10-K 1 ntap-10k_20190426.htm 10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-K

(Mark One)

☑ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

| For the fiscal year ended April 26, 2019

or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

| For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 000-27130

NetApp, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 77-0307520
(State or other jurisdiction of |  | (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) |  | Identification No.)

1395 Crossman Avenue,

Sunnyvale, California 94089

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(408) 822-6000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.001 Par Value | NTAP |  | The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ☑ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☐
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
Emerging growth company |  | ☐ |  |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, as of October 26, 2018, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $12,456,432,144 (based on the closing price for shares of the registrant’s common stock as reported by the NASDAQ Global Select Market on that date). Shares of common stock held by each executive officer, director, and holder of 5% or more of the outstanding common stock have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of possible affiliate status is not a conclusive determination for other purposes.

On June 7, 2019, 240,022,187 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.001 par value, were outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

The information called for by Part III of this Form 10-K is hereby incorporated by reference from the definitive Proxy Statement for our annual meeting of stockholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after April 26, 2019.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | PART I
Item 1 |  | Business |  | 5
Item 1A |  | Risk Factors |  | 14
Item 1B |  | Unresolved Staff Comments |  | 25
Item 2 |  | Properties |  | 25
Item 3 |  | Legal Proceedings |  | 25
Item 4 |  | Mine Safety Disclosures |  | 25
|  | PART II
Item 5 |  | Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities |  | 26
Item 6 |  | Selected Financial Data |  | 29
Item 7 |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 30
Item 7A |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 49
Item 8 |  | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data |  | 51
Item 9 |  | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure |  | 91
Item 9A |  | Controls and Procedures |  | 91
Item 9B |  | Other Information |  | 91
|  | PART III
Item 10 |  | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance |  | 92
Item 11 |  | Executive Compensation |  | 92
Item 12 |  | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters |  | 92
Item 13 |  | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence |  | 92
Item 14 |  | Principal Accounting Fees and Services |  | 92
|  | PART IV
Item 15 |  | Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules |  | 92
Signatures |  | 99

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Cautionary Note on Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). Forward-looking statements are all statements (and their underlying assumptions) included in this document that refer, directly or indirectly, to future events or outcomes and, as such, are inherently not factual, but rather reflect only our current projections for the future. Consequently, forward-looking statements usually include words such as “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “predict,” “seek,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “would,” “could,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “believe,” or similar words, in each case, intended to refer to future events or circumstances. A non-comprehensive list of the topics including forward-looking statements in this document includes:

| • | our future financial and operating results;

| • | our strategy;

| • | our beliefs and objectives for future operations, research and development;

| • | expectations regarding future product releases, growth and performance;

| • | political, economic and industry trends;

| • | expected timing of, customer acceptance of and benefits from, product introductions, developments and enhancements;

| • | expected benefits from acquisitions, joint ventures, growth opportunities and investments;

| • | expected outcomes from legal, regulatory and administrative proceedings;

| • | our competitive position;

| • | our short-term and long-term cash requirements, including, without limitation, anticipated capital expenditures;

| • | our anticipated tax rate;

| • | the repayment of our indebtedness; and

| • | future uses of our cash, including, without limitation, the continuation of our stock repurchase and cash dividend programs.

All forward-looking statements included in this document are inherently uncertain as they are based on management’s current expectations and assumptions concerning future events, and are subject to numerous known and unknown risks and uncertainties. Therefore, actual events and results may differ materially from these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described herein include, but are not limited to:

| • | the overall growth, structure and changes in the networked storage hardware market;

| • | our ability to expand our total available market and grow our portfolio of products and solutions;

| • | our ability to introduce new and differentiated products, solutions and services without disruption;

| • | our ability to successfully execute new business models;

| • | our ability to successfully execute on our Data Fabric strategy to generate profitable growth and stockholder return;

| • | general global political, macroeconomic and market conditions;

| • | our ability to accurately forecast demand for our products, solutions and services, and future financial performance;

| • | our ability to successfully manage our backlog;

| • | disruptions in our supply chain, which could limit our ability to ship products to our customers in the amounts and at the prices forecasted;

| • | our ability to maintain our customer, partner, supplier and contract manufacturer relationships on favorable terms and conditions;

| • | our ability to maintain our gross profit margins;

| • | our ability to timely and successfully introduce and increase volumes of new products and services and to forecast demand and pricing for the same;

| • | changes in U.S. government spending;

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| • | the actions of our competitors including, without limitation, their ability to introduce competitive products and to acquire businesses and technologies that negatively impact our strategy, operations or customer demand for our products;

| • | the impact of industry consolidation affecting our suppliers, competitors, partners and customers;

| • | our ability to grow direct and indirect sales and to efficiently provide global service and support;

| • | our ability to design, manufacture and market products meeting global environmental standards;

| • | failure of our products and services to meet our customers’ quality requirements, including, without limitation, any epidemic failure event relating to our systems installed by our customers in their IT infrastructures;

| • | our ability to resolve ongoing litigation, tax audits, government audits, inquiries and investigations in line with our expectations;

| • | the availability of acceptable financing to support our future cash requirements;

| • | our ability to effectively integrate acquired businesses, products and technologies;

| • | valuation and liquidity of our investment portfolio;

| • | foreign exchange rate impacts;

| • | our ability to successfully recruit and retain critical employees and to manage our investment in people, process and systems;

| • | our ability to anticipate techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems and to implement adequate preventative measures against cybersecurity and other security breaches; and

| • | those factors discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this document and are based upon information available to us at this time. These statements are not guarantees of future performance. Except as required by law, we disclaim any obligation to update information in any forward-looking statement. Actual results could vary from our forward-looking statements due to the foregoing factors as well as other important factors.

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PA RT I

Item 1. Business

Overview

NetApp, Inc. (NetApp, we, or us) is the data authority for hybrid cloud. We provide a full range of hybrid cloud data services that simplify management of applications and data across cloud and on-premises environments to accelerate digital transformation. Together with our partners, we empower global organizations to unleash the full potential of their data to expand customer touchpoints, foster greater innovation and optimize their operations. We were incorporated in 1992 and are headquartered in Sunnyvale, California.

Customer Business and IT Needs

In a world where technology is changing our everyday lives, digital transformation tops the strategic agenda in most organizations. To be successful in their digital transformations, data must become the lifeblood of an organization, seamlessly flowing through it to optimize operations, create innovative business opportunities and enable new customer touchpoints through technology.

Leaders are under enormous pressure to harness today’s volume of data and apply it to create new value across the entire organization, all with limited time, skills, and budget. Building a data-driven organization is challenging. Data is becoming increasingly:

| • | Distributed. Generated and consumed from multiple clouds and on-premises, from organic and partner sources

| • | Dynamic. Constantly changing and increasingly cloud-streamed from multiple clouds

| • | Diverse. Including analytics, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning capabilities from multiple clouds and on-premises

Thriving in this environment requires a holistic approach to data insight, access and control that is secure, efficient, and future-proof and provides freedom of choice.

To help our customers and partners manage and share their data across on-premises, and private and public clouds, we are:

| • | Focusing on the customer by delivering an exceptional customer experience and becoming their preferred data partner, and

| • | Extending our cloud integration and hybrid cloud leadership through the NetApp Data Fabric and expanding our consumption model offerings to match customer needs across cloud and on-premises offerings.

The NetApp Data Fabric

NetApp delivers a Data Fabric built for the data-driven world. The Data Fabric is NetApp’s strategy for simplifying and integrating the orchestration of data services across a choice of hybrid, multicloud environments. Customers can build their unique Data Fabric from a catalog of consistent data services that provide data visibility and insights, data access and control, and data protection and security. Customers can easily incorporate new capabilities—AI, machine learning, blockchain, Internet of Things —from any cloud provider to speed innovation and achieve higher levels of operational efficiency to shift resources from maintenance to digital transformation. Secure by design, the Data Fabric helps customers realize new business opportunities while minimizing risk.

Built for the challenges and opportunities of the data-driven world, NetApp products and solutions are designed for simplicity and optimized to manage, protect and secure data. Because the Data Fabric is open by design, we can constantly fuel innovation and flexibility.

Our products, solutions, and services portfolio focus on customers’ top IT imperatives as they undertake digital transformations. NetApp’s unique approach to data services enables organizations to inspire innovation with the cloud, build clouds to accelerate new services, and modernize IT architecture with cloud-connected flash.

Product, Solutions and Services Portfolio

Cloud Data Services

NetApp believes that hybrid multicloud will be the dominant model for enterprise IT. Customers are attracted by the speed and scale benefits of the public cloud but they need new data management capabilities to keep control of data as it moves beyond the walls of the enterprise. The NetApp Data Fabric enables our customers to manage, secure, and protect their data from on-premises to public to hybrid clouds, all at the scale needed to accommodate the exponential data growth of the digital world. The NetApp Cloud Data Services portfolio is focused on helping customers fuel business growth by delivering data-rich customer experiences through new application deployments that easily use data and services regardless of where they reside or in what form.

NetApp Cloud Volumes Service for AWS

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Cloud Volumes Service for AWS delivers fully managed file services for NFS, SMB, or dual protocol support. With consistently high performance, Cloud Volumes Service provides shared persistent storage with high throughput and low latency that meets the demands of large databases and HPC applications.

NetApp Cloud Volumes ONTAP

Cloud Volumes ONTAP delivers secure, proven storage management services for AWS and Azure cloud storage. Cloud Volumes ONTAP combines data control with enterprise-class storage features for various use cases, including file shares and block-level storage serving NAS and SAN protocols, disaster recovery, backup and archive, DevOps, databases, or any other enterprise workload.

NetApp Cloud Sync

Cloud Sync is NetApp’s service for rapid and secure data synchronization. Whether organizations need to transfer files between on-premises NFS or CIFS file shares, Amazon S3 object format, Azure Blob, IBM Cloud Object Storage, or the NetApp StorageGRID® appliance, Cloud Sync moves the files where they are needed quickly and securely.

NetApp Cloud Secure

Cloud Secure operates on both cloud and on-premises storage systems to give organizations real-time alerts of malicious user behavior. Cloud Secure uses advanced machine learning algorithms to automatically uncover unusual data activity. It automatically updates protection policies and permissions to restrict access, stopping actual threats before they become breaches.

NetApp Cloud Tiering

Based on NetApp FabricPool technology, Cloud Tiering identifies infrequently used data in on-premises storage and automatically and seamlessly moves that data to lower-cost object storage in the cloud, leaving frequently used data on the high-performant, data center storage system. When the infrequently used tiered data is needed again, the service will automatically and seamlessly move it back to the high-performance tier.

NetApp SaaS Backup

SaaS Backup service is a complete software-as-a-service (SaaS) offering that enables organizations to protect Office 365 and Salesforce data against threats or accidental deletion with secure backup and restore.

NetApp Kubernetes Service

NetApp Kubernetes Service simplifies multicloud management by enabling organizations to create and manage production-ready Kubernetes clusters at scale with our universal Kubernetes control plane. Kubernetes clusters can be launched at any of the major cloud providers and managed from a single pane of glass.

NetApp Cloud Insights

NetApp Cloud Insights is an infrastructure monitoring tool that gives organizations visibility into their entire infrastructure. Cloud Insights advanced data collection and analytics capabilities, monitor, troubleshoot, and optimize cost across all resources including public clouds and private data centers.

Cloud Infrastructure

NetApp Cloud Infrastructure is a portfolio of offerings that helps customers build cloud-architected data centers to accelerate new services. To accelerate digital transformations, customers are developing next-generation cloud-architected infrastructures that manage data and services as one integrated resource supporting both public and private clouds.

FlexPod

FlexPod® is a portfolio of prevalidated designs and integration that combine the Cisco Unified Computing System integrated infrastructure and NetApp storage components to reduce risk and accelerate the deployment of data center infrastructure. Today, customers and partners can choose from more than 100 validated application and infrastructure designs.

NetApp HCI

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NetApp HCI is designed to deliver a public cloud consumption experience with simplicity, dynamic scale, and operational efficiency to hybrid multiclouds. O rganization s can move faster while reducing costs with NetApp HCI by manag ing and run ning multiple applications with the predictable performance that enterprise s demand.

NetApp StorageGRID Object Storage Software

NetApp StorageGRID® is a software-defined object-based storage solution that provides intelligent policy-driven data management. StorageGRID supports industry-standard object APIs such as Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) API and OpenStack Swift API. Organizations can optimize data availability, performance, geo-distribution, retention, protection, and storage cost with metadata-driven policies.

Storage Systems and Software

The NetApp Storage Systems and Software portfolio enables customers to modernize their IT architectures with cloud-connected flash to free the resources necessary to fund transformation by deploying highly efficient flash storage that scales from the edge to the core to the cloud.

All-Flash Arrays

Flash plays a key role in customers’ digital transformation efforts as they seek to gain advantage through greater speed, responsiveness, and value from key business applications, all while lowering total cost of ownership. All-flash array technology is the de facto choice as customers seek performance and economic benefits from replacing hard disk installations. With a highly differentiated and broad portfolio of all-flash and hybrid array offerings, NetApp is well positioned to enable customers to accomplish this transition.

NetApp AFF systems help organizations meet enterprise storage requirements with high performance, flexibility, and best-in-class data management and cloud integration. Combined with the industry’s first end-to-end NVMe technologies and NetApp ONTAP data management software, AFF systems accelerate, manage, and protect business-critical data. AFF systems eliminate performance silos in the data center by seamlessly integrating into a cluster with hybrid FAS systems, enabling workloads to transparently move between high-performance tiers and low-cost capacity tiers.

NetApp SolidFire® all-flash storage systems are architected for rapidly transforming environments. As the foundation for private cloud infrastructure, SolidFire allows independent scaling, consistent performance, and automation integrations, giving private cloud infrastructure the flexibility and consistency to scale as a service provider. SolidFire enables organizations to get closer to the speed and simplicity of business in the cloud while exceeding the demands of keeping data on-premises.

NetApp EF-Series all-flash arrays deliver fast, consistent response times to accelerate high-performance databases and data analytics. Designed specifically for mixed-workload environments, including big data analytics, technical computing, video surveillance, and backup and recovery, the EF-Series provides leading price/performance, configuration flexibility, and simplicity in a compact package to help organizations make decisions faster, more actionable, and more secure.

Hybrid Flash Arrays

NetApp hybrid flash storage serves customers who want the option to deploy the speed of flash storage where they need it while using more affordable hard disk drives (HDDs) to address capacity requirements. NetApp FAS hybrid flash arrays are created for shared, consolidated environments running SAN and NAS workloads that require rich data management, enterprise-grade capabilities, and easy cloud connection. NetApp E-Series hybrid flash arrays are built for dedicated, high-bandwidth applications such as data analytics, video surveillance, and disk-based backup that need simple, fast, reliable SAN storage.

NetApp ONTAP Storage Operating System

ONTAP 9 is the next generation of the industry’s leading enterprise data management software. It combines new levels of simplicity and flexibility with powerful data management capabilities and storage efficiencies. With ONTAP 9, customers can build a hybrid cloud that is the foundation of a Data Fabric. ONTAP 9 provides flexibility to design and deploy a storage environment across the widest range of architectures—engineered systems, software-defined storage (SDS), and the cloud—spanning flash and disk infrastructures. AFF systems running ONTAP 9 are optimized specifically for flash. ONTAP 9 also enables FAS hybrid storage systems to deliver flash-accelerated performance that is balanced with HDD economies. NetApp OnCommand Unified Manager, which is included with ONTAP, provides a comprehensive data management solution for NetApp AFF, FAS and ONTAP Select storage.

NetApp ONTAP Select

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ONTAP Select converts a server’s internal SSD s or HDD s, as well as HCI and external array storage into an agile, flexible storage platform with many of the same dedicated storage system benefits based on NetApp ONTAP. ONTAP Select can be deployed on new servers or on existing server infrastructure for added flexibility.

NetApp MAX Data

Memory Accelerated Data (MAX Data) moves beyond caching to true memory tiering for next-generation Intel Optane DC persistent memory (Optane DC PMM)—providing application performance and enterprise data protection. With MAX Data software, companies can realize the promise of real-time data analytics to deliver orders-of-magnitude faster transactions for business applications, such as Oracle, and for NoSQL databases, such as MongoDB.

NetApp FlexArray Storage Virtualization Software

NetApp FlexArray® virtualization software lets organizations use EMC, HP, Hitachi, IBM, and NetApp E-Series arrays as storage capacity in an ONTAP environment creating a single storage management architecture that overcomes the limitations of existing arrays, expands the capabilities of customers’ IT infrastructures, and delivers the benefits of software-defined storage.

NetApp OnCommand API Services

NetApp OnCommand API Services help IT organizations address today’s complex IT management challenges. Using representational state transfer (REST) APIs, companies can integrate disparate software tools to simplify the management of on-premises and cloud storage. IT organizations gain a view of the entire infrastructure with a single tool and can continue using their vendor-provided tools as needed to troubleshoot issues with specific infrastructure components.

NetApp Active IQ

Active IQ® artificial intelligence and machine learning power predictive analytics and actionable insights to help optimize investments in NetApp. Active IQ offers continual insights from machine learning algorithms that compare workloads across similar systems to get smarter over time; simplifies and automates operations with predictive, self-healing care; and monitors and predicts capacity usage to stay a step ahead of users’ rapidly growing data demands.

NetApp Data Availability Services

NetApp Data Availability Services simplify the protection and management of NetApp ONTAP data from primary to secondary to cloud S3 storage. Simplified orchestration improves performance of backup workflows when protecting large numbers of volumes, thereby increasing productivity, reducing cost and providing rapid time to business insight.

NetApp SnapCenter Backup Management Software

NetApp SnapCenter® software is a unified, scalable platform for application-consistent data protection and clone management. This software simplifies backup, restore, and clone lifecycle management with application-integrated workflows. Leveraging storage-based data management, SnapCenter enables increased performance and availability and reduced testing and development times.

NetApp SnapMirror Data Replication Software

NetApp SnapMirror® software is a cost-effective, easy-to-use unified replication solution across the Data Fabric, replicating data at high speeds over LAN or WAN. SnapMirror delivers powerful data management capabilities for virtualization, protecting critical data while providing the flexibility to move data between locations and storage tiers, including cloud service providers.

NetApp MetroCluster Business Continuity Software

NetApp MetroCluster™ software is a solution that combines array-based clustering with synchronous replication to deliver continuous availability and zero data loss. MetroCluster enhances the built-in high availability and nondisruptive operations of NetApp hardware and ONTAP storage software, providing an additional layer of protection for the entire storage and host environment.

NetApp SnapLock Data Compliance Software

NetApp SnapLock® software delivers high-performance disk-based data permanence for HDD and solid-state disk (SSD) deployments. Part of our proven NetApp ONTAP storage software, SnapLock helps provide data integrity and retention, enabling electronic records to be both unalterable and rapidly accessible.

NetApp SANtricity Storage Operating System

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NetApp E-Series and EF-Series storage arrays with SANtricity software offer industry-leading performance, reliability, and ease of use. T h ese capabilit ies mean that storage administrators can make configuration changes, perform maintenance, and expand storage capacity without disrupting I/O to attached hosts.

NetApp Element Operating System

NetApp Element® software delivers agility through scale-out flexibility, predictable performance and automation integrations so organizations can build clouds to accelerate new services. Integrated into the NetApp Data Fabric, Element software enables innovative architectures with flexible scale for our customers’ private clouds.

Professional and Support Services

NetApp and our ecosystem of partners deliver a full portfolio of professional and technical services that enable customers to gain the end-to-end expertise and insight needed to succeed and accelerate digital transformations. Our services experts help organizations transform with the right cloud strategy, design an IT-as-a-Service model, and move to an operational hybrid cloud. From discovery and insight to strategic planning, NetApp Consulting Services collaborate with our customers to shape winning strategies to transform IT and reach their digital goals.

Our professional services team and certified services partners deliver the expertise needed to accelerate transformations and realize greater business value from technology investments. NetApp professionals and partners help to determine the right technology roadmap to meet business requirements, so customers can respond rapidly to changing business demands. Our proven methodologies, validated designs, and best practices are geared to ensure desired outcomes.

Operational Support Services help our customers deliver greater business value. NetApp seasoned experts manage, support, and optimize on-premises and hybrid-cloud workloads. The NetApp Services team optimizes data storage system utilization, efficiency, and consistency and delivers actionable intelligence for managing data with proactive and predictive technology. Our offerings include independent support services, support account managers, residency services, and managed services.

Sales, Principal Markets, and Distribution Channels

We market and sell our products in numerous countries throughout the world. To increase visibility of NetApp as the data authority in the hybrid cloud, we continue to make investments in our multi-year branding and awareness campaigns.

Our diversified customer base spans industry segments and vertical markets such as energy, financial services, government, high technology, internet, life sciences, healthcare services, manufacturing, media, entertainment, animation, video postproduction and telecommunications. NetApp focuses primarily on the cloud data services, private cloud, and storage markets. We design our products to meet the needs of our broad customer base – from large enterprises to midsize customers.

NetApp uses a multichannel distribution strategy. We sell our products, solutions and services to end-user business customers and service providers through a direct sales force and an ecosystem of partners. We work with a wide range of partners for our customers, including technology partners, value-added resellers, system integrators, OEMs, service providers and distributors. During fiscal 2019, sales through our indirect channels represented 76% of our net revenues. Our global partner ecosystem is critical to NetApp’s growth and success. We are continually strengthening existing partnerships and investing in new ones to ensure we are meeting the evolving needs of our customers.

As of April 26, 2019, our worldwide sales and marketing functions consisted of approximately 5,000 managers, sales representatives and technical support personnel. We have field sales offices in approximately 43 countries. Sales to customers Arrow Electronics, Inc. and Tech Data Corporation, which are distributors, accounted for 24% and 20% of our net revenues, respectively, in fiscal 2019. Information about sales to and accounts receivables from our major customers, segment disclosures, foreign operations and net sales attributable to our geographic regions is included in Note 16 – Segment, Geographic, and Significant Customer Information of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Seasonality

We have historically experienced a sequential decline in revenues in the first quarter of our fiscal year, as the sales organization spends time developing new business after higher close rates in the fourth quarter, and because sales to European customers are typically weaker during the summer months. During the second quarter of our fiscal year, we have historically experienced increased sales, driven by the government sector, concurrent with the end of the U.S. federal government’s fiscal year in September, as well as an increase in business from European markets. We derive a majority of our revenue in any given quarter from orders booked in the same quarter. Bookings and revenues typically follow intra-quarter seasonality patterns weighted toward the back end of the quarter.

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B acklog

We manufacture products based on a combination of specific order requirements and forecasts of our customers’ demand. Orders are generally placed by customers on an as-needed basis. A substantial portion of our products is sold on the basis of standard purchase orders that are cancelable prior to shipment without penalty. In certain circumstances, purchase orders are subject to change with respect to quantity of product or timing of delivery resulting from changes in customer requirements. Our business is characterized by seasonal and intra-quarter variability in demand, as well as short lead times and product delivery schedules. Accordingly, backlog at any given time might not be a meaningful indicator of future revenue.

Manufacturing and Supply Chain

We have outsourced manufacturing operations to third parties located in Memphis, Tennessee; Fremont, California; San Jose, California; San Antonio, Texas; Guadalajara, Mexico; Schiphol Airport, The Netherlands; Komarom and Tiszaujvaros, Hungary; Wuxi and Tianjin, China; Taoyuan City, Taiwan; and Singapore. These operations include materials procurement, commodity management, component engineering, test engineering, manufacturing engineering, product assembly, product assurance, quality control, final test, and global logistics. We rely on a limited number of suppliers for materials, as well as several key subcontractors for the production of certain subassemblies and finished systems. We use multiple vendors and have our products manufactured in a number of locations wherever possible to mitigate our supply chain risk. Our strategy has been to develop close relationships with our suppliers, maximizing the exchange of critical information and facilitating implementation of joint quality programs. We use contract manufacturers for the production of major subassemblies and final system configuration. This manufacturing strategy minimizes capital investments and overhead expenditures while creating flexibility for rapid expansion.

We are certified to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001:2008 and ISO 14001:2004 certification standards. We are also a partner of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection’s (CBP) Customs Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (CTPAT) program.

Research and Development

We conduct research and development activities in various locations throughout the world. Total research and development expenses were $827 million, $783 million and $779 million in fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. These costs consist primarily of personnel and related costs incurred to conduct product development activities. Although we develop many of our products internally, we may acquire technology through business combinations or through licensing from third parties when appropriate. We believe that technical leadership is essential to our success, and we expect to continue to commit substantial resources to research and development.

Competition

We compete with many companies in the markets we serve, including established public companies, newly public companies with a strong flash focus, and new market entrants addressing the growing opportunity for hyper converged systems. Some offer a broad spectrum of IT products, solutions and services (full-stack vendors) and others offer a more limited set of storage and data management products, solutions or services.

Technology trends – for example, the emergence of hosted (or cloud) storage, SaaS, hyperconverged infrastructure, and flash storage – are driving significant changes in storage architectures and solution requirements. Cloud service providers provide customers storage as an operating expense which competes with more traditional storage offerings that customers acquire through capital expenditures. While the short- and long-term impact of these evolving trends cannot be predicted, NetApp is confident that our customers recognize the value in our cloud and Data Fabric strategy. Our strategy includes integrating and building relationships with these new classes of providers, and to date, we have established relationships with more than 300 cloud service providers and hyperscaler providers, including AWS, Google, IBM SoftLayer and Microsoft Azure.

We compete against Dell Technologies/EMC Corporation, Hewlett Packard Enterprise Company, Hitachi Vantara, and International Business Machines Corporation, as well as Pure Storage, Nutanix, and other smaller players. Our current and potential competitors may establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties, including some of our partners. It is possible that new competitors or alliances among competitors might emerge and rapidly acquire significant market share.

We consider innovation, cloud integration, and our technology partnerships key to our competitive differentiation. We believe our competitive advantage also includes the nature of the relationships we form with our customers and partners worldwide. We strive to deliver an outstanding experience in every interaction we have with our customers and partners through our product, service, and support offerings, which enable us to provide our customers with a full range of expertise before, during and after their purchase.

Proprietary Rights

NetApp generally relies on patent, copyright, trademark, trade secret and contract laws to establish and maintain our proprietary rights in our technology and products. While our intellectual property rights are important to our success, we believe that our business

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is not materially dependent on any particular patent, trademark, cop yright, license or other intellectual property right. We have been granted or own by assignment well over a thousand U.S. patents, hundreds of pending U.S. patent applications, and many corresponding patents and patent applications in other countries. Our primary trademarks are NetApp and the NetApp design logo, which are registered trademarks in the U.S. and in many other countries. In addition, we have numerous trademarks and trademark registrations in the U.S. and other countries covering our various pr oduct names.

We generally enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees, resellers, customers, and suppliers. In addition, through various licensing arrangements, we receive certain rights to intellectual property of others. We expect to maintain current licensing arrangements and to secure licensing arrangements in the future, as needed and to the extent available on reasonable terms and conditions, to support continued development and sales of our products and services. Some of these licensing arrangements require or might require royalty payments and other licensing fees. The amount of these payments and fees might depend on various factors, including but not limited to the structure of royalty payments; offsetting considerations, if any; and the degree of use of the licensed technology.

The industry in which we compete is characterized by rapidly changing technology, a large number of patents, and frequent claims and related litigation regarding intellectual property rights, and we may be exposed to various risks related to such claims or legal proceedings. If we are unable to protect our intellectual property, we might be subject to increased competition that could materially and adversely affect our operating results.

Environmental Disclosure

We are committed to the success of our customers and partners, to delivering value to our stockholders, and to positively affecting the communities where our employees work and live. We firmly believe that we can accomplish these objectives concurrently with our commitment to sustainability. We are committed to the prevention of pollution; efficient use of natural resources; and minimizing, relative to the growth of the company, the environmental impacts from our operations, products, and services, as well as complying with laws and regulations related to these areas. Our environmental management system provides the framework for setting, monitoring, and continuously improving our environmental goals and objectives.

We are voluntarily measuring, monitoring, and publicly reporting our scope 1 and scope 2 greenhouse gas emissions and participate in the CDP, which is a global standardized mechanism by which companies report their greenhouse gas emissions to customers and institutional investors. We promote alternative transportation programs through education and awareness campaigns, and we continuously seek to optimize the energy efficiency of our buildings, labs, and data centers. At both the global and regional/state levels, various laws and regulations have been implemented or are under consideration to mitigate the effects of climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions. Environmental laws are complex, change frequently, and have tended to become more stringent over time. However, it is often difficult to anticipate future regulations pertaining to environmental matters and to estimate their impacts on our operations. Based on current information, we believe that our primary risk related to climate change is the risk of increased energy costs. We are not currently subject to a cap and trade system or any other mitigation measures that could be material to our operations, nor are we aware of any such measures that will impact us in the near future. Additionally, we have implemented disaster recovery and business resiliency measures to mitigate the physical risks our facilities, business, and supply chain might face as a consequence of severe weather-/climate-related phenomena such as earthquakes, floods, droughts, and other such natural occurrences.

We are also subject to other federal, state, and local regulations regarding workplace safety and protection of the environment. Various international, federal, state, and local provisions regulate the use and discharge of certain hazardous materials used in the manufacture of our products. Failure to comply with environmental regulations in the future could cause us to incur substantial costs or subject us to business interruptions. We believe we are substantially compliant with all applicable environmental laws. All of our products meet the requirements of the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH); Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE); Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS); and China RoHS directives. We have maintained an environmental management system since December 2004. As part of ISO 14001 requirements, we set local environmental performance goals such as reducing energy use per square foot and minimizing waste generated on site, that are aligned with our overall corporate strategy. We also conduct periodic reviews and are subject to third-party audits of our operations, and we monitor environmental legislation and requirements to help make sure we are taking necessary measures to remain in compliance with applicable laws, not only in our operations but also for our products.

Employees

As of April 26, 2019, we had approximately 10,500 employees worldwide. None of our employees are represented by a labor union and we consider relations with our employees to be good. Competition for technical personnel in the industry in which we compete is intense. We believe that our future success depends in part on our continued ability to hire, assimilate, and retain qualified personnel. To date, we believe that we have been successful in recruiting qualified employees, but there is no assurance that we will continue to be successful in the future.

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Executive Officers

Our executive officers and their ages as of June 1, 2019, are as follows:

Name | Age | Position
George Kurian | 52 | Chief Executive Officer and President
Ronald J. Pasek | 58 | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Henri Richard | 61 | Executive Vice President, Worldwide Field and Customer Operations
Joel D. Reich | 60 | Executive Vice President and General Manager, NetApp Storage Systems and Software Business Unit
Matthew K. Fawcett | 51 | Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary

George Kurian was appointed chief executive officer on June 1, 2015 and president on May 20, 2016. He joined our board of directors in June 2015. From September 2013 to May 2015, he was executive vice president of product operations, overseeing all aspects of technology strategy, product and solutions development across our product portfolio. Mr. Kurian joined NetApp in April 2011 as the senior vice president of the storage solutions group and was appointed to senior vice president of the Data ONTAP group in December 2011. Prior to NetApp, from 2002 to 2011, Mr. Kurian held several positions at Cisco Systems, including most recently vice president and general manager of the application networking and switching technology group. From 1999 to 2002, Mr. Kurian was the vice president of product management and strategy at Akamai Technologies. Prior to that, he was a management consultant with McKinsey and Company, and led software engineering and product management teams at Oracle Corporation. Mr. Kurian holds a BS degree in electrical engineering from Princeton University and an MBA degree from Stanford University.

Ronald J. Pasek joined NetApp in April 2016 as executive vice president and chief financial officer, overseeing the finance, customer leasing, workplace resources, internal audit, and IT functions. Mr. Pasek served as senior vice president, finance and chief financial officer of Altera Corporation, a worldwide provider of programmable logic devices, from December 2009 until its acquisition by Intel in December 2015. Mr. Pasek was previously employed by Sun Microsystems, where he most recently served as vice president and corporate treasurer. In his 19 years at Sun Microsystems, he also held a variety of other positions in finance, including vice president of worldwide field finance, worldwide manufacturing, and U.S. field finance. Mr. Pasek is the chairman of the board of directors of Spectra7 Microsystems Inc., a Canadian publicly traded consumer connectivity company. Mr. Pasek holds a BS degree from San Jose State University and an MBA degree from Santa Clara University.

Henri Richard joined NetApp in May 2016 as executive vice president of worldwide field and customer operations, leading NetApp’s global field and customer success operations, which support the company’s ecosystem of channel, alliance, and service partners and perform customer-facing functions. Before joining NetApp, from April 2013 to May 2016, he was senior vice president of worldwide sales and support at SanDisk Corporation. Prior to SanDisk, Mr. Richard served as senior vice president of worldwide sales and marketing at Freescale Semiconductor from September 2007 to April 2013. Mr. Richard brings 30-years of experience serving in global executive roles at companies including Seagate, IBM, WebGain and AMD. He started his career in IT with Informatique Haute Performance in Paris, France, a company he founded. Mr. Richard was a member of the board of directors of Ultratech Inc., a formerly publicly traded advance packaging and laser processing company, until its acquisition by Veeco Instruments, Inc. in May 2017. Mr. Richard holds a BS degree from the Ecole Nationale de Radiotechnique et d’Electronique Appliquee in Asnieres, France.

