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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

Form | 10-Q

☒ | Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
| For the quarterly period ended | June 30, 2022

or

☐ | Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
| For the transition period from |  | to |

Commission File Number: 001-34034

Regions Financial Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 63-0589368
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1900 Fifth Avenue North |  |
Birmingham |  |
Alabama |  | 35203
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(800) 734-466 7
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.01 par value | RF | New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/40th Interest in a Share of |  |
6.375% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series B | RF PRB | New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/40th Interest in a Share of |  |
5.700% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series C | RF PRC | New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/40th Interest in a Share of |  |
4.45% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series E | RF PRE | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): ☒ Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
As of August 3, 2022 there were 934,396,325 shares of the issuer's common stock, par value $.01 per share, outstanding.
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Table of Contents
REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION
FORM 10-Q
INDEX

|  |  |  | Page
Forward-Looking Statements
Part I. Financial Information
Item 1. |  | Financial Statements (Unaudited) |  |
|  | Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | 8
|  | Consolidated Statements of Income |  | 9
|  | Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | 10
|  | Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity |  | 11
|  | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |  | 12
|  | Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |  | 13
|  | Note 1 "Basis of Presentation" |  | 13
|  | Note 2 "Debt Securities" |  | 14
|  | Note 3 "Loans and the Allowance for Credit Losses" |  | 17
|  | Note 4 "Loan Servicing" |  | 28
|  | Note 5 "Shareholders' Equity and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income" |  | 30
|  | Note 6 "Earnings (Loss) per Common Share" |  | 36
|  | Note 7 "Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits" |  | 37
|  | Note 8 "Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities" |  | 38
|  | Note 9 "Fair Value Measurements" |  | 43
|  | Note 10 "Business Segment Information" |  | 48
|  | Note 11 "Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees" |  | 49
|  | Note 12 "Recent Accounting Pronouncements" |  | 51
Item 2. |  | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 54
Item 3. |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 86
Item 4. |  | Controls and Procedures |  | 86
Part II. Other Information |  |
Item 1. |  | Legal Proceedings |  | 88
Item 1A. |  | Risk Factors |  | 88
Item 2. |  | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  | 90
Item 6. |  | Exhibits |  | 91
Signatures |  | 92

