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Stock-based Compensation | 9 Months Ended
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Jul. 02, 2016
Share-based Compensation, Allocation and Classification in Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Stock-Based Compensation | Stock-based Compensation We measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for restricted stock unit (RSU) awards based on the fair value of RSU awards on the date of grant. That cost is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award. Our equity incentive plan provides for grants of nonqualified and incentive stock options, common stock, restricted stock, RSUs and stock appreciation rights to employees, directors, officers and consultants. We award RSUs as the principal equity incentive awards, including certain performance-based awards that are earned based on achievement of performance criteria established by the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors. Each RSU represents the contingent right to receive one share of our common stock.
Restricted stock unit activity for the nine months ended July 2, 2016 | Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value (Per Share)
| (in thousands) |  |
Balance of outstanding restricted stock units October 1, 2015 | 3,654 |  |  | $ | 33.64 |
Granted | 2,465 |  |  | $ | 37.20 |
Vested | (1,794 | ) |  | $ | 30.06 |
Forfeited or not earned | (500 | ) |  | $ | 36.53 |
Balance of outstanding restricted stock units July 2, 2016 | 3,825 |  |  | $ | 37.23 |
| Restricted Stock Units
Grant Period | TSR Units (1) |  | Performance-based RSUs (2) |  | Service-based RSUs (2)
| (Number of Units in thousands)
First nine months of 2016 | 326 |  | 343 |  | 1,795
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(1) | The TSR units were granted to our executive officers pursuant to the terms described below.
(2) | The service-based RSUs were issued to employees, our executive officers and our directors. Executive officers may earn up to one or, for our CEO, two times the number of time-based RSUs (up to a maximum of 343,000 shares) if certain performance conditions are met. Of the service-based RSUs, approximately 64,000 shares will vest in one installment on or about the anniversary of the date of grant. Approximately 121,000 shares will vest in two substantially equal annual installments on or about the anniversary of the date of grant. All other service-based RSUs will vest in three substantially equal annual installments on or about the anniversary of the date of grant. The performance-based RSUs will vest in three substantially equal installments on the later of November 15, 2016, November 15, 2017 and November 15, 2018, or the date the Compensation Committee determines the extent to which the applicable performance criteria have been achieved.
In the first quarter of 2016, we granted the target performance-based TSR units ("target RSUs") shown in the table above to our executive officers. These RSUs are eligible to vest based upon our total shareholder return relative to a peer group (the “TSR units”), measured annually over a three year period. The number of TSR units to vest over the three year period will be determined based on the performance of PTC stock relative to the stock performance of an index of PTC peer companies established as of the grant date, as determined at the end of three measurement periods ending on September 30, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. The shares earned for each period will vest on November 15 following each measurement period, up to a maximum of two times the number of target RSUs (up to a maximum of 652,000 shares). No vesting will occur in a period unless an annual threshold requirement is achieved. The employee must remain employed by PTC through the applicable vest date for any RSUs to vest. If the return to PTC shareholders is negative but still meets or exceeds the peer group indexed return, a maximum of 100% of the target RSUs will vest for the measurement period. TSR units not earned in either of the first two measurement periods are eligible to be earned in the third measurement period. The weighted average fair value of the TSR units was $46.96 per target RSU on the grant date. The fair value of the TSR units was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model, a generally accepted statistical technique used to simulate a range of possible future stock prices for PTC and the peer group. The method uses a risk-neutral framework to model future stock price movements based upon the risk-free rate of return, the volatility of each entity, and the pairwise correlations of each entity being modeled. The fair value for each simulation is the product of the payout percentage determined by PTC’s TSR rank against the peer group, the projected price of PTC stock, and a discount factor based on the risk-free rate. The significant assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation model were as follows:
Average volatility of peer group | 28.1 | %
Risk free interest rate | 1.05 | %
Dividend yield | — | %
Compensation expense recorded for our stock-based awards was classified in our Consolidated Statements of Operations as follows:
| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| July 2, 2016 |  | July 4, 2015 |  | July 2, 2016 |  | July 4, 2015
| (in thousands)
Cost of software revenue | $ | 1,158 |  |  | $ | 1,133 |  |  | $ | 4,163 |  |  | $ | 3,158 |
Cost of professional services revenue | 1,342 |  |  | 1,317 |  |  | 4,072 |  |  | 4,510 |
Sales and marketing | 3,195 |  |  | 4,075 |  |  | 11,254 |  |  | 10,821 |
Research and development | 2,531 |  |  | 2,928 |  |  | 7,578 |  |  | 9,015 |
General and administrative | 5,570 |  |  | 4,618 |  |  | 24,754 |  |  | 10,631 |
Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | 13,796 |  |  | $ | 14,071 |  |  | $ | 51,821 |  |  | $ | 38,135 |
The stock-based compensation expense in the first quarter of 2016 included $10 million of expense related to modifications of certain performance-based RSUs previously granted under our long-term incentive programs. The Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors amended these equity awards due to the impact of changes in our business model and strategy and foreign currency on our financial results.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 40 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6418621&loc=d3e17540-113929 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 50 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=51659978&loc=d3e25284-112666 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5070-113901 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5047-113901 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5444-113901 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) -Number Topic 14 + Details
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