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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2021

OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 1-12252 (Equity Residential)

Commission File Number: 0-24920 (ERP Operating Limited Partnership)

EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland (Equity Residential) |  | 13-3675988 (Equity Residential)
Illinois (ERP Operating Limited Partnership) |  | 36-3894853 (ERP Operating Limited Partnership)
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
Two North Riverside Plaza, Chicago, Illinois 60606 |  | (312) 474-1300
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) |  | (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares of Beneficial Interest, $0.01 Par Value (Equity Residential) |  | EQR |  | New York Stock Exchange
7.57% Notes due August 15, 2026 (ERP Operating Limited Partnership) |  | N/A |  | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Equity Residential Yes ☒ No ☐ | ERP Operating Limited Partnership Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Equity Residential Yes ☒ No ☐ | ERP Operating Limited Partnership Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Equity Residential:

Large accelerated filer |  | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☐
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
Emerging growth company |  | ☐ |  |  |  |

l

ERP Operating Limited Partnership:

Large accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☐
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☒ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
Emerging growth company |  | ☐ |  |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Equity Residential ☐ | ERP Operating Limited Partnership ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Equity Residential Yes ☐ No ☒ | ERP Operating Limited Partnership Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of EQR Common Shares of Beneficial Interest, $0.01 par value, outstanding on April 26, 2021 was 374,005,379.

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EXPLANATORY NOTE

This report combines the reports on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2021 of Equity Residential and ERP Operating Limited Partnership. Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to “EQR” mean Equity Residential, a Maryland real estate investment trust (“REIT”), and references to “ERPOP” mean ERP Operating Limited Partnership, an Illinois limited partnership. References to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” mean collectively EQR, ERPOP and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by EQR and/or ERPOP. References to the “Operating Partnership” mean collectively ERPOP and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by ERPOP. The following chart illustrates the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s corporate structure:

EQR is the general partner of, and as of March 31, 2021 owned an approximate 96.4% ownership interest in, ERPOP. The remaining 3.6% interest is owned by limited partners. As the sole general partner of ERPOP, EQR has exclusive control of ERPOP’s day-to-day management. Management operates the Company and the Operating Partnership as one business. The management of EQR consists of the same members as the management of ERPOP.

The Company is structured as an umbrella partnership REIT (“UPREIT”) and EQR contributes all net proceeds from its various equity offerings to ERPOP. In return for those contributions, EQR receives a number of OP Units (see definition below) in ERPOP equal to the number of Common Shares it has issued in the equity offering. The Company may acquire properties in transactions that include the issuance of OP Units as consideration for the acquired properties. Such transactions may, in certain circumstances, enable the sellers to defer in whole or in part, the recognition of taxable income or gain that might otherwise result from the sales. This is one of the reasons why the Company is structured in the manner shown above. Based on the terms of ERPOP’s partnership agreement, OP Units can be exchanged with Common Shares on a one-for-one basis because the Company maintains a one-for-one relationship between the OP Units of ERPOP issued to EQR and the outstanding Common Shares.

The Company believes that combining the reports on Form 10-Q of EQR and ERPOP into this single report provides the following benefits:

| • | enhances investors’ understanding of the Company and the Operating Partnership by enabling investors to view the business as a whole in the same manner as management views and operates the business;

| • | eliminates duplicative disclosure and provides a more streamlined and readable presentation since a substantial portion of the disclosure applies to both the Company and the Operating Partnership; and

| • | creates time and cost efficiencies through the preparation of one combined report instead of two separate reports.

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The Company believes it is important to understand the few differences between EQR and ERPOP in the context of how EQR and ERPOP operate as a consolidated company. All of the Company’s property ownership, development and related business operations are conducted through the Operating Partnership and EQR has no material assets or liabilities other than its investment in ERPOP. EQR’s primary function is acting as the general partner of ERPOP. EQR also issues equity from time to time, the net proceeds of which it is obligated to contribute to ERPOP. EQR does not have any indebtedness as all debt is incurred by the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership holds substantially all of the assets of the Company, including the Company’s ownership interests in its joint ventures. The Operating Partnership conducts the operations of the business and is structured as a partnership with no publicly traded equity. Except for the net proceeds from equity offerings by EQR (which are contributed to the capital of ERPOP in exchange for additional partnership interests in ERPOP (“OP Units”) (on a one-for-one Common Share per OP Unit basis) or additional preference units in ERPOP (on a one-for-one preferred share per preference unit basis)), the Operating Partnership generates all remaining capital required by the Company’s business. These sources include the Operating Partnership’s working capital, net cash provided by operating activities, borrowings under its revolving credit facility and/or commercial paper program, the issuance of secured and unsecured debt and partnership interests, and proceeds received from disposition of certain properties and joint venture interests.

Shareholders’ equity, partners’ capital and noncontrolling interests are the main areas of difference between the consolidated financial statements of the Company and those of the Operating Partnership. The limited partners of the Operating Partnership are accounted for as partners’ capital in the Operating Partnership’s financial statements and as noncontrolling interests in the Company’s financial statements. The noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership’s financial statements include the interests of unaffiliated partners in various consolidated partnerships. The noncontrolling interests in the Company’s financial statements include the same noncontrolling interests at the Operating Partnership level and limited partner OP Unit holders of the Operating Partnership. The differences between shareholders’ equity and partners’ capital result from differences in the equity issued at the Company and Operating Partnership levels.

To help investors understand the differences between the Company and the Operating Partnership, this report provides separate consolidated financial statements for the Company and the Operating Partnership; a single set of consolidated notes to such financial statements that includes separate discussions of each entity’s debt, noncontrolling interests and shareholders’ equity or partners’ capital, as applicable; and a combined Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section that includes discrete information related to each entity.

This report also includes separate Part I, Item 4, Controls and Procedures, sections and separate Exhibits 31 and 32 certifications for each of the Company and the Operating Partnership in order to establish that the requisite certifications have been made and that the Company and the Operating Partnership are compliant with Rule 13a-15 or Rule 15d-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and 18 U.S.C. §1350.

In order to highlight the differences between the Company and the Operating Partnership, the separate sections in this report for the Company and the Operating Partnership specifically refer to the Company and the Operating Partnership. In the sections that combine disclosure of the Company and the Operating Partnership, this report refers to actions or holdings as being actions or holdings of the Company. Although the Operating Partnership is generally the entity that directly or indirectly enters into contracts and joint ventures and holds assets and debt, reference to the Company is appropriate because the Company is one business and the Company operates that business through the Operating Partnership.

As general partner with control of ERPOP, EQR consolidates ERPOP for financial reporting purposes, and EQR essentially has no assets or liabilities other than its investment in ERPOP. Therefore, the assets and liabilities of the Company and the Operating Partnership are the same on their respective financial statements. The separate discussions of the Company and the Operating Partnership in this report should be read in conjunction with each other to understand the results of the Company on a consolidated basis and how management operates the Company.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

| PAGE
PART I. |
Item 1. Financial Statements of Equity Residential: |
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 | 2
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 | 3
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 | 5
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 | 8
Financial Statements of ERP Operating Limited Partnership: |
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 | 10
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 | 11
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 | 13
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Capital for the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 | 16
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of Equity Residential and ERP Operating Limited Partnership | 18
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 34
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 51
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 51
PART II. |
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | 52
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 52
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 52
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 52
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures | 52
Item 5. Other Information | 52
Item 6. Exhibits | 52

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EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Amounts in thousands except for share amounts)

(Unaudited)

|  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Land |  | $ | 5,785,367 |  |  | $ | 5,785,367 |
Depreciable property |  |  | 20,952,067 |  |  |  | 20,920,654 |
Projects under development |  |  | 476,010 |  |  |  | 411,134 |
Land held for development |  |  | 88,360 |  |  |  | 86,170 |
Investment in real estate |  |  | 27,301,804 |  |  |  | 27,203,325 |
Accumulated depreciation |  |  | (8,059,619 | ) |  |  | (7,859,657 | )
Investment in real estate, net |  |  | 19,242,185 |  |  |  | 19,343,668 |
Investments in unconsolidated entities |  |  | 53,274 |  |  |  | 52,782 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 35,453 |  |  |  | 42,591 |
Restricted deposits |  |  | 62,383 |  |  |  | 57,137 |
Right-of-use assets |  |  | 484,999 |  |  |  | 499,287 |
Other assets |  |  | 290,721 |  |  |  | 291,426 |
Total assets |  | $ | 20,169,015 |  |  | $ | 20,286,891 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage notes payable, net |  | $ | 2,270,700 |  |  | $ | 2,293,890 |
Notes, net |  |  | 5,337,103 |  |  |  | 5,335,536 |
Line of credit and commercial paper |  |  | 429,753 |  |  |  | 414,830 |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  |  | 168,028 |  |  |  | 107,366 |
Accrued interest payable |  |  | 55,489 |  |  |  | 65,896 |
Lease liabilities |  |  | 316,838 |  |  |  | 329,130 |
Other liabilities |  |  | 335,664 |  |  |  | 345,064 |
Security deposits |  |  | 60,939 |  |  |  | 60,480 |
Distributions payable |  |  | 232,737 |  |  |  | 232,262 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 9,207,251 |  |  |  | 9,184,454 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership |  |  | 409,523 |  |  |  | 338,951 |
Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders' equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred Shares of beneficial interest, $0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 745,600 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 |  |  | 37,280 |  |  |  | 37,280 |
Common Shares of beneficial interest, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 372,917,413 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2021 and 372,302,000 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020 |  |  | 3,729 |  |  |  | 3,723 |
Paid in capital |  |  | 9,083,346 |  |  |  | 9,128,599 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 1,231,808 |  |  |  | 1,399,715 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | (41,363 | ) |  |  | (43,666 | )
Total shareholders’ equity |  |  | 10,314,800 |  |  |  | 10,525,651 |
Noncontrolling Interests: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Partnership |  |  | 234,969 |  |  |  | 233,162 |
Partially Owned Properties |  |  | 2,472 |  |  |  | 4,673 |
Total Noncontrolling Interests |  |  | 237,441 |  |  |  | 237,835 |
Total equity |  |  | 10,552,241 |  |  |  | 10,763,486 |
Total liabilities and equity |  | $ | 20,169,015 |  |  | $ | 20,286,891 |

See accompanying notes

2

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EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Amounts in thousands except per share data)

(Unaudited)

|  | Quarter Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
REVENUES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rental income |  | $ | 597,602 |  |  | $ | 682,305 |
EXPENSES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property and maintenance |  |  | 117,054 |  |  |  | 115,816 |
Real estate taxes and insurance |  |  | 103,470 |  |  |  | 97,732 |
Property management |  |  | 26,130 |  |  |  | 27,709 |
General and administrative |  |  | 15,383 |  |  |  | 14,518 |
Depreciation |  |  | 199,962 |  |  |  | 212,422 |
Total expenses |  |  | 461,999 |  |  |  | 468,197 |
Net gain (loss) on sales of real estate properties |  |  | (43 | ) |  |  | 207,977 |
Operating income |  |  | 135,560 |  |  |  | 422,085 |
Interest and other income |  |  | 216 |  |  |  | 1,960 |
Other expenses |  |  | (4,110 | ) |  |  | (2,533 | )
Interest: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Expense incurred, net |  |  | (67,358 | ) |  |  | (85,590 | )
Amortization of deferred financing costs |  |  | (2,185 | ) |  |  | (2,041 | )
Income before income and other taxes, income (loss) from investments in unconsolidated entities and net gain (loss) on sales of land parcels |  |  | 62,123 |  |  |  | 333,881 |
Income and other tax (expense) benefit |  |  | (153 | ) |  |  | (53 | )
Income (loss) from investments in unconsolidated entities |  |  | (1,611 | ) |  |  | (1,157 | )
Net gain (loss) on sales of land parcels |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | — |
Net income |  |  | 60,364 |  |  |  | 332,671 |
Net (income) loss attributable to Noncontrolling Interests: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Partnership |  |  | (2,143 | ) |  |  | (11,535 | )
Partially Owned Properties |  |  | (682 | ) |  |  | (12,530 | )
Net income attributable to controlling interests |  |  | 57,539 |  |  |  | 308,606 |
Preferred distributions |  |  | (773 | ) |  |  | (773 | )
Net income available to Common Shares |  | $ | 56,766 |  |  | $ | 307,833 |
Earnings per share – basic: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income available to Common Shares |  | $ | 0.15 |  |  | $ | 0.83 |
Weighted average Common Shares outstanding |  |  | 372,280 |  |  |  | 371,582 |
Earnings per share – diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income available to Common Shares |  | $ | 0.15 |  |  | $ | 0.83 |
Weighted average Common Shares outstanding |  |  | 386,916 |  |  |  | 386,949 |

See accompanying notes

3

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EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Continued)

(Amounts in thousands except per share data)

(Unaudited)

|  | Quarter Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 60,364 |  |  | $ | 332,671 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss) – derivative instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period |  |  | — |  |  |  | (967 | )
Losses reclassified into earnings from other comprehensive income |  |  | 2,303 |  |  |  | 5,634 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 2,303 |  |  |  | 4,667 |
Comprehensive income |  |  | 62,667 |  |  |  | 337,338 |
Comprehensive (income) attributable to Noncontrolling Interests |  |  | (2,909 | ) |  |  | (24,234 | )
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interests |  | $ | 59,758 |  |  | $ | 313,104 |

See accompanying notes

4

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EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)

|  | Quarter Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 60,364 |  |  | $ | 332,671 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation |  |  | 199,962 |  |  |  | 212,422 |
Amortization of deferred financing costs |  |  | 2,185 |  |  |  | 2,041 |
Amortization of above/below market lease intangibles |  |  | (18 | ) |  |  | (18 | )
Amortization of discounts and premiums on debt |  |  | 1,294 |  |  |  | 1,276 |
Amortization of deferred settlements on derivative instruments |  |  | 2,301 |  |  |  | 5,631 |
Amortization of right-of-use assets |  |  | 2,980 |  |  |  | 3,007 |
Write-off of pursuit costs |  |  | 1,331 |  |  |  | 1,627 |
(Income) loss from investments in unconsolidated entities |  |  | 1,611 |  |  |  | 1,157 |
Distributions from unconsolidated entities – return on capital |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100 |
Net (gain) loss on sales of real estate properties |  |  | 43 |  |  |  | (207,977 | )
Net (gain) loss on sales of land parcels |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  | — |
Realized/unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments |  |  | — |  |  |  | 25 |
Compensation paid with Company Common Shares |  |  | 8,678 |  |  |  | 7,844 |
Other operating activities, net |  |  | 133 |  |  |  | 1,805 |
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Increase) decrease in other assets |  |  | 20,746 |  |  |  | (18,386 | )
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued expenses |  |  | 59,116 |  |  |  | 62,573 |
Increase (decrease) in accrued interest payable |  |  | (10,407 | ) |  |  | (927 | )
Increase (decrease) in lease liabilities |  |  | (868 | ) |  |  | (621 | )
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities |  |  | (3,852 | ) |  |  | (20,811 | )
Increase (decrease) in security deposits |  |  | 459 |  |  |  | (988 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 346,053 |  |  |  | 382,451 |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment in real estate – development/other |  |  | (64,599 | ) |  |  | (52,204 | )
Capital expenditures to real estate |  |  | (28,679 | ) |  |  | (38,342 | )
Non-real estate capital additions |  |  | (589 | ) |  |  | (4,516 | )
Interest capitalized for real estate under development |  |  | (3,769 | ) |  |  | (1,834 | )
Proceeds from disposition of real estate, net |  |  | — |  |  |  | 368,364 |
Investments in unconsolidated entities |  |  | (2,378 | ) |  |  | (5,458 | )
Distributions from unconsolidated entities – return of capital |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | — |
Other investing activities, net |  |  | (26,335 | ) |  |  | (1 | )
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities |  |  | (126,345 | ) |  |  | 266,009 |

See accompanying notes

5

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EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)

(Amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)

|  | Quarter Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt financing costs |  | $ | (318 | ) |  | $ | (181 | )
Mortgage notes payable, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds |  |  | 37,492 |  |  |  | 78 |
Lump sum payoffs |  |  | (59,880 | ) |  |  | — |
Scheduled principal repayments |  |  | (1,871 | ) |  |  | (1,941 | )
Line of credit and commercial paper: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Line of credit proceeds |  |  | — |  |  |  | 720,000 |
Line of credit repayments |  |  | — |  |  |  | (740,000 | )
Commercial paper proceeds |  |  | 1,184,923 |  |  |  | 1,905,818 |
Commercial paper repayments |  |  | (1,170,000 | ) |  |  | (2,291,000 | )
Proceeds from (payments on) settlement of derivative instruments |  |  | — |  |  |  | (25 | )
Finance ground lease principal payments |  |  | (116 | ) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from Employee Share Purchase Plan (ESPP) |  |  | 1,731 |  |  |  | 869 |
Proceeds from exercise of options |  |  | 22,882 |  |  |  | 11,151 |
Contributions – Noncontrolling Interests – Partially Owned Properties |  |  | — |  |  |  | 341 |
Contributions – Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12 |
Distributions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common Shares |  |  | (224,308 | ) |  |  | (211,239 | )
Preferred Shares |  |  | (773 | ) |  |  | (773 | )
Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership |  |  | (8,479 | ) |  |  | (8,484 | )
Noncontrolling Interests – Partially Owned Properties |  |  | (2,883 | ) |  |  | (9,315 | )
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities |  |  | (221,600 | ) |  |  | (624,689 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted deposits |  |  | (1,892 | ) |  |  | 23,771 |
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted deposits, beginning of period |  |  | 99,728 |  |  |  | 116,999 |
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted deposits, end of period |  | $ | 97,836 |  |  | $ | 140,770 |
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted deposits, end of period |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 35,453 |  |  | $ | 82,335 |
Restricted deposits |  |  | 62,383 |  |  |  | 58,435 |
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted deposits, end of period |  | $ | 97,836 |  |  | $ | 140,770 |

See accompanying notes

6

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EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)

(Amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)

|  | Quarter Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized |  | $ | 74,058 |  |  | $ | 75,561 |
Net cash paid (received) for income and other taxes |  | $ | 752 |  |  | $ | 266 |
Amortization of deferred financing costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment in real estate, net |  | $ | (60 | ) |  | $ | (60 | )
Other assets |  | $ | 585 |  |  | $ | 584 |
Mortgage notes payable, net |  | $ | 703 |  |  | $ | 403 |
Notes, net |  | $ | 957 |  |  | $ | 1,114 |
Amortization of discounts and premiums on debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage notes payable, net |  | $ | 684 |  |  | $ | 595 |
Notes, net |  | $ | 610 |  |  | $ | 681 |
Amortization of deferred settlements on derivative instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | (3 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive income |  | $ | 2,303 |  |  | $ | 5,634 |
Write-off of pursuit costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment in real estate, net |  | $ | 1,209 |  |  | $ | 1,586 |
Other assets |  | $ | 114 |  |  | $ | 33 |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 8 |
(Income) loss from investments in unconsolidated entities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments in unconsolidated entities |  | $ | 1,282 |  |  | $ | 830 |
Other liabilities |  | $ | 329 |  |  | $ | 327 |
Realized/unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 992 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (967 | )
Investments in unconsolidated entities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments in unconsolidated entities |  | $ | (1,778 | ) |  | $ | (4,558 | )
Other liabilities |  | $ | (600 | ) |  | $ | (900 | )
Debt financing costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (181 | )
Mortgage notes payable, net |  | $ | (318 | ) |  | $ | — |
Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities initial measurement and reclassifications: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Right-of-use assets |  | $ | 11,308 |  |  | $ | — |
Lease liabilities |  | $ | (11,308 | ) |  | $ | — |

See accompanying notes

7

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EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

(Amounts in thousands except per share data)

(Unaudited)

|  | Quarter Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PREFERRED SHARES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 37,280 |  |  | $ | 37,280 |
Balance, end of period |  | $ | 37,280 |  |  | $ | 37,280 |
COMMON SHARES, $0.01 PAR VALUE |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 3,723 |  |  | $ | 3,717 |
Exercise of share options |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 2 |
Share-based employee compensation expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted shares |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 2 |
Balance, end of period |  | $ | 3,729 |  |  | $ | 3,721 |
PAID IN CAPITAL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 9,128,599 |  |  | $ | 8,965,577 |
Common Share Issuance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Conversion of OP Units into Common Shares |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,844 |
Exercise of share options |  |  | 22,877 |  |  |  | 11,149 |
Employee Share Purchase Plan (ESPP) |  |  | 1,731 |  |  |  | 869 |
Share-based employee compensation expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted shares |  |  | 2,273 |  |  |  | 4,021 |
Share options |  |  | 988 |  |  |  | 670 |
ESPP discount |  |  | 444 |  |  |  | 153 |
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP) |  |  | (1,229 | ) |  |  | 149 |
Change in market value of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership |  |  | (72,956 | ) |  |  | 111,449 |
Adjustment for Noncontrolling Interests ownership in Operating Partnership |  |  | 619 |  |  |  | (3,440 | )
Balance, end of period |  | $ | 9,083,346 |  |  | $ | 9,092,441 |
RETAINED EARNINGS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 1,399,715 |  |  | $ | 1,386,495 |
Net income attributable to controlling interests |  |  | 57,539 |  |  |  | 308,606 |
Common Share distributions |  |  | (224,673 | ) |  |  | (224,507 | )
Preferred Share distributions |  |  | (773 | ) |  |  | (773 | )
Balance, end of period |  | $ | 1,231,808 |  |  | $ | 1,469,821 |
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | (43,666 | ) |  | $ | (77,563 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) – derivative instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period |  |  | — |  |  |  | (967 | )
Losses reclassified into earnings from other comprehensive income |  |  | 2,303 |  |  |  | 5,634 |
Balance, end of period |  | $ | (41,363 | ) |  | $ | (72,896 | )
DISTRIBUTIONS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Distributions declared per Common Share outstanding |  | $ | 0.6025 |  |  | $ | 0.6025 |

See accompanying notes

8

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EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (Continued)

(Amounts in thousands except per share data)

(Unaudited)

|  | Quarter Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
OPERATING PARTNERSHIP |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 233,162 |  |  | $ | 227,837 |
Issuance of restricted units to Noncontrolling Interests |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12 |
Conversion of OP Units held by Noncontrolling Interests into OP Units held by General Partner |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,844 | )
Equity compensation associated with Noncontrolling Interests |  |  | 6,488 |  |  |  | 5,067 |
Net income attributable to Noncontrolling Interests |  |  | 2,143 |  |  |  | 11,535 |
Distributions to Noncontrolling Interests |  |  | (8,589 | ) |  |  | (9,076 | )
Change in carrying value of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership |  |  | 2,384 |  |  |  | (1,391 | )
Adjustment for Noncontrolling Interests ownership in Operating Partnership |  |  | (619 | ) |  |  | 3,440 |
Balance, end of period |  | $ | 234,969 |  |  | $ | 235,580 |
PARTIALLY OWNED PROPERTIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 4,673 |  |  | $ | 1,183 |
Net income attributable to Noncontrolling Interests |  |  | 682 |  |  |  | 12,530 |
Contributions by Noncontrolling Interests |  |  | — |  |  |  | 341 |
Distributions to Noncontrolling Interests |  |  | (2,883 | ) |  |  | (9,315 | )
Balance, end of period |  | $ | 2,472 |  |  | $ | 4,739 |

See accompanying notes

9

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ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)

|  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Land |  | $ | 5,785,367 |  |  | $ | 5,785,367 |
Depreciable property |  |  | 20,952,067 |  |  |  | 20,920,654 |
Projects under development |  |  | 476,010 |  |  |  | 411,134 |
Land held for development |  |  | 88,360 |  |  |  | 86,170 |
Investment in real estate |  |  | 27,301,804 |  |  |  | 27,203,325 |
Accumulated depreciation |  |  | (8,059,619 | ) |  |  | (7,859,657 | )
Investment in real estate, net |  |  | 19,242,185 |  |  |  | 19,343,668 |
Investments in unconsolidated entities |  |  | 53,274 |  |  |  | 52,782 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 35,453 |  |  |  | 42,591 |
Restricted deposits |  |  | 62,383 |  |  |  | 57,137 |
Right-of-use assets |  |  | 484,999 |  |  |  | 499,287 |
Other assets |  |  | 290,721 |  |  |  | 291,426 |
Total assets |  | $ | 20,169,015 |  |  | $ | 20,286,891 |
LIABILITIES AND CAPITAL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage notes payable, net |  | $ | 2,270,700 |  |  | $ | 2,293,890 |
Notes, net |  |  | 5,337,103 |  |  |  | 5,335,536 |
Line of credit and commercial paper |  |  | 429,753 |  |  |  | 414,830 |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  |  | 168,028 |  |  |  | 107,366 |
Accrued interest payable |  |  | 55,489 |  |  |  | 65,896 |
Lease liabilities |  |  | 316,838 |  |  |  | 329,130 |
Other liabilities |  |  | 335,664 |  |  |  | 345,064 |
Security deposits |  |  | 60,939 |  |  |  | 60,480 |
Distributions payable |  |  | 232,737 |  |  |  | 232,262 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 9,207,251 |  |  |  | 9,184,454 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Redeemable Limited Partners |  |  | 409,523 |  |  |  | 338,951 |
Capital: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Partners’ Capital: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preference Units |  |  | 37,280 |  |  |  | 37,280 |
General Partner |  |  | 10,318,883 |  |  |  | 10,532,037 |
Limited Partners |  |  | 234,969 |  |  |  | 233,162 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | (41,363 | ) |  |  | (43,666 | )
Total partners’ capital |  |  | 10,549,769 |  |  |  | 10,758,813 |
Noncontrolling Interests – Partially Owned Properties |  |  | 2,472 |  |  |  | 4,673 |
Total capital |  |  | 10,552,241 |  |  |  | 10,763,486 |
Total liabilities and capital |  | $ | 20,169,015 |  |  | $ | 20,286,891 |

See accompanying notes

10

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ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Amounts in thousands except per Unit data)

(Unaudited)

|  | Quarter Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
REVENUES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rental income |  | $ | 597,602 |  |  | $ | 682,305 |
EXPENSES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property and maintenance |  |  | 117,054 |  |  |  | 115,816 |
Real estate taxes and insurance |  |  | 103,470 |  |  |  | 97,732 |
Property management |  |  | 26,130 |  |  |  | 27,709 |
General and administrative |  |  | 15,383 |  |  |  | 14,518 |
Depreciation |  |  | 199,962 |  |  |  | 212,422 |
Total expenses |  |  | 461,999 |  |  |  | 468,197 |
Net gain (loss) on sales of real estate properties |  |  | (43 | ) |  |  | 207,977 |
Operating income |  |  | 135,560 |  |  |  | 422,085 |
Interest and other income |  |  | 216 |  |  |  | 1,960 |
Other expenses |  |  | (4,110 | ) |  |  | (2,533 | )
Interest: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Expense incurred, net |  |  | (67,358 | ) |  |  | (85,590 | )
Amortization of deferred financing costs |  |  | (2,185 | ) |  |  | (2,041 | )
Income before income and other taxes, income (loss) from investments in unconsolidated entities and net gain (loss) on sales of land parcels |  |  | 62,123 |  |  |  | 333,881 |
Income and other tax (expense) benefit |  |  | (153 | ) |  |  | (53 | )
Income (loss) from investments in unconsolidated entities |  |  | (1,611 | ) |  |  | (1,157 | )
Net gain (loss) on sales of land parcels |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | — |
Net income |  |  | 60,364 |  |  |  | 332,671 |
Net (income) loss attributable to Noncontrolling Interests – Partially Owned Properties |  |  | (682 | ) |  |  | (12,530 | )
Net income attributable to controlling interests |  | $ | 59,682 |  |  | $ | 320,141 |
ALLOCATION OF NET INCOME: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preference Units |  | $ | 773 |  |  | $ | 773 |
General Partner |  | $ | 56,766 |  |  | $ | 307,833 |
Limited Partners |  |  | 2,143 |  |  |  | 11,535 |
Net income available to Units |  | $ | 58,909 |  |  | $ | 319,368 |
Earnings per Unit – basic: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income available to Units |  | $ | 0.15 |  |  | $ | 0.83 |
Weighted average Units outstanding |  |  | 385,330 |  |  |  | 384,586 |
Earnings per Unit – diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income available to Units |  | $ | 0.15 |  |  | $ | 0.83 |
Weighted average Units outstanding |  |  | 386,916 |  |  |  | 386,949 |

See accompanying notes

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ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Continued)

(Amounts in thousands except per Unit data)

(Unaudited)

|  | Quarter Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 60,364 |  |  | $ | 332,671 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss) – derivative instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period |  |  | — |  |  |  | (967 | )
Losses reclassified into earnings from other comprehensive income |  |  | 2,303 |  |  |  | 5,634 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 2,303 |  |  |  | 4,667 |
Comprehensive income |  |  | 62,667 |  |  |  | 337,338 |
Comprehensive (income) attributable to Noncontrolling Interests – Partially Owned Properties |  |  | (682 | ) |  |  | (12,530 | )
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interests |  | $ | 61,985 |  |  | $ | 324,808 |

See accompanying notes

12

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ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)

|  | Quarter Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 60,364 |  |  | $ | 332,671 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation |  |  | 199,962 |  |  |  | 212,422 |
Amortization of deferred financing costs |  |  | 2,185 |  |  |  | 2,041 |
Amortization of above/below market lease intangibles |  |  | (18 | ) |  |  | (18 | )
Amortization of discounts and premiums on debt |  |  | 1,294 |  |  |  | 1,276 |
Amortization of deferred settlements on derivative instruments |  |  | 2,301 |  |  |  | 5,631 |
Amortization of right-of-use assets |  |  | 2,980 |  |  |  | 3,007 |
Write-off of pursuit costs |  |  | 1,331 |  |  |  | 1,627 |
(Income) loss from investments in unconsolidated entities |  |  | 1,611 |  |  |  | 1,157 |
Distributions from unconsolidated entities – return on capital |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100 |
Net (gain) loss on sales of real estate properties |  |  | 43 |  |  |  | (207,977 | )
Net (gain) loss on sales of land parcels |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  | — |
Realized/unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments |  |  | — |  |  |  | 25 |
Compensation paid with Company Common Shares |  |  | 8,678 |  |  |  | 7,844 |
Other operating activities, net |  |  | 133 |  |  |  | 1,805 |
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Increase) decrease in other assets |  |  | 20,746 |  |  |  | (18,386 | )
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued expenses |  |  | 59,116 |  |  |  | 62,573 |
Increase (decrease) in accrued interest payable |  |  | (10,407 | ) |  |  | (927 | )
Increase (decrease) in lease liabilities |  |  | (868 | ) |  |  | (621 | )
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities |  |  | (3,852 | ) |  |  | (20,811 | )
Increase (decrease) in security deposits |  |  | 459 |  |  |  | (988 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 346,053 |  |  |  | 382,451 |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment in real estate – development/other |  |  | (64,599 | ) |  |  | (52,204 | )
Capital expenditures to real estate |  |  | (28,679 | ) |  |  | (38,342 | )
Non-real estate capital additions |  |  | (589 | ) |  |  | (4,516 | )
Interest capitalized for real estate under development |  |  | (3,769 | ) |  |  | (1,834 | )
Proceeds from disposition of real estate, net |  |  | — |  |  |  | 368,364 |
Investments in unconsolidated entities |  |  | (2,378 | ) |  |  | (5,458 | )
Distributions from unconsolidated entities – return of capital |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | — |
Other investing activities, net |  |  | (26,335 | ) |  |  | (1 | )
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities |  |  | (126,345 | ) |  |  | 266,009 |

See accompanying notes

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ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)

(Amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)

|  | Quarter Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt financing costs |  | $ | (318 | ) |  | $ | (181 | )
Mortgage notes payable, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds |  |  | 37,492 |  |  |  | 78 |
Lump sum payoffs |  |  | (59,880 | ) |  |  | — |
Scheduled principal repayments |  |  | (1,871 | ) |  |  | (1,941 | )
Line of credit and commercial paper: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Line of credit proceeds |  |  | — |  |  |  | 720,000 |
Line of credit repayments |  |  | — |  |  |  | (740,000 | )
Commercial paper proceeds |  |  | 1,184,923 |  |  |  | 1,905,818 |
Commercial paper repayments |  |  | (1,170,000 | ) |  |  | (2,291,000 | )
Proceeds from (payments on) settlement of derivative instruments |  |  | — |  |  |  | (25 | )
Finance ground lease principal payments |  |  | (116 | ) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from EQR’s Employee Share Purchase Plan (ESPP) |  |  | 1,731 |  |  |  | 869 |
Proceeds from exercise of EQR options |  |  | 22,882 |  |  |  | 11,151 |
Contributions – Noncontrolling Interests – Partially Owned Properties |  |  | — |  |  |  | 341 |
Contributions – Limited Partners |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12 |
Distributions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
OP Units – General Partner |  |  | (224,308 | ) |  |  | (211,239 | )
Preference Units |  |  | (773 | ) |  |  | (773 | )
OP Units – Limited Partners |  |  | (8,479 | ) |  |  | (8,484 | )
Noncontrolling Interests – Partially Owned Properties |  |  | (2,883 | ) |  |  | (9,315 | )
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities |  |  | (221,600 | ) |  |  | (624,689 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted deposits |  |  | (1,892 | ) |  |  | 23,771 |
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted deposits, beginning of period |  |  | 99,728 |  |  |  | 116,999 |
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted deposits, end of period |  | $ | 97,836 |  |  | $ | 140,770 |
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted deposits, end of period |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 35,453 |  |  | $ | 82,335 |
Restricted deposits |  |  | 62,383 |  |  |  | 58,435 |
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted deposits, end of period |  | $ | 97,836 |  |  | $ | 140,770 |

See accompanying notes

14

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ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)

(Amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)

|  | Quarter Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized |  | $ | 74,058 |  |  | $ | 75,561 |
Net cash paid (received) for income and other taxes |  | $ | 752 |  |  | $ | 266 |
Amortization of deferred financing costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment in real estate, net |  | $ | (60 | ) |  | $ | (60 | )
Other assets |  | $ | 585 |  |  | $ | 584 |
Mortgage notes payable, net |  | $ | 703 |  |  | $ | 403 |
Notes, net |  | $ | 957 |  |  | $ | 1,114 |
Amortization of discounts and premiums on debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage notes payable, net |  | $ | 684 |  |  | $ | 595 |
Notes, net |  | $ | 610 |  |  | $ | 681 |
Amortization of deferred settlements on derivative instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | (3 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive income |  | $ | 2,303 |  |  | $ | 5,634 |
Write-off of pursuit costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment in real estate, net |  | $ | 1,209 |  |  | $ | 1,586 |
Other assets |  | $ | 114 |  |  | $ | 33 |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 8 |
(Income) loss from investments in unconsolidated entities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments in unconsolidated entities |  | $ | 1,282 |  |  | $ | 830 |
Other liabilities |  | $ | 329 |  |  | $ | 327 |
Realized/unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 992 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (967 | )
Investments in unconsolidated entities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments in unconsolidated entities |  | $ | (1,778 | ) |  | $ | (4,558 | )
Other liabilities |  | $ | (600 | ) |  | $ | (900 | )
Debt financing costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (181 | )
Mortgage notes payable, net |  | $ | (318 | ) |  | $ | — |
Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities initial measurement and reclassifications: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Right-of-use assets |  | $ | 11,308 |  |  | $ | — |
Lease liabilities |  | $ | (11,308 | ) |  | $ | — |

See accompanying notes

15

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ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN CAPITAL

(Amounts in thousands except per Unit data)