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Glossary of Defined Terms
Agencies - collectively, FNMA and GNMA.
ACL - Allowance for credit losses.
ALCO - Asset/Liability Management Committee.
ALLL - Allowance for loan and lease losses.
Allowance - Allowance for credit losses.
AMERIBOR - American Interbank Offered Rate.
AOCI - Accumulated other comprehensive income.
ARM - Adjustable rate mortgage.
ARRC - Alternative Reference Rates Committee.
Ascentium - Ascentium Capital, LLC.
ASU - Accounting Standards Update.
ATM - Automated teller machine.
Bank - Regions Bank.
Basel III Rules - Final capital rules adopting the Basel III capital framework approved by U.S. federal
regulators in 2013.
Basel Committee - Basel Committee on Banking Supervision.
BHC - Bank Holding Company.
BITS - Technology policy division of the Bank Policy Institute.
Board - The Company’s Board of Directors.
BSBY - Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield index.
CAP - Customer Assistance Program.
CARES Act - Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act
CCAR - Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review.
CECL - Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("Current
Expected Credit Losses")
CET1 - Common Equity Tier 1.
CFPB - Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.
Clearsight - Clearsight Advisors, Inc., a mergers and acquisitions firm acquired December 31, 2021.
Company - Regions Financial Corporation and its subsidiaries.
COVID-19 - Coronavirus Disease 2019.
CPI - Consumer price index.
CPR - Constant (or Conditional) prepayment rate.
Dodd-Frank Act - The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010.
DFAST - Dodd-Frank Act Stress Test.
DPD - Days past due.
DUS - Fannie Mae Delegated Underwriting & Servicing.
E&P - Extraction and production.
EnerBank - EnerBank USA, a consumer lending institution acquired October 1, 2021.
FASB - Financial Accounting Standards Board.
FCA - Financial Conduct Authority.
FDIC - The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
Federal Reserve - The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
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FHA - Federal Housing Administration.
FHLB - Federal Home Loan Bank.
FICO - The Financing Corporation, established by the Competitive Equality Banking Act of.1987.
FICO scores - Personal credit scores based on the model introduced by the Fair Isaac Corporation.
Fintechs - Financial Technology Companies.
FOMC - Federal Open Market Committee.
FRB - Federal Reserve Bank.
GAAP - Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States.
GDP - Gross domestic product.
GNMA - Government National Mortgage Association.
HPI - Housing price index.
IRE - Investor real estate portfolio segment.
IRS - Internal Revenue Service.
LIBOR - London InterBank Offered Rate.
LROC - Liquidity Risk Oversight Committee.
LTV - Loan to value.
MBS - Mortgage-backed securities.
MSAs - Metropolitan Statistical Areas.
MSR - Mortgage servicing right.
NM - Not meaningful.
OAS - Option-adjusted spread.
OCC - Office of the Comptroller of the Currency.
OCI - Other comprehensive income.
PCD - Purchased credit deteriorated.
PD - Probability of default.
PPP - Paycheck Protection Program.
R&S - Reasonable and supportable.
S&P 500 - a stock market index that measures the stock performance of 500 large companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States.
Sabal - Sabal Capital Partners, LLC, a diversified financial services firm acquired December 1, 2021.
SBA - Small Business Administration.
SBIC - Small Business Investment Company.
SCB - Stress Capital Buffer.
SEC - U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
SOFR - Secured Overnight Financing Rate.
TDR - Troubled debt restructuring.
U.S. - United States.
U.S. Treasury - The United States Department of the Treasury.
USD - United States dollar.
UTB - Unrecognized tax benefits.
VIE - Variable interest entity.
Visa - The Visa, U.S.A. Inc. card association or its affiliates, collectively.
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Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, other periodic reports filed by Regions Financial Corporation under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and any other written or oral statements made by us or on our behalf to analysts, investors, the media and others, may include forward-looking statements as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
The terms “Regions,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” as used herein mean collectively Regions Financial Corporation, a Delaware corporation, together with its subsidiaries when or where appropriate. The words “future,” “anticipates,” “assumes,” “intends,” “plans,” “seeks,” “believes,” “predicts,” “potential,” “objectives,” “estimates,” “expects,” “targets,” “projects,” “outlook,” “forecast,” “would,” “will,” “may,” “might,” “could,” “should,” “can,” and similar terms and expressions often signify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to the risk that the actual effects may differ, possibly materially, from what is reflected in those forward-looking statements due to factors and future developments that are uncertain, unpredictable and in many cases beyond our control, including the scope and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic (including the impact of additional variants and resurgences), the effectiveness, availability and acceptance of any vaccines or therapies, and the direct and indirect impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our customers, third parties and us. Forward-looking statements are not based on historical information, but rather are related to future operations, strategies, financial results or other developments. Forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations as well as certain assumptions and estimates made by, and information available to, management at the time the statements are made. Those statements are based on general assumptions and are subject to various risks, and because they also relate to the future they are likewise subject to inherent uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from the views, beliefs and projections expressed in such statements. Therefore, we caution you against relying on any of these forward-looking statements. These risks, uncertainties and other factors include, but are not limited to, those described below:
•Current and future economic and market conditions in the United States generally or in the communities we serve (in particular the Southeastern United States), including the effects of possible declines in property values, increases in unemployment rates, financial market disruptions and potential reductions of economic growth, which may adversely affect our lending and other businesses and our financial results and conditions.
•Possible changes in trade, monetary and fiscal policies of, and other activities undertaken by, governments, agencies, central banks and similar organizations, which could have a material adverse effect on our earnings.
•Possible changes in market interest rates or capital markets could adversely affect our revenue and expense, the value of assets and obligations, and the availability and cost of capital and liquidity.
•The impact of pandemics, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, on our businesses, operations, and financial results and conditions. The duration and severity of any pandemic, including the COVID-19 pandemic, could disrupt the global economy, adversely affect our capital and liquidity position, impair the ability of borrowers to repay outstanding loans and increase our allowance for credit losses, impair collateral values, and result in lost revenue or additional expenses.
•Any impairment of our goodwill or other intangibles, any repricing of assets, or any adjustment of valuation allowances on our deferred tax assets due to changes in tax law, adverse changes in the economic environment, declining operations of the reporting unit or other factors.
•The effect of new tax legislation and/or interpretation of existing tax law, which may impact our earnings, capital ratios, and our ability to return capital to shareholders.
•Possible changes in the creditworthiness of customers and the possible impairment of the collectability of loans and leases, including operating leases.
•Changes in the speed of loan prepayments, loan origination and sale volumes, charge-offs, credit loss provisions or actual credit losses where our allowance for credit losses may not be adequate to cover our eventual losses.
•Possible acceleration of prepayments on mortgage-backed securities due to low interest rates, and the related acceleration of premium amortization on those securities.
•Loss of customer checking and savings account deposits as customers pursue other, higher-yield investments, which could increase our funding costs.
•Possible changes in consumer and business spending and saving habits and the related effect on our ability to increase assets and to attract deposits, which could adversely affect our net income.
•Our ability to effectively compete with other traditional and non-traditional financial services companies, including fintechs, some of whom possess greater financial resources than we do or are subject to different regulatory standards than we are.
•Our inability to develop and gain acceptance from current and prospective customers for new products and services and the enhancement of existing products and services to meet customers’ needs and respond to emerging technological trends in a timely manner could have a negative impact on our revenue.
•Our inability to keep pace with technological changes, including those related to the offering of digital banking and financial services, could result in losing business to competitors.
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•Changes in laws and regulations affecting our businesses, including legislation and regulations relating to bank products and services, as well as changes in the enforcement and interpretation of such laws and regulations by applicable governmental and self-regulatory agencies, including as a result of the changes in U.S. presidential administration, control of the U.S. Congress, and changes in personnel at the bank regulatory agencies, which could require us to change certain business practices, increase compliance risk, reduce our revenue, impose additional costs on us, or otherwise negatively affect our businesses.
•Our capital actions, including dividend payments, common stock repurchases, or redemptions of preferred stock, must not cause us to fall below minimum capital ratio requirements, with applicable buffers taken into account, and must comply with other requirements and restrictions under law or imposed by our regulators, which may impact our ability to return capital to shareholders.
•Our ability to comply with stress testing and capital planning requirements (as part of the CCAR process or otherwise) may continue to require a significant investment of our managerial resources due to the importance of such tests and requirements.
•Our ability to comply with applicable capital and liquidity requirements (including, among other things, the Basel III capital standards), including our ability to generate capital internally or raise capital on favorable terms, and if we fail to meet requirements, our financial condition and market perceptions of us could be negatively impacted.
•The effects of any developments, changes or actions relating to any litigation or regulatory proceedings brought against us or any of our subsidiaries.
•The costs, including possibly incurring fines, penalties, or other negative effects (including reputational harm) of any adverse judicial, administrative, or arbitral rulings or proceedings, regulatory enforcement actions, or other legal actions to which we or any of our subsidiaries are a party, and which may adversely affect our results.
•Our ability to manage fluctuations in the value of assets and liabilities and off-balance sheet exposure so as to maintain sufficient capital and liquidity to support our businesses.
•Our ability to execute on our strategic and operational plans, including our ability to fully realize the financial and nonfinancial benefits relating to our strategic initiatives.
•The risks and uncertainties related to our acquisition or divestiture of businesses, including our recently completed acquisitions of EnerBank, Sabal, and Clearsight, and risks related to such acquisitions, including that the expected synergies, cost savings and other financial or other benefits may not be realized within the expected timeframes, or might be less than projected; difficulties in integrating the businesses; and the inability of Regions to effectively cross-sell products following these acquisitions.
•The success of our marketing efforts in attracting and retaining customers.
•Our ability to recruit and retain talented and experienced personnel to assist in the development, management and operation of our products and services may be affected by changes in laws and regulations in effect from time to time.
•Fraud or misconduct by our customers, employees or business partners.
•Any inaccurate or incomplete information provided to us by our customers or counterparties.
•Inability of our framework to manage risks associated with our businesses, such as credit risk and operational risk, including third-party vendors and other service providers, which could, among other things, result in a breach of operating or security systems as a result of a cyber attack or similar act or failure to deliver our services effectively.
•Dependence on key suppliers or vendors to obtain equipment and other supplies for our businesses on acceptable terms.
•The inability of our internal controls and procedures to prevent, detect or mitigate any material errors or fraudulent acts.
•The effects of geopolitical instability, including wars, conflicts, civil unrest, and terrorist attacks and the potential impact, directly or indirectly, on our businesses.
•The effects of man-made and natural disasters, including fires, floods, droughts, tornadoes, hurricanes, and environmental damage (specifically in the Southeastern United States), which may negatively affect our operations and/or our loan portfolios and increase our cost of conducting business. The severity and frequency of future earthquakes, fires, hurricanes, tornadoes, droughts, floods and other weather-related events are difficult to predict and may be exacerbated by global climate change.
•Changes in commodity market prices and conditions could adversely affect the cash flows of our borrowers operating in industries that are impacted by changes in commodity prices (including businesses indirectly impacted by commodities prices such as businesses that transport commodities or manufacture equipment used in the production of
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commodities), which could impair their ability to service any loans outstanding to them and/or reduce demand for loans in those industries.
•Our ability to identify and address cyber-security risks such as data security breaches, malware, ransomware, “denial of service” attacks, “hacking” and identity theft, including account take-overs, a failure of which could disrupt our businesses and result in the disclosure of and/or misuse or misappropriation of confidential or proprietary information, disruption or damage to our systems, increased costs, losses, or adverse effects to our reputation.
•Our ability to achieve our expense management initiatives.
•Market replacement of LIBOR and the related effect on our LIBOR-based financial products and contracts, including, but not limited to, derivative products, debt obligations, deposits, investments, and loans.
•Possible downgrades in our credit ratings or outlook could, among other negative impacts, increase the costs of funding from capital markets.
•The effects of problems encountered by other financial institutions that adversely affect us or the banking industry generally could require us to change certain business practices, reduce our revenue, impose additional costs on us, or otherwise negatively affect our businesses.
•The effects of the failure of any component of our business infrastructure provided by a third party could disrupt our businesses, result in the disclosure of and/or misuse of confidential information or proprietary information, increase our costs, negatively affect our reputation, and cause losses.
•Our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries, in particular Regions Bank, could affect our liquidity and ability to pay dividends to shareholders.
•Changes in accounting policies or procedures as may be required by the FASB or other regulatory agencies could materially affect our financial statements and how we report those results, and expectations and preliminary analyses relating to how such changes will affect our financial results could prove incorrect.
•Fluctuations in the price of our common stock and inability to complete stock repurchases in the time frame and/or on the terms anticipated.
•The effects of anti-takeover and exclusive forum laws and provision in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws.
•The effects of any damage to our reputation resulting from developments related to any of the items identified above.
•Other risks identified from time to time in reports that we file with the SEC.
You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible to predict all of them. We assume no obligation and do not intend to update or revise any forward-looking statements that are made from time to time, either as a result of future developments, new information or otherwise, except as may be required by law.
See also the reports filed with the SEC, including the discussion under the “Risk Factors” section of Regions’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 and Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 as filed with the SEC and available on its website at www.sec.gov.
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PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)
REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
| (In millions, except share data)
Assets |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 2,301 |  |  | $ | 1,350 |
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks | 18,199 |  |  | 28,061 |
Debt securities held to maturity (estimated fair value of $817 and $950, respectively) | 836 |  |  | 899 |
Debt securities available for sale (amortized cost of $31,263 and $28,263, respectively) | 29,052 |  |  | 28,481 |
Loans held for sale (includes $369 and $783 measured at fair value, respectively) | 612 |  |  | 1,003 |
Loans, net of unearned income | 93,458 |  |  | 87,784 |
Allowance for loan losses | (1,425) |  |  | (1,479) |
Net loans | 92,033 |  |  | 86,305 |
Other earning assets | 1,428 |  |  | 1,187 |
Premises and equipment, net | 1,768 |  |  | 1,814 |
Interest receivable | 365 |  |  | 319 |
Goodwill | 5,749 |  |  | 5,744 |
Residential mortgage servicing rights at fair value | 770 |  |  | 418 |
Other identifiable intangible assets, net | 279 |  |  | 305 |
Other assets | 7,516 |  |  | 7,052 |
Total assets | $ | 160,908 |  |  | $ | 162,938 |
Liabilities and Equity |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |
Non-interest-bearing | $ | 58,510 |  |  | $ | 58,369 |
Interest-bearing | 79,753 |  |  | 80,703 |
Total deposits | 138,263 |  |  | 139,072 |
Borrowed funds: |  |  |
Long-term borrowings | 2,319 |  |  | 2,407 |
Total borrowed funds | 2,319 |  |  | 2,407 |
Other liabilities | 3,819 |  |  | 3,133 |
Total liabilities | 144,401 |  |  | 144,612 |
Equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock, authorized 10 million shares, par value $1.00 per share: |  |  |
Non-cumulative perpetual, including related surplus, net of issuance costs; issued— 1,403,500 shares | 1,659 |  |  | 1,659 |
Common stock, authorized 3 billion shares, par value $0.01 per share: |  |  |
Issued including treasury stock— 975,373,716 and 982,940,601 shares, respectively | 10 |  |  | 10 |
Additional paid-in capital | 11,962 |  |  | 12,189 |
Retained earnings | 6,314 |  |  | 5,550 |
Treasury stock, at cost—41,032,676 shares | (1,371) |  |  | (1,371) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net | (2,067) |  |  | 289 |
Total shareholders’ equity | 16,507 |  |  | 18,326 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 160,908 |  |  | $ | 162,938 |

