| Other Intangible Assets |
The carrying amounts of each class of other intangible assets were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Customer relationships |
|
$ |
6,974,365 |
|
|
$ |
5,949,623 |
|
|
$ |
194,305 |
|
Computer software |
|
|
2,310,815 |
|
|
|
1,878,509 |
|
|
|
61,349 |
|
Patents and acquired specific technology |
|
|
11,829,167 |
|
|
|
9,948,539 |
|
|
|
324,903 |
|
Others |
|
|
63,361 |
|
|
|
43,462 |
|
|
|
1,420 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
21,177,708 |
|
|
$ |
17,820,133 |
|
|
$ |
581,977 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| For the year ended December 31, 2021
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at January 1, 2021 |
|
$ |
11,890,283 |
|
|
$ |
6,966,449 |
|
|
$ |
21,319,179 |
|
|
$ |
179,860 |
|
|
$ |
40,355,771 |
|
Additions |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1,193,060 |
|
|
|
2,000 |
|
|
|
37,959 |
|
|
|
1,233,019 |
|
Disposals or derecognition |
|
|
(102,637 |
) |
|
|
(150,670 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(71,014 |
) |
|
|
(324,321 |
) |
Disposal of subsidiaries (Note 30) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(789,998 |
) |
|
|
(5,401 |
) |
|
|
(6,243 |
) |
|
|
(801,642 |
) |
Acquisition through business combinations (Note 29) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
622 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
622 |
|
Effect of foreign currency exchange differences |
|
|
(83,041 |
) |
|
|
(167,769 |
) |
|
|
(537 |
) |
|
|
(7,036 |
) |
|
|
(258,383 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2021 |
|
$ |
11,704,605 |
|
|
$ |
7,051,694 |
|
|
$ |
21,315,241 |
|
|
$ |
133,526 |
|
|
$ |
40,205,066 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated amortization |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at January 1, 2021 |
|
$ |
2,769,983 |
|
|
$ |
4,170,576 |
|
|
$ |
5,598,966 |
|
|
$ |
104,475 |
|
|
$ |
12,644,000 |
|
Amortization expense |
|
|
1,049,759 |
|
|
|
971,190 |
|
|
|
1,991,641 |
|
|
|
41,530 |
|
|
|
4,054,120 |
|
Disposals or derecognition |
|
|
(102,637 |
) |
|
|
(139,907 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(67,741 |
) |
|
|
(310,285 |
) |
Disposal of subsidiaries (Note 30) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(626,338 |
) |
|
|
(5,288 |
) |
|
|
(3,067 |
) |
|
|
(634,693 |
) |
Acquisition through business combinations (Note 29) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
222 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
222 |
|
Effect of foreign currency exchange differences |
|
|
(3,456 |
) |
|
|
(103,772 |
) |
|
|
(482 |
) |
|
|
(4,295 |
) |
|
|
(112,005 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2021 |
|
$ |
3,713,649 |
|
|
$ |
4,271,971 |
|
|
$ |
7,584,837 |
|
|
$ |
70,902 |
|
|
$ |
15,641,359 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| For the year ended December 31, 2022
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at January 1, 2022 |
|
$ |
11,704,605 |
|
|
$ |
7,051,694 |
|
|
$ |
21,315,241 |
|
|
$ |
133,526 |
|
|
$ |
40,205,066 |
|
Additions |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
459,954 |
|
|
|
500 |
|
|
|
31,414 |
|
|
|
491,868 |
|
Disposals or derecognition |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(37,442 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(12,871 |
) |
|
|
(50,313 |
) |
Effect of foreign currency exchange differences |
|
|
31,576 |
|
|
|
141,903 |
|
|
|
1,611 |
|
|
|
4,257 |
|
|
|
179,347 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2022 |
|
$ |
11,736,181 |
|
|
$ |
7,616,109 |
|
|
$ |
21,317,352 |
|
|
$ |
156,326 |
|
|
$ |
40,825,968 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated amortization and impairment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at January 1, 2022 |
|
$ |
3,713,649 |
|
|
$ |
4,271,971 |
|
|
$ |
7,584,837 |
|
|
$ |
70,902 |
|
|
$ |
15,641,359 |
|
Amortization expense |
|
|
1,043,852 |
|
|
|
957,708 |
|
|
|
1,901,835 |
|
|
|
27,684 |
|
|
|
3,931,079 |
|
Impairment losses recognized |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
715 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
