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Financial Instruments
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Text block [abstract]  
Financial Instruments
34.
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
 
  a.
Fair value of financial instruments that are not measured at fair value
 
  1)
Fair value of financial instruments not measured at fair value but for which fair value is disclosed
Except bonds payable measured at amortized cost, the management considered that the carrying amounts of financial assets and financial liabilities not measured at fair value approximate their fair values. The carrying amounts and fair value of bonds payable as of December 31, 2020 and 2021 were as follows:
 
    
Carrying Amount
    
Fair Value
 
    
NT$
    
US$ (Note 4)
    
NT$
    
US$ (Note 4)
 
         
December 31, 2020
   $ 56,253,554               $ 56,448,769           
December 31, 2021
     52,267,337      $ 1,884,187        52,429,758      $ 1,890,042  
 
  2)
Fair value hierarchy
The aforementioned fair value hierarchy of bonds payable was Level 3 which was determined based on discounted cash flow analysis with the applicable yield curve for the duration. The significant unobservable inputs is discount rates that reflected the credit risk.
 
  b.
Fair value of financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis
 
  1)
Fair value hierarchy
 
    
Level 1
    
Level 2
    
Level 3
    
Total
 
    
NT$
    
NT$
    
NT$
    
NT$
 
         
December 31, 2020
            (retrospectively adjusted)            
                                   
         
Financial assets at FVTPL
                                   
Derivative financial assets
                                   
Forward exchange contracts
   $ —        $ 122,511      $ —        $ 122,511  
Swap contracts
     —          99,312        —          99,312  
Non-derivative
financial assets
                                   
Quoted ordinary shares
     4,064,438        —          —          4,064,438  
Private-placement funds
     —          —          1,124,754        1,124,754  
Contingent considerations
     —          —          387,790        387,790  
Unquoted preferred shares
     —          —          385,440        385,440  
Open-end
mutual funds
     339,338        —          —          339,338  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
         
     $ 4,403,776      $ 221,823      $ 1,897,984      $ 6,523,583  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
         
Financial assets at FVTOCI
                                   
Investments in equity instruments
                                   
Unquoted ordinary shares
   $ —        $ —        $ 567,377      $ 567,377  
Unquoted preferred shares
     —          —          151,329        151,329  
Limited partnership
     —          —          9,692        9,692  
Investments in debt instruments
                                   
Unsecured subordinate corporate bonds
     —          —          1,012,736        1,012,736  
Trade receivables, net
     —          —          626,413        626,413  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
         
     $ —        $ —        $ 2,367,547      $ 2,367,547  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
         
Financial liabilities at FVTPL
                                   
Derivative financial liabilities
                                   
Swap contracts
   $ —        $ 1,448,972      $ —        $ 1,448,972  
Target redemption forward contracts
     —          79,216        —          79,216  
Forward exchange contracts
     —          9,020        —          9,020  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
         
     $ —        $ 1,537,208      $ —        $ 1,537,208  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
    
Level 1
    
Level 2
    
Level 3
    
Total
 
    
NT$
    
US$
(Note 4)
    
NT$
    
US$
(Note 4)
    
NT$
    
US$
(Note 4)
    
NT$
    
US$
(Note 4)
 
                 
            December 31, 2021            
                                                                       
                 
Financial assets at FVTPL
                                                                       
Derivative financial assets
                                                                       
Swap contracts
   $ —        $ —        $ 85,629      $ 3,087      $ —        $ —        $ 85,629      $ 3,087  
Forward exchange contracts
     —          —          23,373        843        —          —          23,373        843  
Redemption option and put option of convertible bonds
     —          —          8,463        305        —          —          8,463        305  
Target redemption forward contracts
     —          —          500        18        —          —          500        18  
Non-derivative
financial assets
                                                                       
Quoted ordinary shares
     2,683,193        96,726        —          —          —          —          2,683,193        96,726  
Private-placement funds
     —          —          —          —          1,322,686        47,682        1,322,686        47,682  
Unquoted preferred shares
     —          —          —          —          583,270        21,026        583,270        21,026  
Conti
n
gent considerations
     —          —          —          —          394,943        14,237        394,943        14,237  
Open-end
mutual funds
     334,223        12,049        —          —          —          —          334,223        12,049  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
                 