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

| Three Months Ended June 30 |  | Six Months Ended June 30
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In millions, except per share data)
Interest income on: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans, including fees | $ | 932 |  |  | $ | 849 |  |  | $ | 1,808 |  |  | $ | 1,703 |
Debt securities | 157 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 295 |  |  | 264 |
Loans held for sale | 10 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 24 |
Other earning assets | 56 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 28 |
Total interest income | 1,155 |  |  | 1,006 |  |  | 2,207 |  |  | 2,019 |
Interest expense on: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | 20 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 36 |
Long-term borrowings | 27 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 53 |
Total interest expense | 47 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 89 |
Net interest income | 1,108 |  |  | 963 |  |  | 2,123 |  |  | 1,930 |
Provision for (benefit from) credit losses | 60 |  |  | (337) |  |  | 24 |  |  | (479) |
Net interest income after provision for (benefit from) credit losses | 1,048 |  |  | 1,300 |  |  | 2,099 |  |  | 2,409 |
Non-interest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service charges on deposit accounts | 165 |  |  | 163 |  |  | 333 |  |  | 320 |
Card and ATM fees | 133 |  |  | 128 |  |  | 257 |  |  | 243 |
Capital markets income | 112 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 185 |  |  | 161 |
Mortgage income | 47 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 143 |
Investment management and trust fee income | 72 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 147 |  |  | 135 |
Securities gains (losses), net | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Other | 111 |  |  | 144 |  |  | 207 |  |  | 256 |
Total non-interest income | 640 |  |  | 619 |  |  | 1,224 |  |  | 1,260 |
Non-interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits | 575 |  |  | 532 |  |  | 1,121 |  |  | 1,078 |
Equipment and software expense | 97 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 192 |  |  | 179 |
Net occupancy expense | 75 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 150 |  |  | 152 |
Other | 201 |  |  | 202 |  |  | 418 |  |  | 417 |
Total non-interest expense | 948 |  |  | 898 |  |  | 1,881 |  |  | 1,826 |
Income before income taxes | 740 |  |  | 1,021 |  |  | 1,442 |  |  | 1,843 |
Income tax expense | 157 |  |  | 231 |  |  | 311 |  |  | 411 |
Net income | $ | 583 |  |  | $ | 790 |  |  | $ | 1,131 |  |  | $ | 1,432 |
Net income available to common shareholders | $ | 558 |  |  | $ | 748 |  |  | $ | 1,082 |  |  | $ | 1,362 |
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 934 |  |  | 958 |  |  | 936 |  |  | 959 |
Diluted | 940 |  |  | 965 |  |  | 943 |  |  | 967 |
Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.60 |  |  | $ | 0.78 |  |  | $ | 1.16 |  |  | $ | 1.42 |
Diluted | $ | 0.59 |  |  | $ | 0.77 |  |  | $ | 1.15 |  |  | $ | 1.41 |