Joel D. Reich joined NetApp in 2002 and was appointed executive vice president of product operations in June 2015. He is currently executive vice president and general manager of the NetApp Storage Systems and Software Business Unit. He is responsible for overseeing the strategy and development of the business units’ product and solutions portfolio, and for managing NetApp’s manufacturing operations. From April 2011 to June 2015, Mr. Reich served as NetApp’s senior vice president of the Hyperscale Storage Group. Before that time, he served in various NetApp Data ONTAP engineering leadership roles. Before joining NetApp, he was vice president of marketing and product operations for HighGround Systems, Inc. He also held the position of director of product management at Data General Corporation and EMC Corporation and was director of sales and marketing for Conner Peripherals Storage Systems Group. Mr. Reich holds a BS degree from Lehigh University.

Matthew K. Fawcett joined the company in September 2010 as senior vice president, general counsel, secretary and chief compliance officer. He is responsible for all legal affairs worldwide, including corporate governance and securities law compliance, intellectual property matters, commercial contracts, mergers and acquisitions, and government relations. Prior to joining NetApp, from 1999 to August 2010, Mr. Fawcett served in various positions at JDS Uniphase Corporation, an optical components company, including as senior vice president, general counsel, and corporate secretary. Prior to joining JDSU, Mr. Fawcett was counsel at Fujitsu and worked in private practice at Morrison & Foerster LLP. Mr. Fawcett serves on the board of the Law Foundation of Silicon Valley and on various advisory boards. Mr. Fawcett holds a BA degree from the University of California at Berkeley and a JD degree from the University of California at Los Angeles.

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Additional Information

Our internet address is www.netapp.com. We make available through our internet website our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, amendments to those reports and other documents filed or furnished pursuant to the Exchange Act of 1934, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such materials with, or furnish them to, the SEC.

The SEC maintains an internet site (www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The public also may read and copy these filings at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street N.E., Washington, DC 20549. Information about this Public Reference Room is available by calling (800) SEC-0330.

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It em 1A. | Risk Factors

The information included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K should be considered and understood in the context of the following risk factors, which describe circumstances that may materially harm our future business, operating results or financial condition. The following discussion reflects our current judgment regarding the most significant risks we face. These risks can and will change in the future.

Our business may be harmed by technological trends in our market or if we are unable to keep pace with rapid industry, technological and market changes.

Our industry and the markets in which we compete have historically experienced significant growth due to the increase in the demand for storage and data management solutions by consumers, enterprises and government bodies around the world, and the resultant purchases of storage and data management solutions to address this demand. However, despite continued data growth, our traditional market, the networked storage hardware market, experienced a decline in each of the last three calendar years due to a combination of customers delaying purchases in the face of technology transitions, increasing adoption of Cloud environments built on commodity hardware, increased storage efficiency, and changing economic and business environments. While customers are navigating through their information technology (IT) transformations, which leverage modern architectures and hybrid cloud environments, they are also reducing IT budgets, looking for simpler solutions, and rethinking how they consume IT. This evolution is diverting spending towards transformational projects and architectures like flash, hybrid cloud, IT as a service, converged infrastructure, and software defined storage. Our business may be adversely impacted if we are unable to keep pace with rapid industry, technological or market changes or if our Data Fabric strategy is not accepted in the marketplace. As a result of these and other factors discussed in the report, our revenue may decline on a year-over-year basis, as it did in fiscal years 2015, 2016 and 2017. The future impact of these trends on both short-term and long-term growth patterns is uncertain. If the general historical rate of industry growth declines, if the growth rates of the specific markets in which we compete decline, and/or if the consumption model of storage changes and our new and existing products, services and solutions do not receive customer acceptance, our business, operating results and financial condition could suffer.

If we are unable to develop, introduce and gain market acceptance for new products and services while managing the transition from older ones, or if we cannot provide the expected level of quality and support for our new products and services, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.

Our future growth depends upon the successful development and introduction of new hardware and software products and services. Due to the complexity of storage software, subsystems and appliances and the difficulty in gauging the engineering effort required to produce new products and services, such products and services are subject to significant technical and quality control risks.

If we are unable, for technological, customer reluctance or other reasons, to develop, introduce and gain market acceptance for new products and services, as and when required by the market and our customers, our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

New or additional product introductions, including new hardware and software offerings, such as NetApp HCI, Cloud Volumes ONTAP, and new all flash storage products, subject us to additional financial and operational risks, including our ability to forecast customer preferences and/or demand, our ability to successfully manage the transition from older products and solutions, our ability to forecast the impact of customers’ demand for new products, services and solutions or the products being replaced, and our ability to manage production capacity to meet the demand for new products and services. In addition, as new or enhanced products and services are introduced, we must also avoid excessive levels of older product inventories and related components and ensure that new products and services can be delivered to meet customers’ demands. Further risks inherent in the introduction of new products, services and solutions include the uncertainty of price-performance relative to products of competitors, competitors’ responses to the introductions, delays in sales caused by the desire of customers to evaluate new products for extended periods of time and our partners’ investment in selling our new products and solutions. If these risks are not managed effectively, we could experience material risks to our operations, financial condition and business model.

As we enter new or emerging markets, we will likely increase demands on our service and support operations and may be exposed to additional competition. We may not be able to provide products, service and support to effectively compete for these market opportunities.

Transition to consumption-based business models may adversely affect our revenues and profitability in other areas of our business.

We offer customers a full range of consumption models, including the deployment of our software through our subscription and cloud-based Software as a Service (SaaS), and utility pricing and managed services offerings for our hardware and software systems. These business models continue to evolve, and we may not be able to compete effectively, generate significant revenues or maintain the profitability of our consumption-based offerings. Additionally, the increasing prevalence of cloud and SaaS delivery models offered by us and our competitors may unfavorably impact the pricing of our on-premise hardware and software offerings and could

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have a dampening impact on overall demand for our on-premise hardware and software product and service offerings, which could reduce our revenues and profitability, at least in the near term. If we do not successfully execute our consumption model strategy or anticipate the needs of our customers, our revenues and profitability could decline.

As customer demand for our consumption model offerings increases, we will experience differences in the timing of revenue recognition between our traditional hardware and software license arrangements, including for the software license components of enterprise software license agreements (for which revenue is generally recognized in full at the time of delivery), relative to our consumption model offerings, (for which revenue is generally recognized ratably over the term of the arrangement). We incur certain expenses associated with the infrastructure and marketing of our consumption model offerings in advance of our ability to recognize the revenues associated with these offerings.

Our sales and distribution structure makes forecasting revenues difficult and, if disrupted, could harm our operating results.

Our business and sales models make revenues difficult to forecast. We sell to a variety of customers directly and through various channels, with a corresponding variety of sales cycles, and we recently reorganized our sales resources to improve the alignment of those resources with customer and market opportunities. The reorganization of our sales resources could result in short or long-term disruption of our sales cycles and harm our operating results. The majority of our sales are made and/or fulfilled indirectly through channel partners, including value-added resellers, systems integrators, distributors, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and strategic business partners, which now include hyperscalers. This structure significantly complicates our ability to forecast future revenue, especially within any particular fiscal quarter or year. Moreover, our relationships with our indirect channel partners and strategic business partners are critical to our success. The loss of one or more of our key indirect channel partners in a given geographic area or the failure of our channel or strategic partners to promote our products could harm our operating results. Qualifying and developing new indirect channel partners typically requires a significant investment of time and resources before acceptable levels of productivity are met. If we fail to maintain our relationships with our indirect channel partners and strategic partners, if their financial condition, business or customer relationships were to weaken, if they fail to comply with legal or regulatory requirements, or if we were to cease to do business with them for these or other reasons, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.

Increasing competition and industry consolidation could harm our business and operating results.

The storage and data management markets are intensely competitive and are characterized by rapidly changing technology and fragmentation. We compete with many companies in the markets we serve, including established public companies, newer public companies with a strong flash focus, and new market entrants addressing the growing opportunity for hyper-converged systems. Some offer a broad spectrum of IT products and services (full-stack vendors) and others offer a more limited set of storage and data management products or services. Technology trends, such as the emergence of hosted or public cloud storage, SaaS and flash storage are driving significant changes in storage architectures and solution requirements. Cloud service providers provide customers storage for their data centers on demand, without requiring a capital expenditure, which meets rapidly evolving business needs and has changed the competitive landscape.

Competitors may develop new technologies or products in advance of us or establish new business models, more flexible contracting models or new technologies disruptive to us. By extending our flash, converged infrastructure and cloud storage offerings, we are competing in new segments with both traditional competitors and new competitors, particularly smaller emerging storage vendors. The longer-term potential and competitiveness of these emerging vendors remains to be determined. In cloud and converged infrastructure, we also compete with large well-established competitors.

For additional information regarding our competitors, see the section entitled “Competition” contained in Item 1 – Business of Part I of this Form 10-K. It is possible that new competitors or alliances among competitors might emerge and rapidly acquire significant market share or buying power. An increase in industry consolidation might result in stronger competitors that are better able to compete as full-stack vendors for customers and achieve increased economies of scale in the supply chain. For example, in October 2016, Dell Inc. and EMC Corp. consummated their agreement to merge. Also, in April 2017, HP Enterprise completed their acquisition of Nimble Storage. In addition, current and potential competitors have established or might establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties, including some of our partners or suppliers.

Continuing uncertain economic and political conditions restrict our visibility and may harm our operating results, including our revenue growth and profitability.

Continuing global economic uncertainty, political conditions and fiscal challenges in the United States (U.S.) and abroad have, among other things, limited our ability to forecast future demand for our products, contributed to increased periodic volatility in the computer, storage and networking industries at large, as well as the IT market, and could constrain future access to capital for our suppliers, customers and partners. The impacts of these circumstances are global and pervasive, and the timing and nature of any ultimate resolution of these matters remain highly uncertain. Consequently, we expect these concerns to challenge our business for the foreseeable future, which could cause harm to our operating results. Such conditions have resulted, and may in the future again result, in failure to meet our forecasted financial expectations and to achieve historical levels of revenue growth.

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Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate materially, which could harm our common stock price.

Our operating results have fluctuated in the past and will continue to do so, sometimes materially. All of the matters discussed in this Risk Factors section could impact our operating results in any fiscal quarter or year. In addition to those matters, we face the following issues, which could impact our quarterly results:

| • | Seasonality, such as our historical seasonal decline in revenues in the first quarter of our fiscal year and seasonal increase in revenues in the second quarter of our fiscal year, with the latter due in part to the impact of the U.S. federal government’s September 30 fiscal year end on the timing of its orders; and

| • | Linearity, such as our historical intra-quarter bookings and revenue pattern in which a disproportionate percentage of each quarter’s total bookings and related revenue occur in the last month of the quarter; and

| • | Unpredictability associated with larger scale enterprise software license agreements which generally take longer to negotiate and occur less consistently than other types of contracts, and for which revenue attributable to the software license component is typically recognized in full upon delivery.

If our operating results fall below our forecasts and the expectations of public market analysts and investors, the trading price of our common stock may decline.

If we are unable to maintain and develop relationships with strategic partners, our revenues may be harmed.

Our growth strategy includes developing and maintaining strategic partnerships with major third-party software and hardware vendors to integrate our products into their products and also co-market our products with them. A number of our strategic partners are industry leaders that offer us expanded access to segments of the storage and data management markets. In particular, strategic partnerships with hyperscalers and cloud service vendors are critical to the success of our cloud-based business. However, there is intense competition for attractive strategic partners, and these relationships may not be exclusive, may not generate significant revenues and may be terminated on short notice. For instance, some of our partners are also partnering with our competitors, which may increase the availability of competing solutions and harm our ability to grow our relationships with those partners. Moreover, some of our partners, particularly large, more diversified technology companies, are also competitors, thereby complicating our relationships. If we are unable to establish new partnerships or maintain existing partnerships, if our strategic partners favor their relationships with other vendors in the storage industry or if our strategic partners increasingly compete with us, we could experience lower than expected revenues, suffer delays in product development, or experience other harm to our business, operating results and financial condition.

A portion of our revenues is generated by large, recurring purchases from various customers, resellers and distributors. A loss, cancellation or delay in purchases by any of these parties has negatively affected our revenues in the past, and could negatively affect our revenues in the future.

A significant portion of our net revenues are generated through sales to a limited number of customers and distributors. We generally do not enter into binding purchase commitments with our customers, resellers and distributors for extended periods of time, and thus there is no guarantee we will continue to receive large, recurring orders from these customers, resellers or distributors. For example, our reseller agreements generally do not require minimum purchases, and our customers, resellers and distributors can stop purchasing and marketing our products at any time. In addition, unfavorable economic conditions may negatively impact the solvency of our customers, resellers and distributors or the ability of such customers, resellers and distributors to obtain credit to finance purchases of our products. If any of our key customers, resellers or distributors changes its pricing practices, reduces the size or frequency of its orders for our products, or stops purchasing our products altogether, our operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely impacted.

Our gross margins vary.

Our gross margins reflect a variety of factors, including competitive pricing, component and product design, and the volume and relative mix of revenues from product, software maintenance, hardware maintenance and other services offerings. Increased component costs, increased pricing and discounting pressures, the relative and varying rates of increases or decreases in component costs and product prices, or changes in the mix of revenue or decreased volume from product, software maintenance, hardware maintenance and other services offerings could harm our revenues, gross margins or earnings. Our gross margins are also impacted by the cost of any materials that are of poor quality and our sales and distribution activities, including, without limitation, pricing actions, rebates, sales initiatives and discount levels, and the timing of service contract renewals.

The costs of third-party components comprise a significant portion of our product costs. While we generally have been able to manage our component and product design costs, we may have difficulty managing these costs if supplies of certain components become limited or component prices increase. Any such limitation could result in an increase in our product costs. An increase in component or design costs relative to our product prices could harm our gross margins and earnings.

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If we do not achieve forecasted bookings in any quarter, our financial results could be harmed.

We derive a majority of our revenues in any given quarter from orders booked in the same quarter. Bookings typically follow intra-quarter seasonality patterns weighted toward the back end of the quarter. If we do not achieve the level, timing and mix of bookings consistent with our quarterly targets and historical patterns, or if we experience cancellations of significant orders, our financial results could be harmed.

We rely on a limited number of suppliers for critical product components.

We rely on a limited number of suppliers for drives and other components utilized in the assembly of our products, including certain single source suppliers, which has subjected us, and could in the future subject us, to price rigidity, periodic supply constraints, and the inability to produce our products with the quality and in the quantities demanded. Consolidation among suppliers, particularly within the semiconductor and disk drive industries, has contributed to price rigidity and may in the future create supply constraints. When industry supply is constrained, our suppliers may allocate volumes away from us and to our competitors, all of which rely on many of the same suppliers as we do. Accordingly, our operating results may be harmed.

Any disruption to our supply chain could materially harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

We do not manufacture our products or their components. Instead, we rely on third parties to make our products and critical components, such as disk drives, as well as for associated logistics. Our lack of direct responsibility for, and control over, these elements of our business, as well as the diverse international geographic locations of our manufacturing partners and suppliers, creates significant risks for us, including, among other things:

•Limited ability to control the quality, quantity and cost of our products or of their components;

•The potential for binding price or purchase commitments with our suppliers at higher than market rates;

•Limited ability to adjust production volumes in response to our customers’ demand fluctuations;

•Labor and political unrest at facilities we do not operate or own;

•Geopolitical disputes disrupting our supply chain;

| • | Business, legal compliance, litigation and financial concerns affecting our suppliers or their ability to manufacture and ship our products in the quantities, quality and manner we require; and

| • | Disruptions due to floods, earthquakes, storms and other natural disasters, particularly in countries with limited infrastructure and disaster recovery resources.

Such risks have subjected us, and could in the future subject us, to supply constraints, price increases and minimum purchase requirements and our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed. The risks associated with our outsourced manufacturing model are particularly acute when we transition products to new facilities or manufacturers, introduce and increase volumes of new products or qualify new contract manufacturers or suppliers, at which times our ability to manage the relationships among us, our manufacturing partners and our component suppliers, becomes critical. New manufacturers, products, components or facilities create increased costs and risk that we will fail to deliver high quality products in the required volumes to our customers. Any failure of a manufacturer or component supplier to meet our quality, quantity or delivery requirements in a cost-effective manner will harm our business, operating results and customer relationships.

Due to the global nature of our business, risks inherent in our international operations could materially harm our business.

A significant portion of our operations are located, and a significant portion of our revenues are derived, outside of the U.S. In addition, most of our products are manufactured outside of the U.S., and we have research and development, sales and service centers overseas. Accordingly, our business and future operating results could be adversely impacted by factors affecting our international operations including, among other things, local political or economic conditions, trade protection and export and import requirements, tariffs, local labor conditions, transportation costs, government spending patterns, acts of terrorism, international conflicts and natural disasters in areas with limited infrastructure. In particular, the current trade tensions between the U.S. and China, including newly imposed tariffs, and the United Kingdom’s pending withdrawal from the European Union, which is now scheduled to be effective on October 31, 2019, could impact our business and operating results. For products we manufacture in Mexico, tensions between the U.S. and Mexico related to trade and border security issues could delay our shipments to customers, or impact pricing or our business and operating results. In addition, due to the global nature of our business, we are subject to complex legal and regulatory requirements in the U.S. and the foreign jurisdictions in which we operate and sell our products, including antitrust and anti-competition laws, rules and regulations, and regulations related to data privacy. We are also subject to the potential loss of proprietary information due to

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piracy, misappropriation, or laws that may be less protective of our intellectual property rights than U.S. laws. Such factors could have an adverse impact on our b usiness, operating results and financial condition.

We face exposure to adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates as a result of our international operations. These exposures may change over time as business practices evolve, and they could have a material adverse impact on our financial results and cash flows. We utilize forward and option contracts in an attempt to reduce the adverse earnings impact from the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on certain assets and liabilities. Our hedging strategies may not be successful, and currency exchange rate fluctuations could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and cash flows. In addition, our foreign currency exposure on assets, liabilities and cash flows that we do not hedge could have a material impact on our financial results in periods when the U.S. dollar significantly fluctuates in relation to foreign currencies.

Moreover, in many foreign countries, particularly in those with developing economies, it is common to engage in business practices that are prohibited by our internal policies and procedures, or U.S. laws and regulations applicable to us, such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. There can be no assurance that all our employees, contractors and agents, as well as those companies to which we outsource certain of our business operations, will comply with these policies, procedures, laws and/or regulations. Any such violation could subject us to fines and other penalties, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

We often incur expenses before we receive related benefits, and expenses may be difficult to reduce quickly if demand declines.

We base our expense levels in part on future revenue expectations and a significant percentage of our expenses are fixed. It is difficult to reduce our fixed costs quickly, and if revenue levels are below our expectations, operating results could be adversely impacted. During periods of uneven growth or decline, we may incur costs before we realize the anticipated related benefits, which could also harm our operating results. We have made, and will continue to make, significant investments in engineering, sales, service and support, marketing and other functions to support and grow our business. We are likely to recognize the costs associated with these investments earlier than some of the related anticipated benefits, such as revenue growth, and the return on these investments may be lower, or may develop more slowly, than we expect, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

We could be subject to additional income tax liabilities.

Our effective tax rate is influenced by a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. These factors include among other things, fluctuations in our earnings and financial results in the various countries and states in which we do business, the outcome of income tax audits and changes to the tax laws in such jurisdictions. Changes to any of these factors could materially impact our operating results.

We receive significant tax benefits from sales to our non-U.S. customers. These benefits are contingent upon existing tax laws and regulations in the U.S. and in the countries in which our international operations are located. Future changes in domestic or international tax laws and regulations or a change in how we manage our international operations could adversely affect our ability to continue realizing these tax benefits.

Many countries around the world are beginning to implement legislation and other guidance to align their international tax rules with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation’s Base Erosion and Profit Shifting recommendations and related action plans that aim to standardize and modernize global corporate tax policy, including changes to cross-border tax, transfer-pricing documentation rules and nexus-based tax incentive practices. As a result, many of these changes, if enacted, could increase our worldwide effective tax rate and harm our financial position and results of operations.

We are routinely subject to income tax audits in the U.S. and several foreign tax jurisdictions. If the ultimate determination of income taxes or at-source withholding taxes assessed under these audits results in amounts in excess of the tax provision we have recorded or reserved for, our operating results, cash flows and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Our effective tax rate could also be adversely affected by different and evolving interpretations of existing law or regulations, which in turn would negatively impact our operating and financial results as a whole. Additionally, our effective tax rate could also be adversely affected if there is a change in international operations, our tax structure and how our operations are managed and structured, and as a result, we could experience harm to our operating results and financial condition. The U.S. tax law changes enacted through the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act effective in December 2017 are subject to further interpretations from the U.S. federal and state governments and regulatory organizations, such as the Treasury Department and/or Internal Revenue Service. Changes to interpretations of the law could change the amount or accounting treatment of the expense we have recorded in relation to the transition tax. We have elected to pay the transition tax over a period of eight years. As result, our cash flows from operating activities will be adversely impacted until the additional tax provisions are paid in full.

If a data center or other third-party who relies on our products experiences a disruption in service or a loss of data, such disruption could be attributed to the quality of our products, thereby causing financial or reputational harm to our business.

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Our clients, including data centers, SaaS, cloud computing and i nternet infrastructure and bandwidth providers, rely on our products for their data storage needs. Our clients may authorize third-party technology providers to access their data on our systems. Because we do not control the transmissions between our clients, their customers, and third-party technology providers, or the processing of such data by third-party technology providers, we cannot ensure the complete integrity or security of such transmissions or processing. Errors or wrongdoing by clients, their customers, or third-party technology providers resulting in security breaches may be attribut ed to us.

A failure or inability to meet our clients’ expectations with respect to security and confidentiality through a disruption in the services provided by these third-party vendors, or the loss of data stored by such vendors, could result in financial or reputational harm to our business to the extent that such disruption or loss is caused by, or perceived by our customers to have been caused by, defects in our products. Moreover, the risk of reputational harm may be magnified and/or distorted through the rapid dissemination of information over the internet, including through news articles, blogs, chat rooms, and social media sites. This may affect our ability to retain clients and attract new business.

If a cybersecurity or other security breach occurs on our systems or on our end-user customer systems, or if stored data is improperly accessed, customers may reduce or cease using our solutions, our reputation may be harmed and we may incur significant liabilities.

We store and transmit personal, sensitive and proprietary data related to our products, our employees, customers, clients and partners (including third-party vendors such as data centers and providers of SaaS, cloud computing, and internet infrastructure and bandwidth), and their respective customers, including intellectual property, books of record and personal information. It is critical to our business strategy that our infrastructure, products and services remain secure and are perceived by customers, clients and partners to be secure. There are numerous and evolving risks to cybersecurity and privacy, including criminal hackers, state-sponsored intrusions, industrial espionage, human error and technological vulnerabilities. Cybersecurity incidents or other security breaches could result in (1) unauthorized access to, or loss or unauthorized disclosure of, such information; (2) litigation, indemnity obligations, government investigations and other possible liabilities; (3) negative publicity; and (4) disruptions to our internal and external operations. Any of these could damage our reputation and public perception of the security and reliability of our products, as well as harm our business and cause us to incur significant liabilities. In addition, a cybersecurity incident or loss of personal information could result in other negative consequences, including remediation costs, disruption of internal operations, increased cybersecurity protection costs and lost revenues.

Our clients and customers use our platforms for the transmission and storage of sensitive data. We do not review the information or content that our clients and their customers upload and store, and, therefore, we have no direct control over the substance of the information or content stored within our platforms. If our employees, or our clients, partners or their respective customers use our platforms for the transmission or storage of personal or other sensitive information and our security measures are breached as a result of third-party action, employee error, malfeasance, stolen or fraudulently obtained log-in credentials or otherwise, our reputation could be damaged, our business may be harmed and we could incur significant liabilities.

High-profile cyberattacks and security breaches have increased in recent years, and security industry experts and government officials have warned about the risks of hackers and cyberattacks targeting IT products and businesses. Because techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems change frequently and often are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. As we continue to increase our client base and expand our brand, we may become more of a target for third parties seeking to compromise our security systems and we anticipate that hacking attempts and cyberattacks will increase in the future. We cannot give assurance that we will always be successful in preventing or repelling unauthorized access to our systems.

Many jurisdictions have enacted or are enacting laws requiring companies to notify regulators or individuals of data security incidents involving certain types of personal data. These mandatory disclosures regarding security incidents often lead to widespread negative publicity. Moreover, the risk of reputational harm may be magnified and/or distorted through the rapid dissemination of information over the internet, including through news articles, blogs, chat rooms, and social media sites. Any security incident, whether actual or perceived, could harm our reputation, erode customer confidence in the effectiveness of our data security measures, negatively impact our ability to attract new customers, cause existing customers to elect not to renew their support contracts or their SaaS subscriptions, or subject us to third-party lawsuits, regulatory fines or other action or liability, which could materially and adversely affect our business and operating results. Our business could be subject to stricter obligations, greater fines and private causes of action under the enactment of new data privacy laws, including but not limited to, the European Union General Data Protection Regulation enacted on May 25, 2018 and the California Consumer Privacy Act to be enacted on January 1, 2020.

There can be no assurance that the limitations of liability in our contracts would be enforceable or adequate or would otherwise protect us from any such liabilities or damages with respect to any particular claim. Our existing general liability insurance coverage and coverage for errors and omissions may not continue to be available on acceptable terms or may not be available in sufficient amounts to cover one or more large claims, or our insurers may deny coverage as to any future claim. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceeds available insurance coverage, or the occurrence of changes in our insurance policies,

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including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible o r co-insurance requirements, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our success depends upon our ability to effectively plan and manage our resources and restructure our business in response to changing market conditions and market demand for our products, and such actions may have an adverse effect on our financial and operating results.

Our ability to successfully offer our products and services in a rapidly evolving market requires an effective planning, forecasting, and management process to enable us to effectively scale and adjust our business in response to fluctuating market opportunities and conditions.

In response to changes in market conditions and market demand for our products, we have in the past undertaken cost savings initiatives. For example, in March 2016, November 2016, May 2018, and April 2019 we executed restructuring events designed to streamline our business, reduce our cost structure and focus our resources on key strategic opportunities. As a result, we have recognized substantial restructuring charges. In fiscal 2018, we created the Storage Systems and Software, Cloud Data Services, and Cloud Infrastructure business units to enable us to develop the organization and systems to successfully execute a multi-product business. We also reorganized our sales resources to better align with customer and market opportunities. We may in the future undertake initiatives that could include reorganizing our workforce, restructuring, disposing of, and/or otherwise discontinuing certain products, or a combination of these actions. Rapid changes in the size, alignment or organization of our workforce, including our new business unit structure and sales account coverage, could adversely affect our ability to develop, sell and deliver products and services as planned or impair our ability to realize our current or future business and financial objectives. Any decision to take these actions may result in charges to earnings associated with, among other things, inventory or other fixed, intangible or goodwill asset reductions (including, without limitation, impairment charges), workforce and facility reductions and penalties and claims from third-party resellers or users of discontinued products. Charges associated with these activities would harm our operating results. In addition to the costs associated with these activities, we may not realize any of the anticipated benefits of the underlying restructuring activities.

If our products are defective, or are perceived to be defective as a result of improper use or maintenance, our gross margins, operating results and customer relationships may be harmed.

Our hardware and software products are complex. We have experienced in the past, and expect to experience in the future, quality issues. Such quality issues may be due to, for example, our own designs or processes, the designs or processes of our suppliers, and/or flaws in third-party software used in our products. Quality risk is most acute when we are introducing new products. We have also increased the cadence of our product release cycle, which could impact product and service quality. Quality issues have and could again in the future cause customers to experience outages or disruptions in service, data loss or data corruption. If we fail to remedy a product defect, we may experience a failure of a product line, temporary or permanent withdrawal from a product or market, damage to our reputation, loss of revenue, inventory costs or product reengineering expenses and higher ongoing warranty and service costs, and these occurrences could have a material impact on our gross margins, business and operating results. In addition, we exercise little control over how our customers use or maintain our products, and in some cases improper usage or maintenance could impair the performance of our products, which could lead to a perception of a quality issue. Customers and we may experience losses that may result from or are alleged to result from defects in our products, which could subject us to claims for damages, including consequential damages.

If we are unable to attract and retain qualified personnel, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.

Our continued success depends, in part, on our ability to hire and retain qualified personnel and to preserve the key aspects of our corporate culture. Because our future success is dependent on our ability to continue to enhance and introduce new products, we are particularly dependent on our ability to hire and retain qualified engineers, including in emerging areas of technology such as artificial intelligence and machine learning. In addition, to increase revenues, we will be required to increase the productivity of our sales force and support infrastructure to achieve adequate customer coverage. Competition for qualified employees, particularly in Silicon Valley, is intense. We have periodically reduced our workforce, including an 11% reduction announced in March 2016, a 6% reduction announced in November 2016, and more minor reductions announced in fiscal 2019, and these actions may make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified employees. Our inability to hire and retain qualified management and skilled personnel, particularly engineers, salespeople and key executive management, could be disruptive to our development efforts, sales results, business relationships and/or our ability to execute our business plan and strategy on a timely basis and could materially and adversely affect our operating results.

Equity grants are a critical component of our current compensation programs. If we reduce, modify or eliminate our equity programs, we may have difficulty attracting and retaining critical employees.

In addition, because of the structure of our sales, cash and equity incentive compensation plans, we may be at increased risk of losing employees at certain times. For example, the retention value of our compensation plans decreases after the payment of annual bonuses or the vesting of equity awards.

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Our acquisitions may not achieve expected benefits, and may increase our liabilities, disrupt our existing business and harm our operating results.

As part of our strategy, we seek to acquire other businesses and technologies to complement our current products, expand the breadth of our markets, or enhance our technical capabilities. For example, in May 2019 (fiscal 2020), we acquired a privately held company, in fiscal 2018 we acquired two privately held companies, and in fiscal 2016 we acquired SolidFire, Inc. The benefits we have received, and expect to receive, from these and other acquisitions depend on our ability to successfully conduct due diligence, negotiate the terms of the acquisition and integrate the acquired business into our systems, procedures and organizational structure. Any inaccuracy in our acquisition assumptions or any failure to uncover liabilities or risks associated with the acquisition, make the acquisition on favorable terms, integrate the acquired business or assets as and when expected or retain key employees of the acquired company may reduce or eliminate the expected benefits of the acquisition to us, increase our costs, disrupt our operations, result in additional liabilities, investigations and litigation, and may also harm our strategy, our business and our operating results. The failure to achieve expected acquisition benefits may also result in impairment charges for goodwill and purchased intangible assets.

Reduced U.S. government demand could materially harm our business and operating results. In addition, we could be harmed by claims that we have or a channel partner has failed to comply with regulatory and contractual requirements applicable to sales to the U.S. government.

The U.S. government is an important customer for us. However, government demand is uncertain, as it is subject to political and budgetary fluctuations and constraints. Events such as the U.S. federal government shutdown from December 2018 to January 2019 and continued uncertainty regarding the U.S. budget and debt levels have increased demand uncertainty for our products, and in our fiscal 2016 resulted in lower sales to these customers. In addition, like other customers, the U.S. government may evaluate competing products and delay purchasing in the face of the technology transitions taking place in the storage industry. If the U.S. government or an individual agency or multiple agencies within the U.S. government continue to reduce or shift their IT spending patterns, our revenues and operating results may be harmed.

Selling our products to the U.S. government, whether directly or through channel partners, also subjects us to certain regulatory and contractual requirements. Failure to comply with these requirements by either us or our channel partners could subject us to investigations, fines, and other penalties, which could materially harm our operating results and financial condition. As an example, the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) and the General Services Administration (GSA) have in the past pursued claims against and financial settlements with IT vendors, including us and several of our competitors and channel partners, under the False Claims Act and other statutes related to pricing and discount practices and compliance with certain provisions of GSA contracts for sales to the federal government. Although the DOJ and GSA currently have no claims pending against us, we could face claims in the future. Violations of certain regulatory and contractual requirements, including with respect to data security, could also result in us being suspended or debarred from future government contracting. Any of these outcomes could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Initiatives intended to make our cost structure, business processes and systems more efficient may not achieve the expected benefits and could inadvertently have an adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

We continuously seek to make our cost structure and business processes more efficient, including by moving our business activities from higher-cost to lower-cost locations, outsourcing certain business processes and functions, and implementing changes to our business information systems. These efforts involve a significant investment of financial and human resources and significant changes to our current operating processes. In addition, as we move operations into lower-cost jurisdictions and outsource certain business processes, we become subject to new regulatory regimes and lose control of certain aspects of our operations and, as a consequence, become more dependent upon the systems and business processes of third-parties. If we are unable to move our operations, outsource business processes and implement new business information systems in a manner that complies with local law and maintains adequate standards, controls and procedures, the quality of our products and services may suffer and we may be subject to increased litigation risk, either of which could have an adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. Additionally, we may not achieve the expected benefits of these and other transformational initiatives, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

There are risks associated with our outstanding and future indebtedness.

As of April 26, 2019, we had $1.6 billion aggregate principal amount of outstanding indebtedness for our senior notes that mature at specific dates in calendar years 2019, 2021, 2022 and 2024, and we had an aggregate of $249 million of commercial paper notes outstanding with maturities ranging from 27 to 38 days. We may incur additional indebtedness in the future under existing credit facilities and/or enter into new financing arrangements. We may fail to pay these or additional future obligations, as and when required. Specifically, if we are unable to generate sufficient cash flows from operations or to borrow sufficient funds in the future to service or refinance our debt, our business, operating results and financial condition will be harmed. Any downgrades from credit rating agencies such as Moody’s Investors Service or Standard & Poor’s Rating Services may adversely impact our ability to obtain additional financing or the terms of such financing and reduce the market capacity for our commercial paper. Furthermore, if

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prevailing interest rates or other factors result in higher interest rates upon any potential future financing, then interest expense related to the refinance indebtedness would increase.

