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restructuring and other costs

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2025

16	restructuring and other costs

(a)	Details of restructuring and other costs

With the objective of reducing ongoing costs, we incur associated incremental non-recurring restructuring costs, as further discussed in (b) following. We may also incur atypical charges when undertaking major or transformational changes to our business or operating models or during post-acquisition business integration. In other costs, we include incremental atypical external costs incurred in connection with business acquisition or disposition activity; significant litigation costs in respect of losses or settlements; and adverse retrospective regulatory decisions.

Restructuring and other costs presented in the Consolidated statements of income and other comprehensive income are as follows:


	Three months				Six months
Periods ended June 30 (millions)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Restructuring ¹ (b)
Goods and services purchased	$	42	$	41	$	76	$	138
Employee benefits expense		87		79		144		199
		129		120		220		337
Other (c)
Goods and services purchased		4		1		10		2
Total
Goods and services purchased		46		42		86		140
Employee benefits expense		87		79		144		199
	$	133	$	121	$	230	$	339

1	For the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2025, excludes real estate rationalization-related restructuring net impairments of property, plant and equipment of $1 (2024 – $31) and $4 (2024 – $99), respectively, which are included in depreciation.

(b)	Restructuring provisions

Employee-related provisions and other provisions, as presented in Note 25, include amounts for restructuring activities. In 2025, restructuring activities included ongoing and incremental efficiency initiatives, some involving employee - related costs and real estate rationalization. These initiatives were intended to enhance our long-term operating productivity and competitiveness.

(c)

Other

We incurred incremental external costs in connection with business acquisitions during the three - month and six - month periods ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. We have included in other costs the non-recurring atypical business integration expenditures associated with these business acquisitions, which qualify as neither restructuring costs nor part of the fair value of the net assets acquired.