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

| Three Months Ended June 30
| 2022 |  | 2021
| (In millions)
Net income | $ | 583 |  |  | $ | 790 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax: |  |  |
Unrealized losses on securities transferred to held to maturity: |  |  |
Unrealized losses on securities transferred to held to maturity during the period (net of zero and zero tax effect, respectively) | — |  |  | — |
Less: reclassification adjustments for amortization of unrealized losses on securities transferred to held to maturity (net of zero and zero tax effect, respectively) | (1) |  |  | (1) |
Net change in unrealized losses on securities transferred to held to maturity, net of tax | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Unrealized gains on securities available for sale: |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period (net of ($237) and $23 tax effect, respectively) | (694) |  |  | 71 |
Less: reclassification adjustments for securities gains (losses) realized in net income (net of zero and zero tax effect, respectively) | — |  |  | 1 |
Net change in unrealized gains on securities available for sale, net of tax | (694) |  |  | 70 |
Unrealized gains on derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges: |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on derivatives arising during the period (net of ($34) and $18 tax effect, respectively) | (109) |  |  | 56 |
Less: reclassification adjustments for gains (losses) on derivative instruments realized in net income (net of $20 and $26 tax effect, respectively) | 58 |  |  | 78 |
Net change in unrealized gains on derivative instruments, net of tax | (167) |  |  | (22) |
Defined benefit pension plans and other post employment benefits: |  |  |
Net actuarial gains (losses) arising during the period (net of zero and zero tax effect, respectively) | — |  |  | — |
Less: reclassification adjustments for amortization of actuarial loss and settlements realized in net income (net of ($1) and ($4) tax effect, respectively) | (7) |  |  | (10) |
Net change from defined benefit pension plans and other post employment benefits, net of tax | 7 |  |  | 10 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | (853) |  |  | 59 |
Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (270) |  |  | $ | 849 |
| Six Months Ended June 30
| 2022 |  | 2021
| (In millions)
Net income | $ | 1,131 |  |  | $ | 1,432 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax: |  |  |
Unrealized losses on securities transferred to held to maturity: |  |  |
Unrealized losses on securities transferred to held to maturity during the period (net of zero and zero tax effect, respectively) | — |  |  | — |
Less: reclassification adjustments for amortization of unrealized losses on securities transferred to held to maturity (net of zero and ($1) tax effect, respectively) | (2) |  |  | (3) |
Net change in unrealized losses on securities transferred to held to maturity, net of tax | 2 |  |  | 3 |
Unrealized gains on securities available for sale: |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period (net of ($618) and ($115) tax effect, respectively) | (1,811) |  |  | (339) |
Less: reclassification adjustments for securities gains (losses) realized in net income (net of zero and zero tax effect, respectively) | — |  |  | 2 |
Net change in unrealized gains on securities available for sale, net of tax | (1,811) |  |  | (341) |
Unrealized gains on derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges: |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on derivatives arising during the period (net of ($140) and ($65) tax effect, respectively) | (420) |  |  | (192) |
Less: reclassification adjustments for gains (losses) on derivative instruments realized in net income (net of $48 and $52 tax effect, respectively) | 140 |  |  | 154 |
Net change in unrealized gains on derivative instruments, net of tax | (560) |  |  | (346) |
Defined benefit pension plans and other post employment benefits: |  |  |
Net actuarial gains (losses) arising during the period (net of zero and zero tax effect, respectively) | — |  |  | — |
Less: reclassification adjustments for amortization of actuarial loss and settlements realized in net income (net of ($3) and ($7) tax effect, respectively) | (13) |  |  | (20) |
Net change from defined benefit pension plans and other post employment benefits, net of tax | 13 |  |  | 20 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | (2,356) |  |  | (664) |
Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (1,225) |  |  | $ | 768 |

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

| Shareholders' Equity |  |
| Preferred Stock |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Treasury Stock, At Cost |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net |  | Total |  |
| Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |  |
| (In millions)
BALANCE AT JANUARY 1, 2021 | 2 |  |  | $ | 1,656 |  |  | 960 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 12,731 |  |  | $ | 3,770 |  |  | $ | (1,371) |  |  | $ | 1,315 |  |  | $ | 18,111 |  |  |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 642 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 642 |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (723) |  |  | (723) |  |  |
Cash dividends declared | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (149) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (149) |  |  |
Preferred stock dividends | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (28) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (28) |  |  |
Impact of common stock transactions under compensation plans, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  |
BALANCE AT MARCH 31, 2021 | 2 |  |  | $ | 1,656 |  |  | 961 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 12,740 |  |  | $ | 4,235 |  |  | $ | (1,371) |  |  | $ | 592 |  |  | $ | 17,862 |  |  |
BALANCE AT APRIL 1, 2021 | 2 |  |  | $ | 1,656 |  |  | 961 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 12,740 |  |  | $ | 4,235 |  |  | $ | (1,371) |  |  | $ | 592 |  |  | $ | 17,862 |  |  |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 790 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 790 |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 59 |  |  | 59 |  |  |
Cash dividends declared | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (147) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (147) |  |  |
Preferred stock dividends | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (29) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (29) |  |  |
Net proceeds from issuance of Series E preferred stock | — |  |  | 390 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 390 |  |  |
Redemption of Series A preferred stock | — |  |  | (387) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (100) |  |  | (13) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (500) |  |  |
Impact of common share repurchases | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8) |  |  |  |  | (167) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (167) |  |  |
Impact of common stock transactions under compensation plans, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | (6) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6) |  |  |
BALANCE AT JUNE 30, 2021 | 2 |  |  | $ | 1,659 |  |  | 955 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 12,467 |  |  | $ | 4,836 |  |  | $ | (1,371) |  |  | $ | 651 |  |  | $ | 18,252 |  |  |
BALANCE AT JANUARY 1, 2022 | 2 |  |  | $ | 1,659 |  |  | 942 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 12,189 |  |  | $ | 5,550 |  |  | $ | (1,371) |  |  | $ | 289 |  |  | $ | 18,326 |  |  |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 548 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 548 |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,503) |  |  | (1,503) |  |  |
Cash dividends declared | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (159) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (159) |  |  |
Preferred stock dividends | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (24) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (24) |  |  |
Impact of common stock share repurchases | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9) |  |  | — |  |  | (215) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (215) |  |  |
Impact of common stock transactions under compensation plans, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  |
BALANCE AT MARCH 31, 2022 | 2 |  |  | $ | 1,659 |  |  | 933 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 11,983 |  |  | $ | 5,915 |  |  | $ | (1,371) |  |  | $ | (1,214) |  |  | $ | 16,982 |  |  |
BALANCE AT APRIL 1, 2022 | 2 |  |  | $ | 1,659 |  |  | 933 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 11,983 |  |  | $ | 5,915 |  |  | $ | (1,371) |  |  | $ | (1,214) |  |  | $ | 16,982 |  |  |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 583 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 583 |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (853) |  |  | (853) |  |  |
Cash dividends declared | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (159) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (159) |  |  |
Preferred stock dividends | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (25) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (25) |  |  |
Impact of common stock share repurchases | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | (15) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15) |  |  |
Impact of common stock transactions under compensation plans, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6) |  |  |
BALANCE AT JUNE 30, 2022 | 2 |  |  | $ | 1,659 |  |  | 934 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 11,962 |  |  | $ | 6,314 |  |  | $ | (1,371) |  |  | $ | (2,067) |  |  | $ | 16,507 |  |  |

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

| Six Months Ended June 30
| 2022 |  | 2021
| (In millions)
Operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 1,131 |  |  | $ | 1,432 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities: |  |  |
Provision for (benefit from) credit losses | 24 |  |  | (479) |
Depreciation, amortization and accretion, net | 201 |  |  | 195 |
Securities (gains) losses, net | — |  |  | (2) |
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) | 76 |  |  | 180 |
Originations and purchases of loans held for sale | (2,811) |  |  | (3,516) |
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale | 3,168 |  |  | 4,143 |
(Gain) loss on sale of loans, net | (18) |  |  | (123) |
Net change in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Other earning assets | (244) |  |  | (40) |
Interest receivable and other assets | (620) |  |  | (313) |
Other liabilities | 637 |  |  | (128) |
Other | (39) |  |  | 79 |
Net cash from operating activities | 1,505 |  |  | 1,428 |
Investing activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from maturities of debt securities held to maturity | 63 |  |  | 129 |
Proceeds from sales of debt securities available for sale | 1,106 |  |  | 45 |
Proceeds from maturities of debt securities available for sale | 2,621 |  |  | 2,961 |
Purchases of debt securities available for sale | (6,789) |  |  | (5,790) |
Net (payments for) proceeds from bank-owned life insurance | (1) |  |  | 1 |
Proceeds from sales of loans | 461 |  |  | 203 |
Purchases of loans | (571) |  |  | (548) |
Purchases of residential mortgage servicing rights | (234) |  |  | (37) |
Net change in loans | (5,602) |  |  | 1,594 |
Net purchases of other assets | (41) |  |  | (37) |
Net cash from investing activities | (8,987) |  |  | (1,479) |
Financing activities: |  |  |
Net change in deposits | (809) |  |  | 9,005 |
Payments on long-term borrowings | — |  |  | (674) |
Net proceeds from issuance of preferred stock | — |  |  | 390 |
Payment for redemption of preferred stock | — |  |  | (500) |
Cash dividends on common stock | (319) |  |  | (298) |
Cash dividends on preferred stock | (49) |  |  | (57) |
Repurchases of common stock | (230) |  |  | (167) |
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards | (22) |  |  | (10) |
Net cash from financing activities | (1,429) |  |  | 7,689 |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents | (8,911) |  |  | 7,638 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 29,411 |  |  | 17,956 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 20,500 |  |  | $ | 25,594 |