(Unaudited)

|  | Quarter Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
PARTNERS’ CAPITAL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PREFERENCE UNITS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 37,280 |  |  | $ | 37,280 |
Balance, end of period |  | $ | 37,280 |  |  | $ | 37,280 |
GENERAL PARTNER |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 10,532,037 |  |  | $ | 10,355,789 |
OP Unit Issuance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Conversion of OP Units held by Limited Partners into OP Units held by General Partner |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,844 |
Exercise of EQR share options |  |  | 22,882 |  |  |  | 11,151 |
EQR’s Employee Share Purchase Plan (ESPP) |  |  | 1,731 |  |  |  | 869 |
Share-based employee compensation expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
EQR restricted shares |  |  | 2,274 |  |  |  | 4,023 |
EQR share options |  |  | 988 |  |  |  | 670 |
EQR ESPP discount |  |  | 444 |  |  |  | 153 |
Net income available to Units – General Partner |  |  | 56,766 |  |  |  | 307,833 |
OP Units – General Partner distributions |  |  | (224,673 | ) |  |  | (224,507 | )
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP) |  |  | (1,229 | ) |  |  | 149 |
Change in market value of Redeemable Limited Partners |  |  | (72,956 | ) |  |  | 111,449 |
Adjustment for Limited Partners ownership in Operating Partnership |  |  | 619 |  |  |  | (3,440 | )
Balance, end of period |  | $ | 10,318,883 |  |  | $ | 10,565,983 |
LIMITED PARTNERS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 233,162 |  |  | $ | 227,837 |
Issuance of restricted units to Limited Partners |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12 |
Conversion of OP Units held by Limited Partners into OP Units held by General Partner |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,844 | )
Equity compensation associated with Units – Limited Partners |  |  | 6,488 |  |  |  | 5,067 |
Net income available to Units – Limited Partners |  |  | 2,143 |  |  |  | 11,535 |
Units – Limited Partners distributions |  |  | (8,589 | ) |  |  | (9,076 | )
Change in carrying value of Redeemable Limited Partners |  |  | 2,384 |  |  |  | (1,391 | )
Adjustment for Limited Partners ownership in Operating Partnership |  |  | (619 | ) |  |  | 3,440 |
Balance, end of period |  | $ | 234,969 |  |  | $ | 235,580 |
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | (43,666 | ) |  | $ | (77,563 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) – derivative instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period |  |  | — |  |  |  | (967 | )
Losses reclassified into earnings from other comprehensive income |  |  | 2,303 |  |  |  | 5,634 |
Balance, end of period |  | $ | (41,363 | ) |  | $ | (72,896 | )
DISTRIBUTIONS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Distributions declared per Unit outstanding |  | $ | 0.6025 |  |  | $ | 0.6025 |

See accompanying notes

16

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ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN CAPITAL (Continued)

(Amounts in thousands except per Unit data)

(Unaudited)

|  | Quarter Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS – PARTIALLY OWNED PROPERTIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 4,673 |  |  | $ | 1,183 |
Net income attributable to Noncontrolling Interests |  |  | 682 |  |  |  | 12,530 |
Contributions by Noncontrolling Interests |  |  | — |  |  |  | 341 |
Distributions to Noncontrolling Interests |  |  | (2,883 | ) |  |  | (9,315 | )
Balance, end of period |  | $ | 2,472 |  |  | $ | 4,739 |

See accompanying notes

17

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EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1. | Business

Equity Residential (“EQR”) is an S&P 500 company focused on the acquisition, development and management of residential properties located in and around dynamic cities that attract high quality long-term renters, a business that is conducted on its behalf by ERP Operating Limited Partnership (“ERPOP”). EQR is a Maryland real estate investment trust (“REIT”) formed in March 1993 and ERPOP is an Illinois limited partnership formed in May 1993. References to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” mean collectively EQR, ERPOP and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by EQR and/or ERPOP. References to the “Operating Partnership” mean collectively ERPOP and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by ERPOP. Unless otherwise indicated, the notes to consolidated financial statements apply to both the Company and the Operating Partnership.

EQR is the general partner of, and as of March 31, 2021 owned an approximate 96.4% ownership interest in, ERPOP. All of the Company’s property ownership, development and related business operations are conducted through the Operating Partnership and EQR has no material assets or liabilities other than its investment in ERPOP. EQR issues equity from time to time, the net proceeds of which it is obligated to contribute to ERPOP, but does not have any indebtedness as all debt is incurred by the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership holds substantially all of the assets of the Company, including the Company’s ownership interests in its joint ventures. The Operating Partnership conducts the operations of the business and is structured as a partnership with no publicly traded equity.

As of March 31, 2021, the Company, directly or indirectly through investments in title holding entities, owned all or a portion of 304 properties located in 9 states and the District of Columbia consisting of 77,889 apartment units. The ownership breakdown includes (table does not include various uncompleted development properties):

|  | Properties |  |  | Apartment Units |
Wholly Owned Properties |  |  | 287 |  |  |  | 74,328 |
Master-Leased Property – Consolidated |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 162 |
Partially Owned Properties – Consolidated |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 3,399 |
|  |  | 304 |  |  |  | 77,889 |

COVID-19 Pandemic

The continued rapid development and fast-changing nature of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic creates many unknowns that have had and could continue to have a significant future impact on the Company. Its duration, severity and the extent of the adverse health impact on the general population, our residents and employees, the rollout and effectiveness of vaccines and the potential long-term changes in customer preferences for living in our communities, are among the many unknowns. These, among other items, have impacted the economy, the unemployment rate and our operations and could materially affect our future consolidated results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, investments and overall performance. There have been no material changes to the overall COVID-19 disclosures that were discussed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements of the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

2. | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) and certain reclassifications considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2021.

In preparation of the Company’s financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of

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contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, management evaluated whether its estimates, such as lease collectibility (discuss ed below in Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements) and impairment, require d revised approaches and generally concluded that no revisions were necessary at this time.

The balance sheets at December 31, 2020 have been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete financial statements.

For further information, including definitions of capitalized terms not defined herein, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Income and Other Taxes

EQR has elected to be taxed as a REIT. This, along with the nature of the operations of its operating properties, resulted in no provision for federal income taxes at the EQR level. In addition, ERPOP generally is not liable for federal income taxes as the partners recognize their allocable share of income or loss in their tax returns; therefore no provision for federal income taxes has been made at the ERPOP level. Historically, the Company has generally only incurred certain state and local income, excise and franchise taxes. The Company has elected taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”) status for certain of its corporate subsidiaries and, as a result, these entities will incur both federal and state income taxes on any taxable income of such entities after consideration of any net operating losses.

On March 27, 2020, the President signed into law the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”). The CARES Act was enacted to provide economic relief to companies and individuals in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Included in the CARES Act were tax provisions which increased allowable interest expense deductions for 2019 and 2020 and increased the ability for taxpayers to use net operating losses. These provisions did not result in a material impact to the Company’s taxable income or tax liabilities.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an amendment to the debt and equity financial instruments standards which simplifies the accounting for convertible instruments and accounting for contracts in an entity’s own equity. Instead of being required to assess whether an equity contract permits settlement in unregistered shares, which may require a legal analysis under the securities laws, entities will only analyze whether cash settlements are explicitly required when registered shares are unavailable. As a result, such contracts may be classified in permanent rather than mezzanine equity, which may affect the way the Company’s OP Units are presented on its financial statements. The update is effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2022 as the Company did not early adopt the standard as allowed on January 1, 2021. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting the new standard on its consolidated results of operations and financial position.

In March 2020, the FASB issued an amendment to the reference rate reform standard which provides the option for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for, or recognizing the effects of, reference rate reform on contract modifications and hedge accounting. An example of such reform is the expected market transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. Entities that make this optional expedient election would not have to remeasure the contracts at the modification date or reassess the accounting treatment if certain criteria are met and would continue applying hedge accounting for relationships affected by reference rate reform. The new standard was effective for the Company upon issuance and elections can be made through December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating its options with regards to existing contracts and hedging relationships and the impact of adopting this update on its consolidated results of operations and financial position.

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Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In April 2020, a FASB staff question and answer document was issued which intended to reduce the challenges of evaluating the enforceable rights and obligations of leases for concessions granted to lessees in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We elected not to evaluate whether qualifying concessions provided by the Company in response to the COVID-19 pandemic are a lease modification, subject to the criteria that the total payments under the amended lease cannot result in a substantial increase in the rights of the lessor or obligations of the lessee. We also elected to treat the concessions as though they were contemplated as part of the existing contracts and therefore will not apply lease modification rules to the qualifying lease concession amendments. As such, deferrals deemed collectible are recorded as rental receivables with no change to timing of rental revenues and deferrals deemed non-collectible and abatements reduce rental revenues in the deferral/abatement period and cause rental revenues to effectively follow a cash basis related to the changes. The accounting elections provided by the FASB mainly apply to the Company’s non-residential leases and the majority of the amendments will not require a straight-line adjustment. See Note 8 for additional discussion.

In June 2016, the FASB issued a standard which requires companies to adopt a new approach for estimating credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, such as trade and other receivables and loans. The standard requires entities to estimate a lifetime expected credit loss for most financial instruments, including trade receivables. In November 2018, the FASB issued an amendment excluding operating lease receivables accounted for under the lease standard from the scope of the credit losses standard. The Company adopted this standard as required effective January 1, 2020 and it did not have a material effect on its consolidated results of operations and financial position.

3. | Equity, Capital and Other Interests

The Company refers to “Common Shares” and “Units” (which refer to both OP Units and restricted units) as equity securities for EQR and “General Partner Units” and “Limited Partner Units” as equity securities for ERPOP. To provide a streamlined and more readable presentation of the disclosures for the Company and the Operating Partnership, several sections below refer to the respective terminology for each with the same financial information and separate sections are provided, where needed, to further distinguish any differences in financial information and terminology.

The following table presents the changes in the Company’s issued and outstanding Common Shares and Units for the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Common Shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common Shares outstanding at January 1, |  |  | 372,302,000 |  |  |  | 371,670,884 |
Common Shares Issued: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Conversion of OP Units |  |  | — |  |  |  | 41,945 |
Exercise of share options |  |  | 506,342 |  |  |  | 214,521 |
Employee Share Purchase Plan (ESPP) |  |  | 32,572 |  |  |  | 13,606 |
Restricted share grants, net |  |  | 76,499 |  |  |  | 163,098 |
Common Shares outstanding at March 31, |  |  | 372,917,413 |  |  |  | 372,104,054 |
Units |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Units outstanding at January 1, |  |  | 13,858,073 |  |  |  | 13,731,315 |
Restricted unit grants, net |  |  | 184,301 |  |  |  | 243,063 |
Conversion of OP Units to Common Shares |  |  | — |  |  |  | (41,945 | )
Units outstanding at March 31, |  |  | 14,042,374 |  |  |  | 13,932,433 |
Total Common Shares and Units outstanding at March 31, |  |  | 386,959,787 |  |  |  | 386,036,487 |
Units Ownership Interest in Operating Partnership |  |  | 3.6 | % |  |  | 3.6 | %

The following table presents the changes in the Operating Partnership’s issued and outstanding General Partner Units and Limited Partner Units for the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:

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|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
General and Limited Partner Units |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General and Limited Partner Units outstanding at January 1, |  |  | 386,160,073 |  |  |  | 385,402,199 |
Issued to General Partner: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercise of EQR share options |  |  | 506,342 |  |  |  | 214,521 |
EQR’s Employee Share Purchase Plan (ESPP) |  |  | 32,572 |  |  |  | 13,606 |
EQR’s restricted share grants, net |  |  | 76,499 |  |  |  | 163,098 |
Issued to Limited Partners: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted unit grants, net |  |  | 184,301 |  |  |  | 243,063 |
General and Limited Partner Units outstanding at March 31, |  |  | 386,959,787 |  |  |  | 386,036,487 |
Limited Partner Units |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Limited Partner Units outstanding at January 1, |  |  | 13,858,073 |  |  |  | 13,731,315 |
Limited Partner restricted unit grants, net |  |  | 184,301 |  |  |  | 243,063 |
Conversion of Limited Partner OP Units to EQR Common Shares |  |  | — |  |  |  | (41,945 | )
Limited Partner Units outstanding at March 31, |  |  | 14,042,374 |  |  |  | 13,932,433 |
Limited Partner Units Ownership Interest in Operating Partnership |  |  | 3.6 | % |  |  | 3.6 | %

The equity positions of various individuals and entities that contributed their properties to the Operating Partnership in exchange for OP Units, as well as the equity positions of the holders of restricted units, are collectively referred to as the “Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership” and “Limited Partners Capital,” respectively, for the Company and the Operating Partnership. Subject to certain exceptions (including the “book-up” requirements of restricted units), the Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Limited Partners Capital may exchange their Units with EQR for Common Shares on a one-for-one basis. The carrying value of the Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Limited Partners Capital (including redeemable interests) is allocated based on the number of Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Limited Partners Capital in total in proportion to the number of Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Limited Partners Capital in total plus the total number of Common Shares/General Partner Units. Net income is allocated to the Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Limited Partners Capital based on the weighted average ownership percentage during the period.

The Operating Partnership has the right but not the obligation to make a cash payment instead of issuing Common Shares to any and all holders of Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Limited Partners Capital requesting an exchange of their Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Limited Partners Capital with EQR. Once the Operating Partnership elects not to redeem the Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Limited Partners Capital for cash, EQR is obligated to deliver Common Shares to the exchanging holder of the Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Limited Partners Capital.

The Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Limited Partners Capital are classified as either mezzanine equity or permanent equity. If EQR is required, either by contract or securities law, to deliver registered Common Shares, such Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Limited Partners Capital are differentiated and referred to as “Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership” and “Redeemable Limited Partners,” respectively. Instruments that require settlement in registered shares cannot be classified in permanent equity as it is not always completely within an issuer’s control to deliver registered shares. Therefore, settlement in cash is assumed and that responsibility for settlement in cash is deemed to fall to the Operating Partnership as the primary source of cash for EQR, resulting in presentation in the mezzanine section of the balance sheet. The Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Redeemable Limited Partners are adjusted to the greater of carrying value or fair market value based on the Common Share price of EQR at the end of each respective reporting period. EQR has the ability to deliver unregistered Common Shares for the remaining portion of the Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Limited Partners Capital that are classified in permanent equity at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

The carrying value of the Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Redeemable Limited Partners is allocated based on the number of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Redeemable Limited Partners in proportion to the number of Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Limited Partners Capital in total. Such percentage of the total carrying value of Units/Limited Partner Units which is ascribed to the Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Redeemable Limited Partners is then adjusted to the greater of carrying value or fair market value as described above. As of March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Redeemable Limited Partners have a redemption value of approximately $409.5 million and $353.3 million, respectively, which represents the value of Common Shares that would be issued in exchange for the Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Redeemable Limited Partners.

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The following table presents the changes in the redemption value of the Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Redeemable Limited Partners for the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively (amounts in thousands):

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Balance at January 1, |  | $ | 338,951 |  |  | $ | 463,400 |
Change in market value |  |  | 72,956 |  |  |  | (111,449 | )
Change in carrying value |  |  | (2,384 | ) |  |  | 1,391 |
Balance at March 31, |  | $ | 409,523 |  |  | $ | 353,342 |

Net proceeds from EQR Common Share and Preferred Share (see definition below) offerings and proceeds from exercise of options for Common Shares are contributed by EQR to ERPOP. In return for those contributions, EQR receives a number of OP Units in ERPOP equal to the number of Common Shares it has issued in the equity offering (or in the case of a preferred equity offering, a number of preference units in ERPOP equal in number and having the same terms as the Preferred Shares issued in the equity offering). As a result, the net proceeds from Common Shares and Preferred Shares are allocated for the Company between shareholders’ equity and Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership and for the Operating Partnership between General Partner’s Capital and Limited Partners Capital to account for the change in their respective percentage ownership of the underlying equity.

The Company’s declaration of trust authorizes it to issue up to 100,000,000 preferred shares of beneficial interest, $0.01 par value per share (the “Preferred Shares”), with specific rights, preferences and other attributes as the Board of Trustees may determine, which may include preferences, powers and rights that are senior to the rights of holders of the Company’s Common Shares.

The following table presents the Company’s issued and outstanding Preferred Shares/Preference Units as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Amounts in thousands |
|  |  |  | Annual |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Call |  | Dividend Per |  |  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | Date (1) |  | Share/Unit (2) |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Preferred Shares/Preference Units of beneficial interest, $0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
8.29% Series K Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares/Preference Units; liquidation value $50 per share/unit; 745,600 shares/units issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 |  | 12/10/26 |  | $ | 4.145 |  |  | $ | 37,280 |  |  | $ | 37,280 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 37,280 |  |  | $ | 37,280 |

(1) | On or after the call date, redeemable Preferred Shares/Preference Units may be redeemed for cash at the option of the Company or the Operating Partnership, respectively, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to the liquidation price per share/unit, plus accrued and unpaid distributions, if any.

(2) | Dividends on Preferred Shares/Preference Units are payable quarterly.

Other

EQR and ERPOP currently have an active universal shelf registration statement for the issuance of equity and debt securities that automatically became effective upon filing with the SEC in June 2019 and expires in June 2022. Per the terms of ERPOP’s partnership agreement, EQR contributes the net proceeds of all equity offerings to the capital of ERPOP in exchange for additional OP Units (on a one-for-one Common Share per OP Unit basis) or preference units (on a one-for-one preferred share per preference unit basis).

The Company has an At-The-Market (“ATM”) share offering program which allows EQR to sell Common Shares from time to time into the existing trading market at current market prices as well as through negotiated transactions. In June 2019, the Company extended the program maturity to June 2022. In connection with the extension, the Company may now also sell Common Shares under forward sale agreements. The use of a forward sale agreement would allow the Company to lock in a price on the sale of Common Shares at the time the agreement is executed, but defer receiving the proceeds from the sale until a later date. EQR has the authority to issue 13.0 million shares but has not issued any shares under this program since September 2012.

The Company may repurchase up to 13.0 million Common Shares under its share repurchase program. No open market repurchases have occurred since 2008, and no repurchases of any kind have occurred since February 2014. As of March 31, 2021, EQR has remaining authorization to repurchase up to 13.0 million of its shares.

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4. | Real Estate

The following table summarizes the carrying amounts for the Company’s investment in real estate (at cost) as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (amounts in thousands):

|  | March 31, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
Land |  | $ | 5,785,367 |  |  | $ | 5,785,367 |
Depreciable property: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Buildings and improvements |  |  | 18,476,711 |  |  |  | 18,464,484 |
Furniture, fixtures and equipment |  |  | 1,989,219 |  |  |  | 1,970,033 |
In-Place lease intangibles |  |  | 486,137 |  |  |  | 486,137 |
Projects under development: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Land |  |  | 23,531 |  |  |  | 23,531 |
Construction-in-progress |  |  | 452,479 |  |  |  | 387,603 |
Land held for development: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Land |  |  | 46,160 |  |  |  | 46,160 |
Construction-in-progress |  |  | 42,200 |  |  |  | 40,010 |
Investment in real estate |  |  | 27,301,804 |  |  |  | 27,203,325 |
Accumulated depreciation |  |  | (8,059,619 | ) |  |  | (7,859,657 | )
Investment in real estate, net |  | $ | 19,242,185 |  |  | $ | 19,343,668 |

The Company did not acquire or sell any assets during the first quarter of 2021.

