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Statutory Financial Information | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024
Statutory Financial Information [Abstract] |
Statutory Financial Information | 22. Statutory Financial Information a) The following table summarizes statutory capital and surplus for the Company's insurance subsidiaries.
| December 31,
(dollars in thousands) | 2024 |  | 2023
United States | $ | 6,764,770 |  |  | $ | 5,958,801 |
United Kingdom | $ | 1,001,574 |  |  | $ | 977,604 |
Bermuda | $ | 2,414,364 |  |  | $ | 2,353,058 |
Germany | $ | 171,581 |  |  | $ | 166,403 |
As of December 31, 2024, the Company's actual statutory capital and surplus significantly exceeded the regulatory requirements. As a result, the amount of statutory capital and surplus necessary to satisfy regulatory requirements is not significant in relation to actual statutory capital and surplus. The following table summarizes statutory net income (loss) for the Company's insurance subsidiaries.
| Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
United States | $ | 500,860 |  |  | $ | 196,952 |  |  | $ | 689,341 |
United Kingdom | $ | 62,084 |  |  | $ | 116,436 |  |  | $ | 35,719 |
Bermuda | $ | 614,056 |  |  | $ | 484,417 |  |  | $ | (144,239) |
Germany | $ | 10,075 |  |  | $ | 5,543 |  |  | $ | (2,471) |
Amounts presented for the Company's U.S. insurance subsidiaries have been calculated in accordance with prescribed statutory accounting rules. For the Company's international insurance subsidiaries, the regulations that govern the calculation of statutory capital and surplus do not provide requirements for the calculation of net income. Rather, such amounts are reported in accordance with a basis of accounting permitted by their respective regulator. Amounts presented for the Company's U.K., Bermuda and German insurance subsidiaries have been calculated in accordance with U.K. GAAP, U.S. GAAP and German GAAP, respectively. United States The laws of the domicile states of the Company's U.S. insurance subsidiaries govern the amount of dividends that may be paid to the holding company. Generally, statutes in the domicile states of the Company's U.S. insurance subsidiaries require prior approval for payment of extraordinary, as opposed to ordinary, dividends. As of December 31, 2024, the Company's U.S. insurance subsidiaries could pay up to $672.9 million to the holding company during the following 12 months under the ordinary dividend regulations. In converting from U.S. statutory accounting principles to U.S. GAAP, typical adjustments include deferral of policy acquisition costs, differences in the calculation of deferred income taxes and the inclusion of net unrealized gains or losses relating to fixed maturity securities in shareholders' equity. The Company does not use any permitted statutory accounting practices that are different from prescribed statutory accounting practices which impact statutory capital and surplus. United Kingdom The Company's U.K. insurance subsidiary, Markel International Insurance Company Limited (MIICL), and its Lloyd's managing agent, Markel Syndicate Management Limited (MSM), are authorized by the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) and regulated by both the PRA and the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA). The PRA oversees compliance with established periodic auditing and reporting requirements, minimum solvency margins and individual capital assessment requirements under the Solvency II Directive (Solvency II) and imposes dividend restrictions, while both the PRA and the FCA oversee compliance with risk assessment reviews and various other requirements. MIICL is required to give advance notice to the PRA for any transaction or proposed transaction with a connected or related person. MSM is required to satisfy the solvency requirements of Lloyd's. In addition, the Company's U.K. subsidiaries must comply with the United Kingdom Companies Act of 2006, which provides that dividends may only be paid out of profits available for that purpose. Earnings of the Company's U.K. insurance subsidiaries are available for distribution to the holding company to the extent not otherwise restricted. Bermuda The Company's Bermuda insurance subsidiary, Markel Bermuda Limited (MBL), is subject to enhanced capital requirements in addition to minimum solvency and liquidity requirements. The enhanced capital requirement is determined by reference to a risk-based capital model that determines a control threshold for statutory capital and surplus by taking into account the risk characteristics of different aspects of the insurer's business. At December 31, 2024, MBL satisfied both the enhanced capital requirements and the minimum solvency and liquidity requirements. Under the Bermuda Insurance Act, MBL is prohibited from paying or declaring dividends during a fiscal year if it is in breach of its enhanced capital requirement, solvency margin or minimum liquidity ratio or if the declaration or payment of the dividend would cause a breach of those requirements. If an insurer fails to meet its solvency margin or minimum liquidity ratio on the last day of any financial year, it is prohibited from declaring or paying any dividends during the next financial year without the approval of the Bermuda Monetary Authority (BMA). Further, MBL is prohibited from declaring or paying, in any financial year, dividends of more than 25% of its total statutory capital and surplus as set forth in its previous year's statutory balance sheet unless at least seven days before payment of those dividends it files with the BMA an affidavit stating that it will continue to meet its solvency margin and minimum liquidity ratio. MBL must obtain the BMA's prior approval for a reduction by 15% or more of the total statutory capital as set forth in its previous year's financial statements. In addition, as a long-term insurer, MBL may not declare or pay a dividend to any person other than a policyholder unless the value of the assets in its long-term business fund, as certified by MBL's approved actuary, exceeds the liabilities of its long-term business. The amount of the dividend cannot exceed the aggregate of that excess and any other funds legally available for the payment of the dividend. As of December 31, 2024, MBL could pay up to $603.6 million to the holding company during the following 12 months without making any additional filings with the BMA. Germany The Company's German insurance subsidiary, Markel Insurance SE, is regulated by the Federal Financial Conduct Authority in Germany and is also subject to capital and solvency requirements under Solvency II. b) Lloyd's sets the corporate members' required capital annually based on each syndicates' business plans, rating environment, reserving environment and input arising from Lloyd's discussions with, among others, regulatory and rating agencies. Such required capital is referred to as Funds at Lloyd's (FAL) and comprises cash and investments. The amount of cash and investments held as FAL as of December 31, 2024 was $913.7 million. Of this amount, $272.4 million was provided by the holding company and is not available for general use by the Company. The remaining amount, provided by the Company's insurance subsidiaries, is not available for distribution to the holding company. The Company's corporate member may also be required to maintain funds under the control of Lloyd's in excess of its capital requirements and such funds also may not be available for distribution to the holding company.

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- Definition Statutory Financial Information [Abstract] + References No definition available. + Details
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- Definition Discloses how the entity's reporting under GAAP as of the balance sheet date differs from the results based on prescribed and permitted accounting practices of the state or country of domicile in which a relevant statutory filing is made, or differences in results based on the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) prescribed practices, or a combination thereof. Describes the accounting practices used and the related monetary effect on statutory surplus, net income and risk-based capital. If an insurance enterprise's risk-based capital would have triggered a regulatory event had it not used a permitted practice, that fact should be disclosed in the financial statements. Permitted statutory accounting practices include practices not prescribed but allowed by the domiciliary state insurance department regulatory authority. + References No definition available. + Details
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