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Stock-based Compensation | 9 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2022
Share Based Compensation Allocation And Classification In Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Stock-Based Compensation | 4. Stock-based Compensation Our equity incentive plan provides for grants of nonqualified and incentive stock options, common stock, restricted stock, restricted stock units (RSUs) and stock appreciation rights to employees, directors, officers and consultants. We award RSUs as our principal equity incentive awards. The following table shows RSU activity for the nine months ended June 30, 2022:
(in thousands, except grant date fair value data) |  | Number of RSUs |  |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per RSU |
Balance of outstanding restricted stock units, October 1, 2021 |  |  | 3,217 |  |  | $ | 92.46 |
Granted(1) |  |  | 1,609 |  |  | $ | 114.18 |
Vested |  |  | (1,728 | ) |  | $ | 92.83 |
Forfeited or not earned |  |  | (318 | ) |  | $ | 98.55 |
Balance of outstanding restricted stock units, June 30, 2022 |  |  | 2,780 |  |  | $ | 104.93 |
(1) Restricted stock units granted includes 37 shares from prior period rTSR awards that were earned upon achievement of the performance criteria and vested in November 2021, and 87 shares from prior period Performance-based awards that were earned upon achievement of the performance criteria and vested in November 2021. The following table presents the number of RSU awards granted by award type:
(in thousands) |  | Nine months ended June 30, 2022 |
Performance-based RSUs(1) |  |  | 89 |
Service-based RSUs(2) |  |  | 1,320 |
Relative Total Shareholder Return RSUs(3) |  |  | 76 |
(1) The performance-based RSUs were granted to our executives and are eligible to vest based upon annual increasing performance measures over a three-year period. To the extent earned, those performance-based RSUs will vest in three substantially equal installments on November 15, 2022, November 15, 2023, and November 15, 2024, or the date the Compensation Committee determines the extent to which the applicable performance criteria have been achieved for each performance period. Up to a maximum of two times the number of RSUs can be earned (a maximum aggregate of 165 RSUs). (2) The service-based RSUs were granted to employees, including our executive officers. Substantially all service-based RSUs will vest in three substantially equal annual installments on or about the anniversary of the date of grant. (3) The relative Total Shareholder Return RSUs (rTSR RSUs) were granted to our executives and are eligible to vest based on the performance of PTC stock relative to the stock performance of an index of PTC peer companies established as of the grant date, as determined at the end of the measurement period ending on September 30, 2024. The RSUs earned will vest on November 15, 2024. Up to a maximum of two times the number of rTSR RSUs eligible to be earned for the period (up to a maximum aggregate of 152 RSUs) may vest. If the return to PTC shareholders is negative for the period but still meets or exceeds the peer group indexed return, a maximum of 100% of the rTSR RSUs may vest. The weighted-average fair value of the rTSR RSUs was 136.43 per target RSU on the grant date. The fair value of the rTSR RSUs was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The significant assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation model were as follows:
Average volatility of peer group |  |  | 34.67 | %
Risk free interest rate |  |  | 0.81 | %
Dividend yield |  |  | — | %
Compensation expense recorded for our stock-based awards is classified in our Consolidated Statements of Operations as follows:
(in thousands) |  | Three months ended |  |  | Nine months ended |
|  | June 30, 2022 |  |  | June 30, 2021 |  |  | June 30, 2022 |  |  | June 30, 2021 |
Cost of license revenue |  | $ | 338 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 413 |  |  | $ | 66 |
Cost of support and cloud services revenue |  |  | 2,544 |  |  |  | 2,611 |  |  |  | 8,183 |  |  |  | 7,222 |
Cost of professional services revenue |  |  | 5,547 |  |  |  | 2,457 |  |  |  | 10,069 |  |  |  | 6,746 |
Sales and marketing |  |  | 14,029 |  |  |  | 14,229 |  |  |  | 38,556 |  |  |  | 42,533 |
Research and development |  |  | 11,002 |  |  |  | 8,514 |  |  |  | 30,682 |  |  |  | 24,878 |
General and administrative |  |  | 15,960 |  |  |  | 15,231 |  |  |  | 45,380 |  |  |  | 52,451 |
Total stock-based compensation expense |  | $ | 49,420 |  |  | $ | 43,068 |  |  | $ | 133,283 |  |  | $ | 133,896 |
Stock-based compensation expense includes $1.6 million and $4.8 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2022, respectively, and $1.8 million and $5.6 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2021, respectively, related to our employee stock purchase plan.

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