| Summary of Non-cash Investing Activities |
| |
a. |
Non-cash investing activities | In addition to other notes, the Group entered into the following investing activities which include both cash and non-cash items for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
For the Year Ended December 31 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Payments for property, plant and equipment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Purchase of property, plant and equipment |
|
$ |
74,417,541 |
|
|
$ |
75,800,574 |
|
|
$ |
48,758,649 |
|
|
$ |
1,592,379 |
|
Increase (decrease) in other non-current assets |
|
|
1,184,927 |
|
|
|
(5,480 |
) |
|
|
(387,233 |
) |
|
|
(12,646 |
) |
| Decrease (increase) in other payables |
|
|
(4,671,228 |
) |
|
|
(3,096,926 |
) |
|
|
5,894,525 |
|
|
|
192,506 |
|
| Capitalized borrowing costs |
|
|
(25,581 |
) |
|
|
(58,263 |
) |
|
|
(107,712 |
) |
|
|
(3,518 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
70,905,659 |
|
|
$ |
72,639,905 |
|
|
$ |
54,158,229 |
|
|
$ |
1,768,721 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Consideration from disposal of property, plant and equipment |
|
$ |
1,128,850 |
|
|
$ |
612,213 |
|
|
$ |
334,348 |
|
|
$ |
10,920 |
|
| Decrease in other receivables |
|
|
610,912 |
|
|
|
2,784 |
|
|
|
132,790 |
|
|
|
4,336 |
|
| Decrease in other current assets |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
8,188 |
|
|
|
267 |
|
Decrease (increase) in other non-current assets |
|
|
(134,760 |
) |
|
|
134,760 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
1,605,002 |
|
|
$ |
749,757 |
|
|
$ |
475,326 |
|
|
$ |
15,523 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Change in Liabilities Arising From Financing Activities |
| |
b. |
Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities | For the year ended December 31, 2021
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Balance at January 1, 2021 |
|
$ |
34,597,858 |
|
|
$ |
56,253,554 |
|
|
$ |
112,390,724 |
|
|
$ |
5,875,830 |
|
|
$ |
209,117,966 |
|
| Net financing cash flows |
|
|
10,043,398 |
|
|
|
(3,719,057 |
) |
|
|
16,018,825 |
|
|
|
(907,403 |
) |
|
|
21,435,763 |
|
| Interest under operating activities |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
800 |
|
|
|
800 |
|
| Rent expense under operating activities |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(184 |
) |
|
|
(184 |
) |
| Equity components of convertible bonds and embedded derivative liability |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(399,955 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(399,955 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Additions to lease liabilities |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
2,037,665 |
|
|
|
2,037,665 |
|
| Amortization of issuance cost |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
126,283 |
|
|
|
224,979 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
351,262 |
|
| Convertible bonds issued by subsidiaries and converted to ordinary shares |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(102 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(102 |
) |
| Lease modifications |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(58,799 |
) |
|
|
(58,799 |
) |
| Acquisition of subsidiaries (Note 29) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
180,745 |
|
|
|
180,745 |
|
| Disposal of subsidiaries (Note 30) |
|
|
(2,443,005 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(32,655 |
) |
|
|
(2,475,660 |
) |
| Reclassification |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
380,292 |
|
|
|
380,292 |
|
| Effects of foreign currency exchange |
|
|
(1,161,822 |
) |
|
|
6,614 |
|
|
|
(2,162,038 |
) |
|
|
(76,407 |
) |
|
|
(3,393,653 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Balance at December 31, 2021 |
|
$ |
41,036,429 |
|
|
$ |
52,267,337 |
|
|
$ |
126,472,490 |
|
|
$ |
7,399,884 |
|
|
$ |
227,176,140 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| For the year ended December 31, 2022
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(including financial liabilities for hedging) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Balance at January 1, 2022 |
|
$ |
41,036,429 |
|
|
$ |
52,267,337 |
|
|
$ |
126,472,490 |
|
|
$ |
7,399,884 |
|
|
$ |
227,176,140 |
|
| Net financing cash flows |
|
|
1,866,253 |
|
|
|
(3,539,423 |
) |
|
|
(29,516,421 |
) |
|
|
(1,035,019 |
) |
|
|
(32,224,610 |
) |
| Interest under operating activities |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1,394 |
|
|
|
1,394 |
|
| Rent expense under operating activities |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(1,904 |
) |
|
|
(1,904 |
) |
| Equity components of convertible bonds and embedded derivative liability |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(1,092,004 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(1,092,004 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Additions to lease liabilities |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1,379,342 |
|
|
|
1,379,342 |
|
| Amortization of issuance cost |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
182,759 |
|
|
|
114,687 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
297,446 |
|
| Convertible bonds issued by subsidiaries and converted to ordinary shares |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(171 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(171 |