In addition, all our debt and credit facility arrangements subject us to continued compliance with restrictive and financial covenants. If we do not comply with these covenants or otherwise default under the arrangements, we may be required to repay any outstanding amounts borrowed under these agreements. Moreover, compliance with these covenants may restrict our strategic or operational flexibility in the future, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

We are exposed to credit risks and fluctuations in the market values of our investment portfolio.

We maintain an investment portfolio of various holdings, types, and maturities. Credit ratings and pricing of our investments can be negatively affected by liquidity, credit deterioration, financial results, economic risk, political risk, sovereign risk or other factors. As a result, the value and liquidity of our investments may fluctuate substantially. Therefore, although we have not recently realized any significant losses on our investments, future fluctuations in their value could result in a significant realized loss.

Our failure to adjust to emerging standards in the storage and data management industry may harm our business.

Emerging standards in the storage and data management markets may adversely affect the UNIX®, Windows® and World Wide Web server markets upon which we depend. For example, we provide our open access data retention solutions to customers within the financial services, healthcare, pharmaceutical and government market segments, industries that are subject to various evolving governmental regulations with respect to data access, reliability and permanence in the U.S. and in the other countries in which we operate. If our products do not meet and continue to comply with these evolving governmental regulations in this regard, customers in these market and geographical segments will not purchase our products, and we may not be able to expand our product offerings in these market and geographical segments at the rates which we have forecasted.

Some of our products are subject to U.S. export control laws and other laws affecting the countries in which our products and services may be sold, distributed, or delivered, and any violation of these laws could have a material and adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Due to the global nature of our business, we are subject to import and export restrictions and regulations, including the Export Administration Regulations administered by the Commerce Department’s Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) and the trade and economic sanctions regulations administered by the Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC). The U.S., through the BIS and OFAC, places restrictions on the sale or export of certain products and services to certain countries and persons. Violators of these export control and sanctions laws may be subject to significant penalties, which may include significant monetary fines, criminal proceedings against them and their officers and employees, a denial of export privileges, and suspension or debarment from selling products to the federal government. Our products could be shipped to those targets by third parties, including potentially our channel partners, despite our precautions.

If we were ever found to have violated U.S. export control laws, we may be subject to various penalties available under the laws, any of which could have a material and adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition. Even if we were not found to have violated such laws, the political and media scrutiny surrounding any governmental investigation of us could cause us significant expense and reputational harm. Such collateral consequences could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Changes in regulations relating to our products or their components, or the manufacture, sourcing, distribution or use thereof, may harm our business and operating results.

The laws and regulations governing the manufacturing, sourcing, distribution and use of our products have become more complex and stringent over time. For example, in addition to various environmental laws relating to carbon emissions and the use and discharge of hazardous materials, the SEC adopted regulations concerning the supply of certain minerals originating from the conflict zones of the Democratic Republic of Congo or adjoining countries. We incur costs to comply with the disclosure requirements of this law and may realize other costs relating to the sourcing and availability of minerals used in our products. Further, since our supply chain is complex, we may face reputational harm if our customers or other stakeholders conclude that we are unable to verify sufficiently the origins of the minerals used in the products we sell. As the laws and regulations governing our products continue to expand and change, our costs are likely to rise, and the failure to comply with any such laws and regulations could subject us to business interruptions, litigation risks and reputational harm.

Our failure to protect our intellectual property could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our success depends significantly upon developing, maintaining and protecting our proprietary technology. We rely on a combination of patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets, confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions with employees, resellers, strategic partners and customers, to protect our proprietary rights. We currently have multiple U.S. and international patent applications pending and multiple U.S. and international patents issued. The pending applications may not be approved, and our existing and future patents may be challenged. If such challenges are brought, the patents may be invalidated. We may not be able to

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develop proprietary products or technologies that are patentable, and patents issued to us may not provide us with any competitive advantages and may be challenged by third parties. Further, the patents of others may materially and adversel y affect our ability to do business. In addition, a failure to obtain and defend our trademark registrations may impede our marketing and branding efforts and competitive condition. Litigation may be necessary to protect our proprietary technology. Any suc h litigation may be time-consuming and costly. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy aspects of our products or obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. In addition, the laws of som e foreign countries do not protect proprietary rights to as great an extent as do the laws of the U.S. Our means of protecting our proprietary rights may not be adequate or our competitors may independently develop similar technology, duplicate our product s, or design around patents issued to us or other intellectual property rights of ours. In addition, while we train employees in confidentiality practices and include terms in our employee and consultant agreements to protect our intellectual property, the re is persistent risk that some individuals will improperly take our intellectual property after terminating their employment or other engagements with us, which could lead to intellectual property leakage to competitors and a loss of our competitive advan tages.

We may be found to infringe on intellectual property rights of others.

We compete in markets in which intellectual property infringement claims arise in the normal course of business. Third parties have, from time to time, asserted intellectual property-related claims against us, including claims for alleged patent infringement brought by non-practicing entities. Such claims may be made against our products and services, our customers’ use of our products and services, or a combination of our products and third-party products. We also may be subject to claims and indemnification obligations from customers and resellers with respect to third-party intellectual property rights pursuant to our agreements with them. If we refuse to indemnify or defend such claims, even in situations in which the third-party’s allegations are meritless, then customers and resellers may refuse to do business with us.

Patent litigation is particularly common in our industry. We have been, and continue to be, in active patent litigations with non-practicing entities. While we vigorously defend our ability to compete in the marketplace, there is no guarantee that, in patent or other types of intellectual property litigation, we will prevail at trial or be able to settle at a reasonable cost. If a judge or jury were to find that our products infringe, we could be required to pay significant monetary damages and be subject to an injunction that could cause product shipment delays, require us to redesign our products, affect our ability to supply or service our customers, and/or require us to enter into compulsory royalty or licensing agreements.

We expect that companies in the network storage and data management markets will increasingly be subject to infringement claims as the number of products and competitors in our industry segment grows and the functionality of products in different industry segments overlaps. Any such claims, and any such infringement claims discussed above, could be time consuming, result in costly litigation, cause product shipment delays, require us to redesign our products, or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements, any of which could materially and adversely affect our operating results. Such royalty or licensing agreements, if required, may not be available on terms acceptable to us or at all.

We rely on software from third parties, and a failure to properly manage our use of third-party software could result in increased costs or loss of revenue.

Many of our products are designed to include software licensed from third parties. Such third-party software includes software licensed from commercial suppliers and software licensed under public open source licenses. We have internal processes to manage our use of such third-party software. However, if we fail to adequately manage our use of third-party software, then we may be subject to copyright infringement or other third-party claims. If we are non-compliant with a license for commercial software, then we may be required to pay penalties or undergo costly audits pursuant to the license agreement. In the case of open-source software licensed under certain “copyleft” licenses, the license itself may require, or a court-imposed remedy for non-compliant use of the open source software may require, that proprietary portions of our own software be publicly disclosed or licensed. This could result in a loss of intellectual property rights, increased costs, damage to our reputation and/or a loss of revenue.

We are exposed to the credit and non-payment risk of our customers, resellers and distributors, especially during times of economic uncertainty and tight credit markets, which could result in material losses.

Most of our sales to customers are on an open credit basis, with typical payment terms of 30 days. We may experience losses due to a customer’s inability to pay. Beyond our open credit arrangements, some of our customers have entered into recourse and non-recourse financing leasing arrangements using third-party leasing companies. Under the terms of recourse leases, which are generally three years or less, we remain liable for the aggregate unpaid remaining lease payments to the third-party leasing companies in the event of end-user customer default. During periods of economic uncertainty, our exposure to credit risks from our customers increases. In addition, our exposure to credit risks of our customers may increase further if our customers and their customers or their lease financing sources are adversely affected by global economic conditions.

Our business could be materially and adversely affected as a result of natural disasters, terrorist acts or other catastrophic events.

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We depend on the ability of our personnel, inventories, equipment and products to move reasonably unimpeded around the world. Any political, military, terrorism, global trade, world health or other issue that hinders this movement or restricts the import or export of materials could lead to significant business disruptions. Furthermore, any economic failure or other material disruption caused by natural disasters, includ ing fires, floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, and volcanoes; power loss or shortages; environmental disasters; telecommunications or business information systems failures or break-ins and similar events could also adversely affect our ability to conduct busi ness. If such disruptions result in cancellations of customer orders or contribute to a general decrease in economic activity or corporate spending on IT, or directly impact our marketing, manufacturing, financial and logistics functions, or impair our abi lity to meet our customer demands, our operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. Our headquarters is located in Northern California, an area susceptible to earthquakes and wildfires. If any significant disaster were to occur there, our ability to operate our business and our financial condition could be impaired.

Our stock price is subject to volatility.

Our stock price is subject to changes in recommendations or earnings estimates by financial analysts, changes in investors' or analysts' valuation measures for our stock, changes in our capital structure, including issuance of additional debt, changes in our credit ratings, our ability to pay dividends and to continue to execute our stock repurchase program as planned and market trends unrelated to our performance.

Our ability to pay quarterly dividends and to continue to execute our stock repurchase program as planned will be subject to, among other things, our financial condition and operating results, available cash and cash flows in the U.S., capital requirements, and other factors. Future dividends are subject to declaration by our Board of Directors, and our stock repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any specific number of shares. If we fail to meet any expectations related to dividends and/or stock repurchases, the market price of our stock could decline significantly, and could have a material adverse impact on investor confidence. Additionally, price volatility of our stock over a given period may cause the average price at which we repurchase our own stock to exceed the stock’s market price at a given point in time.

Furthermore, speculation in the press or investment community about our strategic position, financial condition, results of operations or business can cause changes in our stock price. These factors, as well as general economic and political conditions and the timing of announcements in the public market regarding new products or services, product enhancements or technological advances by our competitors or us, and any announcements by us of acquisitions, major transactions, or management changes may adversely affect our stock price.

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It em 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

Item 2. | Properties

We own approximately 0.7 million square feet of facilities at our Sunnyvale, California headquarters. The Sunnyvale site supports research and development, corporate general administration, sales and marketing, global services and operations.

We own approximately 0.8 million square feet of facilities in Research Triangle Park (RTP), North Carolina. In addition, we own 65 acres of undeveloped land. The RTP site supports research and development, global services and sales and marketing.

We own forty acres of land and approximately 0.3 million square feet of facilities in Wichita, Kansas. This site supports sales and marketing, research and development, and global services.

We own approximately 0.7 million square feet of facilities in Bangalore, India on 14 acres of land. The Bangalore site supports research and development, marketing and global services.

We lease other sales offices and research and development facilities throughout the U.S. and internationally. We expect that our existing facilities and those being developed worldwide are suitable and adequate for our requirements over at least the next two years and that additional space will be available as needed.

It em 3. | Legal Proceedings

For a discussion of legal proceedings, see Note 18 – Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

It em 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

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PA RT II

It em 5. | Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The Company’s common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (“NASDAQ”) under the symbol NTAP.

Price Range of Common Stock

The price range per share of common stock presented below represents the highest and lowest intraday sales prices for the Company’s common stock on the NASDAQ during each quarter of our two most recent fiscal years.

|  | Fiscal 2019 |  |  | Fiscal 2018 |
|  | High |  |  | Low |  |  | High |  |  | Low |
First Quarter |  | $ | 83.14 |  |  | $ | 63.81 |  |  | $ | 45.24 |  |  | $ | 37.43 |
Second Quarter |  | $ | 88.08 |  |  | $ | 70.26 |  |  | $ | 45.14 |  |  | $ | 37.55 |
Third Quarter |  | $ | 83.95 |  |  | $ | 54.50 |  |  | $ | 64.06 |  |  | $ | 43.24 |
Fourth Quarter |  | $ | 78.35 |  |  | $ | 61.00 |  |  | $ | 69.75 |  |  | $ | 52.00 |

Holders

As of June 7, 2019 there were 413 holders of record of our common stock.

Dividends

The Company paid cash dividends of $0.40 per outstanding common share in each quarter of fiscal 2019 for an aggregate of $403 million, $0.20 per outstanding common share in each quarter of fiscal 2018 for an aggregate of $214 million, and $0.19 per outstanding common share in each quarter of fiscal 2017 for an aggregate of $208 million. In the first quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.48 per share of common stock, payable on July 24, 2019 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on July 5, 2019.

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Performance Graph

The following graph shows a comparison of cumulative total shareholder return, calculated on a dividend reinvested basis, of an investment of $100 for the Company, the S&P 500 Index, the S&P Information Technology Index and the S&P 1500 Technology Hardware & Equipment Index for the five years ended April 26, 2019. The comparisons in the graphs below are based upon historical data and are not indicative of, nor intended to forecast, future performance of our common stock. The graph and related information shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or be deemed to be “filed” with the SEC, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any past or future filing with the SEC, except to the extent that such filing specifically states that such graph and related information are incorporated by reference into such filing.

COMPARISON OF FIVE YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN

Among NetApp, Inc., the S&P 500 Index, the S&P Information Technology Index and the S&P 1500 Technology Hardware & Equipment Index*

*$100 invested on April 25, 2014 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends. Data points are the last day of each fiscal year for the Company’s common stock and each of the indexes.

|  | April 2014 |  |  | April 2015 |  |  | April 2016 |  |  | April 2017 |  |  | April 2018 |  |  | April 2019 |
NetApp, Inc. |  | $ | 100.00 |  |  | $ | 105.06 |  |  | $ | 70.54 |  |  | $ | 121.66 |  |  | $ | 209.11 |  |  | $ | 228.12 |
S&P 500 Index |  | $ | 100.00 |  |  | $ | 115.98 |  |  | $ | 115.62 |  |  | $ | 136.33 |  |  | $ | 155.69 |  |  | $ | 174.89 |
S&P 500 Information Technology Index |  | $ | 100.00 |  |  | $ | 124.83 |  |  | $ | 122.82 |  |  | $ | 166.24 |  |  | $ | 208.27 |  |  | $ | 253.85 |
S&P 1500 Technology Hardware & Equipment Index |  | $ | 100.00 |  |  | $ | 130.63 |  |  | $ | 105.27 |  |  | $ | 155.92 |  |  | $ | 181.54 |  |  | $ | 222.38 |

We believe that a number of factors may cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate significantly. See Item 1A. – Risk Factors.

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Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

The following table provides information with respect to the shares of common stock repurchased by us during the three months ended April 26, 2019:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total Number of Shares |  |  | Approximate Dollar Value |
|  | Total Number |  |  | Average |  |  | Purchased as Part of |  |  | of Shares That May Yet |
|  | of Shares |  |  | Price Paid |  |  | Publicly Announced |  |  | Be Purchased Under The |
Period |  | Purchased |  |  | per Share |  |  | Program |  |  | Repurchase Program |
|  | (Shares in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (Shares in thousands) |  |  | (Dollars in millions) |
January 26, 2019 - February 22, 2019 |  |  | 262 |  |  | $ | 64.77 |  |  |  | 306,255 |  |  | $ | 2,372 |
February 23, 2019 - March 22, 2019 |  |  | 3,380 |  |  | $ | 65.53 |  |  |  | 309,635 |  |  | $ | 2,150 |
March 23, 2019 - April 26, 2019 |  |  | 3,608 |  |  | $ | 72.49 |  |  |  | 313,244 |  |  | $ | 1,889 |
Total |  |  | 7,250 |  |  | $ | 68.97 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

In May 2003, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program. As of April 26, 2019, our Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of up to $13.6 billion of our common stock, including a $4.0 billion increase approved by our Board of Directors in April 2018. Since inception of the program through April 26, 2019, we repurchased a total of 313 million shares of our common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $11.7 billion. Under this program, we may purchase shares of our outstanding common stock through solicited or unsolicited transactions in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions, through accelerated share repurchase programs, pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan or in such other manner as deemed appropriate by our management. The stock repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time.

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It em 6. | Selected Financial Data

The following selected consolidated financial data set forth below was derived from our historical audited consolidated financial statements and should be read in conjunction with Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, and other financial data included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our historical results of operations are not indicative of our future results of operations.

|  | Fiscal Year Ended |
|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 (2) |  |  | April 28, 2017 (2) |  |  | April 29, 2016 |  |  | April 24, 2015 |
|  | (In millions, except per share amounts) |
Net revenues |  | $ | 6,146 |  |  | $ | 5,919 |  |  | $ | 5,491 |  |  | $ | 5,546 |  |  | $ | 6,123 |
Gross profit |  | $ | 3,945 |  |  | $ | 3,709 |  |  | $ | 3,364 |  |  | $ | 3,373 |  |  | $ | 3,833 |
Provision for income taxes (1) |  | $ | 99 |  |  | $ | 1,083 |  |  | $ | 140 |  |  | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 153 |
Net income |  | $ | 1,169 |  |  | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 481 |  |  | $ | 229 |  |  | $ | 560 |
Net income per share, basic |  | $ | 4.60 |  |  | $ | 0.43 |  |  | $ | 1.75 |  |  | $ | 0.78 |  |  | $ | 1.77 |
Net income per share, diluted |  | $ | 4.51 |  |  | $ | 0.42 |  |  | $ | 1.71 |  |  | $ | 0.77 |  |  | $ | 1.75 |
Shares used in basic computation |  |  | 254 |  |  |  | 268 |  |  |  | 275 |  |  |  | 294 |  |  |  | 316 |
Shares used in diluted computation |  |  | 259 |  |  |  | 276 |  |  |  | 281 |  |  |  | 297 |  |  |  | 321 |
Cash dividends declared per share |  | $ | 1.60 |  |  | $ | 0.80 |  |  | $ | 0.76 |  |  | $ | 0.72 |  |  | $ | 0.66 |

|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 (2) |  |  | April 28, 2017 (2) |  |  | April 29, 2016 |  |  | April 24, 2015 |
|  | (In millions) |
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments |  | $ | 3,899 |  |  | $ | 5,391 |  |  | $ | 4,921 |  |  | $ | 5,303 |  |  | $ | 5,326 |
Working capital |  | $ | 1,743 |  |  | $ | 3,421 |  |  | $ | 2,178 |  |  | $ | 2,786 |  |  | $ | 4,064 |
Total assets |  | $ | 8,741 |  |  | $ | 9,991 |  |  | $ | 9,562 |  |  | $ | 10,037 |  |  | $ | 9,401 |
Total debt |  | $ | 1,793 |  |  | $ | 1,926 |  |  | $ | 1,993 |  |  | $ | 2,339 |  |  | $ | 1,487 |
Total deferred revenue and financed unearned services revenue |  | $ | 3,668 |  |  | $ | 3,363 |  |  | $ | 3,213 |  |  | $ | 3,385 |  |  | $ | 3,197 |
Total stockholders' equity |  | $ | 1,090 |  |  | $ | 2,276 |  |  | $ | 2,949 |  |  | $ | 2,881 |  |  | $ | 3,414 |

(1) In fiscal 2018, our provision for income taxes included significant charges attributable to United States tax reform.

(2) Fiscal 2018 and 2017 have been adjusted for our retrospective adoption of the new accounting standard Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606). Refer to Note 7 – Revenue of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for details.

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It em 7. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with the financial statements and the accompanying notes set forth under Item 8. – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. The following discussion also contains trend information and other forward-looking statements that involve a number of risks and uncertainties. The Risk Factors set forth in Item 1A. – Risk Factors are hereby incorporated into the discussion by reference.

Executive Overview

Our Company

NetApp is the data authority for hybrid cloud. We provide a full range of hybrid cloud data services that simplify management of applications and data across cloud and on-premises environments to accelerate digital transformation. Together with our partners, we empower global organizations to unleash the full potential of their data to expand customer touchpoints, foster greater innovation and optimize their operations.

NetApp delivers a Data Fabric built for the data-driven world. Our Data Fabric simplifies the integration and orchestration of data for applications and analytics in clouds, across clouds and on-premises to accelerate digital transformation. We deliver a Data Fabric with consistent data services for data visibility and insights, data access and control, and data protection and security, that unleashes the power of data to achieve a new competitive advantage.

We focus on delivering an exceptional customer experience to become our customers’ preferred data partner. NetApp’s unique approach to data services enables organizations to inspire innovation with the cloud, build clouds to accelerate new services, and modernize IT architecture with cloud-connected flash.

With NetApp products and solutions, customers can:

| • | Continually fuel business growth by delivering data-rich customer experiences through new application deployments that easily use data and services regardless of where they reside or in what form.

| • | Accelerate digital transformation by developing a next-generation, cloud-architected infrastructure that manages data and services as one integrated resource supporting both public and private clouds.

| • | Free the resources necessary to fund transformation by deploying the industry’s leading flash storage solution, which is highly efficient and scales from the edge to the core to the cloud.

Customers are attracted by the speed and scale benefits of the public cloud but need new data management capabilities to keep control of data as it moves beyond the walls of the enterprise. NetApp believes the hybrid cloud is fast becoming the dominant model for enterprise IT. Our Data Fabric approach enables our customers to manage, secure and protect their data from on-premises to public to hybrid clouds, all at the scale needed to accommodate the exponential data growth of the digital world.

Budget constraints and skill imbalances lead our customers to seek help in integrating, deploying and managing the solutions they need to stay competitive. This drives demand for converged and hyper-converged infrastructure solutions. FlexPod is the converged infrastructure of choice for many of the largest enterprises around the globe. Customers can break free from the limits of first-generation HCI with NetApp HCI and attain guaranteed performance with high levels of flexibility, scale, automation, and integration with the Data Fabric.

Flash plays a key role in customers’ digital transformation efforts as they seek to gain advantage through greater speed, responsiveness and value from key business applications—all while lowering total cost of ownership. All-flash array technology is the de facto choice as customers seek performance and economic benefits from replacing hard disk installations. With a highly differentiated and broad portfolio of all-flash and hybrid array offerings, NetApp is well positioned to enable customers to accomplish this transition.

To provide visibility into our transition from older products to our newer, higher growth products and clarity into the dynamics of our product revenue, we have historically grouped our products by “Strategic” and “Mature” solutions. Strategic solutions include Clustered ONTAP, branded E-Series, SolidFire, converged and hyper-converged infrastructure, enterprise software license agreements (ELAs) and other optional add-on software products. Mature solutions include 7-mode ONTAP, add-on hardware and related operating system (OS) software and original equipment manufacturers (OEM) products. Both our Mature and Strategic product lines include a mix of disk, hybrid and all flash storage media.

Additionally, we provide a variety of services including software maintenance, hardware maintenance and other services including professional services, global support solutions, and customer education and training to help customers most effectively manage their data. Revenues generated by our Cloud Data Services offerings are included in software maintenance revenues.

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Financial Results and Key Performance Metrics Overview

The following table provides an overview of some of our key financial metrics for each of the last three fiscal years (in millions, except per share amounts, percentages and cash conversion cycle):

|  | Year Ended |
|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |  |  | April 28, 2017 |
Net revenues |  | $ | 6,146 |  |  | $ | 5,919 |  |  | $ | 5,491 |
Gross profit |  | $ | 3,945 |  |  | $ | 3,709 |  |  | $ | 3,364 |
Gross profit margin percentage |  |  | 64 | % |  |  | 63 | % |  |  | 61 | %
Income from operations |  | $ | 1,221 |  |  | $ | 1,158 |  |  | $ | 621 |
Income from operations as a percentage of net revenues |  |  | 20 | % |  |  | 20 | % |  |  | 11 | %
Provision for income taxes |  | $ | 99 |  |  | $ | 1,083 |  |  | $ | 140 |
Net income |  | $ | 1,169 |  |  | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 481 |
Diluted net income per share |  | $ | 4.51 |  |  | $ | 0.42 |  |  | $ | 1.71 |
Operating cash flows |  | $ | 1,341 |  |  | $ | 1,478 |  |  | $ | 986 |

|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |
Deferred revenue and financed unearned services revenue |  | $ | 3,668 |  |  | $ | 3,363 |
Cash conversion cycle (days) |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | (14 | )

| • | Net revenues: Our net revenues increased 4% in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018. This was primarily due to an increase of 7% in product revenues, partially offset by a 3% decrease in software and hardware maintenance and other services revenues.

| • | Gross profit margin percentage: Our gross profit margin as a percentage of net revenues increased by one percentage point in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018, reflecting an increase in gross profit margin on product revenues, and, to a lesser extent, an increase in gross profit margin on hardware maintenance and other services revenues.

| • | Income from operations as a percentage of net revenues: Our income from operations as a percentage of net revenues remained relatively flat in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018.

| • | Provision for income taxes: Our provision for income taxes decreased significantly in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018 as significant charges were recorded in fiscal 2018 in connection with U.S. tax reform.

| • | Net income and Diluted income per share: The increase in both net income and diluted net income per share in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018 reflect the factors discussed above. Diluted net income per share was favorably impacted by a 6% decrease in the annual weighted average number of dilutive shares, primarily due to share repurchases.

| • | Operating cash flows: Operating cash flows decreased by 9% in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018, reflecting changes in operating assets and liabilities, partially offset by higher net income.

| • | Deferred revenue and financed unearned services revenue: Total deferred revenue and financed unearned services revenue increased $305 million, or 9%, as of fiscal 2019 year end compared to fiscal 2018 year end primarily due to increases in the installed base and aggregate contract values under software and hardware maintenance contracts.

| • | Cash Conversion Cycle: Our cash conversion cycle was 3 days in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019, compared to (14) days in the corresponding period of fiscal 2018, reflecting lower Days Payables Outstanding, higher Days Inventory Outstanding, and higher Days Sales Outstanding.

Stock Repurchase Program and Dividend Activity

During fiscal 2019, we repurchased 29 million shares of our common stock at an average price of $72.87 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $2.1 billion. We also declared cash dividends of an aggregate of $1.60 per share in fiscal 2019, for which we paid an aggregate of $403 million.

Adoption of Revenue Accounting Standard

As of the beginning of fiscal 2019, we adopted the new accounting standard Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606) using the full retrospective method of adoption. Accordingly, our prior years consolidated financial statements and supplementary data, as presented herein, have been restated to conform to the new rules. As illustrated in Note 7 – Revenue of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, the overall impact of adoption was not significant to prior years. However, application of the new rules to our ELAs resulted in over $100 million of product revenues for such arrangements in fiscal 2019, that are incremental to the amounts we would have recognized under the old standard. Under ASC 606, we recognize the software license fee component of our ELAs up-front, whereas under the prior rules the software license fee was recognized over the term of the ELA.

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Rest ructuring Event s

During fiscal 2019, we announced two separate restructuring and reduction in workforce plans designed to reduce costs and redirect resources to our highest return activities. In connection with these plans, we reduced our worldwide headcount by less than 3%, and incurred aggregate charges of approximately $35 million, consisting primarily of employee severance costs.

Joint Venture

During fiscal 2019, we formed a joint venture with Lenovo (Beijing) Information Technology Ltd. (“Lenovo”) in China and, in February 2019, contributed assets to the newly formed entity, Lenovo NetApp Technology Limited (“LNTL”), which began operations the same month, in exchange for a non-controlling 49% equity interest. The assets we contributed had an aggregate book value of $7 million, while the fair value of our equity interest in LNTL was determined to be $80 million, resulting in a gain of $73 million. LNTL will be integral to our sales channels strategy in China, acting as a distributor of our offerings to customers headquartered there, and involved in certain OEM sales to Lenovo. It will also endeavor to localize our products and services, and to develop new joint offerings for the China market by leveraging NetApp and Lenovo technologies.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (GAAP), which require management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, net revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Our estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. We believe that the accounting estimates employed and the resulting balances are reasonable; however, actual results may differ from these estimates and such differences may be material.

The summary of significant accounting policies is included in Note 1 – Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. An accounting policy is deemed to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, if different estimates reasonably could have been used, or if changes in the estimate that are reasonably possible could materially impact the financial statements. The accounting policies described below reflect the significant judgments, estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

Our contracts with customers often include the transfer of multiple products and services to the customer. In determining the amount and timing of revenue recognition, we assess which products and services are distinct performance obligations and allocate the transaction price, which may include fixed and/or variable amounts, among each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price (SSP) basis. The following are the key estimates and assumptions and corresponding uncertainties included in this approach:

| Key Estimates and Assumptions |  |  | Key Uncertainties
• | We evaluate whether products and services promised in our contracts with customers are distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together. |  | • | In certain contracts, the determination of our distinct performance obligations requires significant judgment. As our business and offerings to customers change over time, the products and services we determine to be distinct performance obligations may change. Such changes may adversely impact the amount of revenue and gross margin we report in a particular period.
• | In determining the transaction price of our contracts, we estimate variable consideration based on the expected value, primarily relying on our history. In certain situations, we may also use the most likely amount as the basis of our estimate. |  | • | We may have insufficient relevant historical data or other information to arrive at an accurate estimate of variable consideration using either the “expected value” or “most likely amount” method. Additionally, changes in business practices, such as those related to sales returns or marketing programs, may introduce new forms of variable consideration, as well as more complexity and uncertainty in the estimation process.

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• | In contracts with multiple performance obligations, we establish SSPs based on the price at which products and services are sold separately. If SSPs are not observable through past transactions, we estimate them using available information including, but n ot limited to, market data and other observable inputs. |  | • | As our business and offerings evolve over time, modifications to our pricing and discounting methodologies, changes in the scope and nature of product and service offerings and/or changes in customer segmentation may result in a lack of consistency, making it difficult to establish and/or maintain SSPs. Changes in SSPs could result in different and unanticipated allocations of revenue in contracts with multiple performance obligations. These factors, among others, may adversely impact the amount of revenue and gross margin we report in a particular period.

Inventory Valuation and Purchase Order Accruals

Inventories consist primarily of purchased components and finished goods and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, which approximates actual cost on a first-in, first-out basis. A provision is recorded when inventory is determined to be in excess of anticipated demand or obsolete in order to adjust inventory to its estimated realizable value. The following are the key estimates and assumptions and corresponding uncertainties for estimating the value of our inventories:

| Key Estimates and Assumptions |  |  | Key Uncertainties
• | We periodically perform an excess and obsolete analysis of our inventory. Inventories are written down based on excess and obsolete reserves determined primarily on assumptions about future demand forecasts and market conditions. At the point of the loss recognition, a new, lower cost basis for that inventory is established, and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis. |  | • | Although we use our best estimates to forecast future product demand, any significant unanticipated changes in demand or obsolescence related to technological developments, new product introductions, customer requirements, competition or other factors could have a significant impact on the valuation of our inventory. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected, additional write-downs and other charges against earnings that adversely impact gross margins may be required. If actual market conditions are more favorable, we may realize higher gross profits in the period when the written-down inventory is sold. We are subject to a variety of environmental laws relating to the manufacture of our products. If there are changes to the current regulations, we may be required to make product design changes which may result in excess or obsolete inventory, which could adversely impact our operating results.
• | We make commitments to our third-party contract manufacturers and other suppliers to manage lead times and meet product forecasts and to other parties to purchase various key components used in the manufacture of our products. We establish accruals for estimated losses on non-cancelable purchase commitments when we believe it is probable that the components will not be utilized in future operations. |  | • | If the actual materials demand is significantly lower than our forecast, we may be required to increase our recorded liabilities for estimated losses on non-cancelable purchase commitments which would adversely impact our operating results.

Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets

We allocate the purchase price of acquisitions to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values based on established valuation techniques. Goodwill represents the residual value as of the acquisition date, which in most cases is measured as the excess of the purchase consideration transferred over the net of the acquisition date fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

The carrying values of purchased intangible assets are reviewed whenever events and circumstances indicate that the net book value of an asset may not be recovered through expected future cash flows from its use and eventual disposition. We periodically review the estimated remaining useful lives of our intangible assets. This review may result in impairment charges or shortened useful lives, resulting in charges to our consolidated statements of operations.

We review goodwill for impairment annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of our reporting unit may exceed its fair value. The provisions of the accounting standard for goodwill allow us to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. For our annual goodwill impairment test in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019, we performed a quantitative test and determined the fair value of our reporting unit substantially exceeded its carrying amount, therefore, found no impairment of goodwill.

The following are the key estimates and assumptions and corresponding uncertainties for estimating the value of our goodwill and

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purchased intangible assets:

| Key Estimates and Assumptions |  |  | Key Uncertainties
• | The assessment of fair value for goodwill and purchased intangible assets is based on factors that market participants would use in an orderly transaction in accordance with the accounting guidance for the fair value measurement of nonfinancial assets. The valuation of purchased intangible assets is principally based on estimates of the future performance and cash flows expected to be generated by the acquired assets from the acquired business. |  | • | While we employ experts to determine the acquisition date fair value of acquired intangibles, the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on significant management assumptions and estimates, which are inherently uncertain and highly subjective and as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. If different assumptions were to be used, it could materially impact the purchase price allocation.
• | Evaluations of possible goodwill and purchased intangible assets impairment require us to make judgments and assumptions related to the allocation of our balance sheet and income statement amounts and estimate future cash flows and fair market values of our reporting unit and assets. |  | • | In response to changes in industry and market conditions, we could be required to strategically realign our resources and consider restructuring, disposing of, or otherwise exiting businesses, which could result in an impairment of goodwill or purchased intangible assets. Assumptions and estimates about expected future cash flows and the fair values of our reporting unit and purchased intangible assets are complex and subjective. They can be affected by a variety of factors, including external factors such as the adverse impact of unanticipated changes in macroeconomic conditions and technological changes or new product introductions from competitors. They can also be affected by internal factors such as changes in business strategy or in forecasted product life cycles and roadmaps. Our ongoing consideration of these and other factors could result in future impairment charges or accelerated amortization expense, which could adversely affect our operating results.

Product Warranties

Estimated future hardware and software warranty costs are recorded as a cost of product revenues at the time of product shipment. We assess the adequacy of our warranty accrual each quarter and adjust the amount as considered necessary.