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Regions Financial Corporation (“Regions” or the "Company”) provides a full range of banking and bank-related services to individual and corporate customers through its subsidiaries and branch offices located across the South, Midwest and Texas as well as delivering specialty capabilities nationwide. Regions is subject to the regulations of certain government agencies and undergoes periodic examinations by certain regulatory authorities.
The accounting and reporting policies of Regions and the methods of applying those policies that materially affect the consolidated financial statements conform with GAAP and with general financial services industry practices. The accompanying interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions for Form 10-Q and, therefore, do not include all information and notes to the consolidated financial statements necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income (loss) and cash flows in conformity with GAAP. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal and recurring items, necessary for the fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements have been included. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in Regions’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. Regions has evaluated all subsequent events for potential recognition and disclosure through the filing date of this Form 10-Q.
During 2022, the Company adopted new accounting guidance related to several topics. See Note 12 for related disclosures.
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NOTE 2. DEBT SECURITIES
The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and estimated fair value of debt securities held to maturity and debt securities available for sale are as follows:

| June 30, 2022
|  |  | Recognized in OCI (1) |  |  |  | Not Recognized in OCI |  |
| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Carrying Value |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value
| (In millions)
Debt securities held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential agency | $ | 316 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (11) |  |  | $ | 305 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (9) |  |  | $ | 296 |
Commercial agency | 532 |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | 531 |  |  | — |  |  | (10) |  |  | 521 |
| $ | 848 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (12) |  |  | $ | 836 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (19) |  |  | $ | 817 |
Debt securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities | $ | 1,329 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | (83) |  |  | $ | 1,252 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,252 |
Federal agency securities | 711 |  |  | — |  |  | (28) |  |  | 683 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 683 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  |  | 3 |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential agency | 20,700 |  |  | 38 |  |  | (1,731) |  |  | 19,007 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 19,007 |
Residential non-agency | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |
Commercial agency | 6,961 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (356) |  |  | 6,607 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,607 |
Commercial non-agency | 324 |  |  | — |  |  | (9) |  |  | 315 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 315 |
Corporate and other debt securities | 1,234 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (51) |  |  | 1,184 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,184 |
| $ | 31,263 |  |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | (2,258) |  |  | $ | 29,052 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 29,052 |

| December 31, 2021
|  |  | Recognized in OCI (1) |  |  |  | Not Recognized in OCI |  |
| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Carrying Value |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value
| (In millions)
Debt securities held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential agency | $ | 370 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (13) |  |  | $ | 357 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 377 |
Commercial agency | 543 |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | 542 |  |  | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | 573 |
| $ | 913 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (14) |  |  | $ | 899 |  |  | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 950 |
Debt securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities | $ | 1,137 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (7) |  |  | $ | 1,132 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,132 |
Federal agency securities | 94 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (3) |  |  | 92 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 92 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4 |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential agency | 18,873 |  |  | 287 |  |  | (198) |  |  | 18,962 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18,962 |
Residential non-agency | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |
Commercial agency | 6,271 |  |  | 163 |  |  | (61) |  |  | 6,373 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,373 |
Commercial non-agency | 532 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 536 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 536 |
Corporate and other debt securities | 1,351 |  |  | 36 |  |  | (6) |  |  | 1,381 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,381 |
| $ | 28,263 |  |  | $ | 493 |  |  | $ | (275) |  |  | $ | 28,481 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 28,481 |

_________
(1)The gross unrealized losses recognized in OCI on securities held to maturity resulted from a transfer of securities available for sale to held to maturity in the second quarter of 2013.
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Debt securities with carrying values of $9.5 billion and $9.2 billion at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, were pledged to secure public funds, trust deposits and certain borrowing arrangements.
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities held to maturity and debt securities available for sale at June 30, 2022, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

| Amortized Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value
| (In millions)
Debt securities held to maturity: |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |
Residential agency | $ | 316 |  |  | $ | 296 |
Commercial agency | 532 |  |  | 521 |
| $ | 848 |  |  | $ | 817 |
Debt securities available for sale: |  |  |
Due in one year or less | $ | 195 |  |  | $ | 194 |
Due after one year through five years | 2,277 |  |  | 2,195 |
Due after five years through ten years | 694 |  |  | 636 |
Due after ten years | 111 |  |  | 97 |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |
Residential agency | 20,700 |  |  | 19,007 |
Residential non-agency | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Commercial agency | 6,961 |  |  | 6,607 |
Commercial non-agency | 324 |  |  | 315 |
| $ | 31,263 |  |  | $ | 29,052 |

The following tables present gross unrealized losses and the related estimated fair value of debt securities held to maturity at June 30, 2022 and debt securities available for sale are presented at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. For debt securities transferred to held to maturity from available for sale, the analysis in the tables below compares the securities' original amortized cost to its current estimated fair value; there were no unrealized losses on debt securities held to maturity using this analysis at December 31, 2021. These securities are segregated between investments that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than twelve months and for twelve months or more.

| June 30, 2022
| Less Than Twelve Months |  | Twelve Months or More |  | Total
| Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses
| (In millions)
Debt securities held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential agency | $ | 296 |  |  | $ | (20) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 296 |  |  | $ | (20) |
Commercial agency | 521 |  | (11) |  | — |  | — |  |  | 521 |  |  | (11) |
| $ | 817 |  |  | $ | (31) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 817 |  |  | $ | (31) |
Debt securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities | $ | 994 |  |  | $ | (82) |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | 999 |  |  | $ | (83) |
Federal agency securities | 623 |  |  | (19) |  |  | 56 |  |  | (9) |  |  | 679 |  |  | (28) |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential agency | 14,107 |  |  | (1,077) |  |  | 4,321 |  |  | (654) |  |  | 18,428 |  |  | (1,731) |
Commercial agency | 5,214 |  |  | (225) |  |  | 1,003 |  |  | (131) |  |  | 6,217 |  |  | (356) |
Commercial non-agency | 315 |  |  | (9) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 315 |  |  | (9) |
Corporate and other debt securities | 971 |  |  | (47) |  |  | 76 |  |  | (4) |  |  | 1,047 |  |  | (51) |
| $ | 22,224 |  |  | $ | (1,459) |  |  | $ | 5,461 |  |  | $ | (799) |  |  | $ | 27,685 |  |  | $ | (2,258) |

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| December 31, 2021
| Less Than Twelve Months |  | Twelve Months or More |  | Total
| Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses
| (In millions)
Debt securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities | $ | 1,010 |  |  | $ | (7) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,010 |  |  | $ | (7) |
Federal agency securities | 63 |  |  | (3) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 63 |  |  | (3) |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential agency | 9,528 |  |  | (171) |  |  | 686 |  |  | (27) |  |  | 10,214 |  |  | (198) |
Commercial agency | 1,333 |  |  | (29) |  |  | 760 |  |  | (32) |  |  | 2,093 |  |  | (61) |
Corporate and other debt securities | 444 |  |  | (6) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 444 |  |  | (6) |
| $ | 12,378 |  |  | $ | (216) |  |  | $ | 1,446 |  |  | $ | (59) |  |  | $ | 13,824 |  |  | $ | (275) |

