas swap contracts to manage exposure to changes in natural gas prices, capture natural gas price spreads, and manage the financial risk posed by physical transactions. Fair values were measured using forward pricing from published market sources.

Gains or losses associated with changes in the fair value of these energy contracts are recognized in revenue. In 2024, gains of $48 million (2023 - losses of $28 million) were recognized in revenue.

The Corporation holds total return swaps to manage the cash flow risk associated with forecast future cash and/or share settlements of certain stock-based compensation obligations. The swaps have a combined notional amount of $134 million and terms up to three years expiring at varying dates through January 2027. Fair value is measured using an income valuation approach based on forward pricing curves. Unrealized gains and losses associated with changes in fair value are recognized in other income, net. In 2024, unrealized gains of $12 million (2023 - $nil) were recognized in other income, net.

The Corporation holds U.S. dollar-denominated foreign exchange contracts to help mitigate exposure to foreign exchange rate volatility. The contracts expire at varying dates through September 2026 and have a combined notional amount of $608 million. Fair value was measured using independent third-party information. Unrealized gains and losses associated with changes in fair value are recognized in other income, net. In 2024, unrealized losses of $17 million (2023 - unrealized gains of $10 million) were recognized in other income, net.

During 2024, ITC entered into and settled interest rate locks with a combined notional value of US$300 million. These contracts were used to manage interest rate risk associated with the issuance of US$400 million unsecured senior notes in May 2024. Realized losses of US$3 million were recognized in other comprehensive income, which will be reclassified to earnings as a component of interest expense over five years.

ITC also entered into 5-year interest rate swap contracts in 2024 with a combined notional value of US$135 million. The swaps will be used to manage interest rate risk associated with forecasted debt issuances. Fair value was measured using a discounted cash flow method based on secured overnight financing rates ("SOFR"). Unrealized gains and losses associated with the changes in fair value are recognized in other comprehensive income, and will be reclassified to earnings as a component of interest expense over the life of the debt. Unrealized gains of US$4 million were recorded in 2024.

In 2025, ITC entered into 5-year interest rate swap contracts with a notional value of US$95 million to manage interest rate risk associated with forecasted debt issuances, increasing the total notional amount of interest rate swaps outstanding to US$230 million.

During 2024, the Corporation entered into and settled interest rate locks with a combined notional value of $250 million. These contract were used to manage interest rate risk associated with the issuance of $500 million unsecured senior notes in September 2024. Realized losses of $2 million were recognized in other comprehensive income, which will be reclassified to earnings as a component of interest expense over seven years.

The Corporation holds cross-currency interest rate swaps, maturing in 2029, to effectively convert its $500 million, 4.43% unsecured senior notes to US$391 million, 4.34% debt. The Corporation has designated this notional U.S. debt as an effective hedge of its foreign net investments and unrealized gains and losses associated with exchange rate fluctuations on the notional U.S. debt are recognized in other comprehensive income, consistent with the translation adjustment related to the foreign net investments. Other changes in the fair value of the swaps are also recognized in other comprehensive income but are excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. Fair value is measured using a discounted cash flow method based on SOFR. In 2024, unrealized losses of $29 million (2023 - unrealized gains of $15 million) were recorded in other comprehensive income.


($ millions)	Level 1 (1)	Level 2 (1)	Level 3 (1)	Total
As at December 31, 2024
Assets
Energy contracts subject to regulatory deferral (2) (3)	—	63	—	63
Energy contracts not subject to regulatory deferral (2)	—	7	—	7
Total return swaps and interest rate contracts (2)	—	16	—	16
Other investments (4)	150	—	—	150
	150	86	—	236

Liabilities
Energy contracts subject to regulatory deferral (3) (5)	—	(197)	—	(197)
Energy contracts not subject to regulatory deferral (5)	—	(2)	—	(2)
Foreign exchange contracts and cross-currency interest rate swaps (5)	—	(45)	—	(45)
	—	(244)	—	(244)


As at December 31, 2023
Assets
Energy contracts subject to regulatory deferral (2) (3)	—	49	—	49
Energy contracts not subject to regulatory deferral (2)	—	6	—	6
Foreign exchange contracts (2)	—	5	—	5
Other investments (4)	145	—	—	145
	145	60	—	205

Liabilities
Energy contracts subject to regulatory deferral (3) (5)	—	(209)	—	(209)
Energy contracts not subject to regulatory deferral (5)	—	(3)	—	(3)
Total return and cross-currency interest rate swaps (5)	—	(6)	—	(6)
	—	(218)	—	(218)

(1)Under the hierarchy, fair value is determined using: (i) Level 1- unadjusted quoted prices in active markets; (ii) Level 2 - other pricing inputs directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace; and (iii) Level 3 - unobservable inputs, used when observable inputs are not available. Classifications reflect the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

(3)Unrealized gains and losses arising from changes in fair value of these contracts are deferred as a regulatory asset or liability for recovery from, or refund to, customers in future rates as permitted by the regulators, with the exception of long-term wholesale trading contracts and certain gas swap contracts.