The following are the key estimates and assumptions and corresponding uncertainties for product warranties:

| Key Estimates and Assumptions |  |  | Key Uncertainties
• | Estimated future software and hardware warranty costs are based on historical and projected warranty claim rates, product failure rates, historical and projected materials and logistics costs, distribution and labor costs and knowledge of specific product failures that are outside of our typical experience. We also evaluate our estimates to assess the adequacy of our warranty liability considering the size of the installed base of products subject to warranty protection and adjust the estimates as necessary. |  | • | Although we engage in product quality programs and processes, if we experience unexpected quality issues resulting in higher failure rates or experience increases in costs to remediate product failures, additional warranty costs may be incurred. Additionally, for new products our warranty liability is based on limited historical experience. If our projections differ from such limited experience, our warranty costs may increase, which could adversely impact our gross margins.

Valuation of Investment Securities

Our investments in debt securities are reported at fair value and are subject to periodic impairment review. Unrealized gains and losses related to changes in the fair value of these securities are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, unless they are determined to be other-than-temporary impairments. The ultimate value realized on these securities is subject to market price volatility until they are sold.

The following are the key estimates and assumptions and corresponding uncertainties for the valuation of our investment securities:

| Key Estimates and Assumptions |  |  | Key Uncertainties

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• | The estimated fair value of our debt securities, and the associated accounting for unrealized losses is based on an evaluation of current economic and market conditions, the credit rating of the security’s issuer, the length of time and extent the security’s fair value has been below its amortized cost and our ability and intent to hold the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for anticipated recovery in value. If we determine that an investment has an other-than-temporary decline in fair value, we recognize the investment loss in earnings. |  | • | The fair value of our investments in debt securities could decrease significantly from uncertainties in the credit and capital markets, credit rating downgrades and/or solvency of the issuer, decreases in the marketability of the securities. If the fair value of our investments decreases significantly and, if because of changes in our ability and intent to continue to hold the securities or other factors, it is determined to be other-than-temporary, we may incur impairment charges that could adversely affect our results of operations.

Income Taxes

We are subject to income taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. We compute our provision for income taxes using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and for operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which those tax assets are expected to be realized or settled. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is believed more likely than not to be realized.

The following are the key estimates and assumptions and corresponding uncertainties for our income taxes:

| Key Estimates and Assumptions |  |  | Key Uncertainties
• | Our income tax provision is based on existing tax law and advanced pricing agreements or letter rulings we have with various tax authorities. |  | • | Our provision for income taxes is subject to volatility and could be adversely impacted by future changes in existing tax laws, such as a change in tax rate, possible U.S. changes to the taxation of earnings of our foreign subsidiaries, and uncertainties as to future renewals of favorable tax agreements and rulings.
• | The determination of whether we should record or adjust a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets is based on assumptions regarding our future profitability. |  | • | Our future profits could differ from current expectations resulting in a change to our determination as to the amount of deferred tax assets that are more likely than not to be realized. We could adjust our valuation allowance with a corresponding impact to the tax provision in the period in which such determination is made.
• | The estimates for our uncertain tax positions are based primarily on company specific circumstances, applicable tax laws, tax opinions from outside firms and past results from examinations of our income tax returns. |  | • | Significant judgment is required in evaluating our uncertain tax positions. Although we believe our reserves are reasonable, no assurance can be given that the final tax outcome or tax court rulings of these matters will not be different from that which is reflected in our historical tax provisions and accruals.

New Accounting Standards

See Note 2 – Recent Accounting Standards Not Yet Effective of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a full description of new accounting pronouncements, including the respective expected dates of adoption and effects on our financial statements.

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Results of Operations

Our fiscal year is reported on a 52- or 53-week year that ends on the last Friday in April. An additional week is included in the first fiscal quarter approximately every six years to realign fiscal months with calendar months. Fiscal year 2019, which ended on April 26, 2019, fiscal year 2018, which ended on April 27, 2018, and fiscal year 2017, which ended on April 28, 2017, were each 52-week years. Unless otherwise stated, references to particular years, quarters, months and periods refer to our fiscal years ended in April and the associated quarters, months and periods of those fiscal years.

The following table sets forth certain Consolidated Statements of Operations data as a percentage of net revenues for the periods indicated:

|  | Fiscal Year |  |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product |  |  | 61 |  | % |  | 60 |  | % |  | 56 |  | %
Software maintenance |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 16 |  |
Hardware maintenance and other services |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 28 |  |
Net revenues |  |  | 100 |  |  |  | 100 |  |  |  | 100 |  |
Cost of revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of product |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 29 |  |
Cost of software maintenance |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1 |  |
Cost of hardware maintenance and other services |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 9 |  |
Gross profit |  |  | 64 |  |  |  | 63 |  |  |  | 61 |  |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 30 |  |
Research and development |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 14 |  |
General and administrative |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 5 |  |
Restructuring charges |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1 |  |
Gain on sale or derecognition of assets |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | — |  |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 44 |  |  |  | 43 |  |  |  | 50 |  |
Income from operations |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 11 |  |
Other income, net |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |
Income before income taxes |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 11 |  |
Provision for income taxes |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 3 |  |
Net income |  |  | 19 |  | % |  | 2 |  | % |  | 9 |  | %

Percentages may not add due to rounding

Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations

Overview — Net revenues for fiscal 2019 were $6,146 million, an increase of $227 million, or 4% compared to fiscal 2018, reflecting higher product and software maintenance revenues, partially offset by slightly lower hardware maintenance and other services revenues. Net revenues for fiscal 2018 were $5,919 million, an increase of $428 million, or 8% compared to fiscal 2017, reflecting higher product revenues, partially offset by slightly lower hardware maintenance and other services revenues.

Gross profit as a percentage of net revenues for fiscal 2019 increased by one and a half percentage points compared to fiscal 2018, reflecting higher margins on product revenues and hardware maintenance and other services revenues. Gross profit margins on product revenues in fiscal 2019 increased two and a half percentage points compared to fiscal 2018, primarily due to higher average selling prices (ASPs) and revenue recognized during fiscal 2019 related to the software license components of several ELAs, partially offset by the unfavorable impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Gross profit as a percentage of net revenues for fiscal 2018 increased by one and a half percentage points compared to fiscal 2017, reflecting higher margins on product revenues, and slightly higher margins on hardware maintenance and other services revenues.

Sales and marketing, research and development, and general and administrative expenses for fiscal 2019 totaled $2,762 million, or 45% of net revenues, representing a decrease of two percentage points compared to fiscal 2018, primarily due to higher net revenues in the current year. Sales and marketing, research and development, and general and administrative expenses for fiscal 2018 totaled $2,769 million, or 47% of net revenues, representing a decrease of two and a half percentage points compared to fiscal 2017, primarily due to higher net revenues in fiscal 2018, coupled with relatively consistent average headcount in both fiscal years.

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Net Revenues (in millions, except percentages):

|  |  | Fiscal Year |
|  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | % Change |  |  | 2017 |  |  | % Change |
Net revenues |  |  | $ | 6,146 |  |  | $ | 5,919 |  |  |  | 4 | % |  | $ | 5,491 |  |  |  | 8 | %

The increase in net revenues for fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018 was primarily due to an increase of $230 million in product revenues. Product revenues as a percent of net revenues increased one and a half percentage points in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018.

The increase in net revenues for fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017 was primarily due to an increase of $465 million in product revenues. Product revenues as a percent of net revenues increased four percentage points in fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017.

Sales through our indirect channels represented 76%, 79% and 78% of net revenues in fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The following customers, each of which is a distributor, accounted for 10% or more of net revenues:

|  | Fiscal Year |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Arrow Electronics, Inc. |  |  | 24 | % |  |  | 23 | % |  |  | 22 | %
Tech Data Corporation (previously presented as Avnet, Inc.) |  |  | 20 | % |  |  | 20 | % |  |  | 20 | %

Product Revenues (in millions, except percentages):

|  |  | Fiscal Year |
|  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | % Change |  |  | 2017 |  |  | % Change |
Product revenues |  |  | $ | 3,755 |  |  | $ | 3,525 |  |  |  | 7 | % |  | $ | 3,060 |  |  |  | 15 | %

Product revenues are derived through the sale of our strategic and mature solutions, and consist of sales of configured systems, which are bundled hardware and software products, as well as add-on flash, disk and/or hybrid storage and related OS, original equipment manufacturer (OEM) products and add-on hardware and software.

Product revenues from strategic solutions represented 72% of product revenues in fiscal 2019, compared to 70% in fiscal 2018. Product revenues from mature solutions represented 28% of product revenues in fiscal 2019, compared to 30% in fiscal 2018.

Total product revenues from strategic solutions totaled $2,709 million in fiscal 2019, reflecting a 10% increase from $2,468 million in fiscal 2018. This increase was primarily due to over $100 million of revenues from the software license component of several ELAs in fiscal 2019 which, under ASC 606, were recognized up-front. Comparable ELA revenues were immaterial in fiscal 2018. Revenues generated from the sale of optional add-on software unrelated to ELAs, and hyperconverged infrastructure solutions also increased in fiscal 2019, offset by a decrease in unit volume of Clustered ONTAP systems. Total product revenue from mature solutions totaled $1,046 million in fiscal 2019 reflecting a slight decrease from $1,057 million in fiscal 2018 due to our discontinuation of 7-mode systems in fiscal 2019, reflecting the movement of customers to our newer products, partially offset by an increase in add-on hardware, and related OS software revenues.

Total product revenues from strategic solutions totaled $2,468 million in fiscal 2018, reflecting a 23% increase from $2,000 million in fiscal 2017. This increase was primarily due to an increase in unit volume of Clustered ONTAP systems and an increase in ASP driven by sales of our All-Flash FAS products. Total product revenue from mature solutions totaled $1,057 million in fiscal 2018, reflecting a slight decrease from $1,060 million in fiscal 2017, primarily due to a decrease in unit volume of 7-mode systems and a decrease in OEM revenues, partially offset by an increase in add-on hardware, storage and related OS revenues. These fluctuations reflect our planned transition of our product offerings and the adoption by our customers of our newer all-flash and hybrid-cloud compatible products.

Software Maintenance Revenues (in millions, except percentages):

|  |  | Fiscal Year |
|  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | % Change |  |  | 2017 |  |  | % Change |
Software maintenance revenues |  |  | $ | 946 |  |  | $ | 902 |  |  |  | 5 | % |  | $ | 905 |  |  |  | — | %

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Software maintenance revenues are associated with contracts which entitle customers to receive unspecified product upgrades an d enhancements on a when-and-if-available basis, bug fixes and patch releases, as well as internet and telephone access to technical support personnel located in our global support centers.

The fluctuations in software maintenance revenues reflect fluctuations in the aggregate contract value of the installed base under software maintenance contracts, which is recognized as revenue ratably over the terms of the underlying contracts.

Hardware Maintenance and Other Services Revenues (in millions, except percentages):

|  |  | Fiscal Year |
|  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | % Change |  |  | 2017 |  |  | % Change |
Hardware maintenance and other services revenues |  |  | $ | 1,445 |  |  | $ | 1,492 |  |  |  | (3 | )% |  | $ | 1,526 |  |  |  | (2 | )%

Hardware maintenance and other services revenues include hardware maintenance, professional services and educational and training services revenues.

Hardware maintenance contract revenues were $1,182 million, $1,214 million and $1,258 million in fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, reflecting a year over year decrease of 3% in both fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018. These decreases were primarily attributable to a decline in ASP on contracts executed during those years, as well as lower contract renewal rates.

Professional services and educational and training services revenues were $263 million, $278 million and $268 million in fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Revenues by Geographic Area:

|  | Fiscal Year |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
United States, Canada and Latin America (Americas) |  |  | 56 | % |  |  | 54 | % |  |  | 55 | %
Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) |  |  | 30 | % |  |  | 32 | % |  |  | 32 | %
Asia Pacific (APAC) |  |  | 14 | % |  |  | 14 | % |  |  | 13 | %

Percentages may not add due to rounding

Americas revenues consist of sales to Americas commercial and United States (U.S.) public sector markets. During fiscal 2019, Americas revenues as a percentage of net revenues increased, reflecting higher product revenues, while EMEA revenues decreased slightly, primarily reflecting the unfavorable impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Our geographic distribution of revenues as a percentage of net revenues was relatively consistent in fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017.

Cost of Revenues

Our cost of revenues consists of three elements: (1) cost of product revenues, which includes the costs of manufacturing and shipping our storage products, amortization of purchased intangible assets, inventory write-downs, and warranty costs, (2) cost of software maintenance, which includes the costs of providing software maintenance and third-party royalty costs and (3) cost of hardware maintenance and other services revenues, which includes costs associated with providing support activities for hardware maintenance, global support partnership programs, professional services and educational and training services.

Cost of Product Revenues (in millions, except percentages):

|  |  | Fiscal Year |
|  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | % Change |  |  | 2017 |  |  | % Change |
Cost of product revenues |  |  | $ | 1,752 |  |  | $ | 1,738 |  |  |  | 1 | % |  | $ | 1,612 |  |  |  | 8 | %

The changes in cost of product revenues consisted of the following (in percentage points of the total change):

|  | Fiscal 2019 to Fiscal 2018 |  |  | Fiscal 2018 to Fiscal 2017 |
|  | Percentage Change Points |  |  | Percentage Change Points |
Materials costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7 |
Other |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |
Total change |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 8 |

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Cost of product revenues represented 47%, 49% and 53% of product revenues for fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Materials cost represented 90%, 91% and 91% of product costs for fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Materials costs decreased $5 million in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018, primarily due to a decline in the price of certain product components. The average unit materials costs of Clustered ONTAP systems decreased slightly in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018.

Margins on revenue recognized for strategic solutions were higher in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018 primarily due to the benefit of high margins realized on the software license components of several ELAs, and, to a lesser extent, higher ASPs. Margins for mature products also increased slightly in fiscal 2019. Foreign exchange rate fluctuations resulted in a slight unfavorable impact to margins in fiscal 2019.

Materials costs increased $108 million in fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017, reflecting a 15% increase in materials costs related to strategic products, primarily due to higher unit volume of Clustered ONTAP systems. The average unit materials costs of Clustered ONTAP systems also increased slightly in fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017.

An increase in ASP for strategic systems resulted in higher margins for strategic products in fiscal 2018 compared to the prior year. Margins in fiscal 2018 also benefitted from the favorable impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Margins for mature products were relatively consistent in fiscal 2018 compared to the prior year.

Cost of Software Maintenance Revenues (in millions, except percentages):

|  |  | Fiscal Year |
|  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | % Change |  |  | 2017 |  |  | % Change |
Cost of software maintenance revenues |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  |  | 40 | % |  | $ | 28 |  |  |  | (11 | )%

Cost of software maintenance revenues in dollars was relatively flat in each fiscal year presented and represented 4%, 3% and 3% of software maintenance revenues for fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Cost of Hardware Maintenance and Other Services Revenues (in millions, except percentages):

|  |  | Fiscal Year |
|  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | % Change |  |  | 2017 |  |  | % Change |
Cost of hardware maintenance and other services revenues |  |  | $ | 414 |  |  | $ | 447 |  |  |  | (7 | )% |  | $ | 487 |  |  |  | (8 | )%

Cost of hardware maintenance and other services revenues decreased $33 million, or 7%, in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018 and decreased $40 million, or 8%, in fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017, primarily due to the favorable impact of cost savings initiatives. Costs represented 29%, 30% and 32% of hardware maintenance and other services revenues for fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Operating Expenses

Sales and Marketing, Research and Development and General and Administrative Expenses

Compensation costs represent the largest component of operating expenses. Included in compensation costs are salaries, benefits, other compensation-related costs, stock-based compensation expense and employee incentive compensation plan costs.

Total compensation costs included in operating expenses decreased $15 million, or 1% during fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018, primarily due to lower incentive compensation expenses reflecting lower operating performance against goals, and, to a lesser extent, the favorable impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations, partially offset by higher salaries and benefits expense, reflecting a slight increase in average headcount.

Total compensation costs included in operating expenses increased $21 million, or 1% during fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017, primarily due to higher incentive compensation expense, reflecting stronger operating performance against goals, and higher salary expense, reflecting merit increases and the unfavorable impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations. These increases were partially offset by lower stock-based compensation expense. Average headcount was relatively consistent in both fiscal years.

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Sales and Marketing (in millions, except percentages):

|  |  | Fiscal Year |
|  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | % Change |  |  | 2017 |  |  | % Change |
Sales and marketing expenses |  |  | $ | 1,657 |  |  | $ | 1,706 |  |  |  | (3 | )% |  | $ | 1,651 |  |  |  | 3 | %

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of compensation costs, commissions, outside services, allocated facilities and IT support costs, advertising and marketing promotional expense and travel and entertainment expense. The changes in sales and marketing expenses consisted of the following:

|  | Fiscal 2019 to Fiscal 2018 |  |  | Fiscal 2018 to Fiscal 2017 |
|  | Percentage Change Points |  |  | Percentage Change Points |
Compensation costs |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | 1 |
Commissions |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1 |
Facilities and IT support costs |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |
Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1 |
Total change |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | 3 |

The decrease in compensation costs in fiscal 2019 reflects a slight reduction in average headcount and, to a lesser extent, the favorable impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Facilities and IT support costs decreased during fiscal 2019 primarily due to cost containment efforts.

The increase in compensation costs in fiscal 2018 reflects higher average salaries due to merit increases and the unfavorable impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations, partially offset by a slight reduction in average headcount. The increase in commissions expense was due to higher performance against sales goals.

Research and Development (in millions, except percentages):

|  |  | Fiscal Year |
|  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | % Change |  |  | 2017 |  |  | % Change |
Research and development expenses |  |  | $ | 827 |  |  | $ | 783 |  |  |  | 6 | % |  | $ | 779 |  |  |  | 1 | %

Research and development expenses consist primarily of compensation costs, allocated facilities and IT support costs, depreciation, equipment and software related costs, prototypes, non-recurring engineering charges and other outside services costs. Changes in research and development expense consisted of the following:

|  | Fiscal 2019 to Fiscal 2018 |  |  | Fiscal 2018 to Fiscal 2017 |
|  | Percentage Change Points |  |  | Percentage Change Points |
Compensation costs |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 1 |
Development projects and outside services |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |
Facilities and IT support costs |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | (1 | )
Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total change |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 1 |

The increase in compensation costs for fiscal 2019 was attributable to an increase in average headcount of 7%, resulting in higher salaries and benefits expense, that was partially offset by lower incentive compensation expense and, to a lesser extent, the favorable impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations. The average headcount increase reflects our investment in additional engineering resources to support the expansion and enhancement of products and solutions targeted at our most important customer and market opportunities. Facilities and IT support costs increased in fiscal 2019 in connection with the increase in average headcount.

Development projects and outside services expense increased in each of fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018 as a result of higher spending on materials and services associated with engineering activities to develop new products and enhance existing products.

The increase in compensation costs for fiscal 2018 reflects higher incentive compensation expense than in fiscal 2017, partially offset by lower stock-based compensation expense.

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General and Administrative (in millions, except percentages):

|  |  | Fiscal Year |
|  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | % Change |  |  | 2017 |  |  | % Change |
General and administrative expenses |  |  | $ | 278 |  |  | $ | 280 |  |  |  | (1 | )% |  | $ | 271 |  |  |  | 3 | %

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation costs, professional and corporate legal fees, outside services and allocated facilities and IT support costs. Changes in general and administrative expense consisted of the following:

|  | Fiscal 2019 to Fiscal 2018 |  |  | Fiscal 2018 to Fiscal 2017 |
|  | Percentage Change Points |  |  | Percentage Change Points |
Compensation costs |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | (4 | )
Professional and legal fees and outside services |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 6 |
Facilities and IT support costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2 |
Other |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (1 | )
Total change |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 3 |

The decrease in compensation costs for fiscal 2019 was primarily attributable to lower incentive compensation expense. While average headcount increased in fiscal 2019, salaries and benefits expense remained relatively flat because a greater percentage of employees were located in lower cost geographies. The slight increase in professional and legal fees and outside services expense in fiscal 2019 was due to higher spending levels on projects and outside services.

The decrease in compensation costs for fiscal 2018 reflects lower salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation expenses due to an 8% decrease in average headcount, partially offset by higher incentive compensation expense. The increase in professional and legal fees and outside services expense in fiscal 2018 was primarily due to higher spending levels on projects and outside services, while the increase in facilities and IT support costs was primarily due to an increase in spending on IT projects.

Restructuring Charges (in millions, except percentages):

|  |  | Fiscal Year
|  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | % Change |  | 2017 |  |  | % Change
Restructuring charges |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | NM |  | $ | 52 |  |  | NM

In response to changes in market conditions and market demand for our products, in fiscal years 2019 and 2017, we initiated a number of business realignment plans designed to streamline our business, reduce our cost structure and focus our resources on key strategic opportunities, resulting in aggregate reductions of our global workforce of less than 3% in fiscal 2019, and approximately 6% in fiscal 2017, for which we recognized aggregate charges of $35 million and $52 million, respectively, consisting primarily of employee severance costs. See Note 13 – Restructuring Charges of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more details regarding our restructuring plans.

Gain on Sale or Derecognition of Assets (in millions, except percentages):

|  |  | Fiscal Year
|  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | % Change |  | 2017 |  |  | % Change
Gain on sale or derecognition of assets |  |  | $ | (73 | ) |  | $ | (218 | ) |  | NM |  | $ | (10 | ) |  | NM

NM - Not Meaningful

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In February 2019, we contributed cash and other assets with a total book value of $7 million to a newly formed joint venture with Lenovo in exchange for a non-co ntrolling 49% equity interest in the new entity. The value of our equity interest was determined to be $80 million, resulting in a gain of $73 million.

In September 2017, we entered into an agreement to sell certain properties previously classified as assets held-for-sale for a total of $306 million, through two separate and independent closings. During fiscal 2018, the first closing occurred, and we consummated the sale of properties with a net book value of $66 million, for cash proceeds of $210 million, resulting in a gain, net of direct selling costs, of $142 million.

In fiscal 2018 and 2017, our continuing involvement with properties subject to a sale-leaseback arrangement entered into in fiscal 2016 ended, and as a result we recorded non-cash sales of properties, extinguished the associated financing obligations and recognized gains of $76 million and $10 million, respectively.

Other Income, Net (in millions, except percentages)

The components of other income, net were as follows:

|  |  | Fiscal Year |
|  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | % Change |  |  | 2017 |  |  | % Change |
Interest income |  |  | $ | 88 |  |  | $ | 79 |  |  |  | 11 | % |  | $ | 44 |  |  |  | 80 | %
Interest expense |  |  |  | (58 | ) |  |  | (62 | ) |  |  | (6 | )% |  |  | (52 | ) |  |  | 19 | %
Other income, net |  |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | (29 | )% |  |  | 8 |  |  | NM |
Total |  |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  | NM |  |  | $ | — |  |  | NM |

NM - Not Meaningful

Interest income increased during fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018, primarily due to a shift in our investment portfolio to higher-yielding investments, partially offset by a decrease in the size of the portfolio. Interest income also increased during fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017 due to a shift to higher-yielding investments, with the portfolio size being relatively consistent in each year.

Interest expense decreased during fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018, primarily due to a reduction in the average amount of interest-bearing debt outstanding. Interest expense increased in fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017 primarily as a result of our commercial paper program, which began in the third quarter of fiscal 2017, and the September 2017 issuance of $800 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes which have a higher weighted average interest rate than the $750 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes extinguished in November 2017.

The fluctuations in fiscal 2019 and 2018 compared to the respective prior years are primarily attributable to differences in net foreign exchange gains.

Provision for Income Taxes (in millions, except percentages):

|  |  | Fiscal Year
|  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | % Change |  |  | 2017 |  |  | % Change
Provision for income taxes |  |  | $ | 99 |  |  | $ | 1,083 |  |  |  | (91 | )% |  | $ | 140 |  |  | NM

NM - Not Meaningful

Our effective tax rate for fiscal 2019 was 7.8% compared to an effective tax rate of 90.3% for fiscal 2018, and an effective tax rate of 22.5% for fiscal 2017. Our effective tax rates reflect the impact of a significant amount of our earnings, primarily income from our European operations, being taxed in foreign jurisdictions at rates below the U.S. statutory tax rate. Our effective tax rate for fiscal 2019 was substantially lower than for the prior year primarily due to the fiscal 2018 impacts of U.S. tax reform and the effects of the resolution of certain income tax examinations during fiscal 2019.

Key components of the effective tax rate of 7.8% in fiscal 2019 included a benefit of $84 million, or 6.6 percentage points, from foreign profits taxed at effective tax rates lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21%, a benefit of $48 million, or 3.8 percentage points, related to the effects on the resolution of certain income tax examinations, a benefit of $19 million, or 1.5 percentage points, attributable to stock-based compensation, and a benefit of $17 million, or 1.3 percentage points, from the generation of federal research credits.

Key components of the effective tax rate of 90.3% in fiscal 2018 included a one-time transition tax charge on accumulated foreign earnings of approximately $732 million, or 61.0 percentage points, a charge of $108 million, or 9.0 percentage points, related to the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities due to tax rate changes, offset by a benefit of $108 million, or 9.0 percentage

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points, from foreign profits taxed at effective tax rates lower than our blended U.S. federal statutory rate of 3 0.5%, and a tax benefit of $23 million, or 1.9 percentage points, attributable to stock-based compensation.

Key components of the effective tax rate of 22.5% in fiscal 2017 included a benefit of $100 million, or 16.1 percentage points, from foreign profits taxed at effective tax rates lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35%, and a tax charge of $16 million, or 2.6 percentage points, attributable to stock-based compensation.

During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019, we recognized a discrete benefit of $48 million arising from the effective settlement of an Internal Revenue Service audit for fiscal 2012 and fiscal 2013. In addition, we are effectively subject to federal tax examination adjustments for tax years ended on or after fiscal 2001, in that we have carryforward attributes from these years that could be subject to adjustment in the tax years of utilization.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) was enacted into law. The TCJA made significant changes to the U.S. corporate income tax system including a reduction of the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, the imposition of a one-time transition tax on deferred foreign earnings, and the creation of new taxes on certain foreign-sourced earnings. ASC 740, Income Taxes, requires companies to recognize the effect of the tax law changes in the period of enactment. However, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 118, which allowed companies to record provisional amounts during a measurement period not to extend beyond one year from the TCJA enactment date.

As a result of the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate change, effective as of January 1, 2018, we remeasured our deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future periods. During fiscal 2018, we recorded $108 million of tax expense related to all tax rate changes. Upon finalization of our provisional estimates during the third quarter of fiscal 2019, we recorded tax expense of $6 million related to deferred tax assets for equity-based compensation awards to our executives.

The TCJA imposed a mandatory, one-time transition tax on accumulated foreign earnings and profits not previously subject to U.S. income tax at a rate of 15.5% on earnings to the extent of foreign cash and other liquid assets, and 8% on the remaining earnings. In fiscal 2018, we recorded a $732 million discrete tax expense for the estimated U.S. federal and state income tax impacts of the transition tax. In the third quarter of fiscal 2019, we finalized our computation of the transition tax and recorded a reduction of $5 million to our provisional estimate.

As of April 26, 2019, we have completed the accounting for the tax impacts of the TCJA, however, we will continue to assess the impact of further guidance from federal and state tax authorities on our business and consolidated financial statements, and recognize any adjustments in the period in which they are determined.

Under the TCJA, the global minimum tax on intangible income (GMT) provisions impose a tax on foreign income in excess of a deemed return on tangible assets of foreign corporations. Under U.S. GAAP, companies are allowed to make an accounting policy election to either (i) account for GMT as a component of tax expense in the period in which a company is subject to the rules, or (ii) account for GMT in a company’s measurement of deferred taxes. We have elected to recognize the GMT as a period cost and thus recorded $22 million of tax expense for federal and state impacts for fiscal 2019.

In October 2016, the FASB issued an ASU which eliminates the deferred tax effects of intra-entity asset transfers other than inventory. As a result, tax expense from the sale of an asset in the seller’s tax jurisdiction is recognized when the transfer occurs, even though the pre-tax effects of that transaction are eliminated in consolidation.

During fiscal 2017, we adopted a new accounting standard that simplifies stock-based compensation income tax accounting and presentation within the financial statements and recorded a charge of $18 million following the post-adoption rules which require that all excess tax benefits and deficiencies from stock-based compensation be recognized as a component of income tax expense.

We are currently undergoing various income tax audits in the U.S. and several foreign tax jurisdictions. Transfer pricing calculations are key issues under these audits and are often subject to dispute and appeals.

In September 2010, the Danish Tax Authorities issued a decision concluding that distributions declared in 2005 and 2006 by our Danish subsidiary were subject to Danish at-source dividend withholding tax. We do not believe that our Danish subsidiary is liable for such withholding tax and filed an appeal with the Danish Tax Tribunal. In December 2011, the Danish Tax Tribunal issued a ruling in favor of NetApp. The Danish tax examination agency appealed this decision at the Danish High Court (DHC) in March 2012. In February 2016, the DHC requested a preliminary ruling from the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). Parties were heard before the court in October 2017. In March 2018, the Advocate General issued an opinion which was largely in favor of NetApp. The CJEU was not bound by the opinion of the Advocate General and issued its preliminary ruling in February 2019. The CJEU ruling did not preclude the Danish Tax Authorities from imposing withholding tax on distributions based on the benefits of certain European Union directives. The preliminary ruling will be reviewed and may be subjected to additional briefing by the DHC. Once complete, the DHC will then issue its final decision. While the timing and outcome of a final decision on this matter is uncertain, we believe it is more likely than not that our distributions were not subject to withholding tax and we intend to vigorously defend any withholding tax claims by the Danish Tax Authorities.

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We continue to monitor the progress of ongoing discussions with tax authorities and the impact, if any, of the expected expiration of the statute of limitations in various taxing jurisdictions. We engage in continuous discussion and negotiation with taxing authorities regarding tax matters in multiple jurisdictions. We believe that within the next 12 months, it is reasonably possible that either certain audits will conclude, certain statutes of limitations will lapse, or both. As a result of uncertainties regarding tax audits and their possible outcomes, an estimate of the range of possible impacts to unrecognized tax benefits in the next twelve months cannot be made at this time.

Liquidity, Capital Resources and Cash Requirements

(In millions, except percentages) |  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments |  | $ | 3,899 |  |  | $ | 5,391 |
Principal amount of debt |  | $ | 1,799 |  |  | $ | 1,935 |

The following is a summary of our cash flow activities:

|  | Fiscal Year |
(In millions) |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | $ | 1,341 |  |  | $ | 1,478 |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |  |  | 704 |  |  |  | (21 | )
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  | (2,631 | ) |  |  | (986 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  | (30 | ) |  |  | 26 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  | $ | (616 | ) |  | $ | 497 |

As of April 26, 2019, our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments totaled $3.9 billion, reflecting a decrease of $1.5 billion from April 27, 2018. The decrease was primarily due to $2.1 billion paid for the repurchase of our common stock, $403 million used for the payment of dividends, $173 million in purchases of property and equipment, and $136 million used for the net repayment of commercial paper notes, partially offset by $1.3 billion of cash provided by operating activities. Working capital decreased by $1.7 billion to $1.7 billion as of April 26, 2019 primarily due to the decreases in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments discussed above, and the reclassification of $400 million principal amount of our senior notes to current liabilities.

Cash Conversion Cycle

The following table presents the components of our cash conversion cycle for the fourth quarter of each of the past three fiscal years:

|  | Three Months Ended |
(In days) |  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |  |  | April 28, 2017 |
Days sales outstanding (1) |  |  | 70 |  |  |  | 58 |  |  |  | 45 |
Days inventory outstanding (2) |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 26 |
Days payables outstanding (3) |  |  | (87 | ) |  |  | (90 | ) |  |  | (56 | )
Cash conversion cycle (4) |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | (14 | ) |  |  | 15 |

Days may not add due to rounding

(1) | Days sales outstanding, referred to as DSO, calculates the average collection period of our receivables. DSO is based on ending accounts receivable and net revenue for each period. DSO is calculated by dividing accounts receivable by average net revenue per day for the current quarter (91 days for each of the fourth quarters presented above). The year over year increases in DSO in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018 were primarily due to less favorable shipping linearity and, in the case of fiscal 2019, one of our major distributors choosing not to take advantage of an early payment discount.

(2) | Days inventory outstanding, referred to as DIO, measures the average number of days from procurement to sale of our products. DIO is based on ending inventory and cost of revenues for each period. DIO is calculated by dividing ending inventory by average cost of revenues per day for the current quarter. The increase in DIO in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019 compared to the corresponding period of fiscal 2018 was primarily due to higher levels of finished goods on hand at the end of fiscal 2019. Compared to the corresponding period in fiscal 2017, the decrease in DIO in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018 was due primarily to strong product sales towards the end of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018.

(3) | Days payables outstanding, referred to as DPO, calculates the average number of days our payables remain outstanding before payment. DPO is based on ending accounts payable and cost of revenues for each period. DPO is calculated by dividing accounts payable by average cost of revenues per day for the current quarter. DPO for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019 was relatively unchanged compared to the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, while it increased compared to the corresponding period in fiscal 2017 was primarily the result of improved vendor payables management and extensions of payment terms with our suppliers.

(4) | The cash conversion cycle is the sum of DSO and DIO less DPO. Items which may cause the cash conversion cycle in a particular period to differ include, but are not limited to, changes in business mix, changes in payment terms (including extended payment terms from suppliers), the extent of shipment linearity, seasonal trends and the timing of revenue recognition and inventory purchases within the period.

