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Retirement Benefit Plans | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Text block [abstract] |
Retirement Benefit Plans |
23. | RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS
| a. | Defined contribution plans
| 1) | The pension plan under the R.O.C. Labor Pension Act (“LPA”) for the Group’s R.O.C. resident employees is a government-managed defined contribution plan. Based on the LPA, the Company and its subsidiaries in R.O.C. makes monthly contributions to employees’ individual pension accounts at 6% of their monthly salaries.
| 2) | The subsidiaries of the Group located in countries other than R.O.C. also make contributions at various ranges according to relevant local regulations.
| b. | Defined benefit plans
| 1) | The Company and its subsidiaries in R.O.C. joined the defined benefit pension plan under the R.O.C. Labor Standards Law operated by the government. Pension benefits are calculated on the basis of the length of service and average monthly salaries of the last six months before retirement. The Company and its subsidiaries in R.O.C. make contributions based on a certain percentage of their domestic employees’ monthly salaries to a pension fund administered by the pension fund monitoring committee. Before the end of each year, the Company and its subsidiaries in R.O.C. assess the balance in the pension fund. If the balance in the pension fund is inadequate to pay retirement benefits for employees who conform to retirement requirements in the next year, the Company and its subsidiaries in R.O.C. are required to fund the difference in one appropriation that should be made by the end of March in the next year. Pension contributions are deposited in the Bank of Taiwan in the committee’s name and are managed by the Bureau of Labor Funds, Ministry of Labor (“the Bureau”); the Company and its subsidiaries in Taiwan have no right to influence the investment policy and strategy.
| 2) | Pension plans for certain subsidiaries of the Group stipulate that employees with service years exceeding agreed years are entitled to receive a lump-sum payment based on their length of service and the agreed salaries at the time of termination of employment.
| 3) | ASE, SPIL, ASE Test, Inc. and ASEE have pension plans for executive managers. Pension costs under the plans were NT$11,184 thousand, NT$32,836 thousand and NT$7,735 thousand (US$252 thousand) and the remeasurements under the plans were a gain of NT$279 thousand, a loss of NT$17,292 thousand, and a loss of NT$3,778 thousand (US$123 thousand) (recognized under the line item of net defined benefit liabilities) for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. Pension payments were NT$26,144 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2021 and 2022, accrued pension liabilities for executive managers were NT$369,999 thousand and NT381,512 thousand (US$12,415 thousand), respectively.
| 4) | The amounts included in the consolidated balance sheets arising from the Group’s obligation in respect of its defined benefit plans excluding those for executive managers were as follows:
|  | December 31 |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2022 |
|  | NT$ |  |  | NT$ |  |  | US$ (Note 4) |
Present value of the defined benefit obligation |  | $ | 11,424,860 |  |  | $ | 10,261,997 |  |  | $ | 333,941 |
Fair value of the plan assets |  |  | (5,863,264 | ) |  |  | (6,477,877 | ) |  |  | (210,800 | )
Present value of unfunded defined benefit obligation |  |  | 5,561,596 |  |  |  | 3,784,120 |  |  |  | 123,141 |
Recorded under other payables |  |  | (67,524 | ) |  |  | (88,983 | ) |  |  | (2,896 | )
Recorded under other non-current assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | 248,843 |  |  |  | 8,098 |
Net defined benefit liabilities |  | $ | 5,494,072 |  |  | $ | 3,943,980 |  |  | $ | 128,343 |
Movements in net defined benefit liabilities were as follows:
|  | Present Value of the Defined Benefit Obligation |  |  | Fair Value of the Plan Assets |  |  | Net Defined Benefit Liabilities (Assets) |
|  | NT$ |  |  | NT$ |  |  | NT$ |
Balance at January 1, 2020 |  | $ | 10,668,574 |  |  | $ | (5,742,178 | ) |  | $ | 4,926,396 |
Service cost |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current service cost |  |  | 193,693 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 193,693 |
Past service cost and gain on settlements |  |  | (25,891 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (25,891 | )
Net interest expense (income) |  |  | 119,314 |  |  |  | (81,114 | ) |  |  | 38,200 |
Recognized in profit or loss |  |  | 287,116 |  |  |  | (81,114 | ) |  |  | 206,002 |
Remeasurement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (109,616 | ) |  |  | (109,616 | )
Actuarial (gain) loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Changes in financial assumptions |  |  | 465,433 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 465,433 |
Experience adjustments |  |  | 281,661 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 281,661 |
Changes in demographic assumptions |  |  | (36,627 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (36,627 | )
Recognized in other comprehensive income |  |  | 710,467 |  |  |  | (109,616 | ) |  |  | 600,851 |
