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Consolidated Statements Of Cash Flows - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
OPERATING ACTIVITIES      
Net income (loss) $ 2,847,406 $ 2,101,090 $ (103,357)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:      
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) 394,560 233,798 (282,325)
Depreciation and amortization expense 342,359 319,734 309,448
Net amortization of investment premium or discount (123,522) (59,810) 57,506
Net investment losses (gains) (1,807,219) (1,524,054) 1,595,733
Net foreign exchange losses (gains) (129,438) 90,045 (137,832)
Gain on sale of businesses, net 0 (18,965) (225,832)
Impairment of goodwill 0 0 80,000
Increase in receivables (158,546) (486,305) (653,261)
Increase in reinsurance recoverables (2,386,745) (767,509) (1,168,483)
Decrease (increase) in deferred policy acquisition costs 50,102 (1,602) (140,630)
Increase in prepaid reinsurance premiums (584,475) (298,049) (271,292)
Increase in unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses 3,250,607 2,443,178 2,383,268
Decrease in life and annuity benefits (38,981) (48,327) (44,693)
Increase in unearned premiums 448,238 400,017 886,393
Increase in payables to insurance and reinsurance companies 398,360 365,378 210,810
Other 91,300 38,188 213,989
Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities 2,594,006 2,786,807 2,709,442
INVESTING ACTIVITIES      
Proceeds from sales, maturities, calls and prepayments of fixed maturity securities 2,068,755 2,126,586 1,152,335
Cost of fixed maturity securities purchased (3,588,989) (4,302,864) (2,112,066)
Proceeds from sales of equity securities 177,254 298,582 242,010
Cost of equity securities purchased (571,096) (638,306) (442,991)
Net change in short-term investments 151,972 202,930 (846,019)
Cost of other investments purchased 205,937 192,715 20,051
Additions to property and equipment (254,991) (258,619) (254,712)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired (207,753) (3,584) (79,000)
Consolidation of Markel CATCo Re, net 0 0 629,955
Distributions to Markel CATCo Re noncontrolling interests for buy-out transaction 0 0 (169,380)
Proceeds from sale of businesses, net 0 41,302 201,370
Other 32,167 23,081 28,345
Net Cash Used By Investing Activities (2,398,618) (2,703,607) (1,670,204)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES      
Additions to senior long-term debt and other debt 1,434,205 624,972 1,034,052
Repayment of senior long-term debt and other debt (896,749) (949,636) (1,255,005)
Repurchases of common stock (572,728) (445,479) (290,796)
Dividends paid on preferred stock (36,000) (36,000) (36,000)
Purchase of noncontrolling interests (46,483) (63,371) (30)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests (54,010) (28,978) (15,225)
Redemption of Markel CATCo Re noncontrolling interests (117,227) (88,997) 0
Other (8,886) (12,227) (32,307)
Net Cash Used By Financing Activities (297,878) (999,716) (595,311)
Effect of foreign currency rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents (37,296) 27,037 (103,361)
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents (139,786) (889,479) 340,566
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents at beginning of year 4,332,034 5,221,513 4,880,947
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, RESTRICTED CASH AND RESTRICTED CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR $ 4,192,248 $ 4,332,034 $ 5,221,513