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Cash Flows from Operating Activities

During fiscal 2019, we generated cash from operating activities of $1.3 billion, reflecting net income of $1.2 billion, adjusted by non-cash depreciation and amortization of $197 million, stock-based compensation of $158 million and a gain on derecognition of assets of $73 million.

Changes in assets and liabilities during fiscal 2019 included the following:

| • | Accounts receivable increased $185 million, reflecting higher DSO.

| • | Deferred revenue and financed unearned services revenue increased $343 million, primarily due to an increase in deferred software and hardware maintenance contract revenue associated with a growing installed base.

| • | Long-term taxes payable decreased $164 million, primarily due to transition taxes associated with U.S. tax reform.

During fiscal 2018, we generated cash from operating activities of $1.5 billion, reflecting net income of $116 million, adjusted by non-cash depreciation and amortization of $198 million, stock-based compensation of $161 million, a deferred income tax provision of $270 million, and a gain on sale of properties of $218 million.

Changes in assets and liabilities during fiscal 2018 included the following:

| • | Accounts receivable increased $289 million, reflecting higher DSO.

| • | Accounts payable increased $262 million, reflecting higher DPO.

| • | Long-term taxes payable increased $714 million, primarily due to a one-time transition tax liability recorded as a result of the impact of U.S. tax reform, which will be paid over a period of eight years.

We expect that cash provided by operating activities may materially fluctuate in future periods due to a number of factors, including fluctuations in our operating results, shipment linearity, accounts receivable collections performance, inventory and supply chain management, vendor payment initiatives, tax benefits or charges from stock-based compensation, and the timing and amount of compensation and other payments.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

During fiscal 2019, we generated $876 million from maturities and sales of investments, net of purchases, and paid $173 million for capital expenditures.

During fiscal 2018, we used $10 million for the purchases of investments, net of maturities and sales, and paid $145 million for capital expenditures. Additionally, we paid $75 million to acquire two privately-held companies, and received proceeds of $210 million from the sale of properties.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

During fiscal 2019, we used $2.1 billion for the repurchase of 29 million shares of our common stock, $403 million for the payment of dividends, and $136 million for the repayment of commercial paper notes, net.

During fiscal 2018, we used $750 million to redeem our Senior Notes due in December 2017, $115 million for the repayment of commercial paper notes, net, $794 million for the repurchase of 15 million shares of our common stock, $214 million for the payment of dividends, and generated $795 million in cash from the issuance of long-term debt.

Key factors that could affect our cash flows include changes in our revenue mix and profitability, our ability to effectively manage our working capital, in particular, accounts receivable, accounts payable and inventories, the timing and amount of stock repurchases and payment of cash dividends, the impact of foreign exchange rate changes, our ability to effectively integrate acquired products, businesses and technologies, and the timing of repayments of our debt. Based on past performance and our current business outlook, we believe that our sources of liquidity, including potential future issuances of debt, equity or other securities, will satisfy our working capital needs, capital expenditures, investment requirements, stock repurchases, cash dividends, contractual obligations, commitments, principal and interest payments on our debt and other liquidity requirements associated with operations and meet our cash requirements for at least the next 12 months. However, in the event our liquidity is insufficient, we may be required to curtail spending and implement additional cost saving measures and restructuring actions or enter into new financing arrangements. We cannot be certain that we will continue to generate cash flows at or above current levels or that we will be able to obtain additional financing, if necessary, on satisfactory terms, if at all.

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Liquidity

Our principal sources of liquidity as of April 26, 2019 consisted of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, cash we expect to generate from operations, and our commercial paper program and related credit facility.

Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments consisted of the following (in millions):

|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 2,325 |  |  | $ | 2,941 |
Short-term investments |  |  | 1,574 |  |  |  | 2,450 |
Total |  | $ | 3,899 |  |  | $ | 5,391 |

As of April 26, 2019 and April 27, 2018, $3.7 billion and $4.5 billion, respectively, of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments were held by various foreign subsidiaries and were generally based in U.S. dollar-denominated holdings, while $0.2 billion and $0.9 billion, respectively, were available in the U.S. The TCJA imposes a one-time transition tax on substantially all accumulated foreign earnings through December 31, 2017, and generally allows companies to make distributions of foreign earnings without incurring additional federal taxes. As a part of the recognition of the impacts of the TCJA, we have reviewed our projected global cash requirements and have determined that certain historical and future foreign earnings will no longer be indefinitely reinvested.

Our principal liquidity requirements are primarily to meet our working capital needs, support ongoing business activities, fund research and development, meet capital expenditure needs, invest in critical or complementary technologies, service interest and principal payments on our debt, fund our stock repurchase program, and pay dividends, as and if declared.

The principal objectives of our investment policy are the preservation of principal and maintenance of liquidity. We attempt to mitigate default risk by investing in high-quality investment grade securities, limiting the time to maturity and monitoring the counter-parties and underlying obligors closely. We believe our cash equivalents and short-term investments are liquid and accessible. We are not aware of any significant deterioration in the fair value of our cash equivalents or investments from the values reported as of April 26, 2019.

Our investment portfolio has been and will continue to be exposed to market risk due to trends in the credit and capital markets. We continue to closely monitor current economic and market events to minimize the market risk of our investment portfolio. We routinely monitor our financial exposure to both sovereign and non-sovereign borrowers and counterparties. We utilize a variety of planning and financing strategies in an effort to ensure our worldwide cash is available when and where it is needed. Based on past performance and current expectations, we believe our cash and cash equivalents, investments, cash generated from operations, and ability to access capital markets and committed credit lines will satisfy, through at least the next 12 months, our liquidity requirements, both in total and domestically, including the following: working capital needs, capital expenditures, stock repurchases, cash dividends, contractual obligations, commitments, principal and interest payments on debt, and other liquidity requirements associated with our operations. We also have an automatic shelf registration statement on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). We may in the future offer an additional unspecified amount of debt, equity and other securities.

Senior Notes

The following table summarizes the principal amount of our Senior Notes as of April 26, 2019 (in millions):

2.00% Senior Notes Due September 2019 |  | $ | 400 |
3.375% Senior Notes Due June 2021 |  |  | 500 |
3.25% Senior Notes Due December 2022 |  |  | 250 |
3.30% Senior Notes Due September 2024 |  |  | 400 |
Total |  | $ | 1,550 |

Interest on the Senior Notes is payable semi-annually. For further information on the underlying terms, see Note 10 – Financing Arrangements of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Commercial Paper Program and Credit Facility

We have a commercial paper program (the Program), under which we may issue unsecured commercial paper notes. Amounts available under the Program may be borrowed, repaid and re-borrowed, with the aggregate face or principal amount of the notes outstanding under the program at any time not to exceed $1.0 billion. The maturities of the notes can vary, but may not exceed 397 days from the date of issue. The notes are sold under customary terms in the commercial paper market and may be issued at a discount

46

from par or, al ternatively, may be sold at par and bear interest at rates dictated by market conditions at the time of their issuance. The proceeds from the issuance of the notes are used for general corporate purposes. As of April 26, 2019, we had commercial paper notes outstanding with an aggregate principal amount of $249 million, a weighted-average interest rate of 2.73% and maturities ranging from 27 days to 38 days.

In connection with the Program, we have a senior unsecured credit agreement that expires on December 10, 2021. The credit agreement provides a $1.0 billion revolving unsecured credit facility that serves as a back-up for the Program. Proceeds from the facility may also be used for general corporate purposes, providing another potential source of liquidity to the extent that the credit facility exceeds the outstanding debt issued under the Program. The credit agreement also includes options that allow us to request an increase in the facility of up to an additional $300 million and to extend its maturity date for two additional one-year periods, both subject to certain conditions. As of April 26, 2019, we were in compliance with all associated covenants in this agreement. No amounts were drawn against this facility during any of the periods presented.

Capital Expenditure Requirements

We expect to fund our capital expenditures, including our commitments related to facilities, equipment, operating leases and internal-use software development projects over the next few years through existing cash, cash equivalents, investments and cash generated from operations. The timing and amount of our capital requirements cannot be precisely determined and will depend on a number of factors, including future demand for products, changes in the network storage industry, hiring plans and our decisions related to the financing of our facilities and equipment requirements. We anticipate capital expenditures for fiscal 2020 to be between $150 million and $200 million.

Dividends and Stock Repurchase Program

On May 22, 2019, we declared a cash dividend of $0.48 per share of common stock, payable on July 24, 2019 to holders of record as of the close of business on July 5, 2019.

As of April 26, 2019, our Board of Directors had authorized the repurchase of up to $13.6 billion of our common stock under our stock repurchase program. Under this program, we may purchase shares of our outstanding common stock through solicited or unsolicited transactions in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions, through accelerated share repurchase programs, pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan or in such other manner as deemed appropriate by our management. The stock repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time. Since the May 13, 2003 inception of this program through April 26, 2019, we repurchased a total of 313 million shares of our common stock at an average price of $37.46 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $11.7 billion. As of April 26, 2019, the remaining authorized amount for stock repurchases under this program was $1.9 billion.

The timing and amount of stock repurchase transactions and future dividends will depend on market conditions, corporate business and financial considerations and regulatory requirements.

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Contractual Obligations

The impact of contractual obligations on our liquidity and capital resources in future periods should be analyzed in conjunction with the factors that impact our cash flows from operations discussed previously. The following table summarizes our contractual obligations at April 26, 2019 (in millions):

|  |  | 2020 |  |  |  | 2021 |  |  |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2024 |  |  | Thereafter |  |  | Total |
Office space and equipment lease commitments |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 151 |
Purchase commitments with contract manufacturers (1) |  |  | 449 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 449 |
Construction related obligations |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5 |
Other purchase obligations (2) |  |  | 136 |  |  |  | 54 |  |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 234 |
Total off-balance sheet commitments |  |  | 635 |  |  |  | 93 |  |  |  | 55 |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | 839 |
Commercial paper notes (3) |  |  | 249 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 249 |
Long-term debt obligations (4) |  |  | 442 |  |  |  | 38 |  |  |  | 530 |  |  |  | 271 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 407 |  |  |  | 1,701 |
Long-term financing arrangements |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8 |
Uncertain tax positions (5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 252 |
Total contractual obligations |  | $ | 1,331 |  |  | $ | 134 |  |  | $ | 585 |  |  | $ | 291 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 429 |  |  | $ | 3,049 |

(1) | Contract manufacturer commitments consist of obligations for on-hand inventories and non-cancelable purchase orders with our contract manufacturers. We record a liability for firm, non-cancelable and unconditional purchase commitments with contract manufacturers for quantities in excess of our future demand forecasts. As of April 26, 2019, such liability amounted to $16 million and is included in accrued expenses in our consolidated balance sheets. To the extent that such forecasts are not achieved, our commitments and associated accruals may change.

(2) | Other purchase obligations represent an estimate of all open purchase orders and contractual obligations associated with our ordinary course of business, excluding inventory commitments with contract manufacturers, for which we have not received the goods or services. Purchase obligations do not include contracts that may be canceled without penalty. Although open purchase orders are considered enforceable and legally binding, the terms generally allow us the option to cancel, reschedule, and adjust our requirements based on our business needs prior to the delivery of goods or performance of services.

(3) | Represents principal payments on our commercial paper notes.

(4) | Included in long-term debt are obligations related to our $1.6 billion principal amount of our Senior Notes, of which $400 million is due in September 2019, $500 million is due in June 2021, $250 million is due in December 2022 and $400 million is due in September 2024. Estimated interest payments for our long-term debt, assuming no early retirement of debt obligations, are $151 million for fiscal 2020 through fiscal 2025.

(5) | As of April 26, 2019, our liability for uncertain tax positions was $252 million, including interest, penalties and certain income tax benefits, which due to the uncertainty of the timing of future payments, is presented in the total column on a separate line in this table.

Some of the amounts in the table above are based on management’s estimates and assumptions, including the commitment duration, the possibility of renewal or termination, anticipated actions by management and third parties and other factors. Because these estimates and assumptions are subjective, our actual future obligations may vary from those reflected in the table.

Financing Guarantees

While most of our arrangements for sales include short-term payment terms, from time to time we provide long-term financing to creditworthy customers. We have generally sold receivables financed through these arrangements on a non-recourse basis to third party financing institutions within 10 days of the contracts’ dates of execution, and we classify the proceeds from these sales as cash flows from operating activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows. We account for the sales of these receivables as “true sales” as defined in the accounting standards on transfers of financial assets, as we are considered to have surrendered control of these financing receivables. Provided all other revenue recognition criteria have been met, we recognize product revenues for these arrangements, net of any payment discounts from financing transactions, upon product acceptance. We sold $87 million and $67 million of receivables during fiscal 2019 and 2018, respectively.

In addition, we enter into arrangements with leasing companies for the sale of our hardware systems products. These leasing companies, in turn, lease our products to end-users. The leasing companies generally have no recourse to us in the event of default by the end-user and we recognize revenue upon delivery to the end-user customer, if all other revenue recognition criteria have been met.

Some of the leasing arrangements described above have been financed on a recourse basis through third-party financing institutions. Under the terms of recourse leases, which are generally three years or less, we remain liable for the aggregate unpaid remaining lease payments to the third-party leasing companies in the event of end-user customer default. These arrangements are generally collateralized by a security interest in the underlying assets. Where we provide a guarantee for recourse leases, we recognize revenues in accordance with our revenue recognition policy, as updated to reflect the adoption of ASC 606. In connection with certain recourse financing arrangements, we receive advance payments associated with undelivered elements that are subject to customer refund rights. We defer revenue associated with these advance payments until the related refund rights expire and we perform the services. As of April 26, 2019 and April 27, 2018, the aggregate amount by which such contingencies exceeded the associated liabilities was not significant. To date, we have not experienced significant losses under our lease financing programs or other financing arrangements.

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We have entered into service contracts with certain of our end-user customers that are supported by third-party financing arrangements. If a service contract is terminated as a result of our non-performance under the contract or our failure to comply with the terms of the financing arrangement, we could, under certain circumstances, be required to acquire certain assets related to the service contract or to pay the aggregate unpaid financing payments under such arrangements. As of April 26, 2019, we have not b een required to make any payments under these arrangements, and we believe the likelihood of having to acquire a material amount of assets or make payments under these arrangements is remote. The portion of the financial arrangement that represents unearne d services revenue is included in deferred revenue and financed unearned services revenue in our consolidated balance sheets.

Indemnification Agreements

We enter into indemnification agreements with third parties in the ordinary course of business. Generally, these indemnification agreements require us to reimburse losses suffered by the third-parties due to various events, such as lawsuits arising from patent or copyright infringement. These indemnification obligations are considered off-balance sheet arrangements under accounting guidance.

Legal Contingencies

We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims which arise in the normal course of business. See further details on such matters in Note 18 – Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

It em 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We are exposed to market risk related to fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. We use certain derivative financial instruments to manage foreign currency exchange risks. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes. All financial instruments are used in accordance with management-approved policies.

Interest Rate Risk

Fixed Income Investments — As of April 26, 2019, we had fixed income debt investments of $1.7 billion. Our investment portfolio primarily consists of investments with original maturities greater than three months at the date of purchase, which are classified as available-for-sale investments. These investments, which consist primarily of corporate bonds, U.S. Treasury and government debt securities, and certificates of deposit, are subject to interest rate and interest income risk and will decrease in value if market interest rates increase. Conversely, declines in interest rates, including the impact from lower credit spreads, could have a material adverse impact on interest income for our investment portfolio. A hypothetical 100 basis point increase in market interest rates from levels as of April 26, 2019 would have resulted in a decrease in the fair value of our fixed-income securities of approximately $40 million. Volatility in market interest rates over time will cause variability in our interest income. We do not use derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio.

Our investment policy is to limit credit exposure through diversification and investment in highly rated securities. We further mitigate concentrations of credit risk in our investments by limiting our investments in the debt securities of a single issuer and by diversifying risk across geographies and type of issuer. We actively review, along with our investment advisors, current investment ratings, company-specific events and general economic conditions in managing our investments and in determining whether there is a significant decline in fair value that is other-than-temporary. We monitor and evaluate our investment portfolio on a quarterly basis for any other-than-temporary impairments.

Debt — As of April 26, 2019, we have outstanding $1.6 billion aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes. We carry these instruments at face value less unamortized discount on our consolidated balance sheets. Since these instruments bear interest at fixed rates, we have no financial statement risk associated with changes in interest rates. However, the fair value of these instruments fluctuates when interest rates change. See Note 10 – Financing Arrangements of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.

Credit Facility — We are exposed to the impact of changes in interest rates in connection with our $1.0 billion five-year revolving credit facility. Borrowings under the facility accrue interest at rates that vary based on certain market rates and our credit rating on our Senior Notes. Consequently, our interest expense would fluctuate with any changes in these market interest rates or in our credit rating if we were to borrow any amounts under the credit facility. As of April 26, 2019, no amounts were outstanding under the credit facility.

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Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

We hedge risks associated with certain foreign currency transactions to minimize the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on earnings. We utilize foreign currency exchange forward and option contracts to hedge against the short-term impact of foreign currency fluctuations on certain foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities. We also use foreign currency exchange forward contracts to hedge foreign currency exposures related to forecasted sales transactions denominated in certain foreign currencies. These derivatives are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges under accounting guidance for derivatives and hedging.

We do not enter into foreign currency exchange contracts for speculative or trading purposes. In entering into foreign currency exchange forward and option contracts, we have assumed the risk that might arise from the possible inability of counterparties to meet the terms of the contracts. We attempt to limit our exposure to credit risk by executing foreign currency exchange contracts with creditworthy multinational commercial banks. All contracts have a maturity of less than six months. See Note 12 – Derivatives and Hedging Activities of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding our derivatives and hedging activities.

50

It em 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of April 26, 2019 and April 27, 2018 | 52
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended April 26, 2019, April 27, 2018 and April 28, 2017 | 53
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended April 26, 2019, April 27, 2018 and April 28, 2017 | 54
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended April 26, 2019, April 27, 2018 and April 28, 2017 | 55
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended April 26, 2019, April 27, 2018 and April 28, 2017 | 56
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 57
Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) | 88
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | 89

51

NETAPP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |
|  | (In millions, except par value) |
ASSETS |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 2,325 |  |  | $ | 2,941 |
Short-term investments |  |  | 1,574 |  |  |  | 2,450 |
Accounts receivable |  |  | 1,216 |  |  |  | 1,047 |
Inventories |  |  | 131 |  |  |  | 122 |
Other current assets |  |  | 364 |  |  |  | 392 |
Total current assets |  |  | 5,610 |  |  |  | 6,952 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 759 |  |  |  | 756 |
Goodwill |  |  | 1,735 |  |  |  | 1,739 |
Other intangible assets, net |  |  | 47 |  |  |  | 94 |
Other non-current assets |  |  | 590 |  |  |  | 450 |
Total assets |  | $ | 8,741 |  |  | $ | 9,991 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 542 |  |  | $ | 609 |
Accrued expenses |  |  | 851 |  |  |  | 825 |
Commercial paper notes |  |  | 249 |  |  |  | 385 |
Current portion of long-term debt |  |  | 400 |  |  |  | — |
Short-term deferred revenue and financed unearned services revenue |  |  | 1,825 |  |  |  | 1,712 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 3,867 |  |  |  | 3,531 |
Long-term debt |  |  | 1,144 |  |  |  | 1,541 |
Other long-term liabilities |  |  | 797 |  |  |  | 992 |
Long-term deferred revenue and financed unearned services revenue |  |  | 1,843 |  |  |  | 1,651 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 7,651 |  |  |  | 7,715 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 18) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders' equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 5 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding as of April 26, 2019 or April 27, 2018 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Common stock and additional paid-in capital, $0.001 par value, 885 shares authorized; 240 and 263 shares issued and outstanding as of April 26, 2019 and April 27, 2018, respectively |  |  | 1,133 |  |  |  | 2,355 |
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (9 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (43 | ) |  |  | (70 | )
Total stockholders' equity |  |  | 1,090 |  |  |  | 2,276 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |  | $ | 8,741 |  |  | $ | 9,991 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

52

NETAPP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

|  | Year Ended |
|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |  |  | April 28, 2017 |
|  | (In millions, except per share amounts) |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product |  | $ | 3,755 |  |  | $ | 3,525 |  |  | $ | 3,060 |
Software maintenance |  |  | 946 |  |  |  | 902 |  |  |  | 905 |
Hardware maintenance and other services |  |  | 1,445 |  |  |  | 1,492 |  |  |  | 1,526 |
Net revenues |  |  | 6,146 |  |  |  | 5,919 |  |  |  | 5,491 |
Cost of revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of product |  |  | 1,752 |  |  |  | 1,738 |  |  |  | 1,612 |
Cost of software maintenance |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 28 |
Cost of hardware maintenance and other services |  |  | 414 |  |  |  | 447 |  |  |  | 487 |
Total cost of revenues |  |  | 2,201 |  |  |  | 2,210 |  |  |  | 2,127 |
Gross profit |  |  | 3,945 |  |  |  | 3,709 |  |  |  | 3,364 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing |  |  | 1,657 |  |  |  | 1,706 |  |  |  | 1,651 |
Research and development |  |  | 827 |  |  |  | 783 |  |  |  | 779 |
General and administrative |  |  | 278 |  |  |  | 280 |  |  |  | 271 |
Restructuring charges |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 52 |
Gain on sale or derecognition of assets |  |  | (73 | ) |  |  | (218 | ) |  |  | (10 | )
Total operating expenses |  |  | 2,724 |  |  |  | 2,551 |  |  |  | 2,743 |
Income from operations |  |  | 1,221 |  |  |  | 1,158 |  |  |  | 621 |
Other income, net |  |  | 47 |  |  |  | 41 |  |  |  | — |
Income before income taxes |  |  | 1,268 |  |  |  | 1,199 |  |  |  | 621 |
Provision for income taxes |  |  | 99 |  |  |  | 1,083 |  |  |  | 140 |
Net income |  | $ | 1,169 |  |  | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 481 |
Net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 4.60 |  |  | $ | 0.43 |  |  | $ | 1.75 |
Diluted |  | $ | 4.51 |  |  | $ | 0.42 |  |  | $ | 1.71 |
Shares used in net income per share calculations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 254 |  |  |  | 268 |  |  |  | 275 |
Diluted |  |  | 259 |  |  |  | 276 |  |  |  | 281 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

53

NETAPP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

. |  | Year Ended |
|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |  |  | April 28, 2017 |
|  | (In millions) |
Net income |  | $ | 1,169 |  |  | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 481 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | (10 | )
Defined benefit obligations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Defined benefit obligation adjustments |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 25 |
Reclassification adjustments related to defined benefit obligations |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | 1 |
Income tax effect |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (10 | )
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | (43 | ) |  |  | (6 | )
Unrealized gains on cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains arising during the period |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8 |
Reclassification adjustments for gains included in net income |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | (41 | ) |  |  | 2 |
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 1,196 |  |  | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | 483 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

54

NETAPP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

|  | Year Ended |
|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |  |  | April 28, 2017 |
|  | (In millions) |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 1,169 |  |  | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 481 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 197 |  |  |  | 198 |  |  |  | 226 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 158 |  |  |  | 161 |  |  |  | 195 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | 270 |  |  |  | 74 |
Gain on sale or derecognition of assets |  |  | (73 | ) |  |  | (218 | ) |  |  | (10 | )
Other items, net |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | (27 | ) |  |  | (7 | )
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions of businesses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  |  | (185 | ) |  |  | (289 | ) |  |  | 90 |
Inventories |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | (66 | )
Other operating assets |  |  | (73 | ) |  |  | (38 | ) |  |  | 25 |
Accounts payable |  |  | (57 | ) |  |  | 262 |  |  |  | 94 |
Accrued expenses |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 162 |  |  |  | (86 | )
Deferred revenue and financed unearned services revenue |  |  | 343 |  |  |  | 139 |  |  |  | (23 | )
Long-term taxes payable |  |  | (164 | ) |  |  | 714 |  |  |  | (6 | )
Other operating liabilities |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | (8 | ) |  |  | (1 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 1,341 |  |  |  | 1,478 |  |  |  | 986 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of investments |  |  | (41 | ) |  |  | (1,389 | ) |  |  | (1,977 | )
Maturities, sales and collections of investments |  |  | 917 |  |  |  | 1,379 |  |  |  | 1,934 |
Purchases of property and equipment |  |  | (173 | ) |  |  | (145 | ) |  |  | (175 | )
Proceeds from sale of properties |  |  | — |  |  |  | 210 |  |  |  | — |
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | (75 | ) |  |  | (8 | )
Other investing activities, net |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 3 |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |  |  | 704 |  |  |  | (21 | ) |  |  | (223 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under employee stock award plans |  |  | 121 |  |  |  | 173 |  |  |  | 140 |
Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of stock awards |  |  | (96 | ) |  |  | (75 | ) |  |  | (48 | )
Repurchase of common stock |  |  | (2,111 | ) |  |  | (794 | ) |  |  | (705 | )
Proceeds from (repayments of) commercial paper notes, net |  |  | (136 | ) |  |  | (115 | ) |  |  | 499 |
Issuance of long-term debt, net |  |  | — |  |  |  | 795 |  |  |  | — |
Repayment of short-term loan |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (850 | )
Repayment of long-term debt |  |  | — |  |  |  | (750 | ) |  |  | — |
Dividends paid |  |  | (403 | ) |  |  | (214 | ) |  |  | (208 | )
Other financing activities, net |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | (7 | )
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  | (2,631 | ) |  |  | (986 | ) |  |  | (1,179 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  | (30 | ) |  |  | 26 |  |  |  | (11 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  | (616 | ) |  |  | 497 |  |  |  | (427 | )
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning of period |  |  | 2,947 |  |  |  | 2,450 |  |  |  | 2,877 |
End of period |  | $ | 2,331 |  |  | $ | 2,947 |  |  | $ | 2,450 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

55

NETAPP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

|  | Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  | Retained |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Other |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (Accumulated |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Deficit) |  |  | Loss |  |  | Total |
|  | (In millions, except per share amounts) |
Balances, April 29, 2016 |  |  | 281 |  |  | $ | 2,912 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (31 | ) |  | $ | 2,881 |
Cumulative-effect of adoption of ASC 606 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 197 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 197 |
Cumulative-effect of new accounting principle |  |  |  |  |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 14 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 481 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 481 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 2 |
Issuance of common stock under employee stock award plans, net of taxes |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 92 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 92 |
Repurchase of common stock |  |  | (22 | ) |  |  | (335 | ) |  |  | (370 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (705 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 195 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 195 |
Cash dividends declared ($0.76 per common share) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (88 | ) |  |  | (120 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (208 | )
Balances, April 28, 2017 |  |  | 269 |  |  |  | 2,769 |  |  |  | 209 |  |  |  | (29 | ) |  |  | 2,949 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 116 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 116 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (41 | ) |  |  | (41 | )
Issuance of common stock under employee stock award plans, net of taxes |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | 99 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 99 |
Repurchase of common stock |  |  | (15 | ) |  |  | (568 | ) |  |  | (226 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (794 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 161 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 161 |
Cash dividends declared ($0.80 per common share) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (106 | ) |  |  | (108 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (214 | )
Balances, April 27, 2018 |  |  | 263 |  |  |  | 2,355 |  |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  | (70 | ) |  |  | 2,276 |
Cumulative-effect of new accounting principle |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (51 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (51 | )
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,169 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,169 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | 27 |
Issuance of common stock under employee stock award plans, net of taxes |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 25 |
Repurchase of common stock |  |  | (29 | ) |  |  | (1,002 | ) |  |  | (1,109 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,111 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 158 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 158 |
Cash dividends declared ($1.60 per common share) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (403 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (403 | )
Balances, April 26, 2019 |  |  | 240 |  |  | $ | 1,133 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (43 | ) |  | $ | 1,090 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

56

NETAPP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business — NetApp, Inc. (we, us, or the Company) provides global organizations the ability to manage and share their data across on-premises, private and public clouds. Together with our partners, we provide a full range of enterprise-class software, systems and services solutions that customers use to modernize their infrastructures, build next generation data centers and harness the power of hybrid clouds.

Fiscal Year — Our fiscal year is reported on a 52- or 53-week year ending on the last Friday in April. An additional week is included in the first fiscal quarter approximately every six years to realign fiscal months with calendar months. Fiscal year 2019, which ended on April 26, 2019, fiscal year 2018, which ended on April 27, 2018, and fiscal year 2017, which ended on April 28, 2017, were each 52-week years. Unless otherwise stated, references to particular years, quarters, months and periods refer to the Company’s fiscal years ended on the last Friday of April and the associated quarters, months and periods of those fiscal years.

Principles of Consolidation — The consolidated financial statements include the Company and its subsidiaries. Intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

Accounting Changes

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued a new standard, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606), which establishes a comprehensive new revenue recognition model designed to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In the first quarter of fiscal 2019, we adopted this new standard using the full retrospective method of adoption. Accordingly, our prior periods consolidated financial statements and information, as presented herein, have been restated to conform to the new rules. Refer to Note 7 – Revenue for a summary of the impacts of adopting this standard.

In October 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update (ASU) which eliminates the deferred tax effects of intra-entity asset transfers other than inventory. As a result, tax expense from the sale of an asset in the seller’s tax jurisdiction is recognized when the transfer occurs, even though the pre-tax effects of that transaction are eliminated in consolidation. In the first quarter of fiscal 2019, we adopted this ASU using a modified retrospective transition approach and recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment to decrease retained earnings by $51 million, with a corresponding reduction of prepaid taxes, which were classified as other non-current assets on our consolidated balance sheets.

In November 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that requires a statement of cash flows to explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. In the first quarter of fiscal 2019, we adopted this ASU using a retrospective transition method. Accordingly, our consolidated statements of cash flows for fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017, as presented herein, have been restated to comply with the new requirements. Refer to Note 6 – Supplemental Financial Information for a detail of the components of our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash balances.

Use of Estimates — The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition, reserves and allowances; inventory valuation and purchase order accruals; valuation of goodwill and intangibles; restructuring reserves; product warranties; employee benefit accruals; stock-based compensation; loss contingencies; investment impairments; income taxes and fair value measurements. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Cash Equivalents — We consider all highly liquid debt investments with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents.

Available-for-Sale Investments — We classify our investments in debt securities as available-for-sale investments. Debt securities primarily consist of corporate bonds, U.S. Treasury and government debt securities, commercial paper and certificates of deposit. These available-for-sale investments are primarily held in the custody of a major financial institution. A specific identification method is used to determine the cost basis of debt securities sold. These investments are recorded in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value.

Unrealized gains and temporary losses, net of related taxes, are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI). Upon realization, those amounts are reclassified from AOCI to earnings. The amortization of premiums and discounts on the investments are included in our results of operations. Realized gains and losses on our available-for-sale investments are calculated based on the specific identification method.

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We classify our investments as current or noncurrent based on the nature of the i nvestments and their availability for use in current operations.

Other-than-Temporary Impairments on Investments — All of our available-for-sale investments are subject to periodic impairment review. When the fair value of a debt security is less than its amortized cost, it is deemed impaired, and we assess whether the impairment is other-than-temporary. An impairment is considered other-than-temporary if (i) we have the intent to sell the security, (ii) it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of the entire amortized cost basis, or (iii) we do not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security. If impairment is considered other-than-temporary based on condition (i) or (ii) described above, the entire difference between the amortized cost and the fair value of the debt security is recognized in the results of operations. If an impairment is considered other-than-temporary based on condition (iii) described above, the amount representing credit losses (defined as the difference between the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis of the debt security) is recognized in earnings, and the amount relating to all other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income (OCI).

Inventories — Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, which approximates actual cost on a first-in, first-out basis. We write down excess and obsolete inventory based on the difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated net realizable value based upon assumptions about future demand forecasts and market conditions. At the point of a loss recognition, a new, lower cost basis for that inventory is established, and subsequent changes in facts or circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established basis. In addition, we record a liability for firm, non-cancelable and unconditional purchase commitments with contract manufacturers and suppliers for quantities in excess of our future demand forecasts consistent with our valuation of excess and obsolete inventory.

Property and Equipment — Property and equipment are recorded at cost.

Depreciation and amortization is computed using the straight-line method, generally over the following periods:

|  | Depreciation Life
Buildings and improvements |  | 10 to 40 years
Furniture and fixtures |  | 5 years
Computer, production, engineering and other equipment |  | 2 to 3 years
Computer software |  | 3 to 5 years
Leasehold improvements |  | Shorter of remaining lease term or useful life

Construction in progress will be depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets when they are ready for use. We capitalize interest on significant facility assets under construction and on significant software development projects.

Software Development Costs — The costs for the development of new software products and substantial enhancements to existing software products are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility has been established, at which time any additional costs would be capitalized in accordance with the accounting guidance for software. Because our current process for developing software is essentially completed concurrently with the establishment of technological feasibility, which occurs upon the completion of a working model, no costs have been capitalized for any of the periods presented.

Internal-Use Software Development Costs — We capitalize qualifying costs, which are incurred during the application development stage, for computer software developed or obtained for internal-use and amortize them over the software’s estimated useful life.

Business Combinations — We recognize identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of consideration transferred over the net of the acquisition date fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. While we use our best estimates and assumptions as a part of the purchase price allocation process to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, our estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill to the extent that we identify adjustments to the preliminary purchase price allocation. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to our consolidated statements of operations.

Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets — Goodwill is recorded when the consideration paid for an acquisition exceeds the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Purchased intangible assets with finite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their economic lives of three to six years for developed technology, two to eight years for customer contracts/relationships, two to three years for covenants not to compete and two to seven years for trademarks and trade names as we believe this method most closely reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the assets will be consumed. In-process research and development is accounted for as an indefinite lived intangible asset and is assessed for potential impairment annually until development is complete or

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when events or circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts might be impaired. Upon completion of development, in-process research and development is accounted for as a finite-lived intangible asset.

The carrying value of goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis in the fourth quarter of our fiscal year, or more frequently if we believe indicators of impairment exist. Triggering events for impairment reviews may be indicators such as adverse industry or economic trends, restructuring actions, lower projections of profitability, or a sustained decline in our market capitalization. For the purpose of impairment testing, we have a single reporting unit. The performance of the quantitative impairment test requires comparing the fair value of our reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. The fair value of our reporting unit is based on our entity level market capitalization, as determined through quoted market prices. An impairment exists if the fair value of our reporting unit is lower than its carrying amount. The impairment loss is measured based on the amount by which the carrying amount of our reporting unit exceeds its fair value, with the recognized loss not to exceed the total amount of goodwill. The fair value of our reporting unit has substantially exceeded its carrying amount in all periods presented.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets — We review the carrying values of long-lived assets whenever events and circumstances, such as reductions in demand, lower projections of profitability, significant changes in the manner of our use of acquired assets, or significant negative industry or economic trends, indicate that the net book value of an asset may not be recovered through expected future cash flows from its use and eventual disposition. If this review indicates that there is an impairment, the impaired asset is written down to its fair value, which is typically calculated using: (i) quoted market prices and/or (ii) expected future cash flows utilizing a discount rate. Our estimates regarding future anticipated cash flows, the remaining economic life of the products and technologies, or both, may differ from those used to assess the recoverability of assets. In that event, impairment charges or shortened useful lives of certain long-lived assets may be required, resulting in charges to our consolidated statements of operations when such determinations are made.

Derivative Instruments — Our derivative instruments, which are carried at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets, consist of foreign currency exchange contracts as described below:

Balance Sheet Hedges — We utilize foreign currency exchange forward and option contracts to hedge against the short-term impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations related to certain foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities, primarily intercompany receivables and payables. These derivative instruments are not designated as hedging instruments and do not subject us to material balance sheet risk due to exchange rate movements because the gains and losses on these contracts are intended to offset the gains and losses in the underlying foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities being hedged, and the net amount is included in earnings.

Cash Flow Hedges — We utilize foreign currency exchange forward contracts to hedge foreign currency exchange exposures related to forecasted sales transactions denominated in certain foreign currencies. These derivative instruments are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges and, in general, closely match the underlying forecasted transactions in duration. The effective portion of the contracts’ gains and losses resulting from changes in fair value is recorded in AOCI until the forecasted transaction is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations. When the forecasted transactions occur, we reclassify the related gains or losses on the cash flow hedges into net revenues. If the underlying forecasted transactions do not occur, or it becomes probable that they will not occur within the defined hedge period, the gains or losses on the related cash flow hedges are reclassified from AOCI and recognized immediately in earnings. We measure the effectiveness of hedges of forecasted transactions on a monthly basis by comparing the fair values of the designated foreign currency exchange forward purchase contracts with the fair values of the forecasted transactions. Any ineffective portion of the derivative hedging gain or loss, as well as changes in the fair value of the derivative’s time value (which are excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness), are recognized in earnings.

Factors that could have an impact on the effectiveness of our hedging programs include the accuracy of forecasts and the volatility of foreign currency markets. These programs reduce, but do not entirely eliminate, the impact of currency exchange movements. Currently, we do not enter into any foreign currency exchange forward contracts to hedge exposures related to firm commitments. Cash flows from our derivative programs are included under operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Revenue Recognition — We recognize revenue by applying the following five step approach.

| • | Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer — A contract with a customer is within the scope of ASC 606 when it meets all the following criteria:

| - | It is enforceable

| - | It defines each party’s rights

| - | It identifies the payment terms

| - | It has commercial substance, and

| - | We determine that collection of substantially all consideration for goods or services that will be transferred is probable based on the customer’s intent and ability to pay

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| • | Identification of the performance obligations in the contract — Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the goods or services (or a bundle of goods and services) that will be transferred to the c ustomer that are distinct.

| • | Determination of the transaction price — The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which we will be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to the customer.

| • | Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract — Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation.

| • | Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation — We satisfy performance obligations either over time or at a point in time.

Customarily we have a purchase order from or executed contract with our customers that establishes the goods and services to be transferred and the consideration to be received.

We combine two or more contracts entered into at or near the same time with the same customer as a single contract if the contracts are negotiated as one package with a single commercial objective, if the amount of consideration to be paid on one contract depends on the price or performance of the other contract or if the goods and services promised in each of the contracts are a single performance obligation.

Our contracts with customers may include hardware systems, software licenses, software maintenance, hardware maintenance and other services. Software maintenance contracts entitle our customers to receive unspecified product upgrades and enhancements on a when-and-if-available basis, and patch releases. Hardware maintenance services include contracts for extended warranty and technical support with minimum response times. Other services include professional services and customer education and training services.

We identify performance obligations in our contracts to be those goods and services that are distinct. A good or service is distinct if it is capable of being distinct, where the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from us, and is distinct in the context of the contract, meaning the transfer of the good or service is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract.

If a contract includes multiple promised goods or services, we apply judgment to determine whether promised goods or services are distinct. If they are not, we combine the goods and services until we have a distinct performance obligation. A configured storage system inclusive of the operating system (OS) software essential to its functionality is considered a single performance obligation, while optional add-on software is a separate performance obligation. In general, hardware maintenance, software maintenance, and different types of professional services are each separate performance obligations.

In certain instances, we enter into enterprise license agreements (ELAs) with our customers which transfer to them the right to deploy an unlimited or capped number of OS or optional add-on software licenses and obligate us to provide software maintenance through the ELA term. In general, we treat the software license component and software maintenance component of ELAs as separate performance obligations.

We determine the transaction price of our contracts with customers based on the consideration to which we will be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services. Consideration promised may include fixed amounts, variable amounts or both. We sell professional services either on a time and materials basis or under fixed price projects.

We evaluate variable consideration in arrangements with contract terms such as rights of return, potential penalties and acceptance clauses. We generally use the expected value method, primarily relying on our history, to estimate variable consideration. However, when we believe it to provide a better estimate, we use the most likely amount method. In either case, we consider variable consideration only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur. Reassessments of our variable consideration may occur as historical information changes. Transaction prices are also adjusted for the effects of time value of money if the timing of payments provides either the customer or us a significant benefit of financing.

Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis. We determine standalone selling price based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately. If the standalone selling price is not observable through past transactions, we estimate the standalone selling price taking into account available information such as market data and other observable inputs. We regularly review standalone selling prices and maintain internal controls over the establishment and updates of these estimates. Variable consideration is also allocated to the performance obligations. If the terms of variable consideration relate to one performance obligation, it is entirely allocated to that obligation. Otherwise, it is allocated to all the performance obligations in the contract.

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We typically recognize revenue at a point in time upon the transfer of goods to a customer. Products we transfer at a point in time include our configured hardware systems, OS software licenses, optional add-on software licenses and add-on hardware. Services are typically transferred over time and revenue is recognized based on an appropriate method for meas uring our progress toward completion of the performance obligation. Our stand-ready services, including both hardware and software maintenance support, are transferred ratably over the period of the contract. For other services such as our fixed profession al services contracts, we use an input method to determine the percentage of completion. That is, we estimate the effort to date versus the expected effort required over the life of the contract.

Deferred Commissions – We capitalize sales commissions that are incremental direct costs of obtaining customer contracts for which revenue is not immediately recognized and classify them as current or non-current based on the terms of the related contracts. Capitalized commissions are amortized based on the transfer of goods or services to which they relate, typically over one to three years, and are also periodically reviewed for impairment. Amortization expense is recorded to sales and marketing expense in our consolidated statements of operations.

Product Warranties — Estimated future hardware and software warranty costs are recorded as a cost of product revenues at the time of product shipment, based on historical and projected warranty claim rates, historical and projected cost-per-claim and knowledge of specific product failures that are outside our typical experience. Factors that affect our warranty liability include the number of installed units subject to warranty protection, product failure rates, and estimated materials, distribution and labor costs. We assess the adequacy of our warranty accrual each quarter and adjust the amount as considered necessary.

Foreign Currency Translation — For international subsidiaries whose functional currency is the local currency, gains and losses resulting from translation of these foreign currency financial statements into U.S. dollars are recorded in AOCI. For subsidiaries where the functional currency is the U.S. dollar, gains and losses resulting from the process of remeasuring foreign currency financial statements into U.S. dollars are included in other income (expense), net.

Benefit Plans — We record actuarial gains and losses associated with defined benefit plans within AOCI and amortize net gains or losses in excess of 10 percent of the greater of the market value of plan assets or the plans' projected benefit obligation on a straight-line basis over the remaining estimated service life of plan participants. The measurement date for all defined benefit plans is our fiscal year end.

Stock-Based Compensation — We measure and recognize stock-based compensation for all stock-based awards, including employee stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), including time-based RSUs and performance-based RSUs (PBRSUs), and rights to purchase shares under our employee stock purchase plan (ESPP), based on their estimated fair value, and recognize the costs in our financial statements using the single option straight-line approach over the requisite service period for the entire award.

The fair value of employee time-based RSUs is equal to the market value of our common stock on the grant date of the award, less the present value of expected dividends during the vesting period, discounted at a risk-free interest rate. The fair value of PBRSUs that include a market condition is measured using a Monte Carlo simulation model on the date of grant.

The fair value of each award is estimated on the grant date and is not remeasured as a result of subsequent stock price fluctuations. Our expected term assumption is based primarily on historical exercise and post-vesting forfeiture experience. Our stock price volatility assumption is based on a combination of our historical and implied volatility. The risk-free interest rates are based upon United States (U.S.) Treasury bills with equivalent expected terms, and the expected dividends are based on our history and expected dividend payouts.

We account for forfeitures of stock-based awards as they occur.

Income Taxes — Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are provided for temporary differences that will result in tax deductions or income in future periods, as well as the future benefit of tax credit carryforwards. A valuation allowance reduces tax assets to their estimated realizable value.

We recognize the tax liability for uncertain income tax positions on the income tax return based on the two-step process prescribed in the interpretation. The first step is to determine whether it is more likely than not that each income tax position would be sustained upon audit. The second step is to estimate and measure the tax benefit as the amount that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority. Estimating these amounts requires us to determine the probability of various possible outcomes. We evaluate these uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis. We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the income tax expense line in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Net Income per Share — Basic net income per share is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted net income per share is computed giving effect to all dilutive potential shares that were outstanding during the period. Potential dilutive common shares consist primarily of outstanding stock options, shares to be purchased under our employee stock purchase plan and unvested RSUs.

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Treasury Stock — We account for treasury stock under the cost method. Upon the retirement of treasury stock, we allocate the value of treasury shares between common stock, additional paid-in capital and retained earnings.

2. Recent Accounting Standards Not Yet Effective

Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update on financial reporting for leasing arrangements, including requiring lessees to recognize an operating lease with a term greater than one year on their balance sheets as a right-of-use (ROU) asset and corresponding lease liability, measured at the present value of the lease payments. This new standard will be effective for us in our first quarter of fiscal 2020, and we will elect the optional transition approach of not adjusting our comparative period financial statements for the impacts of adoption. While we are currently finalizing our implementation of new policies, processes and internal controls to comply with the new rules, we anticipate that the adoption of the new standard will result in the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet of between $150 million and $170 million as of the beginning of the first quarter of fiscal 2020, primarily related to real estate. The adoption of the new standard will not have a material impact on our consolidated statement of operations or consolidated statement of cash flows.

Credit Losses on Financial Instruments

In June 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update on the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments. The standard introduces a new model for measuring and recognizing credit losses on financial instruments, requiring financial assets measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. It also requires that credit losses be recorded through an allowance for credit losses. This new standard will be effective for us in our first quarter of fiscal 2021, although early adoption is permitted. Upon adoption, companies must apply a modified retrospective transition approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings, though a prospective transition approach is required for debt securities for which an other-than-temporary impairment had been recognized before the effective date. Based on the composition of our investment portfolio, current market conditions, and historical credit loss activity, the adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Although there are several other new accounting pronouncements issued or proposed by the FASB that we have adopted or will adopt, as applicable, we do not believe any of these accounting pronouncements has had or will have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, operating results or disclosures.

3. Concentration of Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents, investments, foreign currency exchange contracts and accounts receivable. Cash equivalents and short-term investments consist primarily of corporate bonds, U.S. Treasury and government debt securities and certificates of deposit, all of which are considered high investment grade. Our policy is to limit the amount of credit exposure through diversification and investment in highly rated securities. We further mitigate concentrations of credit risk in our investments by limiting our investments in the debt securities of a single issuer and by diversifying risk across geographies and type of issuer.

By entering into foreign currency exchange contracts, we have assumed the risk that might arise from the possible inability of counterparties to meet the terms of their contracts. The counterparties to these contracts are major multinational commercial banks, and we do not expect any losses as a result of counterparty defaults.

We sell our products primarily to large organizations in different industries and geographies. We do not require collateral or other security to support accounts receivable. In addition, we maintain an allowance for potential credit losses. To reduce credit risk, we perform ongoing credit evaluations on our customers’ financial condition. We establish an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon factors surrounding the credit risk of customers, historical trends and other information and, to date, such losses have been within management’s expectations. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivable are limited due to the wide variety of customers who are dispersed across many geographic regions.

There are no concentrations of business transacted with a particular market that would severely impact our business in the near term. However, we rely on a limited number of suppliers for certain key components and a few key contract manufacturers to manufacture most of our products; any disruption or termination of these arrangements could materially adversely affect our operating results.

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4. Business Combinations

Fiscal 2019 Acquisition

On September 17, 2018, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of a privately-held software company for $3 million in cash. Substantially all of the purchase price was recorded to goodwill.

Fiscal 2018 Acquisitions

On August 4, 2017, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Greenqloud ehf., a privately-held provider of cloud management software based in Iceland, for $51 million in cash, of which we allocated $10 million to developed technology, $38 million to goodwill, and the remainder to other assets.

On June 15, 2017, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Plexistor Ltd., a privately-held provider of software defined memory architecture based in Israel, for $24 million in cash, of which we allocated $6 million to developed technology, $17 million to goodwill, and the remainder to other assets.

Fiscal 2017 Acquisition

On March 24, 2017, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of a privately-held consulting and software development company for $8 million in cash. Substantially all of the purchase price was recorded to goodwill.

5. Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets, Net

Goodwill activity is summarized as follows (in millions):

Balance as of April 28, 2017 |  | $ | 1,684 |
Additions |  |  | 55 |
Balance as of April 27, 2018 |  |  | 1,739 |
Additions |  |  | 3 |
Derecognition |  |  | (7 | )
Balance as of April 26, 2019 |  | $ | 1,735 |

We derecognized goodwill during fiscal 2019 in connection with our contribution of a group of assets to a newly formed joint venture with Lenovo in exchange for a non-controlling ownership interest in the new entity. Refer to Note 6 – Supplemental Financial Information for additional details.

Purchased intangible assets, net are summarized below (in millions):

|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |
|  | Gross |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Net |  |  | Gross |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Net |
|  | Assets |  |  | Amortization |  |  | Assets |  |  | Assets |  |  | Amortization |  |  | Assets |
Developed technology |  | $ | 160 |  |  | $ | (113 | ) |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | 164 |  |  | $ | (80 | ) |  | $ | 84 |
Customer contracts/relationships |  |  | 41 |  |  |  | (41 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 43 |  |  |  | (33 | ) |  |  | 10 |
Other purchased intangibles |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  | — |
Total purchased intangible assets |  | $ | 201 |  |  | $ | (154 | ) |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | 216 |  |  | $ | (122 | ) |  | $ | 94 |

Amortization expense for purchased intangible assets is summarized below (in millions):

|  | Year Ended |  |  | Statement of
|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |  |  | April 28, 2017 |  |  | Operations Classifications
Developed technology |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | Cost of revenues
Customer contracts/relationships |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 14 |  |  | Operating expenses
Other purchased intangibles |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  | Operating expenses
Total |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  |

As of April 26, 2019, future amortization expense related to purchased intangible assets is as follows (in millions):

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Fiscal Year |  | Amount |
2020 |  | $ | 31 |
2021 |  |  | 16 |
Total |  | $ | 47 |

6. Supplemental Financial Information

Cash and cash equivalents (in millions):

The following table presents cash and cash equivalents as reported in our consolidated balance sheets, as well as the sum of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as reported on our consolidated statement of cash flows in accordance with our adoption of the ASU discussed in Note 1 – Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies.

|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |
Cash |  | $ | 2,216 |  |  | $ | 2,727 |
Cash equivalents |  |  | 109 |  |  |  | 214 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 2,325 |  |  | $ | 2,941 |
Short-term restricted cash |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 5 |
Long-term restricted cash |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |
Restricted cash |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 6 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  | $ | 2,331 |  |  | $ | 2,947 |

Inventories (in millions):

|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |
Purchased components |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 12 |
Finished goods |  |  | 123 |  |  |  | 110 |
Inventories |  | $ | 131 |  |  | $ | 122 |

Property and equipment, net (in millions):

|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |
Land |  | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 106 |
Buildings and improvements |  |  | 605 |  |  |  | 594 |
Leasehold improvements |  |  | 86 |  |  |  | 88 |
Computer, production, engineering and other equipment |  |  | 817 |  |  |  | 733 |
Computer software |  |  | 357 |  |  |  | 357 |
Furniture and fixtures |  |  | 105 |  |  |  | 99 |
Construction-in-progress |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 27 |
|  |  | 2,086 |  |  |  | 2,004 |
Accumulated depreciation and amortization |  |  | (1,327 | ) |  |  | (1,248 | )
Property and equipment, net |  | $ | 759 |  |  | $ | 756 |

In September 2017, we entered into an agreement to sell certain land and buildings located in Sunnyvale, California, with a book value of $118 million, for a total of $306 million, through two separate and independent closings. Upon the completion of the first closing in fiscal 2018, we consummated the sale of properties with a net book value of $66 million for cash proceeds of $210 million, resulting in a gain, net of direct selling costs, of $142 million. The remaining properties, consisting of land with a net book value of $52 million, were classified as assets held-for-sale, and included as other current assets in our consolidated balance sheets as of April 26, 2019 and April 27, 2018. We will consummate the sale of these properties, and receive cash proceeds of $96 million, upon the completion of the second closing, which is expected to occur within the next 12 months. That closing is subject to due diligence, certain termination rights and customary closing conditions, including local governmental approval of the subdivision of a land parcel.

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Depreciation and amortization expense related to property and equipment, net is summarized below (in millions):

|  | Year Ended |
|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |  |  | April 28, 2017 |
Depreciation and amortization expense |  | $ | 150 |  |  | $ | 145 |  |  | $ | 178 |

Other non-current assets (in millions):

|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |
Deferred tax assets |  | $ | 201 |  |  | $ | 229 |
Other assets |  |  | 389 |  |  |  | 221 |
Other non-current assets |  | $ | 590 |  |  | $ | 450 |

During fiscal 2019, we formed a joint venture with Lenovo (Beijing) Information Technology Ltd. (“Lenovo”) in China and, in February 2019, contributed assets to the newly formed entity, Lenovo NetApp Technology Limited (“LNTL”), in exchange for a non-controlling 49% equity interest. The group of assets we contributed and derecognized met the definition of a business and included cash, fixed assets, customer relationships and an allocation of goodwill, with an aggregate book value of $7 million. The fair value of our equity interest in LNTL was determined using discounted cash flow techniques to be $80 million, resulting in a non-cash gain of $73 million. We accounted for our ownership interest as an equity method investment and have presented it in Other non-current assets on our consolidated balance sheet as of April 26, 2019. LNTL will be integral to our sales channels strategy in China, acting as a distributor of our offerings to customers headquartered there, and involved in certain OEM sales to Lenovo. It will also endeavor to localize our products and services, and to develop new joint offerings for the China market by leveraging NetApp and Lenovo technologies.

Accrued expenses (in millions):

|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |
Accrued compensation and benefits |  | $ | 433 |  |  | $ | 441 |
Product warranty liabilities |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 25 |
Other current liabilities |  |  | 393 |  |  |  | 359 |
Accrued expenses |  | $ | 851 |  |  | $ | 825 |

Product warranty liabilities:

Equipment and software systems sales include a standard product warranty. The following tables summarize the activity related to product warranty liabilities and their balances as reported in our consolidated balance sheets (in millions):

|  | Year Ended |
|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 50 |
Expense accrued during the period |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | 16 |
Warranty costs incurred |  |  | (22 | ) |  |  | (26 | )
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 40 |

|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |
Accrued expenses |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 25 |
Other long-term liabilities |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 15 |
Total warranty liabilities |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 40 |

Warranty expense accrued during the period includes amounts accrued for systems at the time of shipment, adjustments for changes in estimated costs for warranties on systems shipped in the period and changes in estimated costs for warranties on systems shipped in prior periods.

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Other long-term liabilities (in millions):

|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |
Liability for uncertain tax positions |  | $ | 252 |  |  | $ | 314 |
Income taxes payable |  |  | 447 |  |  |  | 549 |
Product warranty liabilities |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 15 |
Other liabilities |  |  | 83 |  |  |  | 114 |
Other long-term liabilities |  | $ | 797 |  |  | $ | 992 |

Statements of cash flows additional information (in millions):

Non-cash investing and financing activities and supplemental cash flow information are as follows:

|  | Year Ended |
|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |  |  | April 28, 2017 |
Non-cash Investing and Financing Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures incurred but not paid |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 19 |
Non-cash extinguishment of sale-leaseback financing obligations |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 130 |  |  | $ | 19 |
Supplemental Cash Flow Information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income taxes paid, net of refunds |  | $ | 205 |  |  | $ | 87 |  |  | $ | 102 |
Interest paid |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | 44 |

7. Revenue

Effective our first quarter of fiscal 2019, we adopted ASC 606 using the full retrospective method and have restated each prior reporting period presented to conform to the new rules. Refer to Note 1 for a detailed discussion of accounting policies related to revenue recognition, including deferred commissions. The most significant impact of the new standard relates to our accounting for arrangements containing software. For our enterprise software license agreements (ELAs), we now recognize the license fee component of such arrangements up front. Under the prior rules, the software license fee was recognized over the term of the enterprise license based on our inability to establish vendor specific objective evidence of fair value for the undelivered software support element of these arrangements. In addition, for other software arrangements, revenue deferred for the undelivered elements that was previously allocated based on the residual method is now allocated based on relative fair value, which generally results in more software arrangement revenue being recognized earlier. The new standard also impacts our estimation of variable consideration for certain arrangements with contract terms such as rights of return, potential penalties and acceptance clauses.

The following table presents the impacts of adoption of ASC 606 to select line items of our consolidated balance sheet as of the end of fiscal 2018:

|  | As of April 27, 2018 |
|  | As Previously Reported |  |  | Impact of ASC 606 Adoption |  | As Adjusted |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  | $ | 1,009 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | (1 | ) | $ | 1,047 |
Inventories |  | $ | 126 |  |  | $ | (4 | ) |  |  |  | $ | 122 |
Other current assets |  | $ | 330 |  |  | $ | 62 |  |  | (2 | ) | $ | 392 |
Other non-current assets |  | $ | 420 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | (2 | ) | $ | 450 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Short-term deferred revenue and financed unearned services revenue |  | $ | 1,804 |  |  | $ | (92 | ) |  | (3 | ) | $ | 1,712 |
Other long-term liabilities |  | $ | 961 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | (4 | ) | $ | 992 |
Long-term deferred revenue and financed unearned services revenue |  | $ | 1,673 |  |  | $ | (22 | ) |  | (3 | ) | $ | 1,651 |
Accumulated deficit |  | $ | (218 | ) |  | $ | 209 |  |  | (5 | ) | $ | (9 | )

(1) | Netting of accounts receivable and deferred revenue balances for certain customer arrangements has been updated to reflect the impact of adoption

(2) | Reflects capitalization of commissions and reduction of long-term deferred tax assets

(3) | Reflects cumulative change in revenue and the impact of adoption to the netting of accounts receivable and deferred revenue balances for certain customer arrangements

(4) | Reflects increase in long-term deferred tax liabilities

(5) | Reflects cumulative impact to net income of which $197 million was the cumulative-effect of adoption as of the beginning of fiscal 2017

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The following table s present the impacts of adoption of ASC 606 to our consolidated statement s of operations for the fiscal 2018 and 201 7:

| Year Ended |
| April 27, 2018 |
| As Previously Reported |  |  | Impact of ASC 606 Adoption | As Adjusted |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product | $ | 3,461 |  |  | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | 3,525 |
Software maintenance |  | 958 |  |  |  | (56 | ) |  |  | 902 |
Hardware maintenance and other services |  | 1,492 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,492 |
Net revenues |  | 5,911 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 5,919 |
Cost of revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of product |  | 1,738 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,738 |
Cost of software maintenance |  | 25 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 25 |
Cost of hardware maintenance and other services |  | 449 |  |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | 447 |
Total cost of revenues |  | 2,212 |  |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | 2,210 |
Gross profit |  | 3,699 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 3,709 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing |  | 1,729 |  |  |  | (23 | ) |  |  | 1,706 |
Research and development |  | 783 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 783 |
General and administrative |  | 280 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 280 |
Gain on sale or derecognition of assets |  | (218 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (218 | )
Total operating expenses |  | 2,574 |  |  |  | (23 | ) |  |  | 2,551 |
Income from operations |  | 1,125 |  |  |  | 33 |  |  |  | 1,158 |
Other income, net |  | 41 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 41 |
Income before income taxes |  | 1,166 |  |  |  | 33 |  |  |  | 1,199 |
Provision for income taxes |  | 1,090 |  |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | 1,083 |
Net income | $ | 76 |  |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 116 |
Net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.28 |  |  | $ | 0.15 |  |  | $ | 0.43 |
Diluted | $ | 0.28 |  |  | $ | 0.14 |  |  | $ | 0.42 |
Shares used in net income per share calculations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | 268 |  |  |  | 268 |  |  |  | 268 |
Diluted |  | 276 |  |  |  | 276 |  |  |  | 276 |

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|  | Year Ended |
|  | April 28, 2017 |
|  | As Previously Reported |  |  | Impact of ASC 606 Adoption | As Adjusted |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product |  | $ | 3,006 |  |  | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | 3,060 |
Software maintenance |  |  | 965 |  |  |  | (60 | ) |  |  | 905 |
Hardware maintenance and other services |  |  | 1,548 |  |  |  | (22 | ) |  |  | 1,526 |
Net revenues |  |  | 5,519 |  |  |  | (28 | ) |  |  | 5,491 |
Cost of revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of product |  |  | 1,614 |  |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | 1,612 |
Cost of software maintenance |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 28 |
Cost of hardware maintenance and other services |  |  | 487 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 487 |
Total cost of revenues |  |  | 2,129 |  |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | 2,127 |
Gross profit |  |  | 3,390 |  |  |  | (26 | ) |  |  | 3,364 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing |  |  | 1,633 |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 1,651 |
Research and development |  |  | 779 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 779 |
General and administrative |  |  | 271 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 271 |
Restructuring charges |  |  | 52 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 52 |
Gain on sale of properties |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (10 | )
Total operating expenses |  |  | 2,725 |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 2,743 |
Income from operations |  |  | 665 |  |  |  | (44 | ) |  |  | 621 |
Other income (expense), net |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Income before income taxes |  |  | 665 |  |  |  | (44 | ) |  |  | 621 |
Provision for income taxes |  |  | 156 |  |  |  | (16 | ) |  |  | 140 |
Net income |  | $ | 509 |  |  | $ | (28 | ) |  | $ | 481 |
Net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 1.85 |  |  | $ | (0.10 | ) |  | $ | 1.75 |
Diluted |  | $ | 1.81 |  |  | $ | (0.10 | ) |  | $ | 1.71 |
Shares used in net income per share calculations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 275 |  |  |  | 275 |  |  |  | 275 |
Diluted |  |  | 281 |  |  |  | 281 |  |  |  | 281 |

The adoption of ASC 606 had no impact to cash provided by or used in operating, investing or financing activities as presented on our consolidated statements of cash flows.

Disaggregation of revenue

To provide visibility into our transition from older products to our newer, higher growth products and clarity into the dynamics of our product revenue, we have historically grouped our products by “Strategic” and “Mature” solutions. Strategic solutions include Clustered ONTAP, branded E-Series, SolidFire, converged and hyper-converged infrastructure, ELAs and other optional add-on software products. Mature solutions include 7-mode ONTAP, add-on hardware and related operating system (OS) software and original equipment manufacturers (OEM) products. Both our Mature and Strategic product lines include a mix of disk, hybrid and all flash storage media. Additionally, we provide a variety of services including software maintenance, hardware maintenance and other services including professional services, global support solutions, and customer education and training.

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The following table depicts the disaggregation of revenue by our products and services (in millions):

| Year Ended |
| April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |  |  | April 28, 2017 |
Product revenues | $ | 3,755 |  |  | $ | 3,525 |  |  | $ | 3,060 |
Strategic |  | 2,709 |  |  |  | 2,468 |  |  |  | 2,000 |
Mature |  | 1,046 |  |  |  | 1,057 |  |  |  | 1,060 |
Software maintenance revenues |  | 946 |  |  | 902 |  |  | 905 |
Hardware maintenance and other services revenues |  | 1,445 |  |  |  | 1,492 |  |  |  | 1,526 |
Hardware maintenance support contracts |  | 1,182 |  |  |  | 1,214 |  |  |  | 1,258 |
Professional and other services |  | 263 |  |  |  | 278 |  |  |  | 268 |
Net revenues | $ | 6,146 |  |  | $ | 5,919 |  |  | $ | 5,491 |

Revenues by geographic region are presented in Note 16 – Segment, Geographic, and Significant Customer Information.

Deferred revenue and financed unearned services revenue (in millions):

The following table summarizes the components of our deferred revenue and financed unearned services balance as reported in our consolidated balance sheets (in millions):

|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |
Deferred product revenue |  | $ | 84 |  |  | $ | 107 |
Deferred services revenue |  |  | 3,502 |  |  |  | 3,134 |
Financed unearned services revenue |  |  | 82 |  |  |  | 122 |
Total |  | $ | 3,668 |  |  | $ | 3,363 |
Reported as: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Short-term |  | $ | 1,825 |  |  | $ | 1,712 |
Long-term |  |  | 1,843 |  |  |  | 1,651 |
Total |  | $ | 3,668 |  |  | $ | 3,363 |

Deferred product revenue represents unrecognized revenue related to undelivered product commitments and other product deliveries that have not met all revenue recognition criteria. Deferred services revenue represents customer payments made in advance for services, which include software and hardware maintenance contracts and other services. Financed unearned services revenue represents undelivered services for which cash has been received under certain third-party financing arrangements. See Note 18 – Commitments and Contingencies for additional information related to these arrangements.

The following tables summarize the activity related to deferred revenue and financed unearned services revenue (in millions):

|  | Year Ended |
|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 3,363 |  |  | $ | 3,213 |
Additions |  |  | 2,763 |  |  |  | 2,566 |
Revenue recognized during the period |  |  | (2,458 | ) |  |  | (2,416 | )
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 3,668 |  |  | $ | 3,363 |

During the years ended April 26, 2019 and April 27, 2018, we recognized $1,722 million and $1,806 million, respectively, that was included in the deferred revenue and financed unearned services revenue balance at the beginning of the respective periods.

As of April 26, 2019, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations related to customer contracts that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied was $3,668 million, which is equivalent to our deferred revenue and unearned services revenue balance. Because customer orders are typically placed on an as-needed basis, and cancellable without penalty prior to shipment, orders in backlog may not be a meaningful indicator of future revenue and have not been included in this amount. We expect to recognize as revenue approximately 50% of our deferred revenue and financed unearned services revenue balance in the next 12 months, approximately 25% in the next 13 to 24 months, and the remainder thereafter.

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Deferred commissions

As a result of our adoption of ASC 606, we capitalize sales commissions that are incremental direct costs of obtaining customer contracts for which revenue is not immediately recognized. We then amortize capitalized commissions based on the transfer of goods or services to which they relate. The following tables summarize the activity related to deferred commissions and their balances as reported in our consolidated balance sheets (in millions):

| Year Ended |
| April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 137 |  |  | $ | 113 |
Additions |  | 112 |  |  |  | 92 |
Expense recognized during the period |  | (77 | ) |  |  | (68 | )
Balance at end of period | $ | 172 |  |  | $ | 137 |

| April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |
Other current assets | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | 66 |
Other non-current assets |  | 97 |  |  |  | 71 |
Total deferred commissions | $ | 172 |  |  | $ | 137 |

8. Other income, net

Other income, net consists of the following (in millions):

|  | Year Ended |
|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |  |  | April 28, 2017 |
Interest income |  | $ | 88 |  |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 44 |
Interest expense |  |  | (58 | ) |  |  | (62 | ) |  |  | (52 | )
Other income, net |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 8 |
Other income, net |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | — |

9. Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

The accounting guidance for fair value measurements provides a framework for measuring fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis, whereby the inputs used in valuation techniques are assigned a hierarchical level. The following are the three levels of inputs to measure fair value:

Level 1: Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2: Inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in less active markets; quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the assets or liabilities; or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that reflect our own assumptions incorporated in valuation techniques used to measure fair value. These assumptions are required to be consistent with market participant assumptions that are reasonably available.

