Income and Expenses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

20	Income and expenses

i)	Other income


	2021		2020		2019
(in $ millions)	$		$		$
Government grant income		8		18		—
Others		4		15		14

		12		33		14

Government grant income was provided by the Singapore Government under the Job Support Scheme.

ii)	Other expenses


	2021		2020		2019
(in $ millions)	$		$		$
Impairment of goodwill (Note 6)		8		28		28
Others		3		12		2

		11		40		30

iii)	Expenses by nature

Total cost of revenue, sales and marketing expenses, general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses include expenses of the following nature:


	2021		2020		2019
(in $ millions)	$		$		$
Staff costs		1,019		639		600
Operation costs		462		425		545
Depreciation and amortization		345		387		647
Marketing expenses		177		65		111
Professional fees		82		56		60