5. | Commitments to Acquire/Dispose of Real Estate

The Company has entered into an agreement to acquire the following (purchase price in thousands):

|  | Properties |  |  | Apartment Units |  |  | Purchase Price |
Rental Properties - Consolidated |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 280 |  |  | $ | 95,200 |
Total |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 280 |  |  | $ | 95,200 |

The Company has entered into separate agreements to dispose of the following (sales price and net book value in thousands):

|  | Properties |  |  | Apartment Units |  |  | Sales Price |  |  | Net Book Value at March 31, 2021 |
Rental Properties - Consolidated |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 340 |  |  | $ | 240,000 |  |  | $ | 139,411 |
Total |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 340 |  |  | $ | 240,000 |  |  | $ | 139,411 |

The closing of pending transactions is subject to certain conditions and restrictions; therefore, there can be no assurance that the transactions will be consummated or that the final terms will not differ in material respects from any agreements summarized above. See Note 14 for discussion of the properties acquired or disposed of, if any, subsequent to March 31, 2021.

6. | Investments in Partially Owned Entities

The Company has invested in various properties with unrelated third parties which are either consolidated or accounted for under the equity method of accounting (unconsolidated).

Consolidated Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”)

In accordance with accounting standards for consolidation of VIEs, the Company consolidates ERPOP on EQR’s financial statements. As the sole general partner of ERPOP, EQR has exclusive control of ERPOP’s day-to-day management. The limited partners are not able to exercise substantive kick-out or participating rights. As a result, ERPOP qualifies as a VIE. EQR has a controlling financial interest in ERPOP and, thus, is ERPOP’s primary beneficiary. EQR has the power to direct the activities of ERPOP that most significantly impact ERPOP’s economic performance as well as the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from ERPOP that could potentially be significant to ERPOP.

The Company has various equity interests in certain joint ventures owning 16 properties containing 3,399 apartment units. The

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Company is the general partner or managing member of these joint ventures and is responsible for managing the operations and affairs of the joint ventures as well as making all decisions regarding the businesses of the joint ventures. The limited partners or non-managing members are not able to exercise substantive kick-out or participating rights. As a result, the joint ventures qualify as VIEs. The Company has a controlling financial interest in the VIEs and, thus, is the VIEs’ primary beneficiary. The Company has both the power to direct the activities of the VIEs that most significantly impact the VIEs’ economic performance as well as the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIEs that could potentially be significant to the VIEs. As a result, the joint ventures are required to be consolidated on the Company’s financial statements.

The Company also has two separate consolidated joint ventures which each own land parcels that are being/will be developed into multifamily rental properties. These joint ventures have been deemed to be VIEs and are consolidated due to the Company being the primary beneficiary.

The consolidated assets and liabilities related to the VIEs discussed above were approximately $780.9 million and $237.8 million, respectively, at March 31, 2021 and approximately $784.1 million and $224.0 million, respectively, at December 31, 2020.

Investments in Unconsolidated Entities

The following table and information summarizes the Company’s investments in unconsolidated entities, which are accounted for under the equity method of accounting as the requirements for consolidation are not met, as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (amounts in thousands except for ownership percentage):

|  | March 31, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |  |  | Ownership Percentage |
Investments in Unconsolidated Entities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Property (VIE) (1) |  | $ | 37,731 |  |  | $ | 38,288 |  |  | 33.3% |
Real Estate Technology (2) |  |  | 16,036 |  |  |  | 14,866 |  |  | Varies |
Other |  |  | (493 | ) |  |  | (372 | ) |  | Varies |
Investments in Unconsolidated Entities |  | $ | 53,274 |  |  | $ | 52,782 |  |  |  |  |

(1) | Represents an unconsolidated interest in an entity that owns the land underlying one of the consolidated joint venture properties noted above and owns and operates a related parking facility. The joint venture, as a limited partner, does not have substantive kick-out or participating rights in the entity. As a result, the entity qualifies as a VIE. The joint venture does not have a controlling financial interest in the VIE and is not the VIE’s primary beneficiary. The joint venture does not have the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance or the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. As a result, the entity that owns the land and owns and operates the parking facility is unconsolidated and recorded using the equity method of accounting.

(2) | Represents unconsolidated investments in five separate real estate technology funds/companies.

7. | Restricted Deposits

The following table presents the Company’s restricted deposits as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (amounts in thousands):

|  | March 31, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
Mortgage escrow deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Replacement reserves |  | $ | 10,182 |  |  | $ | 9,877 |
Mortgage principal reserves/sinking funds |  |  | 15,360 |  |  |  | 14,168 |
Mortgage escrow deposits |  |  | 25,542 |  |  |  | 24,045 |
Restricted cash: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earnest money on pending acquisitions |  |  | 3,500 |  |  |  | — |
Restricted deposits on real estate investments |  |  | 302 |  |  |  | 307 |
Resident security and utility deposits |  |  | 31,675 |  |  |  | 31,412 |
Other |  |  | 1,364 |  |  |  | 1,373 |
Restricted cash |  |  | 36,841 |  |  |  | 33,092 |
Restricted deposits |  | $ | 62,383 |  |  | $ | 57,137 |

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8. | Leases

Lessor Accounting

The Company is the lessor for its residential and non-residential leases and these leases will continue to be accounted for as operating leases under the lease standard.

For both the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, approximately 97% of the Company’s total lease revenue is generated from residential apartment leases that are generally twelve months or less in length. The residential apartment leases may include lease income related to such items as utility recoveries, parking, storage and pet rent that the Company treats as a single lease component because the amenities cannot be leased on their own and the timing and pattern of revenue recognition are the same. The collection of lease payments at lease commencement is probable and therefore the Company subsequently recognizes lease income over the lease term on a straight-line basis. Residential leases are renewable upon consent of both parties on an annual or monthly basis.

For both the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, approximately 3% of the Company’s total lease revenue is generated by non-residential leases that are generally for terms ranging between five to ten years. The non-residential leases generally consist of ground floor retail spaces and master-leased parking garages that serve as additional amenities for our residents. The non-residential leases may include lease income related to such items as utility recoveries, parking rent and storage rent that the Company treats as a single lease component because the amenities cannot be leased on their own and the timing and pattern of revenue recognition are the same. The collection of lease payments at lease commencement is probable and therefore the Company subsequently recognizes lease income over the lease term on a straight-line basis. Non-residential leases are renewable with market-based renewal options.

The following table presents the lease income types relating to lease payments for residential and non-residential leases along with the total other rental income for the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 (amounts in thousands):

|  | Quarter Ended March 31, 2021 |  |  | Quarter Ended March 31, 2020 |
Income Type |  | Residential Leases |  |  | Non-Residential Leases |  |  | Total |  |  | Residential Leases |  |  | Non-Residential Leases |  |  | Total |
Residential and non-residential rent |  | $ | 539,655 |  |  | $ | 15,839 |  |  | $ | 555,494 |  |  | $ | 612,480 |  |  | $ | 18,094 |  |  | $ | 630,574 |
Utility recoveries (RUBS income) (1) |  |  | 17,954 |  |  |  | 178 |  |  |  | 18,132 |  |  |  | 17,418 |  |  |  | 228 |  |  |  | 17,646 |
Parking rent |  |  | 9,734 |  |  |  | 267 |  |  |  | 10,001 |  |  |  | 9,833 |  |  |  | 97 |  |  |  | 9,930 |
Other lease revenue (2) |  |  | (10,262 | ) |  |  | 609 |  |  |  | (9,653 | ) |  |  | (213 | ) |  |  | (280 | ) |  |  | (493 | )
Total lease revenue |  | $ | 557,081 |  |  | $ | 16,893 |  |  |  | 573,974 |  |  | $ | 639,518 |  |  | $ | 18,139 |  |  |  | 657,657 |
Parking revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,433 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,783 |
Other revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18,195 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 17,865 |
Total other rental income (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 23,628 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 24,648 |
Rental income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 597,602 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 682,305 |

(1) | RUBS income primarily consists of variable payments representing the recovery of utility costs from residents.

(2) | Other lease revenue consists of the revenue adjustment related to bad debt and other miscellaneous lease revenue.

(3) | Other rental income is accounted for under the revenue recognition standard.

The economic impact of the pandemic on a subset of our residents and tenants has led to elevated levels of bad debt. We continue to work with our residents and tenants on payment plans and collections and our bad debt allowance policies remain consistent.

The following table presents residential and non-residential accounts receivable and straight-line receivable balances for the Company’s properties as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (amounts in thousands):

|  | Residential |  |  | Non-Residential |
Balance Sheet (Other assets): |  | March 31, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |  |  | March 31, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
Resident/tenant accounts receivable balances |  | $ | 37,248 |  |  | $ | 30,856 |  |  | $ | 6,847 |  |  | $ | 7,598 |
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  |  | (31,799 | ) |  |  | (24,021 | ) |  |  | (5,724 | ) |  |  | (6,527 | )
Net receivable balances |  | $ | 5,449 |  | (1) | $ | 6,835 |  |  | $ | 1,123 |  |  | $ | 1,071 |
Straight-line receivable balances |  | $ | 25,360 |  |  | $ | 19,992 |  |  | $ | 13,409 |  |  | $ | 13,413 |

(1) | The Company held residential security deposits approximating 35.4% of the net receivable balance at March 31, 2021.

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The following table presents residential bad debt for the Company’s properties for the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 (amounts in thousands):

|  | Quarter Ended March 31, |
Income Statement (Rental income): |  |  | 2021 |  |  |  | 2020 |
Bad debt, net |  | $ | 13,693 |  |  | $ | 3,784 |
% of rental income |  |  | 2.4 | % |  |  | 0.6 | %

9. | Debt

EQR does not have any indebtedness as all debt is incurred by the Operating Partnership. Weighted average interest rates noted below for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 include the effect of any derivative instruments and amortization of premiums/discounts/OCI (other comprehensive income) on debt and derivatives.

Mortgage Notes Payable

The following table summarizes the Company’s mortgage notes payable activity for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 (amounts in thousands):

|  | Mortgage notes payable, net as of December 31, 2020 |  |  | Proceeds |  |  | Lump sum payoffs |  |  | Scheduled principal repayments |  |  | Amortization of premiums/ discounts |  |  | Amortization of deferred financing costs, net (1) |  |  | Mortgage notes payable, net as of March 31, 2021 |
Fixed Rate Debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Secured – Conventional |  | $ | 1,901,091 |  |  | $ | 28,500 |  | (2) | $ | (28,200 | ) |  | $ | (1,871 | ) |  | $ | 378 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 1,899,917 |
Floating Rate Debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Secured – Conventional |  |  | 31,494 |  |  |  | 8,992 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 60 |  |  |  | 40,546 |
Secured – Tax Exempt |  |  | 361,305 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (31,680 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 306 |  |  |  | 306 |  |  |  | 330,237 |
Floating Rate Debt |  |  | 392,799 |  |  |  | 8,992 |  |  |  | (31,680 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 306 |  |  |  | 366 |  |  |  | 370,783 |
Total |  | $ | 2,293,890 |  |  | $ | 37,492 |  |  | $ | (59,880 | ) |  | $ | (1,871 | ) |  | $ | 684 |  |  | $ | 385 |  |  | $ | 2,270,700 |

(1) | Represents amortization of deferred financing costs, net of debt financing costs.

(2) | Obtained 3.58% fixed rate mortgage debt maturing on March 1, 2031.

The following table summarizes certain interest rate and maturity date information as of and for the quarter ended March 31, 2021:

|  | March 31, 2021 |
Interest Rate Ranges |  | 0.05% - 4.21% |
Weighted Average Interest Rate |  | 3.18% |
Maturity Date Ranges |  | 2022-2061 |

As of March 31, 2021, the Company had $250.0 million of secured debt (primarily tax-exempt bonds) subject to third party credit enhancement.

Notes

The following table summarizes the Company’s notes activity for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 (amounts in thousands):

|  | Notes, net as of December 31, 2020 |  |  | Proceeds |  |  | Lump sum payoffs |  |  | Realized/unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments |  |  | Amortization of premiums/ discounts |  |  | Amortization of deferred financing costs, net (1) |  |  | Notes, net as of March 31, 2021 |
Fixed Rate Debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unsecured – Public |  | $ | 5,335,536 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 610 |  |  | $ | 957 |  |  | $ | 5,337,103 |

(1) | Represents amortization of deferred financing costs, net of debt financing costs.

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The following table summarizes certain interest rate and maturity date information as of and for the quarter ended March 31, 2021:

|  | March 31, 2021 |
Interest Rate Ranges |  | 2.50% - 7.57% |
Weighted Average Interest Rate |  | 3.77% |
Maturity Date Ranges |  | 2023-2047 |

The Company’s unsecured public notes contain certain financial and operating covenants including, among other things, maintenance of certain financial ratios. The Company was in compliance with its unsecured public debt covenants for the quarter ended March 31, 2021.

Line of Credit and Commercial Paper

On November 1, 2019, the Company replaced its existing $2.0 billion facility with a $2.5 billion unsecured revolving credit facility maturing November 1, 2024. The Company has the ability to increase available borrowings by an additional $750.0 million by adding lenders to the facility, obtaining the agreement of existing lenders to increase their commitments or incurring one or more term loans. The interest rate on advances under the facility will generally be LIBOR plus a spread (currently 0.775%), or based on bids received from the lending group, and the Company pays an annual facility fee (currently 0.125%). Both the spread and the facility fee are dependent on the Company’s senior unsecured credit rating. The Company did not borrow any amounts under its revolving credit facility during the quarter ended March 31, 2021.

On November 4, 2019, the Company increased the maximum aggregate amount outstanding for its commercial paper program from $500.0 million to $1.0 billion. The notes will be sold under customary terms in the United States commercial paper note market subject to market conditions and will rank pari passu with all of the Company’s other unsecured senior indebtedness. The notes bear interest at various floating rates with a weighted average interest rate of 0.30% for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 and a weighted average maturity of 69 days as of March 31, 2021. The weighted average amount outstanding for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 was approximately $457.3 million.

The Company limits its utilization of the revolving credit facility in order to maintain liquidity to support its $1.0 billion commercial paper program along with certain other obligations. The following table presents the availability on the Company’s unsecured revolving credit facility as of March 31, 2021 (amounts in thousands):

|  | March 31, 2021 |
Unsecured revolving credit facility commitment |  | $ | 2,500,000 |
Commercial paper balance outstanding |  |  | (430,000 | )
Unsecured revolving credit facility balance outstanding |  |  | — |
Other restricted amounts |  |  | (100,699 | )
Unsecured revolving credit facility availability |  | $ | 1,969,301 |

Other

The following table summarizes the Company’s total debt extinguishment costs recorded as additional interest expense during the quarter ended March 31, 2021 (amounts in thousands):

|  | March 31, 2021 |
Write-offs of unamortized deferred financing costs |  | $ | 264 |

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10. | Derivative and Other Fair Value Instruments

The valuation of financial instruments requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the fair value of the instruments. The Company, where possible, bases the fair values of its financial instruments, including its derivative instruments, on listed market prices and third-party quotes. Where these are not available, the Company bases its estimates on current instruments with similar terms and maturities or on other factors relevant to the financial instruments.

In the normal course of business, the Company is exposed to the effect of interest rate changes. The Company may seek to manage these risks by following established risk management policies and procedures including the use of derivatives to hedge interest rate risk on debt instruments. The Company may also use derivatives to manage commodity prices in the daily operations of the business.

A three-level valuation hierarchy exists for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels are defined as follows:

| • | Level 1 – Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

| • | Level 2 – Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

| • | Level 3 – Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company’s derivative positions are valued using models developed by the respective counterparty as well as models applied internally by the Company that use as their inputs readily observable market parameters (such as forward yield curves and credit default swap data). The following table summarizes the inputs to the valuations for each type of fair value measurement:

Fair Value Measurement Type |  | Valuation Inputs
Employee holdings (other than Common Shares) within the supplemental executive retirement plan (the “SERP”) |  | Quoted market prices for identical assets. These holdings are included in other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Redeemable Limited Partners |  | Quoted market price of Common Shares.
Mortgage notes payable and private unsecured debt (including its commercial paper and line of credit, if applicable) |  | Indicative rates provided by lenders of similar loans.
Public unsecured notes |  | Quoted market prices for each underlying issuance.

The fair values of the Company’s financial instruments (other than mortgage notes payable, unsecured notes, commercial paper, line of credit and derivative instruments), including cash and cash equivalents and other financial instruments, approximate their carrying or contract value. The following table provides a summary of the carrying and fair values for the Company’s mortgage notes payable and unsecured debt (including its commercial paper and line of credit, if applicable) at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively (amounts in thousands):

|  | March 31, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
|  | Carrying Value |  |  | Estimated Fair Value (Level 2) |  |  | Carrying Value |  |  | Estimated Fair Value (Level 2) |
Mortgage notes payable, net |  | $ | 2,270,700 |  |  | $ | 2,271,926 |  |  | $ | 2,293,890 |  |  | $ | 2,313,263 |
Unsecured debt, net |  |  | 5,766,856 |  |  |  | 6,313,039 |  |  |  | 5,750,366 |  |  |  | 6,686,612 |
Total debt, net |  | $ | 8,037,556 |  |  | $ | 8,584,965 |  |  | $ | 8,044,256 |  |  | $ | 8,999,875 |

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The following tables provide a summary of the fair value measurements for each major category of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the location within the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively (amounts in thousands):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using |
Description |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | 3/31/2021 |  |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets/Liabilities (Level 1) |  |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan |  | Other Assets |  | $ | 154,846 |  |  | $ | 154,846 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan |  | Other Liabilities |  | $ | 154,846 |  |  | $ | 154,846 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Partnership/Redeemable |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Limited Partners |  | Mezzanine |  | $ | 409,523 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 409,523 |  |  | $ | — |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using |
Description |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | 12/31/2020 |  |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets/Liabilities (Level 1) |  |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan |  | Other Assets |  | $ | 160,293 |  |  | $ | 160,293 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan |  | Other Liabilities |  | $ | 160,293 |  |  | $ | 160,293 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Partnership/Redeemable |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Limited Partners |  | Mezzanine |  | $ | 338,951 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 338,951 |  |  | $ | — |

The following tables provide a summary of the effect of cash flow hedges on the Company’s accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively (amounts in thousands):

|  | Effective Portion |
March 31, 2021 Type of Cash Flow Hedge |  | Amount of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative |  |  | Location of Gain/(Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income |  | Amount of Gain/(Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income |
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest Rate Contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward Starting Swaps |  | $ | — |  |  | Interest expense |  | $ | (2,303 | )
Total |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | (2,303 | )

|  | Effective Portion |
March 31, 2020 Type of Cash Flow Hedge |  | Amount of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative |  |  | Location of Gain/(Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income |  | Amount of Gain/(Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income |
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest Rate Contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward Starting Swaps |  | $ | (967 | ) |  | Interest expense |  | $ | (5,634 | )
Total |  | $ | (967 | ) |  |  |  | $ | (5,634 | )

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As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there were approximately $41.4 million and $43.7 million in deferred losses, net, included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), respectively, related to derivative instruments, of which an estimated $10.3 million may be recognized as additional interest expense during the twelve months ending March 31, 2022.