     $ 3,017,416      $ 108,775      $ 117,965      $ 4,253      $ 2,300,899      $ 82,945      $ 5,436,280      $ 195,973  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
                 
Financial assets at FVTOCI
                                                                       
Investments in equity instruments
                                                                       
Unquoted ordinary shares
   $ —        $ —        $ —        $ —        $ 820,779      $ 29,588      $ 820,779      $ 29,588  
Quoted ordinary shares
     102,124        3,682        —          —          —          —          102,124        3,682  
Unquoted preferred shares
     —          —          —          —          11,245        405        11,245        405  
Limited partnership
     —          —          —          —          9,206        332        9,206        332  
Investments in debt instruments
                                                                       
Unsecured subordinate corporate bonds
     —          —          —          —          1,076,458        38,805        1,076,458        38,805  
Trade receivables, net
     —          —          —          —          6,092,462        219,627        6,092,462        219,627  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
                 
     $ 102,124      $ 3,682      $ —        $ —        $ 8,010,150      $ 288,757      $ 8,112,274      $ 292,439  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
                 
Financial liabilities at FVTPL
                                                                       
Derivative financial liabilities
                                                                       
Swap contracts
   $ —        $ —        $ 360,797      $ 13,006      $ —        $ —        $ 360,797      $ 13,006  
Forward exchange contracts
     —          —          56,863        2,050        —          —          56,863        2,050  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
                 
     $ —        $ —        $ 417,660      $ 15,056      $ —        $ —        $ 417,660      $ 15,056  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
For the financial assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis, there were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021.
 
  2)
Reconciliation of Level 3 fair value measurements of financial assets
 
For the year ended December 31, 2019
 
 
  
Financial

Assets at

FVTPL
 
 
Financial Assets at FVTOCI
 
 
 
 
            Financial Assets            
  
Equity

Instruments
 
 
Equity
Instruments
 
 
Debt
Instruments
 
 
Total
 
 
  
NT$
 
 
NT$
 
 
NT$
 
 
NT$
 
         
Balance at January 1
  
$
475,123
 
 
$
580,399
 
 
$
1,016,924
 
 
$
2,072,446
 
Recognized in profit or loss
  
 
3,431
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
3,431
 
Recognized in other comprehensive income
  
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Included in unrealized losses on financial assets at FVTOCI
  
 
—  
 
 
 
(216,121
 
 
(2,052
 
 
(218,173
Effects of foreign currency exchange
  
 
(14,368
 
 
(5,695
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(20,063
Net increase in trade receivables
  
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
3,171,205
 
 
 
3,171,205
 
Trade receivables factoring
  
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(1,141,515
 
 
(1,141,515
Purchases
  
 
541,528
 
 
 
409,985
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
951,513
 
Disposals
  
 
—  
 
 
 
(12,665
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(12,665
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31
  
$
1,005,714
 
 
$
755,903
 
 
$
3,044,562
 
 
$
4,806,179
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For the year ended December 31, 2020
 
 
  
Financial Assets at FVTPL
 
 
Financial Assets at FVTOCI
 
 
 
 
            Financial Assets            
  
Equity
Instruments
 
 
Debt
Instruments
 
 
Equity
Instruments
 
 
Debt
Instruments
 
 
Total
 
 
  
NT$
 
 
NT$
 
 
NT$
 
 
NT$
 
 
NT$
 
           
Balance at January 1
   $ 1,005,714     $ —       $ 755,903     $ 3,044,562     $ 4,806,179  
Recognized in profit or loss
     (17,941     —         —         —         (17,941 )
Recognized in other comprehensive income
                                        
Included in unrealized losses on financial assets at FVTOCI
     —         —         (149,856     (2,136     (151,992 )
Effects of foreign currency exchange
     (15,455     —         (15,562     —         (31,017 )
Net increase in trade receivables
     —         370,110       —         5,635,706       6,005,816  
Trade receivables factoring
     —         (370,110     —         (7,038,983     (7,409,093 )
Purchases
     893,234       —         259,168       —         1,152,402  
Disposals
     (329,370     —         (121,255     —         (450,625 )
Acquisition through business combinations
     387,790       —         —         —         387,790  
Exercise of call option
     (25,988     —         —         —         (25,988 )
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
           