The number of individual debt positions in an unrealized loss position in the tables above increased from 479 at December 31, 2021, to 1,652 at June 30, 2022. The increase in the number of securities and the total amount of unrealized losses from year-end 2021 was primarily due to changes in market interest rates. In instances where an unrealized loss existed, there was no indication of an adverse change in credit on the underlying positions in the tables above. As it relates to these positions, management believes no individual unrealized loss represented credit impairment as of those dates. The Company does not intend to sell, and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell, the positions before the recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity.
Gross realized gains and gross realized losses on sales of debt securities available for sale for the six months ended June 30, 2022 is presented below. Gross realized gains and gross realized losses on sales of debt securities available for sale were immaterial for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and the three and six months ended June 30, 2021. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. As part of the Company's normal process for evaluating impairment, management did not identify any positions where impairment was believed to exist in either of the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 or 2021.

|  |  | Six Months Ended |  |
|  |  | June 30, 2022 |  |
|  |  | (in millions) |  |
Gross realized gains |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  |
Gross realized losses |  |  | (17) |  |  |
Securities gains (losses), net |  |  | $ | — |  |  |

.

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NOTE 3. LOANS AND THE ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
LOANS
The following table presents the distribution of Regions' loan portfolio by segment and class, net of unearned income:

| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
| (In millions)
Commercial and industrial | $ | 48,492 |  |  | $ | 43,758 |
Commercial real estate mortgage—owner-occupied | 5,218 |  |  | 5,287 |
Commercial real estate construction—owner-occupied | 266 |  |  | 264 |
Total commercial | 53,976 |  |  | 49,309 |
Commercial investor real estate mortgage | 5,892 |  |  | 5,441 |
Commercial investor real estate construction | 1,720 |  |  | 1,586 |
Total investor real estate | 7,612 |  |  | 7,027 |
Residential first mortgage | 17,892 |  |  | 17,512 |
Home equity lines | 3,550 |  |  | 3,744 |
Home equity loans | 2,524 |  |  | 2,510 |
Consumer credit card | 1,172 |  |  | 1,184 |
Other consumer-exit portfolio | 775 |  |  | 1,071 |
Other consumer | 5,957 |  |  | 5,427 |
Total consumer | 31,870 |  |  | 31,448 |
Total loans, net of unearned income | $ | 93,458 |  |  | $ | 87,784 |

During the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, Regions purchased approximately $563 million and $532 million in other consumer, residential first mortgage and commercial and industrial loans from third parties, respectively.
At June 30, 2022, $15.2 billion in net eligible loans held by Regions were pledged for potential borrowings from the FHLB. At June 30, 2022, an additional $15.1 billion in net eligible loans held by Regions were pledged to the FRB for potential borrowings.
Included in the commercial and industrial loan balance are sales-type and direct financing leases totaling $1.3 billion as of June 30, 2022, with related income of $24 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022.
ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
Regions determines the appropriate level of the allowance on a quarterly basis. Refer to Note 1 "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" to the consolidated financial statements to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, for a description of the methodology.
ROLLFORWARD OF ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
The following tables present analyses of the allowance by portfolio segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
| Commercial |  | Investor Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Total
| (In millions)
Allowance for loan losses, April 1, 2022 | $ | 620 |  |  | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | 721 |  |  | $ | 1,416 |
Provision for (benefit from) loan losses | (14) |  |  | 15 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 47 |
Loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Charge-offs | (22) |  |  | — |  |  | (48) |  |  | (70) |
Recoveries | 13 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 32 |
Net loan (losses) recoveries | (9) |  |  | 1 |  |  | (30) |  |  | (38) |
Allowance for loan losses, June 30, 2022 | 597 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 737 |  |  | 1,425 |
Reserve for unfunded credit commitments, April 1, 2022 | 52 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 76 |
Provision for (benefit from) unfunded credit commitments | 5 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 13 |
Reserve for unfunded credit commitments, June 30, 2022 | 57 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 89 |
Allowance for credit losses, June 30, 2022 | $ | 654 |  |  | $ | 101 |  |  | $ | 759 |  |  | $ | 1,514 |

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| Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
| Commercial |  | Investor Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Total
| (In millions)
Allowance for loan losses, April 1, 2021 | $ | 1,082 |  |  | $ | 150 |  |  | $ | 744 |  |  | $ | 1,976 |
Provision for (benefit from) loan losses | (203) |  |  | (57) |  |  | (72) |  |  | (332) |
Loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Charge-offs | (36) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (43) |  |  | (83) |
Recoveries | 15 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 36 |
Net loan (losses) recoveries | (21) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (24) |  |  | (47) |
Allowance for loan losses, June 30, 2021 | 858 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 648 |  |  | 1,597 |
Reserve for unfunded credit commitments, April 1, 2021 | 67 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 92 |
Provision for (benefit from) unfunded credit commitments | (6) |  |  | 2 |  |  | (1) |  |  | (5) |
Reserve for unfunded credit commitments, June 30, 2021 | 61 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 87 |
Allowance for credit losses, June 30, 2021 | $ | 919 |  |  | $ | 104 |  |  | $ | 661 |  |  | $ | 1,684 |

| Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
| Commercial |  | Investor Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Total
| (In millions)
Allowance for loan losses, January 1, 2022 | $ | 682 |  |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 718 |  |  | $ | 1,479 |
Provision for (benefit from) loan losses | (63) |  |  | 11 |  |  | 82 |  |  | 30 |
Loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Charge-offs | (48) |  |  | — |  |  | (99) |  |  | (147) |
Recoveries | 26 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 63 |
Net loan (losses) recoveries | (22) |  |  | 1 |  |  | (63) |  |  | (84) |
Allowance for loan losses, June 30, 2022 | 597 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 737 |  |  | 1,425 |
Reserve for unfunded credit commitments, January 1, 2022 | 58 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 95 |
Provision for (benefit from) unfunded credit commitments | (1) |  |  | 2 |  |  | (7) |  |  | (6) |
Reserve for unfunded credit commitments, June 30, 2022 | 57 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 89 |
Allowance for credit losses, June 30, 2022 | $ | 654 |  |  | $ | 101 |  |  | $ | 759 |  |  | $ | 1,514 |

| Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
| Commercial |  | Investor Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Total
| (In millions)
Allowance for loan losses, January 1, 2021 | $ | 1,196 |  |  | $ | 183 |  |  | $ | 788 |  |  | $ | 2,167 |
Provision for (benefit from) loan losses | (286) |  |  | (75) |  |  | (79) |  |  | (440) |
Loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Charge-offs | (83) |  |  | (19) |  |  | (95) |  |  | (197) |
Recoveries | 31 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 67 |
Net loan (losses) recoveries | (52) |  |  | (17) |  |  | (61) |  |  | (130) |
Allowance for loan losses, June 30, 2021 | 858 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 648 |  |  | 1,597 |
Reserve for unfunded credit commitments, January 1, 2021 | 97 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 126 |
Provision for (benefit from) unfunded commitments | (36) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (39) |
Reserve for unfunded credit commitments, June 30, 2021 | 61 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 87 |
Allowance for credit losses, June 30, 2021 | $ | 919 |  |  | $ | 104 |  |  | $ | 661 |  |  | $ | 1,684 |