1 1. | Earnings Per Share and Earnings Per Unit

Equity Residential

The following tables set forth the computation of net income per share – basic and net income per share – diluted for the Company (amounts in thousands except per share amounts):

|  |  | Quarter Ended March 31, |
|  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Numerator for net income per share – basic: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  |  | $ | 60,364 |  |  | $ | 332,671 |
Allocation to Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership |  |  |  | (2,143 | ) |  |  | (11,535 | )
Net (income) loss attributable to Noncontrolling Interests – Partially Owned Properties |  |  |  | (682 | ) |  |  | (12,530 | )
Preferred distributions |  |  |  | (773 | ) |  |  | (773 | )
Numerator for net income per share – basic |  |  | $ | 56,766 |  |  | $ | 307,833 |
Numerator for net income per share – diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  |  | $ | 60,364 |  |  | $ | 332,671 |
Net (income) loss attributable to Noncontrolling Interests – Partially Owned Properties |  |  |  | (682 | ) |  |  | (12,530 | )
Preferred distributions |  |  |  | (773 | ) |  |  | (773 | )
Numerator for net income per share – diluted |  |  | $ | 58,909 |  |  | $ | 319,368 |
Denominator for net income per share – basic and diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Denominator for net income per share – basic |  |  |  | 372,280 |  |  |  | 371,582 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
OP Units |  |  |  | 13,050 |  |  |  | 13,004 |
Long-term compensation shares/units |  |  |  | 1,586 |  |  |  | 2,363 |
Denominator for net income per share – diluted |  |  |  | 386,916 |  |  |  | 386,949 |
Net income per share – basic |  |  | $ | 0.15 |  |  | $ | 0.83 |
Net income per share – diluted |  |  | $ | 0.15 |  |  | $ | 0.83 |

ERP Operating Limited Partnership

The following tables set forth the computation of net income per Unit – basic and net income per Unit – diluted for the Operating Partnership (amounts in thousands except per Unit amounts):

|  | Quarter Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Numerator for net income per Unit – basic and diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 60,364 |  |  | $ | 332,671 |
Net (income) loss attributable to Noncontrolling Interests – Partially Owned Properties |  |  | (682 | ) |  |  | (12,530 | )
Allocation to Preference Units |  |  | (773 | ) |  |  | (773 | )
Numerator for net income per Unit – basic and diluted |  | $ | 58,909 |  |  | $ | 319,368 |
Denominator for net income per Unit – basic and diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Denominator for net income per Unit – basic |  |  | 385,330 |  |  |  | 384,586 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dilution for Units issuable upon assumed exercise/vesting of the Company’s long-term compensation shares/units |  |  | 1,586 |  |  |  | 2,363 |
Denominator for net income per Unit – diluted |  |  | 386,916 |  |  |  | 386,949 |
Net income per Unit – basic |  | $ | 0.15 |  |  | $ | 0.83 |
Net income per Unit – diluted |  | $ | 0.15 |  |  | $ | 0.83 |

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1 2. | Commitments and Contingencies

The Company, as an owner of real estate, is subject to various Federal, state and local laws, including, but not limited to, rent regulations and environmental laws. Compliance by the Company with existing laws has not had a material adverse effect on the Company. However, the Company cannot predict the impact of new or changed laws or regulations, whether related to COVID-19 or otherwise, on its current properties or on properties that it may acquire in the future.

The Company does not believe there is any litigation pending or threatened against it that, individually or in the aggregate, may reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company.

As of March 31, 2021, the Company has two wholly owned projects and one partially owned project totaling 824 apartment units in various stages of development with remaining commitments to fund of approximately $126.8 million (inclusive of applicable construction mortgage and joint venture partner obligations) and estimated completion dates ranging through December 31, 2021.

As of March 31, 2021, the Company has two joint venture agreements with third-party partners for the consolidated development of multifamily rental properties, one of which is currently under construction as noted above. The development commitment to fund the project under construction is included in the development funding totals above. The joint venture agreements with each partner include a buy-sell provision that provides the right, but not the obligation, for the Company to acquire each respective partner’s interests or sell its interests at any time following the occurrence of certain pre-defined events described in the joint venture agreements. See Note 6 for additional discussion.

1 3. | Reportable Segments

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise that engage in business activities from which they may earn revenues and incur expenses and about which discrete financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker. The chief operating decision maker decides how resources are allocated and assesses performance on a recurring basis at least quarterly.

The Company’s primary business is the acquisition, development and management of multifamily residential properties, which includes the generation of rental and other related income through the leasing of apartment units to residents. The chief operating decision maker evaluates the Company’s operating performance geographically by market and both on a same store and non-same store basis. While the Company does maintain a non-residential presence, it accounts for approximately 3.8% of total revenues for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 and is designed as an amenity for our residential residents. The chief operating decision maker evaluates the performance of each property on a consolidated residential and non-residential basis. The Company’s geographic consolidated same store operating segments represent its reportable segments.

The Company’s development activities are other business activities that do not constitute an operating segment and as such, have been aggregated in the “Other” category in the tables presented below.

All revenues are from external customers and there is no customer who contributed 10% or more of the Company’s total revenues during the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The primary financial measure for the Company’s rental real estate segment is net operating income (“NOI”), which represents rental income less: 1) property and maintenance expense and 2) real estate taxes and insurance expense (all as reflected in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income). The Company believes that NOI is helpful to investors as a supplemental measure of its operating performance because it is a direct measure of the actual operating results of the Company’s apartment properties. Revenues for all leases are reflected on a straight-line basis in accordance with GAAP for the current and comparable periods.

The following table presents a reconciliation of NOI from our rental real estate for the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively (amounts in thousands):

|  | Quarter Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Rental income |  | $ | 597,602 |  |  | $ | 682,305 |
Property and maintenance expense |  |  | (117,054 | ) |  |  | (115,816 | )
Real estate taxes and insurance expense |  |  | (103,470 | ) |  |  | (97,732 | )
Total operating expenses |  |  | (220,524 | ) |  |  | (213,548 | )
Net operating income |  | $ | 377,078 |  |  | $ | 468,757 |

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The following tables present NOI for each segment from our rental real estate for the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, as well as total assets and capital expenditures at March 31, 2021 (amounts in thousands):

|  | Quarter Ended March 31, 2021 |  |  | Quarter Ended March 31, 2020 |
|  | Rental Income |  |  | Operating Expenses |  |  | NOI |  |  | Rental Income |  |  | Operating Expenses |  |  | NOI |
Same store (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Los Angeles |  | $ | 116,345 |  |  | $ | 39,201 |  |  | $ | 77,144 |  |  | $ | 126,495 |  |  | $ | 38,837 |  |  | $ | 87,658 |
Orange County |  |  | 25,841 |  |  |  | 6,336 |  |  |  | 19,505 |  |  |  | 26,695 |  |  |  | 6,172 |  |  |  | 20,523 |
San Diego |  |  | 18,740 |  |  |  | 4,639 |  |  |  | 14,101 |  |  |  | 18,777 |  |  |  | 4,585 |  |  |  | 14,192 |
Subtotal - Southern California |  |  | 160,926 |  |  |  | 50,176 |  |  |  | 110,750 |  |  |  | 171,967 |  |  |  | 49,594 |  |  |  | 122,373 |
San Francisco |  |  | 105,332 |  |  |  | 33,275 |  |  |  | 72,057 |  |  |  | 125,102 |  |  |  | 31,796 |  |  |  | 93,306 |
Washington D.C. |  |  | 99,117 |  |  |  | 33,321 |  |  |  | 65,796 |  |  |  | 104,718 |  |  |  | 32,103 |  |  |  | 72,615 |
New York |  |  | 99,754 |  |  |  | 53,076 |  |  |  | 46,678 |  |  |  | 118,025 |  |  |  | 50,909 |  |  |  | 67,116 |
Seattle |  |  | 61,709 |  |  |  | 19,799 |  |  |  | 41,910 |  |  |  | 68,869 |  |  |  | 18,683 |  |  |  | 50,186 |
Boston |  |  | 56,606 |  |  |  | 19,374 |  |  |  | 37,232 |  |  |  | 63,683 |  |  |  | 18,327 |  |  |  | 45,356 |
Denver |  |  | 9,344 |  |  |  | 3,031 |  |  |  | 6,313 |  |  |  | 9,657 |  |  |  | 2,789 |  |  |  | 6,868 |
Total same store |  |  | 592,788 |  |  |  | 212,052 |  |  |  | 380,736 |  |  |  | 662,021 |  |  |  | 204,201 |  |  |  | 457,820 |
Non-same store/other (2) (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-same store |  |  | 4,660 |  |  |  | 1,445 |  |  |  | 3,215 |  |  |  | 4,163 |  |  |  | 1,246 |  |  |  | 2,917 |
Other (3) |  |  | 154 |  |  |  | 7,027 |  |  |  | (6,873 | ) |  |  | 16,121 |  |  |  | 8,101 |  |  |  | 8,020 |
Total non-same store/other |  |  | 4,814 |  |  |  | 8,472 |  |  |  | (3,658 | ) |  |  | 20,284 |  |  |  | 9,347 |  |  |  | 10,937 |
Totals |  | $ | 597,602 |  |  | $ | 220,524 |  |  | $ | 377,078 |  |  | $ | 682,305 |  |  | $ | 213,548 |  |  | $ | 468,757 |

(1) | For the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, same store primarily includes all properties acquired or completed that were stabilized prior to January 1, 2020, less properties subsequently sold, which represented 77,060 apartment units.

(2) | For the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, non-same store primarily includes properties acquired after January 1, 2020, plus any properties in lease-up and not stabilized as of January 1, 2020.

(3) | Other includes development, other corporate operations and operations prior to disposition for properties sold.

|  | Quarter Ended March 31, 2021 |
|  | Total Assets |  |  | Capital Expenditures |
Same store (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Los Angeles |  | $ | 3,220,144 |  |  | $ | 4,666 |
Orange County |  |  | 384,585 |  |  |  | 1,056 |
San Diego |  |  | 240,071 |  |  |  | 679 |
Subtotal - Southern California |  |  | 3,844,800 |  |  |  | 6,401 |
San Francisco |  |  | 3,472,556 |  |  |  | 3,936 |
Washington D.C. |  |  | 3,323,572 |  |  |  | 6,325 |
New York |  |  | 3,971,142 |  |  |  | 5,993 |
Seattle |  |  | 2,010,532 |  |  |  | 2,139 |
Boston |  |  | 1,742,381 |  |  |  | 3,469 |
Denver |  |  | 507,264 |  |  |  | 355 |
Total same store |  |  | 18,872,247 |  |  |  | 28,618 |
Non-same store/other (2) (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-same store |  |  | 297,717 |  |  |  | 62 |
Other (3) |  |  | 999,051 |  |  |  | (1 | )
Total non-same store/other |  |  | 1,296,768 |  |  |  | 61 |
Totals |  | $ | 20,169,015 |  |  | $ | 28,679 |

(1) | Same store primarily includes all properties acquired or completed that were stabilized prior to January 1, 2020, less properties subsequently sold, which represented 77,060 apartment units.

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(2) | Non-same store primarily includes propertie s acquired after January 1, 20 20, plus any properties in lease-up and not stabilized as of January 1, 20 20.

(3) | Other includes development, other corporate operations and capital expenditures for properties sold.

1 4. | Subsequent Events

Subsequent to March 31, 2021, the Company:

| • | Sold two properties consisting of 333 apartment units for $123.8 million.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

For further information including definitions for capitalized terms not defined herein, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. In addition, please refer to the Definitions section below for various capitalized terms not immediately defined in this Item 2, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Forward-Looking Statements

Forward-looking statements are intended to be made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based on current expectations, estimates, projections and assumptions made by management. While the Company’s management believes the assumptions underlying its forward-looking statements are reasonable, such information is inherently subject to uncertainties and may involve certain risks, which could cause actual results, performance or achievements of the Company to differ materially from anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Many of these uncertainties and risks are difficult to predict and beyond management’s control, such as the current novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic (see below for further discussion). Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, results or events. The forward-looking statements contained herein are made as of the date hereof and the Company undertakes no obligation to update or supplement these forward-looking statements.

In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to risks related to the COVID-19 pandemic, many of which are unknown, including the duration and severity of the pandemic, the extent of the adverse health impact on the general population and on our residents, customers and employees in particular, its impact on the employment rate and the economy and the corresponding impact on our residents’ and tenants’ ability to pay their rent on time or at all, the impact on resident housing preferences especially for urban apartment living, the extent and impact of governmental responses, the rollout and effectiveness of vaccines and the impact of operational changes we have implemented and may implement in response to the pandemic.

Additional factors that might cause such differences are discussed in Part I of the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, particularly those under Item 1A, Risk Factors.

Forward-looking statements and related uncertainties are also included in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report. The 2021 guidance assumptions disclosed throughout this Item 2 are based on current expectations and are forward-looking.

Overview

Equity Residential (“EQR”) is committed to creating communities where people thrive. The Company, a member of the S&P 500, is focused on the acquisition, development and management of residential properties located in and around dynamic cities that attract high quality long-term renters. ERP Operating Limited Partnership (“ERPOP”) is focused on conducting the multifamily property business of EQR. EQR is a Maryland real estate investment trust (“REIT”) formed in March 1993 and ERPOP is an Illinois limited partnership formed in May 1993. References to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” mean collectively EQR, ERPOP and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by EQR and/or ERPOP. References to the “Operating Partnership” mean collectively ERPOP and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by ERPOP.

EQR is the general partner of, and as of March 31, 2021 owned an approximate 96.4% ownership interest in, ERPOP. All of the Company’s property ownership, development and related business operations are conducted through the Operating Partnership and EQR has no material assets or liabilities other than its investment in ERPOP. EQR issues equity from time to time, the net proceeds of which it is obligated to contribute to ERPOP, but does not have any indebtedness as all debt is incurred by the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership holds substantially all of the assets of the Company, including the Company’s ownership interests in its joint ventures. The Operating Partnership conducts the operations of the business and is structured as a partnership with no publicly traded equity.

The Company’s corporate headquarters is located in Chicago, Illinois and the Company also operates regional property management offices in each of its markets.

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Available Information

You may access our Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, our Current Reports on Form 8-K, our proxy statements and any amendments to any of those reports/statements we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) free of charge on our website, www.equityapartments.com. These reports/statements are made available on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we file them with the SEC. The information contained on our website, including any information referred to in this report as being available on our website, is not a part of or incorporated into this report.

Business Objectives and Operating and Investing Strategies

The Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s overall business objectives and operating and investing strategies have not changed from the information included in the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. As more fully discussed in the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, it continues to be the Company’s intention over time to further diversify its portfolio into select new markets that share similar characteristics as its current markets and to optimize the mix of the Company’s properties located in urban vs. dense suburban submarkets within its existing markets.

COVID-19 Impact

The Company's and the Operating Partnership's overall impact from the COVID-19 pandemic has not changed materially from the information included in the Company's and the Operating Partnership's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. As more fully discussed in the Company's and the Operating Partnership's Annual Report on Form 10-K, despite the impact of COVID-19, we continue to believe that the long-term prospects for our business remain strong. See the Results of Operations discussion below for additional information on how the COVID-19 pandemic is currently impacting our markets and operations.

Results of Operations

2021 Transactions

The Company did not acquire or sell any assets during the first quarter of 2021. See Note 4 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion regarding the Company’s real estate transactions.

The Company’s guidance assumes consolidated rental acquisitions will be approximately equal to consolidated rental dispositions for the full year ending December 31, 2021. We currently anticipate spending approximately $240.0 million on development costs during the year ending December 31, 2021, of which approximately $64.6 million was spent during the quarter ended March 31, 2021, primarily for properties currently under construction. Certain of these costs are expected to be funded by third-party construction mortgages and joint venture partner obligations. Work at all of our development projects continues with no material delays notwithstanding some brief disruptions from governmental construction moratoriums due to COVID-19.

Same Store Results

Properties that the Company owned and were stabilized (see definition below) for all of both of the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 (the “First Quarter 2021 Same Store Properties”), which represented 77,060 apartment units, drove the Company’s results of operations. The First Quarter 2021 Same Store Properties are discussed in the following paragraphs.

The Company’s primary financial measure for evaluating each of its apartment communities is net operating income (“NOI”). NOI represents rental income less direct property operating expenses (including real estate taxes and insurance). The Company believes that NOI is helpful to investors as a supplemental measure of its operating performance because it is a direct measure of the actual operating results of the Company’s apartment properties.