We consider an active market to be one in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis, and consider an inactive market to be one in which there are infrequent or few transactions for the asset or liability, the prices are not current, or price quotations vary substantially either over time or among market makers. Where appropriate, our own or the counterparty’s non-performance risk is considered in measuring the fair values of liabilities and assets, respectively.

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Investments

The following is a summary of our investments (in millions):

|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |
|  | Cost or |  |  |  |  |  | Estimated |  |  | Cost or |  |  |  |  |  | Estimated |
|  | Amortized |  |  | Gross Unrealized |  |  | Fair |  |  | Amortized |  |  | Gross Unrealized |  |  | Fair |
|  | Cost |  |  | Gains |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |  |  | Cost |  |  | Gains |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |
Corporate bonds |  | $ | 1,359 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (8 | ) |  | $ | 1,353 |  |  | $ | 1,865 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (39 | ) |  | $ | 1,827 |
U.S. Treasury and government debt securities |  |  | 214 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 213 |  |  |  | 497 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  | 492 |
Commercial paper |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 230 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 230 |
Certificates of deposit |  |  | 117 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 117 |  |  |  | 115 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 115 |
Mutual funds |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 31 |
Total debt and equity securities |  | $ | 1,725 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | 1,718 |  |  | $ | 2,738 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (44 | ) |  | $ | 2,695 |

As of April 26, 2019 and April 27, 2018, the unrealized losses on our available-for-sale investments were caused by market value declines as a result of increasing market interest rates. Because the declines in market value are attributable to changes in market conditions and not credit quality, and because we have determined that (i) we do not have the intent to sell any of these investments and (ii) it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell any of these investments before recovery of the entire amortized cost basis, we have determined that no other-than-temporary impairments were required to be recognized on these investments as of April 26, 2019 or April 27, 2018.

The following table presents the contractual maturities of our debt investments as of April 26, 2019 (in millions):

|  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Fair Value |
Due in one year or less |  | $ | 591 |  |  | $ | 589 |
Due after one year through five years |  |  | 644 |  |  |  | 642 |
Due after five years through ten years |  |  | 455 |  |  |  | 452 |
|  | $ | 1,690 |  |  | $ | 1,683 |

Actual maturities may differ from the contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay certain obligations.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table summarizes our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in millions):

|  | April 26, 2019 |
|  |  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using |
|  | Total |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |
Cash |  | $ | 2,216 |  |  | $ | 2,216 |  |  | $ | — |
Corporate bonds |  |  | 1,353 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,353 |
U.S. Treasury and government debt securities |  |  | 213 |  |  |  | 131 |  |  |  | 82 |
Certificates of deposit |  |  | 117 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 117 |
Total cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments |  | $ | 3,899 |  |  | $ | 2,347 |  |  | $ | 1,552 |
Other items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds (1) |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | — |
Mutual funds (2) |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | — |
Foreign currency exchange contracts assets (1) |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4 |
Foreign currency exchange contracts liabilities (3) |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1 | )

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|  | April 27, 2018 |
|  |  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using |
|  | Total |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |
Cash |  | $ | 2,727 |  |  | $ | 2,727 |  |  | $ | — |
Corporate bonds |  |  | 1,827 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,827 |
U.S. Treasury and government debt securities |  |  | 492 |  |  |  | 253 |  |  |  | 239 |
Commercial paper |  |  | 230 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 230 |
Certificates of deposit |  |  | 115 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 115 |
Total cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments |  | $ | 5,391 |  |  | $ | 2,980 |  |  | $ | 2,411 |
Other items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds (1) |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | — |
Mutual funds (2) |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | — |
Foreign currency exchange contracts assets (1) |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9 |
Foreign currency exchange contracts liabilities (3) |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1 | )

(1) | Reported as other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets

(2) | Reported as other non-current assets in the consolidated balance sheets

(3) | Reported as accrued expenses in the consolidated balance sheets

Our Level 2 debt instruments are held by a custodian who prices some of the investments using standard inputs in various asset price models or obtains investment prices from third-party pricing providers that incorporate standard inputs in various asset price models. These pricing providers utilize the most recent observable market information in pricing these securities or, if specific prices are not available for these securities, use other observable inputs like market transactions involving identical or comparable securities. We review Level 2 inputs and fair value for reasonableness and the values may be further validated by comparison to multiple independent pricing sources. In addition, we review third-party pricing provider models, key inputs and assumptions and understand the pricing processes at our third-party providers in determining the overall reasonableness of the fair value of our Level 2 debt instruments. As of April 26, 2019 and April 27, 2018, we have not made any adjustments to the prices obtained from our third-party pricing providers.

Fair Value of Debt

As of April 26, 2019 and April 27, 2018, the fair value of our long-term debt was approximately $1,553 million and $1,523 million, respectively. The fair value of our long-term debt was based on observable market prices in a less active market. The fair value of our commercial paper notes approximated their carrying value. All of our debt obligations are categorized as Level 2 instruments.

10. Financing Arrangements

Long-Term Debt

The following table summarizes information relating to our long-term debt, which we collectively refer to as our Senior Notes (in millions, except interest rates):

|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |
|  |  |  |  |  | Effective |  |  |  |  |  |  | Effective |
|  | Amount |  |  | Interest Rate |  |  | Amount |  |  | Interest Rate |
2.00% Senior Notes Due September 2019 |  | $ | 400 |  |  |  | 2.32 | % |  | $ | 400 |  |  |  | 2.32 | %
3.375% Senior Notes Due June 2021 |  |  | 500 |  |  |  | 3.54 | % |  |  | 500 |  |  |  | 3.54 | %
3.25% Senior Notes Due December 2022 |  |  | 250 |  |  |  | 3.43 | % |  |  | 250 |  |  |  | 3.43 | %
3.30% Senior Notes Due September 2024 |  |  | 400 |  |  |  | 3.42 | % |  |  | 400 |  |  |  | 3.42 | %
Total principal amount |  |  | 1,550 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,550 |  |  |  |  |
Unamortized discount and issuance costs |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  |  |
Total senior notes |  |  | 1,544 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,541 |  |  |  |  |
Less: Current portion of long-term debt |  |  | (400 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Total long-term debt |  | $ | 1,144 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,541 |  |  |  |  |

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Senior Notes

Our 2.00% Senior Notes and 3.30% Senior Notes, each with a principal amount of $400 million, were issued in September 2017. Interest on these Senior Notes is paid semi-annually in March and September. Our 3.375% Senior Notes and 3.25% Senior Notes, with principal amounts of $500 million and $250 million, respectively, were issued in June 2014 and December 2012, respectively. Interest on these Senior Notes is paid semi-annually in June and December. Our Senior Notes, which are unsecured, unsubordinated obligations, rank equally in right of payment with any existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness.

We may redeem the Senior Notes in whole or in part, at any time at our option at specified redemption prices. In addition, upon the occurrence of certain change of control triggering events, we may be required to repurchase the Senior Notes under specified terms. The Senior Notes also include covenants that limit our ability to incur debt secured by liens on assets or on shares of stock or indebtedness of our subsidiaries; to engage in certain sale and lease-back transactions; and to consolidate, merge or sell all or substantially all of our assets. As of April 26, 2019, we were in compliance with all covenants associated with the Senior Notes.

As of April 26, 2019, our aggregate future principal debt maturities are as follows (in millions):

Fiscal Year |  | Amount |
2020 |  | $ | 400 |
2022 |  |  | 500 |
2023 |  |  | 250 |
2025 |  |  | 400 |
Total |  | $ | 1,550 |

Commercial Paper Program and Credit Facility

We have a commercial paper program (the Program), under which we may issue unsecured commercial paper notes. Amounts available under the Program, as amended on July 17, 2017, may be borrowed, repaid and re-borrowed, with the aggregate face or principal amount of the notes outstanding under the Program at any time not to exceed $1.0 billion. The maturities of the notes can vary, but may not exceed 397 days from the date of issue. The notes are sold under customary terms in the commercial paper market and may be issued at a discount from par or, alternatively, may be sold at par and bear interest at rates dictated by market conditions at the time of their issuance. The proceeds from the issuance of the notes are used for general corporate purposes. As of April 26, 2019, we had commercial paper notes outstanding with an aggregate principal amount of $249 million, a weighted-average interest rate of 2.73% and maturities ranging from 27 days to 38 days. As of April 27, 2018, we had commercial paper notes outstanding with an aggregate principal amount of $385 million, a weighted-average interest rate of 2.29% and maturities ranging from 19 days to 32 days.

In connection with the Program, we have a senior unsecured credit agreement with a syndicated group of lenders that expires on December 10, 2021. The credit agreement, as amended on July 17, 2017, provides a $1.0 billion revolving unsecured credit facility, with a $50 million letter of credit sub-facility, that serves as a back-up for the Program. Proceeds from the facility may also be used for general corporate purposes to the extent that the credit facility exceeds the outstanding debt issued under the Program. The credit agreement includes options that allow us to request an increase in the facility of up to an additional $300 million and to extend its maturity date for two additional one-year periods, both subject to certain conditions. As of April 26, 2019, we were in compliance with all associated covenants in this agreement. No amounts were drawn against this facility during any of the periods presented.

Sale-leaseback Transactions

In fiscal 2016, we entered into a sale-leaseback arrangement of certain of our land and buildings, under which we leased back certain of our properties rent free over lease terms ending at various dates through December 31, 2017. These properties did not qualify for sale-leaseback accounting and as a result they were accounted for as financing transactions. During fiscal 2017, we terminated one of the leases and recorded a non-cash sale of properties with a net book value of $9 million, the extinguishment of $19 million in financing obligations, and a gain of $10 million. During fiscal 2018, we terminated the remaining leases and recorded a non-cash sale of properties with a net book value of $54 million, the extinguishment of $130 million in financing obligations, and a gain of $76 million. There are no balances remaining on our consolidated balance sheets as of April 26, 2019 or April 27, 2018 associated with this sale-leaseback arrangement.

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11. Stockholders’ Equity

Equity Incentive Programs

The 1999 Plan — As most recently amended on September 13, 2018, the 1999 Stock Option Plan (the Plan) comprises five separate equity incentive programs: (i) the Discretionary Option Grant Program under which options may be granted to eligible individuals at a fixed price per share; (ii) the Stock Appreciation Rights Program under which eligible persons may be granted stock appreciation rights that allow individuals to receive the appreciation in fair market value of the shares; (iii) the Stock Issuance Program under which eligible individuals may be issued shares of common stock directly; (iv) the Performance Share and Performance Unit Program under which eligible persons may be granted performance shares or performance units which result in payment to the participant only if performance goals or other vesting criteria are achieved and (v) the Automatic Award Program under which nonemployee board members automatically receive equity grants at designated intervals over their period of board service. The Plan expires in August 2019, though activities required to extend it are currently in progress.

Under the Plan, the Board of Directors may grant to employees, nonemployee directors, consultants and independent advisors options to purchase shares of our common stock during their period of service. The exercise price for an incentive stock option and a nonstatutory option cannot be less than 100% of the fair market value of the common stock on the grant date. Options granted under the Plan generally vest over a four-year period. Options granted generally have a term of seven years after the grant date, subject to earlier termination upon the occurrence of certain events. The Plan prohibits the repricing of any outstanding stock option or stock appreciation right after it has been granted or to cancel any outstanding stock option or stock appreciation right and immediately replace it with a new stock option or stock appreciation right with a lower exercise price unless approved by stockholders. RSUs granted under the Plan include time-based RSUs that generally vest over a four-year period with 25% vesting on each anniversary of the grant date. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (the Compensation Committee) has the discretion to use different vesting schedules. In addition, performance-based RSUs may be granted under the Plan and are subject to performance criteria and vesting terms specified by the Compensation Committee.

Under the Plan, the number of shares reserved for issuance is reduced by two shares for every share subject to a full value award, which are specified to be grants that are in the form of performance shares and/or performance unit awards, stock, restricted stock or restricted stock units. The Plan (i) limits the number of shares that may be granted pursuant to awards under the Stock Issuance Program to a participant in any calendar year to 1 million, (ii) limits the initial value of performance units a participant may receive to not more than $5 million and (iii) limits the number of performance shares a participant may receive in a calendar year to 1 million.

During fiscal 2019, the shares reserved for issuance under the Plan were increased by 9 million shares of common stock. As of April 26, 2019, 28 million shares were available for grant under the Plan.

Stock Options

The following table summarizes information related to our stock options (in millions, except exercise price and contractual term):

|  | Number of Shares |  |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |
Outstanding as of April 29, 2016 |  |  | 9 |  |  | $ | 34.01 |
Exercised |  |  | (3 | ) |  | $ | 25.61 |
Forfeited and expired |  |  | (2 | ) |  | $ | 39.36 |
Outstanding as of April 28, 2017 |  |  | 4 |  |  | $ | 35.76 |
Exercised |  |  | (2 | ) |  | $ | 36.99 |
Forfeited and expired |  |  | (1 | ) |  | $ | 40.50 |
Outstanding as of April 27, 2018 |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 31.19 |
Exercised |  |  | (1 | ) |  | $ | 32.50 |
Forfeited and expired |  |  | — |  |  | N/A |
Outstanding as of April 26, 2019 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A |
Exercisable as of April 26, 2019 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A |

__________________

N/A - Not Applicable

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Additional information related to our stock options is summarized below (in millions):

|  | Year Ended |
|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |  |  | April 28, 2017 |
Intrinsic value of exercises |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 26 |
Proceeds received from exercises |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 88 |  |  | $ | 60 |
Fair value of options vested |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 15 |

Restricted Stock Units

In fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017, we granted PBRSUs to certain of our executives. Each PBRSU has performance-based vesting criteria (in addition to the service based vesting criteria) such that the PBRSU cliff-vests at the end of either an approximate two year or three year performance period, which began on the date specified in the grant agreement and ends on the last day of the second or third fiscal year, respectively, following the grant date. The number of shares of common stock that will be issued to settle the PBRSUs at the end of the applicable performance and service period will range from 0% to 200% of a target number of shares originally granted. For half of the PBRSUs granted in fiscal 2019, and all of the PBRSUs granted in fiscal 2018 and 2017, the number of shares issued will depend upon our Total Stockholder Return (TSR) as compared to the TSR of an index that includes benchmark peers (each expressed as a growth rate percentage) calculated as of the applicable period end date. The fair values of these PBRSUs were fixed at grant date using a Monte Carlo simulation model. For the remaining PBRSUs granted in fiscal 2019, the number of shares issued will depend upon our achievement against a cumulative Adjusted Operating Income (AOI) target, as defined in the grant agreements, for the three-year period from fiscal 2019 through 2021. The fair values of these PBRSUs were established consistent with our methodology for valuing time-based RSUs, while compensation cost is being recognized based on the probable outcome of the performance condition. The aggregate grant date fair value of all PBRSUs granted in fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $24 million, $20 million and $15 million, respectively, and these amounts are being recognized to expense over the shorter of the remaining applicable performance or service periods.

As of April 26, 2019 and April 27, 2018, there were approximately 1 million PBRSUs outstanding.

The following table summarizes information related to RSUs, including PBRSUs, (in millions, except for fair value):

|  | Number of Shares |  |  | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value |
Outstanding as of April 29, 2016 |  |  | 13 |  |  | $ | 32.46 |
Granted |  |  | 5 |  |  | $ | 24.99 |
Vested |  |  | (5 | ) |  | $ | 32.03 |
Forfeited |  |  | (2 | ) |  | $ | 31.66 |
Outstanding as of April 28, 2017 |  |  | 11 |  |  | $ | 28.81 |
Granted |  |  | 4 |  |  | $ | 39.74 |
Vested |  |  | (5 | ) |  | $ | 30.59 |
Forfeited |  |  | (1 | ) |  | $ | 29.54 |
Outstanding as of April 27, 2018 |  |  | 9 |  |  | $ | 32.91 |
Granted |  |  | 3 |  |  | $ | 63.40 |
Vested |  |  | (3 | ) |  | $ | 32.02 |
Forfeited |  |  | (1 | ) |  | $ | 36.61 |
Outstanding as of April 26, 2019 |  |  | 8 |  |  | $ | 45.68 |

We primarily use the net share settlement approach upon vesting, where a portion of the shares are withheld as settlement of employee withholding taxes, which decreases the shares issued to the employee by a corresponding value. The number and value of the shares netted for employee taxes are summarized in the table below (in millions):

|  | Year Ended |
|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |  |  | April 28, 2017 |
Shares withheld for taxes |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 2 |
Fair value of shares withheld |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | 48 |

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Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Eligible employees are offered shares through a 24-month offering period, which consists of four consecutive 6-month purchase periods. Employees may purchase a limited number of shares of the Company’s stock at a discount of up to 15% of the lesser of the market value at the beginning of the offering period or the end of each 6-month purchase period. On September 13, 2018, the ESPP was amended to increase the shares reserved for issuance by 2 million shares of common stock. As of April 26, 2019, 7 million shares were available for issuance. The following table summarizes activity related to the purchase rights issued under the ESPP (in millions):

|  | Year Ended |
|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |  |  | April 28, 2017 |
Shares issued under the ESPP |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 4 |
Proceeds from issuance of shares |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | 85 |  |  | $ | 80 |

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense is included in the consolidated statements of operations as follows (in millions):

|  | Year Ended |
|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |  |  | April 28, 2017 |
Cost of product revenues |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 4 |
Cost of hardware maintenance and other services revenues |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 13 |
Sales and marketing |  |  | 67 |  |  |  | 68 |  |  |  | 84 |
Research and development |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | 49 |  |  |  | 59 |
General and administrative |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | 35 |
Total stock-based compensation expense |  | $ | 158 |  |  | $ | 161 |  |  | $ | 195 |
Income tax benefit for stock-based compensation |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 41 |

As of April 26, 2019, total unrecognized compensation expense related to our equity awards was $285 million, which is expected to be recognized on a straight-line basis over a weighted-average remaining service period of 2.1 years.

Valuation Assumptions

The valuation of RSUs and ESPP purchase rights and the underlying weighted-average assumptions are summarized as follows:

|  | Year Ended |
|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |  |  | April 28, 2017 |
RSUs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 2.6 | % |  |  | 1.4 | % |  |  | 1.0 | %
Expected dividend yield |  |  | 2.4 | % |  |  | 2.0 | % |  |  | 3.1 | %
Weighted-average fair value per share granted |  | $ | 63.40 |  |  | $ | 39.74 |  |  | $ | 24.99 |
ESPP: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Expected term in years |  |  | 1.2 |  |  |  | 1.2 |  |  |  | 1.2 |
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 2.6 | % |  |  | 1.4 | % |  |  | 0.8 | %
Expected volatility |  |  | 31 | % |  |  | 28 | % |  |  | 30 | %
Expected dividend yield |  |  | 2.4 | % |  |  | 2.0 | % |  |  | 3.1 | %
Weighted-average fair value per right granted |  | $ | 18.07 |  |  | $ | 12.34 |  |  | $ | 7.85 |

Stock Repurchase Program

As of April 26, 2019, our Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of up to $13.6 billion of our common stock under our stock repurchase program . Under this program, which we may suspend or discontinue at any time, we may purchase shares of our outstanding common stock through solicited or unsolicited transactions in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions, through accelerated share repurchase programs, pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan or in such other manner as deemed appropriate by our management.

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The following table summarizes activity related to this program (in millions, except per share amounts):

|  | Year Ended |
|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |  |  | April 28, 2017 |
Number of shares repurchased |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 22 |
Average price per share |  | $ | 72.87 |  |  | $ | 51.57 |  |  | $ | 32.72 |
Aggregate purchase price |  | $ | 2,111 |  |  | $ | 794 |  |  | $ | 705 |
Remaining authorization at end of period |  | $ | 1,889 |  |  | $ | 4,000 |  |  | $ | 794 |

The aggregate purchase price of our stock repurchases for fiscal 2019 consisted of $2.1 billion of open market purchases of which $1.0 billion and $1.1 billion were allocated to additional paid-in capital and retained earnings (accumulated deficit), respectively.

Since the May 13, 2003 inception of our stock repurchase program through April 26, 2019, we repurchased a total of 313 million shares of our common stock at an average price of $37.46 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $11.7 billion.

Preferred Stock

Our Board of Directors has the authority to issue up to 5 million shares of preferred stock and to determine the price, rights, preferences, privileges, and restrictions, including voting rights, of those shares without any further vote or action by the stockholders. No shares of preferred stock were issued or outstanding in any period presented.

Dividends

The following is a summary of our fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017 activities related to dividends on our common stock (in millions, except per share amounts).

|  | Year Ended |
|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |  |  | April 28, 2017 |
Dividends per share declared |  | $ | 1.60 |  |  | $ | 0.80 |  |  | $ | 0.76 |
Dividend payments allocated to additional paid-in capital |  | $ | 403 |  |  | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 88 |
Dividend payments allocated to retained earnings (accumulated deficit) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 108 |  |  | $ | 120 |

On May 22, 2019, we declared a cash dividend of $0.48 per share of common stock, payable on July 24, 2019 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on July 5, 2019. The timing and amount of future dividends will depend on market conditions, corporate business and financial considerations and regulatory requirements. All dividends declared have been determined by the Company to be legally authorized under the laws of the state in which we are incorporated.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI) by component, net of tax, are summarized below (in millions):

|  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments |  |  | Defined Benefit Obligation Adjustments |  |  | Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available- for-Sale Securities |  |  | Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivative Instruments |  |  | Total |
Balance as of April 28, 2017 |  | $ | (29 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (29 | )
OCI before reclassifications, net of tax |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (43 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (40 | )
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | )
Total OCI |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (43 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (41 | )
Balance as of April 27, 2018 |  |  | (27 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (43 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (70 | )
OCI before reclassifications, net of tax |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 29 |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (2 | )
Total OCI |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 27 |
Balance as of April 26, 2019 |  | $ | (34 | ) |  | $ | (3 | ) |  | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (43 | )

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The amounts reclassified out of AOCI are as follows (in millions):

|  | Year Ended |  |  |
|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |  |  | April 28, 2017 |  |  |
|  | Amounts Reclassified from AOCI |  |  | Statements of Operations Classification
Recognized (gains) losses on defined benefit obligations |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | (2 | ) |  |  | 1 |  |  | Operating expenses
Realized gains on cash flow hedges |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  | Net revenues
Total reclassifications |  | $ | (3 | ) |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | (5 | ) |  |

12. Derivatives and Hedging Activities

We use derivative instruments to manage exposures to foreign currency risk. Our primary objective in holding derivatives is to reduce the volatility of earnings and cash flows associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The program is not designated for trading or speculative purposes. Our derivatives expose us to credit risk to the extent that the counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of our agreements with them. We seek to mitigate such risk by limiting our counterparties to major financial institutions. In addition, the potential risk of loss with any one counterparty resulting from this type of credit risk is monitored on an ongoing basis. We also have in place master netting arrangements to mitigate the credit risk of our counterparties and to potentially reduce our losses due to counterparty nonperformance. We present our derivative instruments as net amounts in our consolidated balance sheets. The gross and net fair value amounts of such instruments were not material as of April 26, 2019 or April 27, 2018. We did not recognize any gains or losses in earnings due to hedge ineffectiveness for any period presented. All contracts have a maturity of less than six months.

The notional amount of our outstanding U.S. dollar equivalent foreign currency exchange forward contracts consisted of the following (in millions):

|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |
Cash Flow Hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward contracts purchased |  | $ | 103 |  |  | $ | — |
Balance Sheet Contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward contracts sold |  | $ | 121 |  |  | $ | 115 |
Forward contracts purchased |  | $ | 363 |  |  | $ | 412 |

The effect of cash flow hedges recognized in net revenues is presented in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income and Note 11 – Stockholders’ Equity.

The effect of derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments recognized in other income, net on our consolidated statements of operations was as follows (in millions):

|  | Year Ended |
|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |  |  | April 28, 2017 |
|  | Gain (Loss) Recognized into Income |
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | 1 |

13. Restructuring Charges

Management has previously approved several restructuring actions to streamline our business, eliminate costs and redirect resources to our highest return activities, including the March 2016 Plan, November 2016 Plan, May 2018 Plan and April 2019 plan, under which we reduced our global workforce by approximately 11% , 6%, less than 2%, and approximately 1%, respectively. Charges related to our restructuring plans consisted primarily of employee severance-related costs. We completed all workforce related activities under the March 2016 Plan and the November 2016 Plan as of the end of fiscal 2017. Substantially all activities under the May 2018 Plan were completed as of the end of fiscal 2019. The remaining balance under the November 2016 Plan as of April 26, 2019 principally relates to lease obligations that will be paid over their remaining terms. We expect to complete all activities associated with the April 2019 plan by the end of the third quarter of fiscal 2020 with no significant additional charges.

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Activities related to our restructuring plans are summarized as follows (in millions):

|  | April 2019 Plan |  |  | May 2018 Plan |  |  | November 2016 Plan |  |  | March 2016 Plan |  |  | Total |
Balance as of April 29, 2016 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | 45 |
Net charges |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 52 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 52 |
Cash payments |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (39 | ) |  |  | (45 | ) |  |  | (84 | )
Balance as of April 28, 2017 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13 |
Net charges |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Cash payments |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7 | )
Balance as of April 27, 2018 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6 |
Net charges |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 35 |
Cash payments |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (19 | ) |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (22 | )
Balance as of April 26, 2019 |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19 |

Liabilities for our restructuring activities are included in accrued expenses in our consolidated balance sheets.

14. Income Taxes

Income before income taxes is as follows (in millions):

|  | Year Ended |
|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |  |  | April 28, 2017 |
Domestic |  | $ | 678 |  |  | $ | 589 |  |  | $ | 166 |
Foreign |  |  | 590 |  |  |  | 610 |  |  |  | 455 |
Total |  | $ | 1,268 |  |  | $ | 1,199 |  |  | $ | 621 |

The provision for income taxes consists of the following (in millions):

|  | Year Ended |
|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |  |  | April 28, 2017 |
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 764 |  |  | $ | 22 |
State |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 3 |
Foreign |  |  | 49 |  |  |  | 39 |  |  |  | 41 |
Total current |  |  | 102 |  |  |  | 813 |  |  |  | 66 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | 239 |  |  |  | 61 |
State |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | 17 |
Foreign |  |  | (32 | ) |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | (4 | )
Total deferred |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | 270 |  |  |  | 74 |
Provision for income taxes |  | $ | 99 |  |  | $ | 1,083 |  |  | $ | 140 |

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The provision for income taxes differs from the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate as follows (in millions):

|  | Year Ended |
|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |  |  | April 28, 2017 |
Tax computed at federal statutory rate |  | $ | 266 |  |  | $ | 366 |  |  | $ | 218 |
State income taxes, net of federal benefit |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 8 |
Foreign earnings in lower tax jurisdictions |  |  | (84 | ) |  |  | (108 | ) |  |  | (100 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  | (19 | ) |  |  | (23 | ) |  |  | 16 |
Research and development credits |  |  | (17 | ) |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  | (8 | )
Resolution of income tax examinations |  |  | (48 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Domestic production activities deduction |  |  | (13 | ) |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | (4 | )
Global minimum tax on intangible income |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Tax rate changes |  |  | — |  |  |  | 108 |  |  |  | 5 |
Non-taxable gain on joint venture formation |  |  | (14 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Transition tax |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  | 732 |  |  |  | — |
Other |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 5 |
Provision for income taxes |  | $ | 99 |  |  | $ | 1,083 |  |  | $ | 140 |

We generated foreign earnings in lower tax jurisdictions primarily related to income from our European operations.

In February 2019, the Internal Revenue Service completed the examination of our fiscal 2012 to fiscal 2013 income tax returns. During fiscal 2019, we recognized a tax benefit of $48 million attributable to the effective settlement and the release of related tax reserves.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) was enacted into law. The TCJA made significant changes to the U.S. corporate income tax system including a reduction of the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, the imposition of a one-time transition tax on deferred foreign earnings, and the creation of new taxes on certain foreign-sourced earnings. ASC 740, Income Taxes, requires companies to recognize the effect of the tax law changes in the period of enactment. However, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 118, which allowed companies to record provisional amounts during a measurement period not to extend beyond one year from the TCJA enactment date.

As a result of the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate change, effective as of January 1, 2018, we remeasured our deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future periods. During fiscal 2018, we recorded $108 million of tax expense related to all tax rate changes. Upon finalization of our provisional estimates during the third quarter of fiscal 2019, we recorded tax expense of $6 million related to deferred tax assets for equity-based compensation awards to our executives.

The TCJA imposes a mandatory, one-time transition tax on accumulated foreign earnings and profits not previously subject to U.S. income tax at a rate of 15.5% on earnings to the extent of foreign cash and other liquid assets, and 8% on the remaining earnings. In fiscal 2018, we recorded a $732 million discrete tax expense for the estimated U.S. federal and state income tax impacts of the transition tax. In the third quarter of fiscal 2019, we finalized our computation of the transition tax and recorded a reduction of $5 million to our provisional estimate.

As of April 26, 2019, we have completed the accounting for the tax impacts of the TCJA, however, we will continue to assess the impact of further guidance from federal and state tax authorities on our business and consolidated financial statements, and recognize any adjustments in the period in which they are determined.

Under the TCJA, the global minimum tax on intangible income (GMT) provisions impose a tax on foreign income in excess of a deemed return on tangible assets of foreign corporations. Under U.S. GAAP, companies are allowed to make an accounting policy election to either (i) account for GMT as a component of tax expense in the period in which a company is subject to the rules, or (ii) account for GMT in a company’s measurement of deferred taxes. We have elected to recognize the GMT as a period cost and thus recorded $22 million of tax expense for federal and state impacts for fiscal 2019.

In October 2016, the FASB issued an ASU which eliminates the deferred tax effects of intra-entity asset transfers other than inventory. As a result, tax expense from the sale of an asset in the seller’s tax jurisdiction is recognized when the transfer occurs, even though the pre-tax effects of that transaction are eliminated in consolidation.

During fiscal 2017, we adopted a new accounting standard that simplifies stock-based compensation income tax accounting and presentation within the financial statements and recorded a tax charge of $18 million following the post-adoption rules which require that all excess tax benefits and deficiencies from stock-based compensation be recognized as a component of income tax expense.

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The components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in millions):

|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reserves and accruals |  | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 57 |
Net operating loss and credit carryforwards |  |  | 139 |  |  |  | 131 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 22 |
Deferred revenue |  |  | 205 |  |  |  | 156 |
Other |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 29 |
Gross deferred tax assets |  |  | 426 |  |  |  | 395 |
Valuation allowance |  |  | (123 | ) |  |  | (109 | )
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance |  |  | 303 |  |  |  | 286 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prepaids and accruals |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | 21 |
Acquired intangibles |  |  | 32 |  |  |  | 29 |
Property and equipment |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | 25 |
Other |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 14 |
Total deferred tax liabilities |  |  | 104 |  |  |  | 89 |
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance and deferred tax liabilities |  | $ | 199 |  |  | $ | 197 |

The valuation allowance increased by $14 million in fiscal 2019. The increase is mainly attributable to corresponding changes in deferred tax assets, primarily foreign tax credit carryforwards and certain state tax credit carryforwards.

As of April 26, 2019, we have federal net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards of approximately $2 million and $3 million, respectively. In addition, we have gross state net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards of $25 million and $138 million, respectively. The majority of the state credit carryforwards are California research credits which are offset by a valuation allowance as we believe it is more likely than not that these credits will not be utilized. We also have $4 million of foreign net operating losses, and $43 million of foreign tax credit carryforwards generated by our Dutch subsidiary which are fully offset by a valuation allowance. Certain acquired net operating loss and credit carryforwards are subject to an annual limitation under Internal Revenue Code Section 382, but are expected to be realized with the exception of those which have a valuation allowance. The federal, state, and foreign net operating loss carryforwards and credits will expire in various years from fiscal 2020 through 2038. The California research credit and Dutch foreign tax credit carryforwards do not expire.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in millions):

|  | Year Ended |
|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |  |  | April 28, 2017 |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 348 |  |  | $ | 218 |  |  | $ | 216 |
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 131 |  |  |  | 7 |
Additions for tax positions of prior years |  |  | 26 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7 |
Decreases for tax positions of prior years |  |  | (35 | ) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |
Settlements |  |  | (54 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (12 | )
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 296 |  |  | $ | 348 |  |  | $ | 218 |

As of April 26, 2019, we had $296 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits, of which $252 million has been recorded in other long-term liabilities. Unrecognized tax benefits of $246 million, including penalties, interest and indirect benefits, would affect our provision for income taxes if recognized. As a result of U.S. tax reform, we recorded provisional gross unrecognized tax benefits of $114 million during fiscal 2018.

We recognized a benefit for adjustments to accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the income tax provision of approximately $4 million in fiscal 2019 and expense of $5 million in each of fiscal 2018 and 2017. Accrued interest and penalties of $18 million and $22 million were recorded in the consolidated balance sheets as of April 26, 2019 and April 27, 2018, respectively.

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The tax years that remain subject to examination for our major tax jurisdictions are shown below:

Fiscal Years Subject to Examination for Major Tax Jurisdictions at April 26, 2019

2014 — 2019 |  | United States — federal income tax
2011 — 2019 |  | United States — state and local income tax
2013 — 2019 |  | Australia
2013 — 2019 |  | Germany
2007 — 2019 |  | India
2013 — 2019 |  | Japan
2014 — 2019 |  | The Netherlands
2016 — 2019 |  | United Kingdom
2016 — 2019 |  | Canada

We are currently undergoing various income tax audits in the U.S. and several foreign tax jurisdictions. Transfer pricing calculations are key issues under these audits and are often subject to dispute and appeals. We are effectively subject to federal tax examination adjustments for tax years ended on or after fiscal 2001, in that we have carryforward attributes from these years that could be subject to adjustment in the tax years of utilization.