) |
| Lease modifications |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(117,549 |
) |
|
|
(117,549 |
) |
| Adjustments for government subsidy |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(46,672 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(46,672 |
) |
Long-term borrowings transferred to short-term borrowings |
|
|
1,522,294 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(1,522,294 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
| Effects of foreign currency exchange |
|
|
2,306,154 |
|
|
|
31,826 |
|
|
|
4,487,661 |
|
|
|
82,339 |
|
|
|
6,907,980 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Balance at December 31, 2022 |
|
$ |
46,731,130 |
|
|
$ |
47,850,324 |
|
|
$ |
99,989,451 |
|
|
$ |
7,708,487 |
|
|
$ |
202,279,392 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| For the year ended December 31, 2023
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at January 1, 2023 |
|
$ |
46,731,130 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
47,850,324 |
|
|
$ |
99,989,451 |
|
|
$ |
7,708,487 |
|
|
$ |
202,279,392 |
|
Net financing cash flows |
|
|
3,231,840 |
|
|
|
2,787,340 |
|
|
|
(2,573,366 |
) |
|
|
(14,263,230 |
) |
|
|
(1,136,666 |
) |
|
|
(11,954,082 |
) |
Interest under operating activities |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
Equity components of convertible bonds and embedded derivative liability |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(412,264 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(412,264 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additions to lease liabilities |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1,644,665 |
|
|
|
1,644,665 |
|
Convertible bonds issued by subsidiaries and converted to ordinary shares |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(228 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(228 |
) |
Amortization of issuance cost |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
319,578 |
|
|
|
91,538 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
411,116 |
|
Lease modifications |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(113,514 |
) |
|
|
(113,514 |
) |
Adjustments for government subsidy |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(1,002 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(1,002 |
) |
Acquisition through business combinations (Note 29) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
143,629 |
|
|
|
143,629 |
|
Reclassification |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(8,226 |
) |
|
|
(8,226 |
) |
Effects of foreign currency exchange |
|
|
291,218 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(174,558 |
) |
|
|
(356,054 |
) |
|
|
(16,391 |
) |
|
|
(255,785 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2023 |
|
$ |
50,254,188 |
|
|
$ |
2,787,340 |
|
|
$ |
45,009,486 |
|
|
$ |
85,460,703 |
|
|
$ |
8,222,006 |
|
|
$ |
191,733,723 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at January 1, 2023 |
|
$ |
1,526,163 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
1,562,715 |
|
|
$ |
3,265,495 |
|
|
$ |
251,747 |
|
|
$ |
6,606,120 |
|
Net financing cash flows |
|
|
105,547 |
|
|
|
91,030 |
|
|
|
(84,042 |
) |
|
|
(465,814 |
) |
|
|
(37,122 |
) |
|
|
(390,401 |
) |
Interest under operating activities |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
Equity components of convertible bonds and embedded derivative liability |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(13,464 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(13,464 |
) |
Non-cash changes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additions to lease liabilities |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
53,712 |
|
|
|
53,712 |
|
Convertible bonds issued by subsidiaries and converted to ordinary shares |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(8 |
) |
Amortization of issuance cost |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
10,437 |
|
|
|
2,989 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
13,426 |
|
Lease modifications |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(3,707 |
) |
|
|
(3,707 |
) |
Adjustments for government subsidy |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(33 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(33 |
) |
Acquisition through business combinations (Note 29) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
4,691 |
|
|
|
4,691 |
|
Reclassification |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(269 |
) |
|
|
(269 |
) |
Effects of foreign currency exchange |
|
|
9,511 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(5,701 |
) |
|
|
(11,628 |
) |
|
|
(536 |
) |
|
|
(8,354 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2023 |
|
$ |
1,641,221 |
|
|
$ |
91,030 |
|
|
$ |
1,469,937 |
|
|
$ |
2,791,009 |
|
|
$ |
268,517 |
|
|
$ |
6,261,714 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
For the Year Ended December 31 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating activities |
|
$ |
7,423,947 |
|
|
$ |
14,250,527 |
|
|
$ |
15,474,646 |
|
|
$ |
505,377 |
|
Investing activities |
|
|
570,700 |
|
|
|
842,440 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
7,994,647 |
|
|
$ |
15,092,967 |
|
|
$ |
15,474,646 |
|
|
$ |
505,377 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|