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The following tables provide a rollforward of the apartment units included in Same Store Properties and a reconciliation of apartment units included in Same Store Properties to those included in Total Properties for the quarter ended March 31, 2021:

|  | Quarter Ended March 31, 2021 |
|  | Properties |  |  | Apartment Units |
Same Store Properties at December 31, 2020 |  |  | 285 |  |  |  | 73,585 |
2019 acquisitions stabilized |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 3,323 |
Lease-up properties stabilized |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 222 |
Properties removed from same store (1) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (70 | )
Same Store Properties at March 31, 2021 |  |  | 297 |  |  |  | 77,060 |

|  | Quarter Ended March 31, 2021 |
|  | Properties |  |  | Apartment Units |
Same Store |  |  | 297 |  |  |  | 77,060 |
Non-Same Store: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2020 acquisitions |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 158 |
2019 acquisitions not yet stabilized |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 217 |
Properties removed from same store (1) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 70 |
Master-Leased properties (2) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 162 |
Lease-up properties not yet stabilized (3) |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 221 |
Other |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |
Total Non-Same Store |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 829 |
Total Properties and Apartment Units |  |  | 304 |  |  |  | 77,889 |

Note: Properties are considered “stabilized” when they have achieved 90% occupancy for three consecutive months. Properties are included in same store when they are stabilized for all of the current and comparable periods presented.

(1) | Citrus Suites in Santa Monica, California containing 70 apartment units was removed from the same store portfolio in the first quarter of 2021. The property was sold on April 15, 2021. In anticipation of the sale, the Company allowed the property’s Physical Occupancy to decline to 35.7% at March 31, 2021 in order to facilitate the purchaser’s ability to immediately begin an extensive renovation post-sale.

(2) | Consists of one property containing 162 apartment units that is wholly owned by the Company where the entire project is master-leased to a third-party corporate housing provider.

(3) | Consists of properties in various stages of lease-up and properties where lease-up has been completed but the properties were not stabilized for the comparable periods presented.

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The following tables present reconciliations of operating income per the consolidated statements of operations to NOI, along with rental income, operating expenses and NOI per the consolidated statements of operations allocated between same store and non-same store results (amounts in thousands):

|  | Quarter Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Operating income |  | $ | 135,560 |  |  | $ | 422,085 |
Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property management |  |  | 26,130 |  |  |  | 27,709 |
General and administrative |  |  | 15,383 |  |  |  | 14,518 |
Depreciation |  |  | 199,962 |  |  |  | 212,422 |
Net (gain) loss on sales of real estate properties |  |  | 43 |  |  |  | (207,977 | )
Total NOI |  | $ | 377,078 |  |  | $ | 468,757 |
Rental income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Same store |  | $ | 592,788 |  |  | $ | 662,021 |
Non-same store/other |  |  | 4,814 |  |  |  | 20,284 |
Total rental income |  |  | 597,602 |  |  |  | 682,305 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Same store |  |  | 212,052 |  |  |  | 204,201 |
Non-same store/other |  |  | 8,472 |  |  |  | 9,347 |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 220,524 |  |  |  | 213,548 |
NOI: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Same store |  |  | 380,736 |  |  |  | 457,820 |
Non-same store/other |  |  | (3,658 | ) |  |  | 10,937 |
Total NOI |  | $ | 377,078 |  |  | $ | 468,757 |

The following table provides comparative total same store results and statistics for the First Quarter 2021 Same Store Properties:

First Quarter 2021 vs. First Quarter 2020

Same Store Results/Statistics Including 77,060 Same Store Apartment Units

$ in thousands (except for Average Rental Rate)

First Quarter 2021 |  |  | First Quarter 2020 |
|  | Residential |  |  | % Change |  |  | Non- Residential |  |  | % Change |  |  | Total |  |  | % Change |  |  |  |  | Residential |  |  | Non- Residential |  |  | Total |
Revenues |  | $ | 570,927 |  |  |  | (10.6 | %) |  | $ | 21,861 |  | (1) |  | (6.3 | %) |  | $ | 592,788 |  |  |  | (10.5 | %) |  | Revenues |  | $ | 638,683 |  |  | $ | 23,338 |  |  | $ | 662,021 |
Expenses |  | $ | 205,959 |  |  |  | 3.9 | % |  | $ | 6,093 |  |  |  | 3.4 | % |  | $ | 212,052 |  |  |  | 3.8 | % |  | Expenses |  | $ | 198,306 |  |  | $ | 5,895 |  |  | $ | 204,201 |
NOI |  | $ | 364,968 |  |  |  | (17.1 | %) |  | $ | 15,768 |  |  |  | (9.6 | %) |  | $ | 380,736 |  |  |  | (16.8 | %) |  | NOI |  | $ | 440,377 |  |  | $ | 17,443 |  |  | $ | 457,820 |
Average Rental Rate |  | $ | 2,601 |  |  |  | (9.3 | %) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Average Rental Rate |  | $ | 2,867 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Physical Occupancy |  |  | 95.0 | % |  |  | (1.4 | %) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Physical Occupancy |  |  | 96.4 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Turnover |  |  | 9.9 | % |  |  | 0.2 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Turnover |  |  | 9.7 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Note: Same store revenues for all leases are reflected on a straight-line basis in accordance with GAAP for the current and comparable periods.

(1) | Changes in same store Non-Residential revenues are primarily driven by the deferral/abatement of rents, higher bad debt and lower parking income.

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The following table provides results and statistics related to our R esidential same store operations for the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:

First Quarter 2021 vs. First Quarter 2020

Same Store Residential Results/Statistics by Market

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Increase (Decrease) from Prior Year's Quarter |
Markets/Metro Areas |  | Apartment Units |  |  | Q1 2021 % of Actual NOI |  |  | Q1 2021 Average Rental Rate |  |  | Q1 2021 Weighted Average Physical Occupancy % |  |  | Q1 2021 Turnover |  |  | Revenues |  |  | Expenses |  |  | NOI |  |  | Average Rental Rate |  |  | Physical Occupancy |  |  | Turnover |
Los Angeles |  |  | 16,533 |  |  |  | 20.9 | % |  | $ | 2,423 |  |  |  | 95.8 | % |  |  | 10.1 | % |  |  | (8.1 | %) |  |  | 1.1 | % |  |  | (12.2 | %) |  |  | (7.9 | %) |  |  | (0.2 | %) |  |  | (1.0 | %)
Orange County |  |  | 4,028 |  |  |  | 5.3 | % |  |  | 2,205 |  |  |  | 97.0 | % |  |  | 7.8 | % |  |  | (3.2 | %) |  |  | 2.7 | % |  |  | (4.9 | %) |  |  | (3.3 | %) |  |  | 0.2 | % |  |  | (1.2 | %)
San Diego |  |  | 2,706 |  |  |  | 3.9 | % |  |  | 2,376 |  |  |  | 97.2 | % |  |  | 10.5 | % |  |  | (0.2 | %) |  |  | 1.2 | % |  |  | (0.6 | %) |  |  | (0.6 | %) |  |  | 0.4 | % |  |  | (0.8 | %)
Subtotal – Southern California |  |  | 23,267 |  |  |  | 30.1 | % |  |  | 2,380 |  |  |  | 96.2 | % |  |  | 9.7 | % |  |  | (6.5 | %) |  |  | 1.3 | % |  |  | (9.6 | %) |  |  | (6.4 | %) |  |  | (0.1 | %) |  |  | (1.1 | %)
San Francisco |  |  | 12,707 |  |  |  | 19.5 | % |  |  | 2,903 |  |  |  | 93.8 | % |  |  | 11.4 | % |  |  | (15.7 | %) |  |  | 4.7 | % |  |  | (22.6 | %) |  |  | (13.1 | %) |  |  | (2.9 | %) |  |  | 1.7 | %
Washington D.C. |  |  | 14,569 |  |  |  | 17.6 | % |  |  | 2,325 |  |  |  | 95.9 | % |  |  | 9.7 | % |  |  | (5.5 | %) |  |  | 4.0 | % |  |  | (9.6 | %) |  |  | (5.2 | %) |  |  | (0.3 | %) |  |  | 1.1 | %
New York |  |  | 9,606 |  |  |  | 11.0 | % |  |  | 3,464 |  |  |  | 91.4 | % |  |  | 8.3 | % |  |  | (16.9 | %) |  |  | 4.4 | % |  |  | (34.0 | %) |  |  | (12.2 | %) |  |  | (5.3 | %) |  |  | 1.1 | %
Seattle |  |  | 8,941 |  |  |  | 10.7 | % |  |  | 2,258 |  |  |  | 95.7 | % |  |  | 11.1 | % |  |  | (10.3 | %) |  |  | 6.0 | % |  |  | (16.5 | %) |  |  | (9.0 | %) |  |  | (1.4 | %) |  |  | 0.0 | %
Boston |  |  | 6,346 |  |  |  | 9.4 | % |  |  | 2,852 |  |  |  | 95.3 | % |  |  | 8.9 | % |  |  | (10.8 | %) |  |  | 4.9 | % |  |  | (17.2 | %) |  |  | (10.3 | %) |  |  | (0.5 | %) |  |  | (0.2 | %)
Denver |  |  | 1,624 |  |  |  | 1.7 | % |  |  | 1,984 |  |  |  | 96.1 | % |  |  | 12.3 | % |  |  | (2.7 | %) |  |  | 9.5 | % |  |  | (7.7 | %) |  |  | (3.4 | %) |  |  | 0.6 | % |  |  | (2.1 | %)
Total |  |  | 77,060 |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 2,601 |  |  |  | 95.0 | % |  |  | 9.9 | % |  |  | (10.6 | %) |  |  | 3.9 | % |  |  | (17.1 | %) |  |  | (9.3 | %) |  |  | (1.4 | %) |  |  | 0.2 | %

Note: The above table reflects Residential same store results only. Residential operations account for approximately 96.2% of total revenues for the quarter ended March 31, 2021.

The following table includes select operating metrics for Residential Same Store Properties:

|  | Q4 2020 |  |  | Q1 2021 |  |  | April 2021 (1) |
Physical Occupancy (2) |  |  | 94.4 | % |  |  | 95.6 | % |  |  | 96.0 | %
Percentage of Residents Renewing by quarter/month |  |  | 51.0 | % |  |  | 53.0 | % |  |  | 56.0 | %
New Lease Change |  |  | (20.5 | %) |  |  | (17.7 | %) |  |  | (11.4 | %)
Renewal Rate Achieved |  |  | (3.4 | %) |  |  | (5.1 | %) |  |  | (2.1 | %)
Blended Rate |  |  | (13.0 | %) |  |  | (12.1 | %) |  |  | (7.2 | %)

(1) | April 2021 results are preliminary.

(2) | Physical Occupancy is as of month-end December for Q4 2020, month-end March for Q1 2021 and as of April 22 for April 2021.

The following table provides guidance for our expected full year 2021 same store operating performance (includes Residential and Non-Residential):

|  | Revised Full Year 2021 |  | Previous Full Year 2021
Physical Occupancy |  | 95.0% to 96.0% |  | 94.8% to 95.8%
Revenue change |  | (8.0%) to (6.0%) |  | (9.0%) to (7.0%)
Expense change |  | 3.0% to 4.0% |  | 3.0% to 4.0%
NOI change |  | (13.0%) to (11.0%) |  | (15.0%) to (12.0%)

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Although the results for the first quarter of 2021 reflect the significant impact of the pandemic on our business, we continue to see substantial signs of improvement as cities begin to reopen and affluent renters return. Operating performance has improved ahead of expectations across our portfolio. Strong demand is driving improved Physical Occupancy in all of our markets and as a result we see the return of pricing power and the continued decline of Leasing Concessions across the portfolio. Non-Residential revenues also continue to benefit from reopening activities and have shown improvement driven by fewer rent abatements and less bad debt than originally anticipated. For these reasons, we believe our results will improve earlier in 2021 than previously anticipated. The Company remains focused on the following key operating drivers:

| • | Demand and Physical Occupancy – Strong demand through both the winter season and early spring characterized by elevated applications and move-in activity above the seasonal norms has fueled better-than-expected Physical Occupancy. Physical Occupancy of 96.0% on April 22, 2021 exceeded April 2020 levels for the first time since the beginning of the pandemic and is beginning to approach April 2019 levels. This strength in Physical Occupancy is contributing to our ability to focus on improving pricing.

| • | Renewal Rates and Percentage of Residents Renewing – We continue to experience negotiation pressure on Renewal Rate Achieved as we are still renewing residents who signed leases pre-pandemic. Outside of Southern California and Denver, our other markets still have net effective prices below prior year levels which puts pressure on renewal negotiations. This situation is improving weekly and we currently expect most of the markets to be positive by the end of May 2021. In terms of the quantity of renewals, the Percentage of Residents Renewing their leases stands at approximately 56% into April 2021. These levels remain below our historical average for this time of year, but they continue to steadily improve.

| • | Pricing – We have seen significant improvement in pricing (net of Leasing Concessions) since the end of the fourth quarter of 2020. This trend has been pervasive across our portfolio even in some of the harder hit markets like New York and San Francisco. We continue to test price sensitivity in every market by raising rents and reducing both the value and quantity of Leasing Concessions being granted. Monthly Leasing Concessions granted began to decline in March 2021. Leasing Concessions granted in February, March and April (preliminary) 2021 are $6.1 million, $4.9 million and $3.6 million, respectively. New Lease Change continues to improve as do Renewal Rates Achieved, which will contribute to improved Blended Rates.

The following table provides Physical Occupancy by geographic market for the First Quarter 2021 Same Store Properties:

Markets/Metro Areas |  | December 31, 2020 |  |  | March 31, 2021 |  |  | April 22, 2021 |
Boston |  |  | 94.7 | % |  |  | 95.5 | % |  |  | 96.3 | %
New York |  |  | 89.7 | % |  |  | 93.9 | % |  |  | 94.8 | %
Washington D.C. |  |  | 95.9 | % |  |  | 95.9 | % |  |  | 96.3 | %
Seattle |  |  | 95.4 | % |  |  | 95.5 | % |  |  | 95.4 | %
San Francisco |  |  | 93.0 | % |  |  | 95.0 | % |  |  | 95.3 | %
Los Angeles |  |  | 95.3 | % |  |  | 96.1 | % |  |  | 96.4 | %
Orange County |  |  | 96.6 | % |  |  | 97.6 | % |  |  | 97.8 | %
San Diego |  |  | 97.2 | % |  |  | 97.7 | % |  |  | 97.9 | %
Denver |  |  | 96.0 | % |  |  | 96.5 | % |  |  | 96.6 | %
Total |  |  | 94.4 | % |  |  | 95.6 | % |  |  | 96.0 | %

In summary, the pace of recovery is exceeding our prior expectations and early gains in both Physical Occupancy and pricing has positioned our portfolio well leading us to raise our same store revenue and NOI guidance for the full year 2021. See below for specific discussion on operating performance by geographic market:

| • | Boston – Performance has improved with solid leasing and reductions in Leasing Concession use. Physical Occupancy and pricing continued to significantly improve during the first quarter of 2021. We are also beginning to see early signs of students returning to this market which should continue to aid demand. The market is expected to experience some headwinds from new supply, particularly in the urban core where we are still dealing with non-stabilized lease-ups from last year as well as a few newly constructed properties expected to begin lease-up in the back half of 2021.

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| • | New York – New York has seen improvement during the first quarter of 2021 which has continued into April 2021, with demand remaining elevated. Leasing Concessions have started to decline but remain a prevalent part of the marketing strategy in this market even while we are raising rents. Physical Occupancy and pricing have significantly improved during the first quarter of 2021. Percentage of Residents Renewing for March 2021 is 58%. Our focus for New York continues to be recapturing Physical Occupancy and rate while lowering, or eliminating, Leasing Concessions.

| • | Washington, D.C. – Washington, D.C. has shown relatively steady performance throughout the pandemic and shows good momentum heading into peak leasing season. Physical Occupancy held up better in this market than in any of our other East Coast markets and pricing has continued to improve. Thus far, despite the pandemic, absorption of new supply has generally remained healthy but continued absorption of additional new supply will be a determining factor of performance for the remainder of 2021.

| • | Seattle – Physical Occupancy started to recover and pricing has improved significantly during the first quarter of 2021, though the market has experienced temporary periods of price resistance.

| • | San Francisco – San Francisco’s pace of recovery is ahead of expectations. Leasing activity remains elevated and demand is strong. Leasing Concession use has pulled back notably with pricing improving significantly since the end of 2020. Physical Occupancy is now over 95%, 2.3 percentage points higher since the end of 2020.

| • | Los Angeles – Los Angeles has shown resilience and signs of strengthening as Physical Occupancy and pricing have been relatively stable throughout the pandemic. Leasing Concession use is limited. Bad debt in Los Angeles remains the most elevated in our portfolio. We continue to work with our residents to apply for federally sponsored rental assistance.

| • | Orange County and San Diego – Both markets continue to stand out in terms of performance. Physical Occupancy and pricing have remained strong during the pandemic and continue to improve. Percentage of Residents Renewing in Orange County has surpassed pre-pandemic levels and we have very limited Leasing Concession usage in both of these markets.

| • | Denver – While still a relatively small market for the Company, this portfolio is delivering solid and steady performance. Demand remains strong across the market although pricing pressure and widespread Leasing Concession use are common due to competition from new supply in the urban center. New supply will be elevated from 2020 levels but improved job growth should help drive absorption.

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As we head into our primary leasing season, we see considerable positive momentum in our operations and we expect to further reduce Leasing Concessions and increase rental rates in light of the strong demand we see across our markets.

Despite strong rent collections throughout the pandemic, the financial impact of a small subset of our residents and Non-Residential tenants not paying has led to higher levels of bad debt than we have historically experienced. We continue to work with our residents, including assisting them in applying for federally sponsored rental assistance, and Non-Residential tenants on meeting their financial obligations and our bad debt allowance policies remain consistent with those in place before the pandemic. We expect our reserves and bad debt expense to remain elevated in 2021. See Note 8 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion of leases at March 31, 2021.