Contributions from the employer |  |  | — |  |  |  | (620,433 | ) |  |  | (620,433 | )
Benefits paid from |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
the pension fund |  |  | (552,430 | ) |  |  | 603,137 |  |  |  | 50,707 |
the Group |  |  | (14,520 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (14,520 | )
Assets extinguished on settlement |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,910 |  |  |  | 11,910 |
Business combinations |  |  | 1,018,480 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,018,480 |
Exchange differences on foreign plans |  |  | 41,458 |  |  |  | (24,011 | ) |  |  | 17,447 |
Balance at December 31, 2020 |  |  | 12,159,145 |  |  |  | (5,962,305 | ) |  |  | 6,196,840 |
|  | Present Value of the Defined Benefit Obligation |  |  | Fair Value of the Plan Assets |  |  | Net Defined Benefit Liabilities (Assets) |
|  | NT$ |  |  | NT$ |  |  | NT$ |
Service cost |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current service cost |  | $ | 173,307 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 173,307 |
Past service cost and gain on settlements |  |  | (10,284 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (10,284 | )
Net interest expense (income) |  |  | 78,501 |  |  |  | (59,761 | ) |  |  | 18,740 |
Recognized in profit or loss |  |  | 241,524 |  |  |  | (59,761 | ) |  |  | 181,763 |
Remeasurement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (42,636 | ) |  |  | (42,636 | )
Actuarial (gain) loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Changes in financial assumptions |  |  | (418,542 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (418,542 | )
Experience adjustments |  |  | 242,896 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 242,896 |
Changes in demographic assumptions |  |  | 160,156 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 160,156 |
Recognized in other comprehensive income |  |  | (15,490 | ) |  |  | (42,636 | ) |  |  | (58,126 | )
Contributions from the employer |  |  | — |  |  |  | (542,584 | ) |  |  | (542,584 | )
Benefits paid from |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
the pension fund |  |  | (556,419 | ) |  |  | 562,442 |  |  |  | 6,023 |
the Group |  |  | (80,603 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (80,603 | )
Business combinations |  |  | 46,291 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 46,291 |
Exchange differences on foreign plans |  |  | (369,588 | ) |  |  | 181,580 |  |  |  | (188,008 | )
Balance at December 31, 2021 |  |  | 11,424,860 |  |  |  | (5,863,264 | ) |  |  | 5,561,596 |
Service cost |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current service cost |  |  | 141,458 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 141,458 |
Past service cost and gain on settlements |  |  | (100 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (100 | )
Net interest expense (income) |  |  | 118,489 |  |  |  | (79,441 | ) |  |  | 39,048 |
Recognized in profit or loss |  |  | 259,847 |  |  |  | (79,441 | ) |  |  | 180,406 |
Remeasurement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (324,510 | ) |  |  | (324,510 | )
Actuarial (gain) loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Changes in financial assumptions |  |  | (1,053,680 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,053,680 | )
Experience adjustments |  |  | 217,658 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 217,658 |
Changes in demographic assumptions |  |  | (507 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (507 | )
Recognized in other comprehensive income |  |  | (836,529 | ) |  |  | (324,510 | ) |  |  | (1,161,039 | )
Contributions from the employer |  |  | — |  |  |  | (736,508 | ) |  |  | (736,508 | )
Benefits paid from |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
the pension fund |  |  | (571,930 | ) |  |  | 571,930 |  |  |  | — |
the Group |  |  | (115,695 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (115,695 | )
Assets extinguished on settlement |  |  | (2,920 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,920 | )
Exchange differences on foreign plans |  |  | 104,364 |  |  |  | (46,084 | ) |  |  | 58,280 |
Balance at December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 10,261,997 |  |  | $ | (6,477,877 | ) |  | $ | 3,784,120 |
|  | Present Value of the Defined Benefit Obligation |  |  | Fair Value of the Plan Assets |  |  | Net Defined Benefit Liabilities (Assets) |
|  | US$ (Note 4) |  |  | US$ (Note 4) |  |  | US$ (Note 4) |
Balance at January 1, 2022 |  | $ | 371,782 |  |  | $ | (190,799 | ) |  | $ | 180,983 |
Service cost |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current service cost |  |  | 4,603 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,603 |
Past service cost and gain on settlements |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3 | )
Net interest expense (income) |  |  | 3,856 |  |  |  | (2,585 | ) |  |  | 1,271 |
Recognized in profit or loss |  |  | 8,456 |  |  |  | (2,585 | ) |  |  | 5,871 |
Remeasurement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (10,560 | ) |  |  | (10,560 | )
Actuarial (gain) loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Changes in financial assumptions |  |  | (34,288 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (34,288 | )