Balance at December 31 (retrospectively adjusted)
   $ 1,897,984     $ —       $ 728,398     $ 1,639,149     $ 4,265,531  
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
For the year ended December 31, 2021
 
                                                                                                                         
    
Financial Assets at FVTPL
   
Financial Assets at FVTOCI
       
            Financial Assets            
  
Equity
Instruments
   
Debt
Instruments
   
Equity
Instruments
   
Debt
Instruments
   
Total
 
    
NT$
   
NT$
   
NT$
   
NT$
   
NT$
 
           
Balance at January 1 (retrospectively adjusted)
  
$
1,897,984
 
 
$
—  
 
 
$
728,398
 
 
$
1,639,149
 
 
$
4,265,531
 
Recognized in profit or loss
  
 
131,276
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
131,276
 
Recognized in other comprehensive income
                                        
Included in unrealized losses on financial assets at FVTOCI
  
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
129,726
 
 
 
63,722
 
 
 
193,448
 
Effects of foreign currency exchange
  
 
(79,614
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(4,508
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(84,122
Net increase in trade receivables
  
 
—  
 
 
 
3,269,782
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
14,940,539
 
 
 
18,210,321
 
Trade receivables factoring
  
 
—  
 
 
 
(3,269,782
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(9,474,490
 
 
(12,744,272
Purchases
  
 
459,046
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
32,246
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
491,292
 
Disposals
  
 
(107,793
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(14,873
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(122,666
Reclassify
  
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(29,758
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(29,758
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
           
Balance at December 31
  
$
2,300,899
 
 
$
 —  
 
 
$
841,231
 
 
$
7,168,920
 
 
$
10,311,050
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                         
    
Financial Assets at FVTPL
   
Financial Assets at FVTOCI
       
            Financial Assets            
  
Equity
Instruments
   
Debt
Instruments
   
Equity
Instruments
   
Debt
Instruments
   
Total
 
    
US$
(Note 4)
   
US$
(Note 4)
   
US$
(Note 4)
   
US$
(Note 4)
   
US$
(Note 4)
 
           
Balance at January 1
 (retrospect
ively adjusted)
  
$
68,421
 
 
$
—  
 
 
$
26,257
 
 
$
59,089
 
 
$
153,767
 
Recognized in profit or loss
  
 
4,732
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
4,732
 
Recognized in other comprehensive income
                                        
Included in unrealized losses on financial assets at FVTOCI
  
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
4,677
 
 
 
2,297
 
 
 
6,974
 
Effects of foreign currency exchange
  
 
(2,870
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(163
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(3,033
Net increase in trade receivables
  
 
—  
 
 
 
117,872
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
538,592
 
 
 
656,464
 
Trade receivables factoring
  
 
—  
 
 
 
(117,872
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(341,546
 
 
(459,418
Purchases
  
 
16,548
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
1,163
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
17,711
 
Disposals
  
 
(3,886
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(536
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(4,422
Reclassify
  
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(1,073
 
 
—  
 
 
 
(1,073
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
           
Balance at December 31
  
$
82,945
 
 
$
 —  
 
 
$
30,325
 
 
$
258,432
 
 
$
371,702
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
  3)
Valuation techniques and assumptions applied for the purpose of measuring fair value
 
  a)
Valuation techniques and inputs applied for the purpose of measuring Level 2 fair value measurement
 
Financial Instruments
  
Valuation Techniques and Inputs
   
Derivatives - swap contracts and forward exchange contracts    Discounted cash flows - Future cash flows are estimated based on observable forward exchange rates at balance sheet dates and contract forward exchange rates, discounted at rates that reflected the credit risk of various counterparties.
   
Derivatives - redemption option and put option of convertible bonds
   Option pricing models – Use of present value techniques and reflect the time value and intrinsic value of redemption option and put option.
   