The following table provides comparative same store operating expenses for the First Quarter 2021 Same Store Properties:

First Quarter 2021 vs. First Quarter 2020

Total Same Store Operating Expenses Including 77,060 Same Store Apartment Units

$ in thousands

|  | Q1 2021 |  |  | Q1 2020 |  |  | $ Change (5) |  |  | % Change |  |  | % of Q1 2021 Operating Expenses |
Real estate taxes |  | $ | 90,767 |  |  | $ | 88,323 |  |  | $ | 2,444 |  |  |  | 2.8 | % |  |  | 42.8 | %
On-site payroll (1) |  |  | 42,993 |  |  |  | 43,009 |  |  |  | (16 | ) |  |  | 0.0 | % |  |  | 20.3 | %
Utilities (2) |  |  | 29,945 |  |  |  | 27,674 |  |  |  | 2,271 |  |  |  | 8.2 | % |  |  | 14.1 | %
Repairs and maintenance (3) |  |  | 25,835 |  |  |  | 23,439 |  |  |  | 2,396 |  |  |  | 10.2 | % |  |  | 12.2 | %
Insurance |  |  | 7,040 |  |  |  | 6,321 |  |  |  | 719 |  |  |  | 11.4 | % |  |  | 3.3 | %
Leasing and advertising |  |  | 2,803 |  |  |  | 2,337 |  |  |  | 466 |  |  |  | 19.9 | % |  |  | 1.3 | %
Other on-site operating expenses (4) |  |  | 12,669 |  |  |  | 13,098 |  |  |  | (429 | ) |  |  | (3.3 | )% |  |  | 6.0 | %
Total Same Store Operating Expenses (includes Residential and Non-Residential) |  | $ | 212,052 |  |  | $ | 204,201 |  |  | $ | 7,851 |  |  |  | 3.8 | % |  |  | 100.0 | %

(1) | On-site payroll – Includes payroll and related expenses for on-site personnel including property managers, leasing consultants and maintenance staff.

(2) | Utilities – Represents gross expenses prior to any recoveries under the Resident Utility Billing System (“RUBS”). Recoveries are reflected in rental income.

(3) | Repairs and maintenance – Includes general maintenance costs, apartment unit turnover costs including interior painting, routine landscaping, security, exterminating, fire protection, snow removal, elevator, roof and parking lot repairs and other miscellaneous building repair and maintenance costs.

(4) | Other on-site operating expenses – Includes ground lease costs and administrative costs such as office supplies, telephone and data charges and association and business licensing fees.

(5) | The quarter-over-quarter changes were primarily affected by the following factors:

| • | Real estate taxes – Increase is lower than prior expectations due to lower rates and assessed values.

| • | On-site payroll – Improved sales and service staff utilization from various technology initiatives offset other general payroll pressures.

| • | Utilities – Increase driven by higher usage of water, sewer and trash.

| • | Repairs and maintenance – Increase primarily driven by non-comparable items like greater snowfall on the East Coast and higher turnover expense from accelerated leasing as well as increases in minimum wage on contract services.

| • | Insurance – Increase due to higher premiums on property insurance renewal due to challenging conditions in the insurance market.

| • | Leasing and advertising – Increase due primarily to increased digital advertising and selective use of outside broker fees on targeted leasing activity.

| • | Other on-site operating expenses – Decrease primarily driven by lower ground lease costs due to a lease modification at one property.

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The Company now anticipates same store NOI to decline for the full year 2021 by approximately 13.0% to 11.0% (previously was anticipated to decline by approximately 15.0% to 12.0%) primarily driven by the expected improvement in same store revenues discussed above. We continue to anticipate same store expenses to increase between 3.0% to 4.0% for 2021 as compared to 2020. Given the continued uncertainty resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, we anticipate the possibility of greater variability around the midpoint, up or down, within these ranges than we would typically experience.

See also Note 13 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion regarding the Company’s segment disclosures.

Non-Same Store/Other Results

Non-same store/other NOI results for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 decreased approximately $14.6 million compared to the same period of 2020. These results consist primarily of properties acquired in calendar year 2020, operations from the Company’s development properties and operations prior to disposition from 2020 sold properties. This difference is due primarily to:

| • | A negative impact of lower NOI from development and newly stabilized development properties in lease-up of $0.1 million;

| • | A positive impact of higher NOI from non-stabilized properties acquired in 2019 and 2020 of $0.7 million;

| • | A negative impact of lower NOI from other non-same store properties (including one master-leased property) of $0.4 million; and

| • | A negative impact of lost NOI from 2020 dispositions of $11.4 million.

Comparison of the quarter ended March 31, 2021 to the quarter ended March 31, 2020

The following table presents a reconciliation of diluted earnings per share/unit for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 as compared to the same period in 2020:

|  | Quarter Ended March 31 |
Diluted earnings per share/unit for period ended 2020 |  | $ | 0.83 |
Property NOI |  |  | (0.23 | )
Interest expense |  |  | 0.05 |
Net gain/loss on property sales |  |  | (0.51 | )
Other |  |  | 0.01 |
Diluted earnings per share/unit for period ended 2021 |  | $ | 0.15 |

The decrease in consolidated NOI is primarily a result of the Company’s lower NOI from same store properties, largely due to the economic impact from the COVID-19 pandemic. The following table presents the changes in the components of consolidated NOI for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 as compared to the same period in 2020:

|  | Quarter Ended March 31, 2021 |
Consolidated rental income |  |  | (12.4 | %)
Consolidated operating expenses (1) |  |  | 3.3 | %
Consolidated NOI |  |  | (19.6 | %)

(1) | Consolidated operating expenses are comprised of property and maintenance and real estate taxes and insurance.

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Property management expenses include off-site expenses associated with the self-management of the Company’s properties as well as management fees paid to any third-party management companies. These expenses decreased approximately $1.6 million or 5.7% during the quarter ended March 31, 2021 as compared to the prior year period. This decrease is primarily attributable to decreases in payroll-related costs, travel costs and legal and professional fees, partially offset by increases in information technology related costs specifically for various operating initiatives such as sales-focused improvements and service enhancements. The Company anticipates that property management expenses will approximate $96.5 million to $98.5 million for the year ending December 31, 2021.

General and administrative expenses, which include corporate operating expenses, increased approximately $0.9 million or 6.0% during the quarter ended March 31, 2021 as compared to the prior year period, primarily due to increases in payroll-related costs, partially offset by decreases in office rent as a result of the consolidation of space at the Company’s corporate headquarters. The Company anticipates that general and administrative expenses will approximate $53.0 million to $55.0 million for the year ending December 31, 2021.

Depreciation expense, which includes depreciation on non-real estate assets, decreased approximately $12.5 million or 5.9% during the quarter ended March 31, 2021 as compared to the prior year period. This decrease is primarily due to in-place leases for 2019 acquisitions being fully depreciated as of December 31, 2020 and the Company being a net seller during 2020, which resulted in lower depreciation in the current period.

Net gain on sales of real estate properties decreased approximately $208.0 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2021 as compared to the prior year period, primarily as a result of no consolidated property sales in the first quarter of 2021 as compared to the sale of three consolidated apartment properties in the same period in 2020.

Interest and other income decreased approximately $1.7 million or 89.0% during the quarter ended March 31, 2021 as compared to the prior year period. The decrease is primarily due to $1.6 million in insurance/litigation settlement proceeds received during 2020 that did not occur in 2021.

Other expenses increased approximately $1.6 million or 62.3% for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 as compared to the prior year period, primarily due to a $2.2 million construction defect reserve being recorded in the current period, partially offset by a decrease in advocacy contributions.

Interest expense, including amortization of deferred financing costs, decreased approximately $18.1 million or 20.6% for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 as compared to the prior year period. The decrease is primarily due to lower overall debt balances outstanding as compared to the prior year period, as well as lower overall interest rates. The effective interest cost on all indebtedness, excluding debt extinguishment costs/prepayment penalties, for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 was 3.60% as compared to 3.95% for the prior year period. The Company capitalized interest of approximately $3.8 million and $1.8 million during the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company anticipates that interest expense, excluding debt extinguishment costs/prepayment penalties, will approximate $270.0 million to $276.5 million and capitalized interest will approximate $14.5 million to $16.5 million for the year ending December 31, 2021.

Net (income) loss attributable to Noncontrolling Interests in partially owned properties increased approximately $11.8 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2021 as compared to the prior year period, primarily as a result of noncontrolling interest allocations related to the sale of one partially owned apartment property in 2020 as compared to no sales in the same period in 2021.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

With approximately $2.0 billion in readily available liquidity, limited near-term maturities, very strong credit metrics and ample access to capital markets at low rates, the Company believes it is well positioned to meet its future obligations. See further discussion below.

Short-Term Liquidity and Cash Proceeds

The Company generally expects to meet its short-term liquidity requirements, including capital expenditures related to maintaining its existing properties and scheduled unsecured note and mortgage note repayments, through its working capital, net cash provided by operating activities and borrowings under the Company’s revolving credit facility and commercial paper program. Currently, the Company considers its cash provided by operating activities to be adequate to meet operating requirements and payments of distributions.

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The following table presents the Company’s balances for cash and cash equivalents, restricted deposits and the available borrowing capacity on its revolving credit facility a s of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (amounts in thousands):

|  | March 31, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 35,453 |  |  | $ | 42,591 |
Restricted deposits |  | $ | 62,383 |  |  | $ | 57,137 |
Unsecured revolving credit facility availability |  | $ | 1,969,301 |  |  | $ | 1,984,051 |

During the quarter ended March 31, 2021, the Company generated proceeds from various transactions, which included the following:

| • | Obtained $28.5 million in 3.58% fixed rate mortgage debt maturing on March 1, 2031; and

| • | Issued Common Shares related to share option exercises and ESPP purchases and received net proceeds of $24.6 million, which were contributed to the capital of the Operating Partnership in exchange for additional OP Units (on a one-for-one Common Share per OP Unit basis).

During the quarter ended March 31, 2021, the above proceeds along with net cash flow from operations and borrowings from the Company’s revolving line of credit and commercial paper program were primarily utilized to:

| • | Invest $64.6 million primarily in development projects; and

| • | Repay $61.8 million of mortgage loans (inclusive of scheduled principal repayments).

Credit Facility and Commercial Paper Program

The Company has a $2.5 billion unsecured revolving credit facility maturing November 1, 2024. The Company has the ability to increase available borrowings by an additional $750.0 million by adding lenders to the facility, obtaining the agreement of existing lenders to increase their commitments or incurring one or more term loans. The interest rate on advances under the facility will generally be LIBOR plus a spread (currently 0.775%), or based on bids received from the lending group, and the Company pays an annual facility fee (currently 0.125%). Both the spread and the facility fee are dependent on the Company’s senior unsecured credit rating.

The unsecured revolving credit agreement contains provisions that establish a process for entering into an amendment to replace LIBOR under certain circumstances, such as the anticipated phase-out of LIBOR by the end of 2021. At this time, it cannot be determined with certainty what interest rate(s) may succeed LIBOR, if any, and how any successor or alternative rates for LIBOR may affect borrowing costs or the availability of variable interest rate borrowings.

The Company may borrow up to a maximum of $1.0 billion under its commercial paper program subject to market conditions. The notes will be sold under customary terms in the United States commercial paper note market and will rank pari passu with all of the Company’s other unsecured senior indebtedness.

The Company limits its utilization of the revolving credit facility in order to maintain liquidity to support its $1.0 billion commercial paper program along with certain other obligations. The following table presents the availability on the Company’s unsecured revolving credit facility as of April 26, 2021 (amounts in thousands):

|  | April 26, 2021 |
Unsecured revolving credit facility commitment |  | $ | 2,500,000 |
Commercial paper balance outstanding |  |  | (800,000 | )
Unsecured revolving credit facility balance outstanding |  |  | — |
Other restricted amounts |  |  | (100,699 | )
Unsecured revolving credit facility availability |  | $ | 1,599,301 |

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Dividend Policy

The Company determines its dividends/distributions based on actual and projected financial conditions, the Company’s actual and projected liquidity and operating results, the Company’s projected cash needs for capital expenditures and other investment activities and such other factors as the Company’s Board of Trustees deems relevant. The Company declared a dividend/distribution for the first quarter of 2021 of $0.6025 per share/unit, consistent with the amount paid in 2020. All future dividends/distributions remain subject to the discretion of the Company’s Board of Trustees.

Total dividends/distributions paid in April 2021 amounted to $232.7 million (excluding distributions on Partially Owned Properties), which consisted of certain distributions declared during the quarter ended March 31, 2021.

Long-Term Financing and Capital Needs

The Company expects to meet its long-term liquidity requirements, such as lump sum unsecured note and mortgage debt maturities, property acquisitions and financing of development activities, through the issuance of secured and unsecured debt and equity securities (including additional OP Units), proceeds received from the disposition of certain properties and joint ventures, along with cash generated from operations after all distributions. The Company has a significant number of unencumbered properties available to secure additional mortgage borrowings should unsecured capital be unavailable or the cost of alternative sources of capital be too high. The value of and cash flow from these unencumbered properties are in excess of the requirements the Company must maintain in order to comply with covenants under its unsecured notes and line of credit. Of the $27.3 billion in investment in real estate on the Company’s balance sheet at March 31, 2021, $23.3 billion or 85.5% was unencumbered. However, there can be no assurances that these sources of capital will be available to the Company in the future on acceptable terms or otherwise.

EQR issues equity and guarantees certain debt of the Operating Partnership from time to time. EQR does not have any indebtedness as all debt is incurred by the Operating Partnership.

The Company’s total debt summary and debt maturity schedules as of March 31, 2021 are as follows:

Debt Summary as of March 31, 2021

($ in thousands)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Weighted |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Weighted |  |  | Average |
|  | Debt |  |  |  |  |  |  | Average |  |  | Maturities |
|  | Balances |  |  | % of Total |  |  | Rates |  |  | (years) |
Secured |  | $ | 2,270,700 |  |  |  | 28.3 | % |  |  | 3.18 | % |  |  | 6.1 |
Unsecured |  |  | 5,766,856 |  |  |  | 71.7 | % |  |  | 3.49 | % |  |  | 10.0 |
Total |  | $ | 8,037,556 |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 3.40 | % |  |  | 8.9 |
Fixed Rate Debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Secured – Conventional |  | $ | 1,899,917 |  |  |  | 23.7 | % |  |  | 3.70 | % |  |  | 4.7 |
Unsecured – Public |  |  | 5,337,103 |  |  |  | 66.4 | % |  |  | 3.77 | % |  |  | 10.8 |
Fixed Rate Debt |  |  | 7,237,020 |  |  |  | 90.1 | % |  |  | 3.75 | % |  |  | 9.1 |
Floating Rate Debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Secured – Conventional |  |  | 40,546 |  |  |  | 0.5 | % |  |  | 2.38 | % |  |  | 1.2 |
Secured – Tax Exempt |  |  | 330,237 |  |  |  | 4.1 | % |  |  | 0.45 | % |  |  | 15.4 |
Unsecured – Revolving Credit Facility |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3.6 |
Unsecured – Commercial Paper Program |  |  | 429,753 |  |  |  | 5.3 | % |  |  | 0.30 | % |  |  | — |
Floating Rate Debt |  |  | 800,536 |  |  |  | 9.9 | % |  |  | 0.45 | % |  |  | 6.7 |
Total |  | $ | 8,037,556 |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 3.40 | % |  |  | 8.9 |

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Debt Maturity Schedule as of March 31, 2021

($ in thousands)

Year |  | Fixed Rate |  |  | Floating Rate |  |  | Total |  |  | % of Total |  |  | Weighted Average Coupons on Fixed Rate Debt |  |  | Weighted Average Coupons on Total Debt |
2021 |  | $ | 5,593 |  |  | $ | 430,000 |  | (1) | $ | 435,593 |  |  |  | 5.4 | % |  |  | 3.27 | % |  |  | 0.32 | %
2022 |  |  | 264,185 |  |  |  | 40,846 |  |  |  | 305,031 |  |  |  | 3.8 | % |  |  | 3.25 | % |  |  | 3.12 | %
2023 |  |  | 1,325,588 |  |  |  | 3,500 |  |  |  | 1,329,088 |  |  |  | 16.4 | % |  |  | 3.74 | % |  |  | 3.73 | %
2024 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,100 |  |  |  | 6,100 |  |  |  | 0.1 | % |  | N/A |  |  |  | 0.06 | %
2025 |  |  | 450,000 |  |  |  | 8,200 |  |  |  | 458,200 |  |  |  | 5.6 | % |  |  | 3.38 | % |  |  | 3.32 | %
2026 |  |  | 592,025 |  |  |  | 9,000 |  |  |  | 601,025 |  |  |  | 7.4 | % |  |  | 3.58 | % |  |  | 3.53 | %
2027 |  |  | 400,000 |  |  |  | 9,800 |  |  |  | 409,800 |  |  |  | 5.0 | % |  |  | 3.25 | % |  |  | 3.17 | %
2028 |  |  | 900,000 |  |  |  | 10,700 |  |  |  | 910,700 |  |  |  | 11.2 | % |  |  | 3.79 | % |  |  | 3.75 | %
2029 |  |  | 888,120 |  |  |  | 11,500 |  |  |  | 899,620 |  |  |  | 11.1 | % |  |  | 3.30 | % |  |  | 3.26 | %
2030 |  |  | 1,095,000 |  |  |  | 12,600 |  |  |  | 1,107,600 |  |  |  | 13.6 | % |  |  | 2.55 | % |  |  | 2.52 | %
2031+ |  |  | 1,379,350 |  |  |  | 275,535 |  |  |  | 1,654,885 |  |  |  | 20.4 | % |  |  | 4.37 | % |  |  | 3.66 | %
Subtotal |  |  | 7,299,861 |  |  |  | 817,781 |  |  |  | 8,117,642 |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 3.55 | % |  |  | 3.23 | %
Deferred Financing Costs and Unamortized (Discount) |  |  | (62,841 | ) |  |  | (17,245 | ) |  |  | (80,086 | ) |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Total |  | $ | 7,237,020 |  |  | $ | 800,536 |  |  | $ | 8,037,556 |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 3.55 | % |  |  | 3.23 | %

(1) | Represents principal outstanding on the Company’s commercial paper program.

See Note 9 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion of debt at March 31, 2021.

ERPOP’s long-term senior debt ratings and short-term commercial paper ratings, as well as EQR’s long-term preferred equity ratings, have been reaffirmed during the COVID-19 pandemic by all three rating agencies listed below and all continue to maintain a stable outlook. As of April 26, 2021, the ratings are as follows:

|  | Standard & Poor’s |  | Moody’s |  | Fitch
ERPOP’s long-term senior debt rating |  | A- |  | A3 |  | A
ERPOP’s short-term commercial paper rating |  | A-2 |  | P-2 |  | F-1
EQR’s long-term preferred equity rating |  | BBB |  | Baa1 |  | BBB+

See Note 14 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for discussion of the events, if any, which occurred subsequent to March 31, 2021.

