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employee future benefits - Pensions funded status (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Funded Status - Planned surplus (deficit)    
Interest expense $ (17) $ (6)
Present value of the defined benefit obligations    
Funded Status - Planned surplus (deficit)    
Balance at beginning of year 9,419  
Balance at end of year 8,723 9,419
Pension plans    
Funded Status - Planned surplus (deficit)    
Balance at beginning of year 334  
Balance at end of year (57) 334
Pension plans | Present value of the defined benefit obligations    
Funded Status - Planned surplus (deficit)    
Balance at beginning of year 9,419 8,837
Current service cost 108 100
Past service cost 1 (2)
Interest expense 318 331
Actuarial (gain) loss arising from changes in demographic assumptions (62) 77
Actuarial (gain) loss arising from changes in financial assumptions (588) 526
Settlements (16)  
Benefits paid (457) (450)
Balance at end of year 8,723 9,419
Pension plans | Plan assets    
Funded Status - Planned surplus (deficit)    
Balance at beginning of year (9,195) (8,873)
Interest expense (306) (330)
Return on plan assets - Actual return on plan assets (less) greater than discount rate 51 (360)
Settlements 16  
Contributions - Employer contributions (52) (66)
Contributions - Employees' contributions (20) (22)
Benefits paid 457 450
Administrative fees 6 6
Balance at end of year (9,043) (9,195)
Pension plans | Plan assets net of Effect of asset ceiling limit    
Funded Status - Planned surplus (deficit)    
Balance at beginning of year (9,085)  
Balance at end of year (8,780) (9,085)
Pension plans | Effect of asset ceiling limit    
Funded Status - Planned surplus (deficit)    
Balance at beginning of year 110 115
Change 153 (5)
Balance at end of year $ 263 $ 110