Target redemption forward contracts    Valuation based on the spot exchange rate on the valuation date, the exercise price, the volatility in exchange rate, the contract period and the quoted risk free interest rate during the contract period.
 
  b)
Valuation techniques and inputs applied for the purpose of measuring Level 3 fair value measurement
 
The fair value of unquoted ordinary shares, unquoted preferred shares, limited partnership and private-placement funds were determined by using market approach and asset-based approach. The significant unobservable inputs were the discount rates for lack of marketability of 10% to 30%. If the discount rates for lack of marketability to the valuation model increased by 1% to reflect reasonably possible alternative assumptions while all other variables held constant, the fair value of the abovementioned investments would have decreased approximately by NT$9,700 thousand and NT$19,300 thousand (US$696 thousand) as of December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively.
The fair values of the unsecured subordinate corporate bonds were determined using income approach based on a discounted cash flow analysis. The significant unobservable input was the discount rate that reflects the credit risk of the counterparty. If the discount rate increased by 0.1% while all other variables held constant, the fair value of the bonds would have decreased approximately by NT$5,000 thousand and NT$4,000 thousand (US$144 thousand) as of December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively.
The fair value of accounts receivables measured at FVTOCI are determined based on the present value of future cash flows that reflect the credit risk of counterparties. Since the discount effect was not significant, the Group measured its fair value by using the nominal values.
The fair value of the contingent considerations were determined by using the Monte Carlo Simulation method. If the estimated net profit margin fails to reach the performance specified in the agreement, the Group could receive the contingent considerations according to the agreement, refer to Note 29 for business combinations.
 
  c.
Categories of financial instruments
 
    
December 31
 
    
2020

(Retrospectively
Adjusted)
    
2021
 
    
NT$
    
NT$
    
US$ (Note 4)
 
       
            Financial assets            
                          
       
FVTPL
                          
Mandatorily at FVTPL
   $ 6,523,583      $ 5,436,280      $ 195,973  
Measured at amortized cost (Note 1)
     147,521,583        200,732,680        7,236,218  
FVTOCI
                          
Equity instruments
     728,398        943,354        34,007  
Debt instruments
     1,012,736        1,076,458        38,805  
Trade receivables, net
     626,413        6,092,462        219,627  
       
            Financial liabilities            
                          
       
FVTPL
                          
Held for trading
     1,537,208        417,660        15,056  
Financial liabilities for hedging
     11,188,244        11,497,896        414,488  
Measured at amortized cost (Note 2)
     304,737,749        339,445,544        12,236,683  
 
  Note 1:
The balances included financial assets measured at amortized cost which comprised cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables and other financial assets.
 
  Note 2:
The balances included financial liabilities measured at amortized cost which comprised short-term borrowings, trade and other payables, bonds payable and long-term borrowings.
 
  d.
Financial risk management objectives and policies
The derivative instruments used by the Group were to mitigate risks arising from ordinary business operations. All derivative transactions entered into by the Group were designated as either hedging or trading. Derivative transactions entered into for hedging purposes must hedge risk against fluctuations in foreign exchange rates and interest rates arising from operating activities. The currencies and the amount of derivative instruments held by the Group must match its hedged assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies.
The Group’s risk management department monitored risks to mitigate risk exposures, reported unsettled position, transaction balances and related gains or losses to the Group’s chief financial officer on monthly basis.
 
  1)
Market risk
The Group’s activities exposed it primarily to the financial risks of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. Gains or losses arising from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates of a variety of derivative financial instruments were approximately offset by those of hedged items. Interest rate risk was not significant due to the cost of capital was expected to be fixed.
There had been no change to the Group’s exposure to market risks or the manner in which these risks were managed and measured.
 
  a)
Foreign currency exchange rate risk
The Group had sales and purchases as well as financing activities denominated in foreign currency which exposed the Group to foreign currency exchange rate risk. The Group entered into a variety of derivative financial instruments to hedge foreign currency exchange rate risk to minimize the fluctuations of assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies.
The carrying amounts of the Group’s foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities (including those eliminated upon consolidation) as well as derivative instruments which exposed the Group to foreign currency exchange rate risk at each balance sheet date are presented in Note
39
.
The Group was mainly subject to the impact from the exchange rate fluctuation in US$ and JPY against NT$, RMB or EUR. 1% fluctuation is used when reporting foreign currency exchange rate risk internally to key management personnel and represents management’s assessment of the reasonably possible change in foreign currency exchange rates. The sensitivity analysis included financial assets and liabilities and inter-company receivables and payables within the Group. The changes in profit before income tax due to a 1% change in US$ and JPY against NT$, RMB and EUR would be NT$82,000 thousand, NT$35,000 thousand and NT$38,000 thousand (US$1,370 thousand) for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. Hedging contracts and hedged items have been taken into account while measuring the changes in profit before income tax. The abovementioned sensitivity analysis mainly focused on the foreign currency monetary items at each balance sheet date. As the
period-end
exposure did not reflect the exposure for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, the abovementioned sensitivity analysis was unrepresentative of those respective years.
 