Debt Covenants

The Company’s unsecured debt includes certain financial and operating covenants including, among other things, maintenance of certain financial ratios. These provisions are contained in the indentures applicable to each note payable or the credit agreement for our line of credit. The Company was in compliance with its unsecured debt covenants for all periods presented. The following table presents the Company’s selected unsecured public debt covenants as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

|  | March 31, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
Debt to Adjusted Total Assets (not to exceed 60%) |  | 30.4% |  |  | 30.5% |
Secured Debt to Adjusted Total Assets (not to exceed 40%) |  | 9.4% |  |  | 9.6% |
Consolidated Income Available for Debt Service to Maximum Annual Service Charges (must be at least 1.5 to 1) |  |  | 5.30 |  |  | 5.42 |
Total Unencumbered Assets to Unsecured Debt (must be at least 125%) |  | 454.1% |  |  | 458.3% |

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Note: These selected covenants represent the most restrictive financial covenants relating to ERPOP’s outstanding public debt securities and are defined in the indenture relating to such securities. The Company maintains substantial additional borrowing capacity and, as reflected by the above selected covenant information, believes it could currently incur substantial additional debt before it would breach any of its debt covenants.

Capitalization of Fixed Assets and Improvements to Real Estate

The Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s capital expenditures policy has not changed from the information included in the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

For the quarter ended March 31, 2021, our actual capital expenditures to real estate included the following (amounts in thousands except for apartment unit and per apartment unit amounts):

Capital Expenditures to Real Estate

For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2021

|  | Same Store Properties (4) |  |  | Non-Same Store Properties/Other (5) |  |  | Total |  |  | Same Store Avg. Per Apartment Unit |
Total Apartment Units |  |  | 77,060 |  |  |  | 829 |  |  |  | 77,889 |  |  |  |  |
Building Improvements (1) |  | $ | 15,976 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 16,014 |  |  | $ | 207 |
Renovation Expenditures (2) |  |  | 5,261 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,261 |  |  |  | 68 |
Replacements (3) |  |  | 7,381 |  |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 7,404 |  |  |  | 96 |
Total Capital Expenditures to Real Estate |  | $ | 28,618 |  |  | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | 28,679 |  |  | $ | 371 |

(1) | Building Improvements – Includes roof replacement, paving, building mechanical equipment systems, exterior siding and painting, major landscaping, furniture, fixtures and equipment for amenities and common areas, vehicles and office and maintenance equipment.

(2) | Renovation Expenditures – Apartment unit renovation costs (primarily kitchens and baths) designed to reposition these units for higher rental levels in their respective markets. Amounts for 222 same store apartment units approximated $23,701 per apartment unit renovated.

(3) | Replacements – Includes appliances, mechanical equipment, fixtures and flooring (including hardwood and carpeting).

(4) | Same Store Properties – Primarily includes all properties acquired or completed that are stabilized prior to January 1, 2020, less properties subsequently sold.

(5) | Non-Same Store Properties/Other – Primarily includes all properties acquired during 2020 and 2021, plus any properties in lease-up and not stabilized as of January 1, 2020. Also includes capital expenditures for properties sold.

The Company estimates that during 2021 it will spend approximately $1,950 per same store apartment unit or $150.0 million of total capital expenditures to real estate for same store properties. Included in these total expected expenditures are approximately $25.0 million for apartment unit renovation expenditures on approximately 1,250 same store apartment units at an average cost of approximately $20,000 per apartment unit renovated. The anticipated total capital expenditures to real estate for same store properties represent a higher absolute and per unit dollar amount as compared to 2020 but a lower absolute and per unit dollar amount as compared to 2019, as the Company anticipates slowly returning its capital expenditure activity to more normalized pre-COVID-19 levels.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2021, the Company’s total non-real estate capital additions, such as computer software, computer equipment, and furniture and fixtures and leasehold improvements to the Company’s property management offices and its corporate offices, were approximately $0.6 million. The Company expects to fund approximately $1.5 million in total non-real estate capital additions for the remainder of 2021. These quarter-to-date and anticipated fundings are significantly lower than in 2020 primarily due to corporate office renovations completed during 2020.

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Derivative Instruments

In the normal course of business, the Company is exposed to the effect of interest rate changes. The Company may seek to manage these risks by following established risk management policies and procedures including the use of derivatives to hedge interest rate risk on debt instruments. The Company may also use derivatives to manage commodity prices in the daily operations of the business.

The Company has a policy of only entering into derivative contracts with major financial institutions based upon their credit ratings and other factors. When viewed in conjunction with the underlying and offsetting exposure that the derivatives are designed to hedge, the Company has not sustained a material loss from these instruments nor does it anticipate any material adverse effect on its net income or financial position in the future from the use of derivatives it currently has in place.

See Note 10 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion of derivative instruments at March 31, 2021.

Definitions

The definition of certain terms described above or below are as follows:

| • | Acquisition Cap Rate – NOI that the Company anticipates receiving in the next 12 months (or the year two or three stabilized NOI for properties that are in lease-up at acquisition) less an estimate of property management costs/management fees allocated to the project (generally ranging from 2.0% to 4.0% of revenues depending on the size and income streams of the asset) and less an estimate for in-the-unit replacement capital expenditures (generally ranging from $100-$450 per apartment unit depending on the age and condition of the asset) divided by the gross purchase price of the asset. The weighted average Acquisition Cap Rate for acquired properties is weighted based on the projected NOI streams and the relative purchase price for each respective property.

| • | Average Rental Rate – Total Residential rental revenues reflected on a straight-line basis in accordance with GAAP divided by the weighted average occupied apartment units for the reporting period presented.

| • | Blended Rate – The weighted average of New Lease Change and Renewal Rate Achieved.

| • | Development Yield – NOI that the Company anticipates receiving in the next 12 months following stabilization less an estimate of property management costs/management fees allocated to the project (generally ranging from 2.0% to 4.0% of revenues depending on the size and income streams of the asset) and less an estimate for in-the-unit replacement capital expenditures (generally ranging from $50-$150 per apartment unit depending on the type of asset) divided by the Total Budgeted Capital Cost of the asset. The weighted average Development Yield for development properties is weighted based on the projected NOI streams and the relative Total Budgeted Capital Cost for each respective property.

| • | Disposition Yield – NOI that the Company anticipates giving up in the next 12 months less an estimate of property management costs/management fees allocated to the project (generally ranging from 2.0% to 4.0% of revenues depending on the size and income streams of the asset) and less an estimate for in-the-unit replacement capital expenditures (generally ranging from $100-$450 per apartment unit depending on the age and condition of the asset) divided by the gross sales price of the asset. The weighted average Disposition Yield for sold properties is weighted based on the projected NOI streams and the relative sales price for each respective property.

| • | Leasing Concessions – Reflects upfront discounts on both new move-in and renewal leases on a straight-line basis.

| • | New Lease Change – The net effective change in rent (inclusive of Leasing Concessions) for a lease with a new or transferring resident compared to the rent for the prior lease of the identical apartment unit, regardless of lease term.

| • | Non-Residential – Consists of revenues and expenses from retail and public parking garage operations.

| • | Percentage of Residents Renewing – Leases renewed expressed as a percentage of total renewal offers extended during the reporting period.

| • | Physical Occupancy – The weighted average occupied apartment units for the reporting period divided by the average of total apartment units available for rent for the reporting period.

| • | Renewal Rate Achieved – The net effective change in rent (inclusive of Leasing Concessions) for a new lease on an apartment unit where the lease has been renewed as compared to the rent for the prior lease of the identical apartment unit, regardless of lease term.

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| • | Residential – Consists of multifamily apartment revenues and expenses.

| • | Same Store Residential Revenues – Revenues from our same store properties presented on a GAAP basis which reflects the impact of Leasing Concessions on a straight-line basis.

| • | % of Stabilized Budgeted NOI – Represents original budgeted 2021 NOI for stabilized properties and projected annual NOI at stabilization (defined as having achieved 90% occupancy for three consecutive months) for properties that are in lease-up.

| • | Traffic – Consists of an expression of interest in an apartment by completing an in-person tour, self-guided tour or virtual tour that may result in an application to lease.

| • | Turnover – Total Residential move-outs (including inter-property and intra-property transfers) divided by total Residential apartment units.

| • | Unlevered Internal Rate of Return (“IRR”) – The Unlevered IRR on sold properties is the compound annual rate of return calculated by the Company based on the timing and amount of: (i) the gross purchase price of the property plus any direct acquisition costs incurred by the Company; (ii) total revenues earned during the Company’s ownership period; (iii) total direct property operating expenses (including real estate taxes and insurance) incurred during the Company’s ownership period; (iv) capital expenditures incurred during the Company’s ownership period; and (v) the gross sales price of the property net of selling costs.

| • | Weighted Average Coupons – Contractual interest rate for each debt instrument weighted by principal balances as of March 31, 2021. In case of debt for which fair value hedges are in place, the rate payable under the corresponding derivatives is used in lieu of the contractual interest rate.

| • | Weighted Average Rates – Interest expense for each debt instrument for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 weighted by its average principal balance for the same period. Interest expense includes amortization of premiums, discounts and other comprehensive income on debt and related derivative instruments. In case of debt for which derivatives are in place, the income or expense recognized under the corresponding derivatives is included in the total interest expense for the period.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations

The Company has various unconsolidated interests in certain joint ventures. The Company does not believe that these unconsolidated investments have a materially different impact on its liquidity, cash flows, capital resources, credit or market risk than its consolidated operating and/or other activities. See also Note 6 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion regarding the Company’s investments in partially owned entities. See also Note 12 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for discussion regarding the Company’s development projects.

The Company’s contractual obligations for the next five years and thereafter have not changed materially from the amounts and disclosures included in the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. See the updated debt maturity schedule included in Liquidity and Capital Resources for further discussion.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s critical accounting policies and estimates have not changed from the information included in the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

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Funds From Operations and Normalized Funds From Operations

The following is the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s reconciliation of net income to FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units and Normalized FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units for the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:

Funds From Operations and Normalized Funds From Operations

(Amounts in thousands)

|  | Quarter Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Net income |  | $ | 60,364 |  |  | $ | 332,671 |
Net (income) loss attributable to Noncontrolling Interests – Partially Owned Properties |  |  | (682 | ) |  |  | (12,530 | )
Preferred/preference distributions |  |  | (773 | ) |  |  | (773 | )
Net income available to Common Shares and Units / Units |  |  | 58,909 |  |  |  | 319,368 |
Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation |  |  | 199,962 |  |  |  | 212,422 |
Depreciation – Non-real estate additions |  |  | (1,100 | ) |  |  | (1,287 | )
Depreciation – Partially Owned Properties |  |  | (828 | ) |  |  | (856 | )
Depreciation – Unconsolidated Properties |  |  | 617 |  |  |  | 613 |
Net (gain) loss on sales of unconsolidated entities - operating assets |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | — |
Net (gain) loss on sales of real estate properties |  |  | 43 |  |  |  | (207,977 | )
Noncontrolling Interests share of gain (loss) on sales of real estate properties |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,655 |
FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units (1) (3) (4) |  |  | 257,599 |  |  |  | 333,938 |
Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impairment – non-operating assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Write-off of pursuit costs |  |  | 1,331 |  |  |  | 1,627 |
Debt extinguishment and preferred share redemption (gains) losses |  |  | 264 |  |  |  | — |
Non-operating asset (gains) losses |  |  | 854 |  |  |  | 441 |
Other miscellaneous items |  |  | 2,242 |  |  |  | (918 | )
Normalized FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units (2) (3) (4) |  | $ | 262,290 |  |  | $ | 335,088 |
FFO (1) (3) |  | $ | 258,372 |  |  | $ | 334,711 |
Preferred/preference distributions |  |  | (773 | ) |  |  | (773 | )
FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units (1) (3) (4) |  | $ | 257,599 |  |  | $ | 333,938 |
Normalized FFO (2) (3) |  | $ | 263,063 |  |  | $ | 335,861 |
Preferred/preference distributions |  |  | (773 | ) |  |  | (773 | )
Normalized FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units (2) (3) (4) |  | $ | 262,290 |  |  | $ | 335,088 |

(1) | The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“Nareit”) defines funds from operations (“FFO”) (December 2018 White Paper) as net income (computed in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”)), excluding gains or losses from sales and impairment write-downs of depreciable real estate and land when connected to the main business of a REIT, impairment write-downs of investments in entities when the impairment is directly attributable to decreases in the value of depreciable real estate held by the entity and depreciation and amortization related to real estate. Adjustments for partially owned consolidated and unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures are calculated to reflect funds from operations on the same basis.

(2) | Normalized funds from operations (“Normalized FFO”) begins with FFO and excludes:

| • | the impact of any expenses relating to non-operating asset impairment;

| • | pursuit cost write-offs;

| • | gains and losses from early debt extinguishment and preferred share redemptions;

| • | gains and losses from non-operating assets; and

| • | other miscellaneous items.

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(3) | The Company believes that FFO and FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units are helpful to investors as supplemental measures of the operating performance of a real estate company, because they are recognized measures of performance by the real estate industry and by excluding gains or losses from sales and impairment write-downs of depreciable real estate and excluding depreciation related to real estate (which can vary among owners of identical assets in similar condition based on historical cost accounting and useful life estimates), FFO and FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units can help compare the operating performance of a company’s real estate between periods or as compared to different companies. The Company also believes that Normalized FFO and Normalized FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units are helpful to investors as supplemental measures of the operating performance of a real estate company because they allow investors to compare the Company’s operating performance to its performance in prior reporting periods and to the operating performance of other real estate companies without the effect of items that by their nature are not comparable from period to period and tend to obscure the Company’s actual operating results. FFO, FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units, Normalized FFO and Normalized FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units do not represent net income, net income available to Common Shares / Units or net cash flows from operating activities in accordance with GAAP. Therefore, FFO, FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units, Normalized FFO and Normalized FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units should not be exclusively considered as alternatives to net income, net income available to Common Shares / Units or net cash flows from operating activities as determined by GAAP or as a measure of liquidity. The Company’s calculation of FFO, FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units, Normalized FFO and Normalized FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units may differ from other real estate companies due to, among other items, variations in cost capitalization policies for capital expenditures and, accordingly, may not be comparable to such other real estate companies.

(4) | FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units and Normalized FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units are calculated on a basis consistent with net income available to Common Shares / Units and reflects adjustments to net income for preferred distributions and premiums on redemption of preferred shares/preference units in accordance with GAAP. The equity positions of various individuals and entities that contributed their properties to the Operating Partnership in exchange for OP Units are collectively referred to as the “Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership”. Subject to certain restrictions, the Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership may exchange their OP Units for Common Shares on a one-for-one basis.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s market risk has not changed materially from the amounts and information reported in Part II, Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk, to the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. See Note 10 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion of derivative and other fair value instruments.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Equity Residential

| (a) | Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures:

Effective as of March 31, 2021, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in its Exchange Act filings is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

| (b) | Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting:

There were no changes to the internal control over financial reporting of the Company identified in connection with the Company’s evaluation referred to above that occurred during the first quarter of 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

ERP Operating Limited Partnership

| (a) | Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures:

Effective as of March 31, 2021, the Operating Partnership carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Operating Partnership’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of EQR, of the effectiveness of the Operating Partnership’s disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Operating Partnership in its Exchange Act filings is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

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| (b) | Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting:

There were no changes to the internal control over financial reporting of the Operating Partnership identified in connection with the Operating Partnership’s evaluation referred to above that occurred during the first quarter of 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

As of March 31, 2021, the Company does not believe there is any litigation pending or threatened against it that, individually or in the aggregate, may reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors that were discussed in Part I, Item 1A of the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits – See the Exhibit Index.

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EXHIBIT INDEX

The exhibits listed below are filed as part of this report. References to exhibits or other filings under the caption “Location” indicate that the exhibit or other filing has been filed, that the indexed exhibit and the exhibit referred to are the same and that the exhibit referred to is incorporated by reference. The Commission file numbers for our Exchange Act filings referenced below are 1-12252 (Equity Residential) and 0-24920 (ERP Operating Limited Partnership).

Exhibit |  | Description |  | Location
10.1 |  | Seventh Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership for ERP Operating Limited Partnership, dated as of March 18, 2021 and effective as of January 1, 2020. |  | Included as Exhibit 10.1 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 8-K dated March 18, 2021, filed on March 24, 2021.
31.1 |  | Equity Residential – Certification of Mark J. Parrell, Chief Executive Officer. |  | Attached herein.
31.2 |  | Equity Residential – Certification of Robert A. Garechana, Chief Financial Officer. |  | Attached herein.
31.3 |  | ERP Operating Limited Partnership – Certification of Mark J. Parrell, Chief Executive Officer of Registrant’s General Partner. |  | Attached herein.
31.4 |  | ERP Operating Limited Partnership – Certification of Robert A. Garechana, Chief Financial Officer of Registrant’s General Partner. |  | Attached herein.
32.1 |  | Equity Residential – Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, of Mark J. Parrell, Chief Executive Officer of the Company. |  | Attached herein.
32.2 |  | Equity Residential – Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, of Robert A. Garechana, Chief Financial Officer of the Company. |  | Attached herein.
32.3 |  | ERP Operating Limited Partnership – Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, of Mark J. Parrell, Chief Executive Officer of Registrant’s General Partner. |  | Attached herein.
32.4 |  | ERP Operating Limited Partnership – Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, of Robert A. Garechana, Chief Financial Officer of Registrant’s General Partner. |  | Attached herein.
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. |  |
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. |  |
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. |  |
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. |  |
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. |  |
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. |  |
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document). |  |

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | EQUITY RESIDENTIAL
Date: | April 30, 2021 | By: |  | /s/ Robert A. Garechana
|  |  |  | Robert A. Garechana
|  |  |  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
|  |  |  | (Principal Financial Officer)
Date: | April 30, 2021 | By: |  | /s/ Ian S. Kaufman
|  |  |  | Ian S. Kaufman
|  |  |  | Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
|  |  |  | (Principal Accounting Officer)

|  | ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP BY: EQUITY RESIDENTIAL ITS GENERAL PARTNER
Date: | April 30, 2021 | By: |  | /s/ Robert A. Garechana
|  |  |  | Robert A. Garechana
|  |  |  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
|  |  |  | (Principal Financial Officer)
Date: | April 30, 2021 | By: |  | /s/ Ian S. Kaufman
|  |  |  | Ian S. Kaufman
|  |  |  | Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
|  |  |  | (Principal Accounting Officer)