715 |
|
Disposals or derecognition |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(31,456 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(8,553 |
) |
|
|
(40,009 |
) |
Effect of foreign currency exchange differences |
|
|
4,315 |
|
|
|
106,356 |
|
|
|
1,513 |
|
|
|
2,932 |
|
|
|
115,116 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2022 |
|
$ |
4,761,816 |
|
|
$ |
5,305,294 |
|
|
$ |
9,488,185 |
|
|
$ |
92,965 |
|
|
$ |
19,648,260 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| For the year ended December 31, 2023
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at January 1, 2023 |
|
$ |
11,736,181 |
|
|
$ |
7,616,109 |
|
|
$ |
21,317,352 |
|
|
$ |
156,326 |
|
|
$ |
40,825,968 |
|
Additions |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
537,261 |
|
|
|
1,350 |
|
|
|
(10,825 |
) |
|
|
527,786 |
|
Disposals or derecognition |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(905,947 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(30,973 |
) |
|
|
(936,920 |
) |
Effect of foreign currency exchange differences |
|
|
26,380 |
|
|
|
12,970 |
|
|
|
(807 |
) |
|
|
2,169 |
|
|
|
40,712 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2023 |
|
$ |
11,762,561 |
|
|
$ |
7,260,393 |
|
|
$ |
21,317,895 |
|
|
$ |
116,697 |
|
|
$ |
40,457,546 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated amortization and impairment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at January 1, 2023 |
|
$ |
4,761,816 |
|
|
$ |
5,305,294 |
|
|
$ |
9,488,185 |
|
|
$ |
92,965 |
|
|
$ |
19,648,260 |
|
Amortization expense |
|
|
1,047,282 |
|
|
|
970,413 |
|
|
|
1,881,980 |
|
|
|
6,808 |
|
|
|
3,906,483 |
|
Disposals or derecognition |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(894,767 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(28,800 |
) |
|
|
(923,567 |
) |
Effect of foreign currency exchange differences |
|
|
3,840 |
|
|
|
944 |
|
|
|
(809 |
) |
|
|
2,262 |
|
|
|
6,237 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2023 |
|
$ |
5,812,938 |
|
|
$ |
5,381,884 |
|
|
$ |
11,369,356 |
|
|
$ |
73,235 |
|
|
$ |
22,637,413 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cost |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Balance at January 1, 2023 |
|
$ |
383,285 |
|
|
$ |
248,730 |
|
|
$ |
696,191 |
|
|
$ |
5,106 |
|
|
$ |
1,333,312 |
|
| Additions |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
17,546 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
(354 |
) |
|
|
17,236 |
|
| Disposals or derecognition |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(29,587 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(1,012 |
) |
|
|
(30,599 |
) |
| Effect of foreign currency exchange differences |
|
|
861 |
|
|
|
424 |
|
|
|
(27 |
) |
|
|
71 |
|
|
|
1,329 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Balance at December 31, 2023 |
|
$ |
384,146 |
|
|
$ |
237,113 |
|
|
$ |
696,208 |
|
|
$ |
3,811 |
|
|
$ |
1,321,278 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Accumulated amortization and impairment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Balance at January 1, 2023 |
|
$ |
155,513 |
|
|
$ |
173,263 |
|
|
$ |
309,869 |
|
|
$ |
3,036 |
|
|
$ |
641,681 |
|
| Amortization expense |
|
|
34,203 |
|
|
|
31,692 |
|
|
|
61,462 |
|
|
|
222 |
|
|
|
127,579 |
|
| Disposals or derecognition |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(29,222 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(941 |
) |
|
|
(30,163 |
) |
| Effect of foreign currency exchange differences |
|
|
125 |
|
|
|
31 |
|
|
|
(26 |
) |
|
|
74 |
|
|
|
204 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Balance at December 31, 2023 |
|
$ |
189,841 |
|
|
$ |
175,764 |
|
|
$ |
371,305 |
|
|
$ |
2,391 |
|
|
$ |
739,301 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Each class of other intangible assets was amortized on the straight-line basis over the following useful lives:
|
|
|
|
|
| Customer relationships |
|
|
11-16 years |
|
| Computer software |
|
|
2-10 years |
|
| Patents and acquired specific technology |
|
|
5-17 years |
|
| Others |
|
|
5-10 years |
|
|