Hedge accounting
The Group’s hedging strategy was to lift borrowings denominated in foreign currencies to avoid exchange rate exposure from its investments in equity instruments denominated in foreign currencies (recognized under the line item of financial assets at FVTPL) and net investment in foreign subsidiary, USIFR, which has EUR as its functional currency. Those transactions were designated as fair value hedges and a hedge of net investment in foreign operation, respectively. Hedge adjustments were made to totally offset the foreign exchange gains or losses from those equity instruments denominated in foreign currencies and foreign operations when they were evaluated based on the exchange rates on each balance sheet date.
 
The hedge ineffectiveness in these hedging relationships arose from the material difference between the notional amounts of borrowings denominated in foreign currencies and the original investments in equity instruments denominated in foreign currencies and net investment in foreign operations. No other sources of ineffectiveness is expected to emerge from these hedging relationships.
 
December 31, 2020
 
Hedging Instrument/Hedged Items
  
Line item in
  
Carrying Amount
 
 
  
Balance sheet
  
Asset
 
  
Liability
 
 
  
 
  
NT$
 
  
NT$
 
Fair value hedge
  
  
 
                  
 
  
Borrowings denominated in foreign currencies/ Financial assets at FVTPL
   Financial liabilities for hedging - current    $ —        $ 3,307,018  
Hedge of net investment in foreign operation
   Financial liabilities for hedging - current      —          1,970,307  
Hedge of net investment in foreign operation
   Financial liabilities for hedging -
non-current
     —          5,910,919  
 
 
  
Change in Value Used for

Calculating Hedge Ineffectiveness
 
 
Accumulated Gains or

Losses in Other Equity
 
  
Carrying
Amount of
Hedged Item in
Fair Value
Hedge
 
  
Accumulated
Amount of Fair
Value Hedge
Adjustments on
Hedged Item
 
Hedging Instrument/Hedged Item
  
Hedging
Instrument
 
  
Hedged Item
 
 
Continuing
Hedges
 
 
Hedge
Accounting No
Longer Applied
 
  
Asset
 
  
Asset
 
 
  
NT$
 
  
NT$
 
 
NT$
 
 
NT$
 
  
NT$
 
  
NT$
 
Fair value hedge
  
  
 
 
  
  
Borrowings denominated in foreign currencies/ Financial assets at FVTPL
   $  157,842      $  (157,842   $ —       $  —        $  2,859,132      $  (142,217
Hedge of net investment in foreign operation
     574,824        (574,824     (574,824     —          —          —    
 
December 31, 2021
 
Hedging Instrument/Hedged Items
  
Line item in
  
Carrying Amount
 
 
  
Balance sheet
  
Asset
 
  
Liability
 
 
  
 
  
NT$
 
  
US$
(Note 4)
 
  
NT$
 
  
US$
(Note 4)
 
Fair value hedge
  
  
  
  
  
Borrowings denominated in foreign currencies/ Financial assets at FVTPL
   Financial liabilities for hedging - current    $ —        $ —        $ 2,954,921      $ 106,522  
Hedge of net investment in foreign operation
   Financial liabilities for hedging - current      —          —          3,762,044        135,618  
Hedge of net investment in foreign operation
   Financial liabilities for hedging -
non-current
     —          —          4,780,931        172,348  
 
 
  
Change in Value Used for

Calculating Hedge Ineffectiveness
 
  
Accumulated Gains or

Losses in Other Equity
 
  
Carrying
Amount of
Hedged Item in
Fair Value
Hedge
 
  
Accumulated
Amount of Fair
Value Hedge
Adjustments on
Hedged Item
 
Hedging Instrument/Hedged Item
  
Hedging
Instrument
 
 
Hedged
Item
 
  
Continuing
Hedges
 
  
Hedge
Accounting No
Longer Applied
 
  
Asset
 
  
Asset
 
 
  