(4)UNS Energy holds investments in money market accounts, and ITC and Central Hudson hold investments in trust associated with supplemental retirement benefit plans for select employees, which include mutual funds and money market accounts. The fair value of these investments is included in cash and cash equivalents and other assets, with gains and losses recognized in other income, net

The Corporation has elected gross presentation for its derivative contracts under master netting agreements and collateral positions, which apply only to its energy contracts. The following table presents the potential offset of counterparty netting.


($ millions)	Gross Amount Recognized In Balance Sheet	Counterparty Netting of Energy Contracts	Cash Collateral Posted/(Received)	Net Amount
As at December 31, 2024
Derivative assets	70	(30)	15	55
Derivative liabilities	(199)	30	—	(169)

As at December 31, 2024, the Corporation had various energy contracts that will settle on various dates through 2029. The volumes related to electricity and natural gas derivatives are outlined below.


	2024	2023
Energy contracts subject to regulatory deferral (1)
Electricity swap contracts (GWh)	774	628
Electricity power purchase contracts (GWh)	430	588
Gas swap contracts (PJ)	236	228
Gas supply contracts (PJ)	105	134
Energy contracts not subject to regulatory deferral (1)
Wholesale trading contracts (GWh)	1,499	1,310
Gas swap contracts (PJ)	3	3

For cash equivalents, accounts receivable and other current assets, and long-term other receivables, credit risk is generally limited to the carrying value on the consolidated balance sheets. The Corporation's subsidiaries generally have a large and diversified customer base, which minimizes the concentration of credit risk. Policies in place to minimize credit risk include requiring customer deposits, prepayments and/or credit checks for certain customers, performing disconnections and/or using third-party collection agencies for overdue accounts.

ITC has a concentration of credit risk as approximately 70% of its revenue is derived from three customers. These customers have investment-grade credit ratings and credit risk is further managed by MISO by requiring a letter of credit or cash deposit equal to the credit exposure, which is determined by a credit-scoring model and other factors.

FortisAlberta has a concentration of credit risk as its distribution service billings are to a relatively small group of retailers. Credit risk is managed by obtaining from the retailers either a cash deposit, letter of credit, an investment-grade credit rating, or a financial guarantee from an entity with an investment-grade credit rating.

Central Hudson has seen an increase in accounts receivable since the suspension of collection efforts initially required in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Central Hudson continues to contact customers regarding past-due balances and collection efforts continue to expand. Under its regulatory framework, Central Hudson can defer uncollectible write-offs above the amounts collected in customer rates for future recovery.

UNS Energy, Central Hudson, FortisBC Energy, and Fortis may be exposed to credit risk from non‑performance by counterparties to derivative contracts. Credit risk is managed by net settling payments, when possible, and dealing only with counterparties that have investment-grade credit ratings. At UNS Energy, Central Hudson and FortisBC Energy, certain contractual arrangements require counterparties to post collateral.

The value of derivatives in net liability positions under contracts with credit risk-related contingent features that, if triggered, could require the posting of a like amount of collateral was $117 million as at December 31, 2024 (2023 - $117 million).

The reporting currency of ITC, UNS Energy, Central Hudson, Caribbean Utilities, FortisTCI, Fortis Belize Limited and Belize Electricity is, or is pegged to, the U.S. dollar. The earnings and cash flow from, and net investments in, these entities are exposed to fluctuations in the U.S. dollar-to-Canadian dollar exchange rate. The Corporation has reduced this exposure through hedging.

As at December 31, 2024, US$2.2 billion (2023 - US$2.6 billion) of corporately issued U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt has been designated as an effective hedge of net investments, leaving approximately US$12.6 billion (2023 - US$11.5 billion) unhedged. Exchange rate fluctuations associated with the hedged net investment in foreign subsidiaries and the debt serving as the hedge are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income.

Excluding long-term debt, the consolidated carrying value of the Corporation's remaining financial instruments approximates fair value, reflecting their short-term maturity, normal trade credit terms and/or nature.