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PORTFOLIO SEGMENT RISK FACTORS
Regions’ portfolio segments are commercial, investor real estate and consumer. Classes within each segment present unique credit risks. Refer to Note 5 "Allowance for Credit Losses" in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for information regarding Regions’ portfolio segments and related classes, as well as the risks specific to each.
CREDIT QUALITY INDICATORS
The commercial and investor real estate portfolio segments’ primary credit quality indicator is internal risk ratings which are detailed by categories related to underlying credit quality and probability of default. Regions assigns these risk ratings at loan origination and reviews the relationship utilizing a risk-based approach on, at minimum, an annual basis or at any time management becomes aware of information affecting the borrowers' ability to fulfill their obligations. Both quantitative and qualitative factors are considered in this review process. Regions' ratings are aligned to federal banking regulators’ definitions and are utilized to develop the associated allowance. Refer to Note 5 "Allowance for Credit Losses" in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for information regarding commercial risk ratings.
Regions' consumer portfolio segment has various classes that present unique credit risks. Regions considers factors such as periodic updates of FICO scores, accrual status, days past due status, unemployment rates, home prices and geography as credit quality indicators for the consumer loan portfolio. FICO scores are obtained at origination as part of Regions' formal underwriting process. Refreshed FICO scores are obtained by the Company quarterly for all consumer loans, including residential first mortgage loans. Current FICO data is not available for certain loans in the portfolio for various reasons; for example, if customers do not use sufficient credit, an updated score may not be available. These categories are utilized to develop the associated allowance for credit losses. The higher the FICO score the less probability of default and vice versa.
The following tables present applicable credit quality indicators for the loan portfolio segments and classes, excluding loans held for sale, by vintage year as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Classes in the commercial and investor real estate portfolio segments are disclosed by risk rating. Classes in the consumer portfolio segment are disclosed by current FICO scores. Refer to Note 5 "Allowance for Credit Losses" in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for more information regarding Regions' credit quality indicators.

| June 30, 2022
Term Loans |  | Revolving Loans |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Amortizing |  | Unallocated (1) |  | Total
Origination Year
2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | Prior
(In millions)
Commercial and industrial:
Risk Rating: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass(2) | $ | 6,558 |  | $ | 8,826 |  | $ | 4,065 |  | $ | 3,009 |  | $ | 1,634 |  | $ | 3,760 |  |  | $ | 19,053 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 46,956 |
Special Mention | 14 |  | 73 |  | 11 |  | 87 |  | 2 |  | 35 |  |  | 352 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 574 |
Substandard Accrual | 5 |  | 59 |  | 139 |  | 45 |  | 44 |  | 17 |  |  | 396 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 705 |
Non-accrual | 9 |  | 43 |  | 11 |  | 35 |  | 42 |  | 16 |  |  | 101 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 257 |
Total commercial and industrial | $ | 6,586 |  | $ | 9,001 |  | $ | 4,226 |  | $ | 3,176 |  | $ | 1,722 |  | $ | 3,828 |  |  | $ | 19,902 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 48,492 |
Commercial real estate mortgage—owner-occupied:
Risk Rating: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 690 |  | $ | 1,266 |  | $ | 985 |  | $ | 557 |  | $ | 590 |  | $ | 814 |  |  | $ | 114 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (5) |  |  | $ | 5,011 |
Special Mention | 2 |  | 19 |  | 41 |  | 10 |  | 14 |  | 20 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 107 |
Substandard Accrual | — |  | 2 |  | 9 |  | 47 |  | 3 |  | 9 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 71 |
Non-accrual | 1 |  | — |  | 4 |  | 2 |  | 6 |  | 15 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29 |
Total commercial real estate mortgage—owner-occupied: | $ | 693 |  | $ | 1,287 |  | $ | 1,039 |  | $ | 616 |  | $ | 613 |  | $ | 858 |  |  | $ | 117 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (5) |  |  | $ | 5,218 |

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| June 30, 2022
Term Loans |  | Revolving Loans |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Amortizing |  | Unallocated (1) |  | Total
Origination Year
2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | Prior
(In millions)
Commercial real estate construction—owner-occupied:
Risk Rating: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 54 |  | $ | 84 |  | $ | 34 |  | $ | 17 |  | $ | 19 |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 253 |
Special Mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Substandard Accrual | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Non-accrual | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | — |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |
Total commercial real estate construction—owner-occupied: | $ | 54 |  | $ | 84 |  | $ | 35 |  | $ | 18 |  | $ | 21 |  | $ | 52 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 266 |
Total commercial | $ | 7,333 |  | $ | 10,372 |  | $ | 5,300 |  | $ | 3,810 |  | $ | 2,356 |  | $ | 4,738 |  |  | $ | 20,021 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 53,976 |
Commercial investor real estate mortgage:
Risk Rating: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 1,196 |  | $ | 1,444 |  | $ | 821 |  | $ | 799 |  | $ | 407 |  | $ | 178 |  |  | $ | 550 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (7) |  |  | $ | 5,388 |
Special Mention | 65 |  | 13 |  | 7 |  | — |  | 2 |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 92 |
Substandard Accrual | 17 |  | 27 |  | 69 |  | 201 |  | 65 |  | 23 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 409 |
Non-accrual | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Total commercial investor real estate mortgage | $ | 1,278 |  | $ | 1,484 |  | $ | 897 |  | $ | 1,000 |  | $ | 474 |  | $ | 209 |  |  | $ | 557 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (7) |  |  | $ | 5,892 |
Commercial investor real estate construction:
Risk Rating: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 170 |  | $ | 339 |  | $ | 254 |  | $ | 257 |  | $ | 29 |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 632 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (13) |  |  | $ | 1,670 |
Special Mention | — |  | — |  | 17 |  | 33 |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |
Substandard Accrual | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Non-accrual | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total commercial investor real estate construction | $ | 170 |  | $ | 339 |  | $ | 271 |  | $ | 290 |  | $ | 29 |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 632 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (13) |  |  | $ | 1,720 |
Total investor real estate | $ | 1,448 |  | $ | 1,823 |  | $ | 1,168 |  | $ | 1,290 |  | $ | 503 |  | $ | 211 |  |  | $ | 1,189 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (20) |  |  | $ | 7,612 |
Residential first mortgage:
FICO scores: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Above 720 | $ | 1,309 |  | $ | 4,294 |  | $ | 4,984 |  | $ | 961 |  | $ | 359 |  | $ | 2,683 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,590 |
681-720 | 174 |  | 441 |  | 327 |  | 98 |  | 46 |  | 326 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,412 |
620-680 | 95 |  | 199 |  | 145 |  | 53 |  | 36 |  | 320 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 848 |
Below 620 | 12 |  | 67 |  | 62 |  | 49 |  | 41 |  | 403 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 634 |
Data not available | 16 |  | 47 |  | 46 |  | 19 |  | 5 |  | 103 |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 162 |  |  | 408 |
Total residential first mortgage | $ | 1,606 |  | $ | 5,048 |  | $ | 5,564 |  | $ | 1,180 |  | $ | 487 |  | $ | 3,835 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 162 |  |  | $ | 17,892 |
Home equity lines:
FICO scores: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Above 720 | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,626 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,674 |
681-720 | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 369 |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 379 |
620-680 | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 232 |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | 244 |
Below 620 | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 112 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 119 |
Data not available | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 98 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 134 |
Total home equity lines | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,437 |  |  | $ | 83 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 3,550 |