NT$
 
 
NT$
 
  
NT$
 
  
NT$
 
  
NT$
 
  
NT$
 
Fair value hedge
  
 
  
  
  
  
Borrowings denominated in foreign currencies/ Financial assets at FVTPL
   $  94,145     $  (94,145)      $  —        $  —        $ 2,318,517      $  (236,362)  
Hedge of net investment in foreign operation
     (738,600     738,600        163,776        —          —          —    
 
 
 
Change in Value Used for

Calculating Hedge Ineffectiveness
 
 
Accumulated Gains or

Losses in Other Equity
 
 
Carrying
Amount of
Hedged Item in
Fair Value
Hedge
 
 
Accumulated
Amount of Fair
Value Hedge
Adjustments on
Hedged Item
 
Hedging Instrument/ Hedged Item
 
Hedging
Instrument
 
 
Hedged Item
 
 
Continuing
Hedges
 
 
Hedge
Accounting No
Longer Applied
 
 
Asset
 
 
Asset
 
 
 
US$ (Note 4)
 
 
US$ (Note 4)
 
 
US$ (Note 4)
 
 
US$ (Note 4)
 
 
US$ (Note 4)
 
 
US$ (Note 4)
 
Fair value hedge
 
 
 
 
 
 
Borrowings denominated in foreign currencies/ Financial assets at FVTPL
  $  3,394     $ (3,394   $  —       $  —       $ 83,580     $ (8,521
Hedge of net investment in foreign operation
    (26,626     26,626       5,904       —         —         —    
  b)
Interest rate risk
Except a portion of long-term borrowings and bonds payable at fixed interest rates, the Group was exposed to interest rate risk because group entities borrowed funds at floating interest rates. Changes in market interest rates led to variances in effective interest rates of borrowings from which the future cash flow fluctuations arise. The Group utilized financing instruments with low interest rates and favorable terms to maintain low financing cost, adequate banking facilities, as well as to hedge interest rate risk.
The carrying amounts of the Group’s financial assets and financial liabilities with exposure to interest rates at each balance sheet date were as follows:
 
    
December 31
 
    
2020
    
2021
 
    
NT$
    
NT$
    
US$ (Note 4)
 
       
Fair value interest rate risk
                          
Financial assets
   $ 5,049,005      $ 5,474,105      $ 197,336  
Financial liabilities
     56,599,417        76,206,394        2,747,166  
       
Cash flow interest rate risk
                          
Financial assets
     45,489,788        69,654,969        2,510,994  
Financial liabilities
     131,715,366        158,557,225        5,715,834  
For assets and liabilities with floating interest rates, a 100 basis point increase or decrease was used when reporting interest rate risk internally to key management personnel. If interest rates had been 100 basis points (1%) higher or lower and all other variables held constant, the Group’s profit before income tax for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 would have decreased or increased approximately
 
by NT$
1,232,000
 thousand, NT$
862,000
 thousand and NT$
959,000
thousand (US$
34,571
thousand), respectively. Hedging contracts and hedged items have been taken into account while measuring the changes in profit before income tax. The abovementioned sensitivity analysis mainly focused on the interest rate items at the end of each year. As the
year-end
exposure did not reflect the exposure for the years ended December 
31
,
2019
,
2020
and
2021
, the abovementioned sensitivity analysis was unrepresentative of those respective periods.
  c)
Other price risk
The Group was exposed to equity price risk through its investments in financial assets at FVTPL and financial assets at FVTOCI. If equity price was 1% higher or lower, profit before income tax for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 would have increased or decreased approximately by NT$51,000 thousand, NT$59,000 thousand and NT$49,000 thousand (US$1,766 thousand), respectively, and other comprehensive income before income tax for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 would have increased or decreased approximately by NT$8,000 thousand, NT$7,000 thousand and NT$9,000 thousand (US$324 thousand), respectively.
  2)
Credit risk
Credit risk refers to the risk that counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the Group. The Group’s credit risk arises from cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables and other financial assets. The Group’s maximum exposure to credit risk was the carrying amounts of financial assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, the Group’s five largest customers accounted for 27% and 33% of trade receivables, respectively. The Group transacts with a large number of unrelated customers and, thus, no concentration of credit risk was observed.
 
