In the second quarter of fiscal year 2021, we committed to a restructuring plan (the August 2020 Plan) to optimize our business and fund our biggest opportunities. In connection with the plan, we reduced our global workforce by approximately 5%. Charges related to the plan consisted primarily of employee severance-related costs. Substantially all activities under the plan have been completed.

In the first quarter of fiscal year 2021, we executed a restructuring plan (the May 2020 Plan) to reduce costs and redirect resources to our highest return activities, which included a reduction in our global workforce by less than 1%. Charges related to the plan consisted primarily of employee severance-related costs. Substantially all activities under the plan have been completed.

Management has previously approved several restructuring actions, including the May 2019 Plan, April 2019 Plan, May 2018 Plan and November 2016 Plan, under which we reduced our global workforce by approximately 2%, approximately 1%, less than 2%, and 6%, respectively. Charges related to these restructuring plans consisted primarily of employee severance-related costs. Substantially all activities under the May 2019 Plan were complete as of the end of fiscal 2020, and substantially all activities under the April 2019 Plan were complete as of the end of fiscal 2020. Substantially all activities under the November 2016 Plan and the May 2018 Plan were complete as of the end of fiscal 2018 and 2019, respectively.

Activities related to our restructuring plans are summarized as follows (in millions):

	Total
Balance as of April 27, 2018	$	6
Net charges		35
Cash payments		(22	)
Balance as of April 26, 2019		19
Net charges		21
Cash payments		(35	)
Other		(4	)
Balance as of April 24, 2020		1
Net charges		42
Cash payments		(42	)
Balance as of April 30, 2021	$	1

Upon adoption of the new lease accounting standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2020, the remaining lease-related liabilities associated with the November 2016 Plan were recognized as a reduction to the lease right-of-use asset recorded at transition.

Liabilities for our restructuring activities are included in accrued expenses in our consolidated balance sheets.