In September 2010, the Danish Tax Authorities issued a decision concluding that distributions declared in 2005 and 2006 by our Danish subsidiary were subject to Danish at-source dividend withholding tax. We do not believe that our Danish subsidiary is liable for such withholding tax and filed an appeal with the Danish Tax Tribunal. In December 2011, the Danish Tax Tribunal issued a ruling in favor of NetApp. The Danish tax examination agency appealed this decision at the Danish High Court (DHC) in March 2012. In February 2016, the DHC requested a preliminary ruling from the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). Parties were heard before the court in October 2017. In March 2018, the Advocate General issued an opinion which was largely in favor of NetApp. The CJEU was not bound by the opinion of the Advocate General and issued its preliminary ruling in February 2019. The CJEU ruling did not preclude the Danish Tax Authorities from imposing withholding tax on distributions based on the benefits of certain European Union directives. The preliminary ruling will be reviewed and may be subjected to additional briefing by the DHC. Once complete, the DHC will then issue its final decision. While the timing and outcome of a final decision on this matter is uncertain, we believe it is more likely than not that our distributions were not subject to withholding tax and we intend to vigorously defend any withholding tax claims by the Danish Tax Authorities.

We continue to monitor the progress of ongoing discussions with tax authorities and the impact, if any, of the expected expiration of the statute of limitations in various taxing jurisdictions. We engage in continuous discussion and negotiation with taxing authorities regarding tax matters in multiple jurisdictions. We believe that within the next 12 months, it is reasonably possible that either certain audits will conclude, certain statutes of limitations will lapse, or both. As a result of uncertainties regarding tax audits and their possible outcomes, an estimate of the range of possible impacts to unrecognized tax benefits in the next twelve months cannot be made at this time.

Prior to the passage of the TCJA, we had not provided U.S. income taxes and foreign withholding taxes on the undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries because we had intended to indefinitely reinvest such earnings outside the U.S. The TCJA imposes a one-time transition tax on substantially all accumulated foreign earnings through December 31, 2017 and generally allows companies to make distributions of foreign earnings without incurring additional federal taxes. As a part of the provisional estimates recorded during fiscal 2018, we considered the impacts of the TCJA and reviewed our projected global cash requirements, and have determined that certain historical and future foreign earnings will no longer be indefinitely reinvested. As of April 26, 2019, we estimate the unrecognized deferred tax liability related to the earnings we expect to be indefinitely reinvested to be immaterial. We will continue to monitor our plans to indefinitely reinvest undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries and will assess the related unrecognized deferred tax liability considering our ongoing projected global cash requirements, tax consequences associated with repatriation and any U.S. or foreign government programs designed to influence remittances.

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15. Net Income per Share

The following is a calculation of basic and diluted net income per share (in millions, except per share amounts):

|  | Year Ended |
|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |  |  | April 28, 2017 |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 1,169 |  |  | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 481 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shares used in basic computation |  |  | 254 |  |  |  | 268 |  |  |  | 275 |
Dilutive impact of employee equity award plans |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 6 |
Shares used in diluted computation |  |  | 259 |  |  |  | 276 |  |  |  | 281 |
Net Income per Share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 4.60 |  |  | $ | 0.43 |  |  | $ | 1.75 |
Diluted |  | $ | 4.51 |  |  | $ | 0.42 |  |  | $ | 1.71 |

Potential shares from outstanding employee equity awards totaling 1 million, 1 million and 6 million for fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, were excluded from the diluted net income per share calculations as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

16. Segment, Geographic, and Significant Customer Information

We operate in one industry segment: the design, manufacturing, marketing, and technical support of high-performance storage and data management solutions. We conduct business globally, and our sales and support activities are managed on a geographic basis. Our management reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis, accompanied by disaggregated information it receives from our internal management system about revenues by geographic region, based on the location from which the customer relationship is managed, for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. We do not allocate costs of revenues, research and development, sales and marketing, or general and administrative expenses to our geographic regions in this internal management reporting because management does not review operations or operating results, or make planning decisions, below the consolidated entity level.

Summarized revenues by geographic region based on information from our internal management system and utilized by our Chief Executive Officer, who is considered our Chief Operating Decision Maker, is as follows (in millions):

|  | Year Ended |
|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |  |  | April 28, 2017 |
United States, Canada and Latin America (Americas) |  | $ | 3,425 |  |  | $ | 3,207 |  |  | $ | 3,021 |
Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) |  |  | 1,847 |  |  |  | 1,873 |  |  |  | 1,741 |
Asia Pacific (APAC) |  |  | 874 |  |  |  | 839 |  |  |  | 729 |
Net revenues |  | $ | 6,146 |  |  | $ | 5,919 |  |  | $ | 5,491 |

Americas revenues consist of sales to Americas commercial and U.S. public sector markets. Sales to customers inside the U.S. were $3,116 million, $2,878 million and $2,721 million during fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The majority of our assets, excluding cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable, were attributable to our domestic operations. The following table presents cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments held in the U.S. and internationally in various foreign subsidiaries (in millions):

|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |
U.S. |  | $ | 159 |  |  | $ | 853 |
International |  |  | 3,740 |  |  |  | 4,538 |
Total |  | $ | 3,899 |  |  | $ | 5,391 |

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With the exception of property and equipment, we do not identify or allocate our long-lived assets by geographic area. The following table presents property and equipment information for geographic areas based on the physical location of the assets (in millions):

|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |
U.S. |  | $ | 572 |  |  | $ | 566 |
International |  |  | 187 |  |  |  | 190 |
Total |  | $ | 759 |  |  | $ | 756 |

The following customers, each of which is a distributor, accounted for 10% or more of our net revenues:

|  | Year Ended |
|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |  |  | April 28, 2017 |
Arrow Electronics, Inc. |  |  | 24 | % |  |  | 23 | % |  |  | 22 | %
Tech Data Corporation (previously presented as Avnet, Inc.) |  |  | 20 | % |  |  | 20 | % |  |  | 20 | %

The following customers accounted for 10% or more of accounts receivable:

|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |
Arrow Electronics, Inc. |  |  | 11 | % |  |  | 17 | %
Tech Data Corporation |  |  | 24 | % |  |  | 17 | %

17. Employee Benefits and Deferred Compensation

Employee 401(k) Plan

Our 401(k) Plan is a deferred salary arrangement under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Under the 401(k) Plan, participating U.S. employees may defer a portion of their pre-tax earnings, up to the IRS annual contribution limit. We match 100% of the first 2% of eligible earnings an employee contributes to the 401(k) Plan, and then match 50% of the next 4% of eligible earnings an employee contributes. An employee receives the full 4% match when he/she contributes at least 6% of his/her eligible earnings, up to a maximum calendar year matching contribution of $6,000. Our employer matching contributions to the 401(k) Plan were as follows (in millions):

|  | Year Ended |
|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |  |  | April 28, 2017 |
401(k) matching contributions |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 30 |

Deferred Compensation Plan

We have a non-qualified deferred compensation plan that allows a group of employees within the U.S. to contribute base salary and commissions or incentive compensation on a tax deferred basis in excess of the IRS limits imposed on 401(k) plans. The marketable securities related to these investments are held in a Rabbi Trust. The related deferred compensation plan assets and liabilities under the non-qualified deferred compensation plan were as follows (in millions):

|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |
Deferred compensation plan assets |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 31 |
Deferred compensation liabilities reported as: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued expenses |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 6 |
Other long-term liabilities |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 25 |

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Postretirement Health Care Plan

Certain of our executive officers are eligible to participate in our Executive Retirement Medical Plan (the ERM Plan). The ERM Plan provides, upon retirement, medical benefits beyond the COBRA maximum benefit period to a defined group of senior executives based on minimum age, years of service and position. The ERM Plan was unfunded as of April 26, 2019 and April 27, 2018, and there is no minimum funding requirement under the ERM Plan.

In November 2016, we made certain amendments to the ERM Plan, which prior to amendment, provided group health insurance benefits to eligible retirees. Effective January 1, 2017, the amended ERM Plan provides each eligible retiree with a capped reimbursement of premiums for the period from January 1, 2017 through December 31, 2019. During the period from December 31, 2019 through December 31, 2021, participants in the ERM Plan will be eligible to receive a lump sum cash payment equal to two years of projected health care costs, or a prorated portion thereof, pursuant to the methodology set forth in the ERM Plan. Such payment will be made by us outside the ERM Plan as the ERM Plan is expected to terminate on December 31, 2019.

These plan amendments resulted in a prior service credit adjustment of $14 million, net of taxes, which we recorded to other comprehensive income in fiscal 2017.

Other Defined Benefit Plans

We maintain various defined benefit plans to provide termination and postretirement benefits to certain eligible employees outside of the U.S. We also provide disability benefits to certain eligible employees in the U.S. Eligibility is determined based on the terms of our plans and local statutory requirements.

Funded Status

The funded status of our postretirement health care and other defined benefit plans, which is recognized in other long-term liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets, was as follows (in millions):

|  | April 26, 2019 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |
Fair value of plan assets |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 25 |
Benefit obligations |  |  | (61 | ) |  |  | (53 | )
Unfunded obligations |  | $ | (30 | ) |  | $ | (28 | )

18. Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

We lease various equipment, vehicles and office space in the U.S. and internationally.

Future annual minimum lease payments under all non-cancelable operating leases with an initial term in excess of one year as of April 26, 2019 are as follows (in millions):

|  |  | 2020 |  |  |  | 2021 |  |  |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2024 |  |  | Thereafter |  |  | Total |
Operating lease commitments |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 151 |

Rent expense under all cancelable and non-cancelable operating leases was $54 million, $59 million and $64 million in fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Purchase Orders and Other Commitments

In the ordinary course of business, we make commitments to third-party contract manufacturers to manage manufacturer lead times and meet product forecasts, and to other parties, to purchase various key components used in the manufacture of our products. A significant portion of our reported purchase commitments arising from these agreements consist of firm, non-cancelable, and unconditional commitments. As of April 26, 2019, we had $449 million in non-cancelable purchase commitments for inventory. We record a liability for firm, non-cancelable and unconditional purchase commitments for quantities in excess of our future demand forecasts consistent with the valuation of our excess and obsolete inventory. As of April 26, 2019 and April 27, 2018, such liability amounted to $16 million and $14 million, respectively, and is included in accrued expenses in our consolidated balance sheets. To the extent that such forecasts are not achieved, our commitments and associated accruals may change.

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In addition to inventory commitments with contract manufacturers and component suppliers, we have open purchase orders and contractual obligations associated with our ordinary course of business for which we have not yet received goods or services. As of April 26, 2019, we had $5 million in construction related obligations and $234 million in other purchase obligations.

Financing Guarantees

While most of our arrangements for sales include short-term payment terms, from time to time we provide long-term financing to creditworthy customers. We have generally sold receivables financed through these arrangements on a non-recourse basis to third party financing institutions within 10 days of the contracts’ dates of execution, and we classify the proceeds from these sales as cash flows from operating activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows. We account for the sales of these receivables as “true sales” as defined in the accounting standards on transfers of financial assets, as we are considered to have surrendered control of these financing receivables. Provided all other revenue recognition criteria have been met, we recognize product revenues for these arrangements, net of any payment discounts from financing transactions, upon product acceptance. We sold $87 million, $67 million and $183 million of receivables during fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

In addition, we enter into arrangements with leasing companies for the sale of our hardware systems products. These leasing companies, in turn, lease our products to end-users. The leasing companies generally have no recourse to us in the event of default by the end-user and we recognize revenue upon delivery to the end-user customer, if all other revenue recognition criteria have been met.

Some of the leasing arrangements described above have been financed on a recourse basis through third-party financing institutions. Under the terms of recourse leases, which are generally three years or less, we remain liable for the aggregate unpaid remaining lease payments to the third-party leasing companies in the event of end-user customer default. These arrangements are generally collateralized by a security interest in the underlying assets. Where we provide a guarantee for recourse leases, we recognize revenues in accordance with our revenue policy, as updated to reflect the adoption of ASC 606. In connection with certain recourse financing arrangements, we receive advance payments associated with undelivered elements that are subject to customer refund rights. We defer revenue associated with these advance payments until the related refund rights expire and we perform the services. As of April 26, 2019, and April 27, 2018, the aggregate amount by which such contingencies exceeded the associated liabilities was not significant. To date, we have not experienced significant losses under our lease financing programs or other financing arrangements.

We have entered into service contracts with certain of our end-user customers that are supported by third-party financing arrangements. If a service contract is terminated as a result of our non-performance under the contract or our failure to comply with the terms of the financing arrangement, we could, under certain circumstances, be required to acquire certain assets related to the service contract or to pay the aggregate unpaid financing payments under such arrangements. As of April 26, 2019, we have not been required to make any payments under these arrangements, and we believe the likelihood of having to acquire a material amount of assets or make payments under these arrangements is remote. The portion of the financial arrangement that represents unearned services revenue is included in deferred revenue and financed unearned services revenue in our consolidated balance sheets.

Indemnification Agreements

We enter into standard indemnification agreements in the ordinary course of business. Pursuant to these agreements, we agree to defend and indemnify other parties, primarily our customers or business partners or subcontractors, for damages and reasonable costs incurred in any suit or claim brought against them alleging that our products sold to them infringe any U.S. patent, copyright, trade secret, or similar right. If a product becomes the subject of an infringement claim, we may, at our option: (i) replace the product with another non-infringing product that provides substantially similar performance; (ii) modify the infringing product so that it no longer infringes but remains functionally equivalent; (iii) obtain the right for the customer to continue using the product at our expense and for the reseller to continue selling the product; (iv) take back the infringing product and refund to the customer the purchase price paid less depreciation amortized on a straight-line basis. We have not been required to make material payments pursuant to these provisions historically. We have not recorded any liability at April 26, 2019 related to these guarantees since the maximum amount of potential future payments under such guarantees, indemnities and warranties is not determinable, other than as described above.

Legal Contingencies

When a loss is considered probable and reasonably estimable, we record a liability in the amount of our best estimate for the ultimate loss. However, the likelihood of a loss with respect to a particular contingency is often difficult to predict and determining a meaningful estimate of the loss or a range of loss may not be practicable based on the information available and the potential effect of future events and decisions by third parties that will determine the ultimate resolution of the contingency.

We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the normal course of business. We may, from time to time, receive claims that we are infringing third parties’ intellectual property rights, including claims for alleged patent infringement brought by non-practicing entities. We are currently involved in patent litigations brought by non-practicing entities and other third parties. We believe we have strong arguments that our products do not infringe and/or the asserted patents are invalid, and we intend to vigorously defend against the plaintiffs’ claims. However, there is no guarantee that we will prevail at trial and if a jury were to find

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that our products infringe, we could be required to pay significant monetary damages, and may cause product shipment delays, require us to redesign our products, or require us to enter into roya lty or licensing agreements.

Although management at present believes that the ultimate outcome of these proceedings, individually and in the aggregate, will not materially harm our financial position, results of operations, cash flows, or overall trends, legal proceedings are subject to inherent uncertainties, and unfavorable rulings or other events could occur. Unfavorable resolutions could include significant monetary damages. In addition, in matters for which injunctive relief or other conduct remedies are sought, unfavorable resolutions could include an injunction or other order prohibiting us from selling one or more products at all or in particular ways or requiring other remedies. An unfavorable outcome may result in a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial position, and overall trends. No material accrual has been recorded as of April 26, 2019 related to such matters.

19. Subsequent Event

On May 23, 2019, we acquired all the outstanding shares of privately-held Cognigo Research Ltd., a provider of data discovery classification software designed to manage and protect critical data, for approximately $56 million in cash. We are in the process of completing the purchase price allocation for this acquisition.

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Selected Quarterly Fina ncial Data (Unaudited)

Selected quarterly financial data is as follows (in millions, except per share amounts):

|  | Quarter Ended |
|  | July 27, 2018 |  |  | October 26, 2018 |  |  | January 25, 2019 |  |  | April 26, 2019 |
Net revenues |  | $ | 1,474 |  |  | $ | 1,517 |  |  | $ | 1,563 |  |  | $ | 1,592 |
Gross profit |  | $ | 963 |  |  | $ | 974 |  |  | $ | 982 |  |  | $ | 1,026 |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes |  | $ | (11 | ) |  | $ | 52 |  |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | (12 | )
Net income |  | $ | 283 |  |  | $ | 241 |  |  | $ | 249 |  |  | $ | 396 |
Net income per share, basic |  | $ | 1.08 |  |  | $ | 0.93 |  |  | $ | 1.00 |  |  | $ | 1.62 |
Net income per share, diluted |  | $ | 1.05 |  |  | $ | 0.91 |  |  | $ | 0.98 |  |  | $ | 1.59 |
|  | Quarter Ended (2) |
|  | July 28, 2017 |  |  | October 27, 2017 |  |  | January 26, 2018 |  |  | April 27, 2018 |
Net revenues |  | $ | 1,321 |  |  | $ | 1,415 |  |  | $ | 1,539 |  |  | $ | 1,644 |
Gross profit |  | $ | 824 |  |  | $ | 900 |  |  | $ | 956 |  |  | $ | 1,029 |
Provision for income taxes (1) |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 983 |  |  | $ | 38 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 131 |  |  | $ | 174 |  |  | $ | (479 | ) |  | $ | 290 |
Net income (loss) per share, basic |  | $ | 0.49 |  |  | $ | 0.65 |  |  | $ | (1.79 | ) |  | $ | 1.09 |
Net income (loss) per share, diluted |  | $ | 0.47 |  |  | $ | 0.63 |  |  | $ | (1.79 | ) |  | $ | 1.06 |

| (1) | In the quarter ended January 26, 2018, our provision for income taxes included significant charges attributable to United States tax reform.

| (2) | The quarters of fiscal 2018 have been adjusted for our retrospective adoption of the new accounting standard Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606).

88

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGIST ERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of

NetApp, Inc.

Sunnyvale, California

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of NetApp, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of April 26, 2019 and April 27, 2018, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, cash flows and stockholders’ equity for each of the three years in the period ended April 26, 2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of April 26, 2019 and April 27, 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended April 26, 2019, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of April 26, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated June 18, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Change in Accounting Principle

As discussed in Note 7 to the financial statements, the Company has changed its method of accounting for revenue from contracts with customers in fiscal year 2019 due to the adoption of the new revenue standard. The Company adopted the new revenue standard using the full retrospective approach.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

San Jose, California

June 18, 2019

We have served as the Company's auditor since 1995.

89

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGIST ERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of

NetApp, Inc.

Sunnyvale, California

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of NetApp, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of April 26, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of April 26, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended April 26, 2019, of the Company and our report dated June 18, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and included an explanatory paragraph related to the Company’s change in method of accounting for revenue from contracts with customers in fiscal year 2019 due to the adoption of the new revenue standard.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

San Jose, California

June 18, 2019

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It em 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

It em 9A. | Controls and Procedures

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The phrase “disclosure controls and procedures” refers to controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), such as this Annual Report on Form 10-K, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Disclosure controls and procedures are also designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and our Chief Financial Officer (CFO), as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our CEO and CFO, we carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of April 26, 2019, the end of the fiscal period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K (the Evaluation Date). Based on this evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded as of the Evaluation Date that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective such that the information required to be disclosed in our SEC reports (i) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

(b) Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, our management concluded that, as of April 26, 2019, our internal control over financial reporting was effective at the reasonable assurance level based on those criteria.

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of April 26, 2019 has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

(c) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with our evaluation required by paragraph (d) of rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act that occurred during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

It em 9B. | Other Information

None.

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PA RT III

It em 10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The information required by Item 10 with respect to our executive officers is incorporated herein by reference from the information under Item 1 – Business of Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the section entitled “Executive Officers.” The information required by Item 10 with respect to the Company’s directors and corporate governance is incorporated herein by reference from the information provided under the headings “Election of Directors” and “Corporate Governance,” respectively, in the Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of our year ended April 26, 2019. The information required by Item 405 of Regulation S-K is incorporated herein by reference from the information provided under the heading “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in the Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

We have adopted a written code of ethics that applies to our Board of Directors and all of our employees, including our principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer. A copy of the code of ethics, which we refer to as our “Code of Conduct,” is available on our website at http://investors.netapp.com/governance.cfm. We will post any amendments to or waivers from the provisions of our Code of Conduct on our website.

It em 11. | Executive Compensation

Information regarding the compensation of executive officers and directors of the Company is incorporated by reference from the information under the headings “Executive Compensation and Related Information” and “Director Compensation,” respectively, in our Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

It em 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Information regarding security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management and related stockholder matters is incorporated by reference from the information under the heading “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in our Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

It em 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

Information regarding certain relationships and related transactions and director independence is incorporated by reference from the information under the headings “Corporate Governance” and “Certain Transactions with Related Parties” in our Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

It em 14. | Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the information under the caption “Audit Fees” in our Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

With the exception of the information incorporated in Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, NetApp’s Proxy Statement is not deemed “filed” as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

PART IV

It em 15. | Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

(a) | Documents filed as part of this report

(1) | All Financial Statements

See index to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K

(2) | Financial Statement Schedules

All financial statement schedules have been omitted, since the required information is not applicable or is not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule, or because the information required is included in the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this Form 10-K.

(3) | Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K

The information required by this Section (a)(3) of Item 15 is as follows:

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EXHIBIT INDEX

|  |  |  | Incorporation by Reference
Exhibit No |  | Description |  | Form |  | File No. |  | Exhibit |  | Filing Date
3.1 |  | Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as amended. |  | 10-Q |  | 000-27130 |  | 3.1 |  | November 26, 2013
3.2 |  | Bylaws of the Company. |  | 8-K |  | 000-27130 |  | 3.1 |  | April 30, 2018
4.1 |  | Indenture dated December 12, 2012, by and between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association. |  | 8-K |  | 000-27130 |  | 4.1 |  | December 12, 2012
4.2 |  | First Supplemental Indenture dated December 12, 2012, by and between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association. |  | 8-K |  | 000-27130 |  | 4.2 |  | December 12, 2012
4.3 |  | Second Supplemental Indenture dated June 5, 2014 by and between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association. |  | 8-K |  | 000-27130 |  | 4.1 |  | June 5, 2014
4.4 |  | Third Supplemental Indenture dated September 29, 2017 by and between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association. |  | 8-K |  | 000-27130 |  | 4.2 |  | September 29, 2017
10.1* |  | Form of Indemnification Agreement by and between the Company and each of its directors and executive officers. |  | 10-Q |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.1 |  | August 28, 2014
10.2* |  | Form of Change of Control Severance Agreement. |  | 8-K |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.1 |  | June 28, 2016
10.3* |  | Form of Change of Control Severance Agreement. |  | 8-K |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.1 |  | May 22, 2019
10.4* |  | The Company’s Amended and Restated Executive Compensation Plan, as amended effective June 20, 2018. |  | 10-Q |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.1 |  | August 21, 2018
10.5* |  | The Company’s Deferred Compensation Plan. |  | 8-K |  | 000-27130 |  | 2.1 |  | July 7, 2005
10.6* |  | The Company’s Amended and Restated Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended effective July 19, 2018. |  | DEF 14A |  | 000-27130 |  | Appendix B |  | August 1, 2018
10.7* |  | The Company’s Amended and Restated 1995 Stock Incentive Plan. (P) |  | DEF 14A |  | 000-27130 |  |  |  | August 21, 1998
10.8* |  | Form of Stock Option Agreement approved for use under the Company’s amended and restated 1995 Stock Option Plan. |  | 10-K |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.21 |  | July 8, 2005

93

|  |  |  | Incorporation by Reference
Exhibit No |  | Description |  | Form |  | File No. |  | Exhibit |  | Filing Date
10.9* |  | Form of Stock Issuance Agreement approved for use under the Company’s amended and restated 1995 Stock Option Plan (Restricted Stock). |  | 10-K |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.23 |  | July 8, 2005
10.10* |  | Form of Stock Option Agreement approved for use under the Company’s amended and restated 1995 Stock Option Plan (Chairman of the Board or any Board Committee Chairperson). |  | 10-K |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.22 |  | July 8, 2005
10.11* |  | The Company’s Amended and Restated 1999 Stock Option Plan, as amended effective July 19, 2018. |  | DEF 14A |  | 000-27130 |  | Appendix A |  | August 1, 2018
10.12* |  | Form of Stock Option Agreement approved for use under the Company’s amended and restated 1999 Stock Option Plan. |  | 10-Q |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.3 |  | November 26, 2013
10.13* |  | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement approved for use under the Company’s amended and restated 1999 Stock Option Plan (Employees). |  | 10-Q |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.4 |  | November 26, 2013
10.14* |  | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Employees) approved for use under the Company’s 1999 Stock option Plan, effective June 2019. |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
10.15* |  | Form of Stock Option Agreement approved for use under the Company’s amended and restated 1999 Stock Option Plan (Non-Employee Director Automatic Stock Option — Initial). |  | 10-K |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.29 |  | July 8, 2005
10.16* |  | Form of Stock Option Agreement approved for use under the Company’s amended and restated 1999 Stock Option Plan (Non-Employee Director Automatic Stock Option — Annual). |  | 10-K |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.28 |  | July 8, 2005
10.17* |  | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement approved for use under the Company’s amended and restated 1999 Stock Option Plan (Non-Employees Directors). |  | 10-K |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.17 |  | June 18, 2010
10.18* |  | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Non-Employee Directors) approved for use under the Company’s 1999 Stock Option Plan. |  | 10-Q |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.2 |  | February 11, 2019
10.19* |  | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Non-Employee Directors) approved for use under the Company’s 1999 Stock Option Plan, effective June 2019. |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —

94

|  |  |  | Incorporation by Reference
Exhibit No |  | Description |  | Form |  | File No. |  | Exhibit |  | Filing Date
10.20* |  | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Performance Based) under the NetApp, Inc. 1999 Stock Option Plan. |  | 8-K |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.1 |  | June 26, 2015
10.21* |  | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Performance-Based) Total Stockholder Return approved for use under the Company’s 1999 Stock Option Plan. |  | 10-Q |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.2 |  | August 21, 2018
10.22* |  | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Performance-Based) – Adjusted Operating Income approved for use under the Company’s 1999 Stock Option Plan. |  | 10-Q |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.3 |  | August 21, 2018
10.23* |  | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Performance-Based) Total Stockholder Return approved for use under the Company’s 1999 Stock Option Plan, effective June 2019. |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
10.24* |  | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Performance-Based) – Adjusted Operating Income approved for use under the Company’s 1999 Stock Option Plan, effective June 2019. |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
10.28* |  | Form of Stock Option Agreement approved for use under the Company’s amended and restated 1999 Stock Option Plan (China). |  | 10-K |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.27 |  | July 8, 2005
10.29* |  | Form of Stock Option Agreement approved for use under the Company’s amended and restated 1999 Stock Option Plan (France). |  | 10-K |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.30 |  | July 8, 2005
10.30* |  | Form of Stock Option Agreement approved for use under the Company’s amended and restated 1999 Stock Option Plan (India). |  | 10-K |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.31 |  | July 8, 2005
10.31* |  | Form of Stock Option Agreement approved for use under the Company’s amended and restated 1999 Stock Option Plan (United Kingdom). |  | 10-K |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.32 |  | July 8, 2005
10.32* |  | Form of Stock Option Agreement approved for use under the Company’s amended and restated 1999 Stock Option Plan (Israel). |  | 10-K |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.81 |  | June 24, 2008
10.33* |  | Bycast Inc. 2010 Equity Incentive Plan. |  | S-8 |  | 333-167619 |  | 99.1 |  | June 18, 2010
10.34* |  | Incentive Stock Option Plan of Bycast Inc. |  | S-8 |  | 333-167619 |  | 99.2 |  | June 18, 2010
10.35* |  | SolidFire, Inc. 2010 Stock Incentive Plan. |  | S-8 |  | 333-209570 |  | 99.1 |  | February 17, 2016
10.36* |  | SolidFire, Inc. 2016 Equity Incentive Plan. |  | S-8 |  | 333-209570 |  | 99.2 |  | February 17, 2016

95

|  |  |  | Incorporation by Reference
Exhibit No |  | Description |  | Form |  | File No. |  | Exhibit |  | Filing Date
10.37* |  | Outside Director Compensation Policy (effective September 1, 2018) of the Company. |  | 10-Q |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.1 |  | February 11, 2019
10.38* |  | Offer Letter for employment at the Company to Ronald Pasek, dated March 22, 2016. |  | 10-K |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.35 |  | June 22, 2016
10.39 |  | NetApp, Inc. Executive Retiree Health Plan, as amended and restated. |  | 8-K |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.1 |  | November 21, 2016
10.40 |  | Credit Agreement, dated as of December 12, 2016, by and among the Company, the lenders from time to time party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, Bank of America, N.A. and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as co-syndication agents, and The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. and Citibank, N.A., as co-documentation agents. |  | 8-K |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.1 |  | December 12, 2016
10.41 |  | Amendment No. 1 to Credit Agreement, dated as of July 17, 2017, by and among the Company, the financial institutions listed on the signature pages and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent. |  | 8-K |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.1 |  | July 17, 2017
10.42 |  | Form of Dealer Agreement between the Company, as issuer, and each Dealer. |  | 8-K |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.2 |  | December 12, 2016
10.43 |  | Collared Accelerated Share Repurchase Transaction dated as of June 5, 2013, by and between the Company and Goldman, Sachs & Co. |  | 10-Q |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.1 |  | August 29, 2013
10.44 |  | Agreement of Purchase and Sale and Joint Escrow Instructions dated as of March 9, 2016 by and between the Company and Google Inc. |  | 10-K |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.41 |  | June 22, 2016
10.45 |  | First Amendment to Agreement of Purchase and Sale and Joint Escrow Instructions dated as of March 11, 2016, by and between the Company and Google Inc. |  | 10-K |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.42 |  | June 22, 2016
10.46 |  | Second Amendment to Agreement of Purchase and Sale and Joint Escrow Instructions dated as of April 8, 2016, by and between the Company and Google Inc. |  | 10-K |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.43 |  | June 22, 2016
10.47 |  | Agreement of Purchase and Sale and Joint Escrow Instructions dated as of September 11, 2017 by and between the Company and Google Inc. |  | 10-Q |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.2 |  | November 29, 2017

96

|  |  |  | Incorporation by Reference
Exhibit No |  | Description |  | Form |  | File No. |  | Exhibit |  | Filing Date
10.48 |  | First Amendment to Agreement of Purchase and Sale and Joint Escrow Instructions dated as of October 2, 2017, by and between the Company and Google LLC. |  | 10-Q |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.3 |  | November 29, 2017
10.49 |  | Second Amendment to Agreement of Purchase and Sale and Joint Escrow Instructions dated as of October 25, 2017, by and between the Company and Google LLC. |  | 10-Q |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.4 |  | November 29, 2017
10.50 |  | Third Amendment to Agreement of Purchase and Sale and Joint Escrow Instructions dated as of October 31, 2017, by and between the Company and Google LLC. |  | 10-Q |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.1 |  | February 22, 2018
10.51 |  | Fourth Amendment to Agreement of Purchase and Sale and Joint Escrow Instructions dated as of November 2, 2017, by and between the Company and Google LLC. |  | 10-Q |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.2 |  | February 22, 2018
10.52 |  | Fifth Amendment to Agreement of Purchase and Sale and Joint Escrow Instructions dated as of November 8, 2017, by and between the Company and Google LLC. |  | 10-Q |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.3 |  | February 22, 2018
10.53 |  | Sixth Amendment to Agreement of Purchase and Sale and Joint Escrow Instructions dated as of November 10, 2017, by and between the Company and Google LLC. |  | 10-Q |  | 000-27130 |  | 10.4 |  | February 22, 2018
10.54 |  | Seventh Amendment to the Agreement of Purchase and Sale and Joint Escrow Instructions dated as of March 15, 2019 by and between the Company and Google LLC. |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
21.1 |  | Subsidiaries of the Company. |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
23.1 |  | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
24.1 |  | Power of Attorney (see signature page). |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
31.1 |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
31.2 |  | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
32.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —

97

|  |  |  | Incorporation by Reference
Exhibit No |  | Description |  | Form |  | File No. |  | Exhibit |  | Filing Date
32.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —

*Identifies management plan or compensatory plan or arrangement.

(p)Identifies paper format filed exhibit.

98

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

NETAPP, INC.
By: |  | /s/ GEORGE KURIAN
|  | George Kurian
|  | Chief Executive Officer and President (Principal Executive Officer and Principal Operating Officer)
Date: June 18, 2019

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints George Kurian and Ronald J. Pasek, and each of them, as his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or their or his substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature |  | Title |  | Date
/s/ GEORGE KURIAN |  | Chief Executive Officer and President (Principal Executive Officer and Principal Operating Officer) |  | June 18, 2019
George Kurian |  |
/s/ RONALD J. PASEK |  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) |  | June 18, 2019
Ronald J. Pasek |  |
/s/ T. MICHAEL NEVENS |  | Chairman of the Board |  | June 18, 2019
T. Michael Nevens |  |
/s/ GERALD HELD |  | Director |  | June 18, 2019
Gerald Held |  |
/s/ KATHRYN M. HILL |  | Director |  | June 18, 2019
Kathryn M. Hill |  |
/s/ DEBORAH KERR |  | Director |  | June 18, 2019
Deborah Kerr |  |
/s/ SCOTT SCHENKEL |  | Director |  | June 18, 2019
Scott Schenkel |  |
/s/ GEORGE T. SHAHEEN |  | Director |  | June 18, 2019
George T. Shaheen |  |
/s/ RICHARD P. WALLACE |  | Director |  | June 18, 2019
Richard P. Wallace |  |  |  |

99