  3)
Liquidity risk
The Group manages liquidity risk by maintaining adequate working capital and banking facilities to fulfill the demand for cash flow used in the Group’s operation and capital expenditure. The Group also monitors its compliance with all the loan covenants. Liquidity risk is not considered to be significant.
In the table below, financial liabilities with a repayment on demand clause were included in the earliest time band regardless of the probability of counter-parties choosing to exercise their rights. The maturity dates for other
non-derivative
financial liabilities were based on the agreed repayment dates.
To the extent that interest flows are floating rate, the undiscounted amounts were derived from the interest rates at each balance sheet date.
 
December 31, 2020
 
    
On Demand or
Less than

1 Month
    
1 to 3
Months
    
3 Months
to

1 Year
    
1 to 5 Years
    
More than

5 Years
 
    
NT$
    
NT$
    
NT$
    
NT$
    
NT$
 
           
            Non-derivative
financial liabilities            
                                            
           
Non-interest
bearing
   $ 43,111,390      $ 44,122,659      $ 8,223,684      $ 319,510      $ 176,536  
Obligation under leases
     103,734        151,921        619,908        1,779,041        4,088,301  
Floating interest rate liabilities
     13,792,596        8,190,076        10,214,154        102,253,481        7,999,130  
Fixed interest rate liabilities
     11,895,281        528,290        3,349,614        46,900,450        5,631,522  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
           
     $ 68,903,001      $ 52,992,946      $ 22,407,360      $ 151,252,482      $ 17,895,489  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Further information for maturity analysis of obligation under leases was as follows:
 
    
Less than

1 Year
    
1 to 5
Years
    
5 to 10
Years
    
10 to 15 Years
    
15 to 20 Years
    
More than

20 Years
 
    
NT$
    
NT$
    
NT$
    
NT$
    
NT$
    
NT$
 
             
Obligation under leases
   $ 875,563      $ 1,779,041      $ 1,422,331      $ 776,735      $ 674,446      $ 1,214,789  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2021
 
    
On Demand or
Less than

1 Month
    
1 to 3 Months
    
3 Months to 1 Year
    
1 to 5 Years
    
More than

5 Years
 
    
NT$
    
NT$
    
NT$
    
NT$
    
NT$
 
           
            Non-derivative financial liabilities            
                                            
           
Non-interest
bearing
   $ 52,353,176      $ 48,140,652      $ 10,216,253      $ 291,480      $ 114,201  
Obligation under leases
     84,978        157,710        687,144        2,585,624        4,929,602  
Floating interest rate liabilities
     12,565,548        5,180,527        13,416,893        112,493,242        7,494,670  
Fixed interest rate liabilities
     10,262,781        3,093,668        12,978,593        43,555,458        5,479,867  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
           
     $ 75,266,483      $ 56,572,557      $ 37,298,883      $ 158,925,804      $ 18,018,340  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
    
On Demand or
Less than

1 Month
    
1 to 3 Months
    
3 Months to

1 Year
    
1 to 5 Years
    
More than

5 Years
 
    
US$ (Note 4)
    
US$ (Note 4)
    
US$ (Note 4)
    
US$ (Note 4)
    
US$ (Note 4)
 
           
            Non-derivative financial liabilities            
                                            
           
Non-interest
bearing
   $ 1,887,281      $ 1,735,424      $ 368,286      $ 10,508      $ 4,117  
Obligation under leases
     3,063        5,685        24,771        93,209        177,707  
Floating interest rate liabilities
     452,976        186,753        483,666        4,055,272        270,176  
Fixed interest rate liabilities
     369,963        111,524        467,866        1,570,132        197,544  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
           
     $ 2,713,283      $ 2,039,386      $ 1,344,589      $ 5,729,121      $ 649,544  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Further information for maturity analysis of obligation under leases was as follows:
 
                                                             
    
Less than

1 Year
    
1 to 5 Years
    
5 to 10 Years
    
10 to 15 Years
    
15 to 20 Years
    
More than

20 Years
 
    
NT$
    
NT$
    
NT$
    
NT$
    
NT$
    
NT$
 
             
Obligation under leases
  
$
929,832
 
  
$
2,585,624
 
  
$
1,731,995
 
  
$
883,335
 
  
$
802,765
 
  
$
1,511,507
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
             
    
Less than

1 Year
    
1 to 5 Years
    
5 to 10 Years
    
10 to 15 Years
    
15 to 20 Years
    
More than

20 Years
 
    
US$
(Note 4)
    