Experience adjustments |  |  | 7,083 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,083 |
Changes in demographic assumptions |  |  | (17 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (17 | )
Recognized in other comprehensive income |  |  | (27,222 | ) |  |  | (10,560 | ) |  |  | (37,782 | )
Contributions from the employer |  |  | — |  |  |  | (23,967 | ) |  |  | (23,967 | )
Benefits paid from |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
the pension fund |  |  | (18,611 | ) |  |  | 18,611 |  |  |  | — |
the Group |  |  | (3,765 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,765 | )
Assets extinguished on settlement |  |  | (95 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (95 | )
Exchange differences on foreign plans |  |  | 3,396 |  |  |  | (1,500 | ) |  |  | 1,896 |
Balance at December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 333,941 |  |  | $ | (210,800 | ) |  | $ | 123,141 |
| 5) | The fair value of the plan assets by major categories at each balance sheet date was as follows:
|  | December 31 |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2022 |
|  | NT$ |  |  | NT$ |  |  | US$ (Note 4) |
Cash |  | $ | 2,267,223 |  |  | $ | 2,351,189 |  |  | $ | 76,511 |
Equity instruments |  |  | 2,334,180 |  |  |  | 2,839,966 |  |  |  | 92,417 |
Debt instruments |  |  | 1,039,412 |  |  |  | 1,079,917 |  |  |  | 35,142 |
Others |  |  | 222,449 |  |  |  | 206,805 |  |  |  | 6,730 |
Total |  | $ | 5,863,264 |  |  | $ | 6,477,877 |  |  | $ | 210,800 |
| 6) | Through the defined benefit plans under the Labor Standards Law of the R.O.C., the Group in R.O.C. are exposed to the following risks:
| a) | Investment risk
The plan assets are invested in equity and debt securities, bank deposits, etc. The investment is conducted at the discretion of the Bureau or under the mandated management. However, in accordance with relevant regulations, the return generated by plan assets should not be below the interest rate for a 2-year time deposit with local banks.
| b) | Interest risk
A decrease in the government bond interest rate will increase the present value of the defined benefit obligation; however, this will be partially offset by an increase in the return on the plan’s debt investments.
| c) | Salary risk
The present value of the defined benefit obligation is calculated by reference to the future salaries of plan participants. As such, an increase in the salary of the plan participants will increase the present value of the defined benefit obligation.
| 7) | The management of ASE Korea is responsible for the administration of the fund and determination of the investment strategies according to related local regulations. ASE Korea is responsible for the shortfall between the fund and the defined benefit obligation. The plan assets are investment in the certificates of deposits.
| 8) | The present value of the defined benefit obligation and the related current service cost and past service cost were measured using the Projected Unit Credit Method. Except the pension plans for executive managers, the key assumptions used for the actuarial valuations were as follow:
|  | December 31
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2022
Discount rates (%) |  |  | 0.05-3.31 |  |  | 0.05-5.63
Expected rates of salary increase (%) |  |  | 1.00-4.02 |  |  | 1.00-3.96
The sensitivity analysis below has been determined based on reasonably possible changes of the respective assumptions occurring at each balance sheet date, while holding all other assumptions constant.
|  | December 31 |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2022 |
|  | NT$ |  |  | NT$ |  |  | US$ (Note 4) |
Discount rate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
0.5% higher |  | $ | (548,265 | ) |  | $ | (437,529 | ) |  | $ | (14,238 | )
0.5% lower |  | $ | 593,980 |  |  | $ | 472,595 |  |  | $ | 15,379 |
Expected rates of salary increase |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
0.5% higher |  | $ | 538,689 |  |  | $ | 444,815 |  |  | $ | 14,475 |
0.5% lower |  | $ | (503,700 | ) |  | $ | (416,488 | ) |  | $ | (13,553 | )
The sensitivity analysis presented above may not be representative of the actual change in the defined benefit obligation as it is unlikely that the change in assumptions would occur in isolation of one another as some of the ass umpti ons may be correlated.
| 9) | Maturity analysis of undiscounted pension benefit
|  | December 31 |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2022 |
|  | NT$ |  |  | NT$ |  |  | US$ (Note 4) |
No later than 1 year |  | $ | 561,812 |  |  | $ | 646,243 |  |  | $ | 21,030 |
Later than 1 year but not later than 5 years |  |  | 2,593,560 |  |  |  | 2,760,990 |  |  |  | 89,847 |
Later than 5 years |  |  | 12,600,192 |  |  |  | 9,930,085 |  |  |  | 323,140 |
|  | $ | 15,755,564 |  |  | $ | 13,337,318 |  |  | $ | 434,017 |
The Group expected to make contributions of NT$595,871 thousand and NT$547,179 thousand (US$17,806 thousand) to the defined benefit plans in the next year starting from January 1, 2022 and 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2021 and 2022, the average duration of the defined benefit obligation excluding those for executive managers of the Group was 9 to 16 years and 6 to 13 years, respectively.

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