US$
(Note 4)
    
US$
(Note 4)
    
US$
(Note 4)
    
US$
(Note 4)
    
US$
(Note 4)
 
             
Obligation under leases
  
$
33,519
 
  
$
93,209
 
  
$
62,437
 
  
$
31,843
 
  
$
28,939
 
  
$
54,488
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
The amounts included above for floating interest rate instruments for
non-derivative
financial liabilities were subject to change if changes in floating interest rates differ from those estimates of interest rates determined at each balance sheet date.
The following table detailed the Group’s liquidity analysis for its derivative financial instruments. The table was based on the undiscounted contractual net cash inflows and outflows on derivative instruments settled on a net basis, and the undiscounted gross cash inflows and outflows on those derivatives that require gross settlement. When the amounts payable or receivable are not fixed, the amounts disclosed have been determined by reference to the projected interest rates as illustrated by the yield curves at each balance sheet date.
 
    
On Demand
or Less than

1 Month
   
1 to 3
Months
   
3 Months to

1 Year
   
More than
1 Year
 
    
NT$
   
NT$
   
NT$
       
         
            December 31, 2020            
                                
         
Net settled
                                
Forward exchange contracts
   $ 30,514     $ 18,429     $ —       $ —    
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
         
Gross settled
                                
Forward exchange contracts
                                
Inflows
   $ 8,862,682     $ 5,565,137     $ 531,336     $ —    
Outflows
     (8,798,238     (5,518,153     (526,880     —    
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
       64,444       46,984       4,456       —    
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
         
Swap contracts
                                
Inflows
     19,311,999       17,179,871       36,739,200       —    
Outflows
     (19,524,820     (17,486,997     (37,495,172     —    
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
       (212,821     (307,126     (755,972     —    
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
         
Target redemption forward contracts
                                
Inflows
     42,720       96,120       416,520       227,128  
Outflows
     (44,471     (100,060     (433,595     (236,081
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
       (1,751     (3,940     (17,075     (8,953
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
         
     $ (150,128   $ (264,082   $ (768,591   $ (8,953
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
  
On Demand or
Less than

1 Month
 
  
1 to 3 Months
 
  
3 Months to

1 Year
 
 
  
NT$
 
  
NT$
 
  
NT$
 
            December 31, 2021            
  
  
  
Net settled
  
  
  
Forward exchange contracts
   $ (21,379    $ (1,410    $ —    
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
       
Gross settled
                          
Forward exchange contracts
                          
Inflows
   $ 2,382,315      $ 6,817,411      $ 531,596  
Outflows
     (2,380,359      (6,784,689      (525,920
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
       1,956        32,722        5,676  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
       
Swap contracts
                          
Inflows
     23,759,435        21,272,450        37,841,805  
Outflows
     (23,814,701      (21,314,442      (37,965,438
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
       (55,266      (41,992      (123,633
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
       
Target redemption forward contracts
                          
Inflows
    19,376        43,596       33,216  
Outflows
     (18,845      (42,401      (32,243
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
       531        1,195        973  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
       
     $ (52,779    $ (8,075    $ (116,984
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
       
    
On Demand or
Less than

1 Month
    
1 to 3 Months
    
3 Months to
1 Year
 
    
US$ (Note 4)
    
US$ (Note 4)
    
US$ (Note 4)
 
       
            December 31, 2021            
                          
       
Net settled
                          
Forward exchange contracts
   $ (771    $ (51    $ —    
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
       
Gross settled
                          
Forward exchange contracts
                          
Inflows
   $ 85,880      $ 245,761      $ 19,164  
Outflows
     (85,810      (244,581      (18,959
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
       70        1,180        205  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
       
Swap contracts
                          
Inflows
     856,505        766,851       1,364,160  
Outflows
     (858,497      (768,365     (1,368,617
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
       (1,992      (1,514      (4,457
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
       
Target redemption forward contracts
                          
Inflows
     698        1,572        1,197  
Outflows
     (679      (1,529      (1,162
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
       19        43        35  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
       
     $ (1,903    $ (291    $ (4,217