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| June 30, 2022
Term Loans |  | Revolving Loans |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Amortizing |  | Unallocated (1) |  | Total
Origination Year
2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | Prior
(In millions)
Home equity loans
FICO scores: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Above 720 | $ | 278 |  | $ | 504 |  | $ | 275 |  | $ | 132 |  | $ | 120 |  | $ | 670 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,979 |
681-720 | 50 |  | 71 |  | 31 |  | 18 |  | 18 |  | 81 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 269 |
620-680 | 20 |  | 30 |  | 13 |  | 11 |  | 10 |  | 64 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 148 |
Below 620 | 3 |  | 7 |  | 3 |  | 7 |  | 7 |  | 45 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 72 |
Data not available | 1 |  | 2 |  | 3 |  | 2 |  | 4 |  | 26 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18 |  |  | 56 |
Total home equity loans | $ | 352 |  | $ | 614 |  | $ | 325 |  | $ | 170 |  | $ | 159 |  | $ | 886 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 2,524 |
Consumer credit card:
FICO scores: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Above 720 | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 677 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 677 |
681-720 | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 235 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 235 |
620-680 | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 190 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 190 |
Below 620 | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 77 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 77 |
Data not available | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | (16) |  |  | (7) |
Total consumer credit card | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,188 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (16) |  |  | $ | 1,172 |
Other consumer—exit portfolios
FICO scores: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Above 720 | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 126 |  | $ | 236 |  | $ | 143 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 505 |
681-720 | — |  | — |  | — |  | 37 |  | 53 |  | 33 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 123 |
620-680 | — |  | — |  | — |  | 22 |  | 38 |  | 26 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 86 |
Below 620 | — |  | — |  | — |  | 7 |  | 22 |  | 17 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 46 |
Data not available | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2 |  | 3 |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 15 |
Total Other consumer—exit portfolios | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 194 |  | $ | 352 |  | $ | 224 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 775 |
Other consumer:
FICO scores: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Above 720 | $ | 1,054 |  | $ | 1,388 |  | $ | 624 |  | $ | 393 |  | $ | 162 |  | $ | 108 |  |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,847 |
681-720 | 214 |  | 368 |  | 150 |  | 90 |  | 41 |  | 27 |  |  | 59 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 949 |
620-680 | 133 |  | 220 |  | 96 |  | 54 |  | 26 |  | 20 |  |  | 47 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 596 |
Below 620 | 29 |  | 75 |  | 44 |  | 26 |  | 16 |  | 12 |  |  | 18 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 220 |
Data not available | 80 |  | 29 |  | 6 |  | 140 |  | 80 |  | 6 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 345 |
Total other consumer | $ | 1,510 |  | $ | 2,080 |  | $ | 920 |  | $ | 703 |  | $ | 325 |  | $ | 173 |  |  | $ | 246 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,957 |
Total consumer loans | $ | 3,468 |  | $ | 7,742 |  | $ | 6,809 |  | $ | 2,247 |  | $ | 1,323 |  | $ | 5,118 |  |  | $ | 4,881 |  |  | $ | 83 |  |  | $ | 199 |  |  | $ | 31,870 |
Total Loans | $ | 12,249 |  | $ | 19,937 |  | $ | 13,277 |  | $ | 7,347 |  | $ | 4,182 |  | $ | 10,067 |  |  | $ | 26,091 |  |  | $ | 83 |  |  | $ | 225 |  |  | $ | 93,458 |

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| December 31, 2021
Term Loans |  | Revolving Loans |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Amortizing |  | Unallocated (1) |  | Total
Origination Year
2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | Prior
(In millions)
Commercial and industrial:
Risk Rating: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass(2) | $ | 11,098 |  | $ | 5,231 |  | $ | 3,711 |  | $ | 1,781 |  | $ | 1,625 |  | $ | 2,611 |  |  | $ | 15,794 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (60) |  |  | $ | 41,791 |
Special Mention | 54 |  | 43 |  | 177 |  | 147 |  | 25 |  | 77 |  |  | 383 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 906 |
Substandard Accrual | 83 |  | 76 |  | 57 |  | 90 |  | 17 |  | 12 |  |  | 421 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 756 |
Non-accrual | 70 |  | 22 |  | 45 |  | 9 |  | 11 |  | 15 |  |  | 133 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 305 |
Total commercial and industrial | $ | 11,305 |  | $ | 5,372 |  | $ | 3,990 |  | $ | 2,027 |  | $ | 1,678 |  | $ | 2,715 |  |  | $ | 16,731 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (60) |  |  | $ | 43,758 |
Commercial real estate mortgage—owner-occupied:
Risk Rating: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 1,404 |  | $ | 1,095 |  | $ | 671 |  | $ | 663 |  | $ | 381 |  | $ | 724 |  |  | $ | 122 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (7) |  |  | $ | 5,053 |
Special Mention | 7 |  | 48 |  | 12 |  | 11 |  | 12 |  | 16 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 107 |
Substandard Accrual | 3 |  | 8 |  | 34 |  | 11 |  | 6 |  | 12 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 75 |
Non-accrual | 3 |  | 6 |  | 7 |  | 10 |  | 12 |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 52 |
Total commercial real estate mortgage—owner-occupied: | $ | 1,417 |  | $ | 1,157 |  | $ | 724 |  | $ | 695 |  | $ | 411 |  | $ | 766 |  |  | $ | 124 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (7) |  |  | $ | 5,287 |
Commercial real estate construction—owner-occupied:
Risk Rating: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 68 |  | $ | 61 |  | $ | 24 |  | $ | 30 |  | $ | 20 |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 246 |
Special Mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2 |  | 1 |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Substandard Accrual | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2 |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Non-accrual | 1 |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |
Total commercial real estate construction—owner-occupied: | $ | 69 |  | $ | 62 |  | $ | 24 |  | $ | 34 |  | $ | 22 |  | $ | 52 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 264 |
Total commercial | $ | 12,791 |  | $ | 6,591 |  | $ | 4,738 |  | $ | 2,756 |  | $ | 2,111 |  | $ | 3,533 |  |  | $ | 16,856 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (67) |  |  | $ | 49,309 |
Commercial investor real estate mortgage:
Risk Rating: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 1,783 |  | $ | 808 |  | $ | 900 |  | $ | 580 |  | $ | 144 |  | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | 487 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (4) |  |  | $ | 4,793 |
Special Mention | 23 |  | 84 |  | 223 |  | 21 |  | 1 |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 361 |
Substandard Accrual | 52 |  | 85 |  | 94 |  | 31 |  | 15 |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 284 |
Non-accrual | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Total commercial investor real estate mortgage | $ | 1,858 |  | $ | 977 |  | $ | 1,217 |  | $ | 633 |  | $ | 160 |  | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 494 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (4) |  |  | $ | 5,441 |
Commercial investor real estate construction:
Risk Rating: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 135 |  | $ | 343 |  | $ | 404 |  | $ | 82 |  | $ | 1 |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 593 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (11) |  |  | $ | 1,548 |
Special Mention | — |  | 12 |  | 26 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 38 |
Substandard Accrual | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Non-accrual | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total commercial investor real estate construction | $ | 135 |  | $ | 355 |  | $ | 430 |  | $ | 82 |  | $ | 1 |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 593 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (11) |  |  | $ | 1,586 |
Total investor real estate | $ | 1,993 |  | $ | 1,332 |  | $ | 1,647 |  | $ | 715 |  | $ | 161 |  | $ | 107 |  |  | $ | 1,087 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (15) |  |  | $ | 7,027 |

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Table of Contents

| December 31, 2021
Term Loans |  | Revolving Loans |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Amortizing |  | Unallocated (1) |  | Total
Origination Year
2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | Prior
(In millions)
Residential first mortgage:
FICO scores: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Above 720 | $ | 4,020 |  | $ | 5,280 |  | $ | 1,106 |  | $ | 426 |  | $ | 612 |  | $ | 2,601 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,045 |
681-720 | 449 |  | 366 |  | 108 |  | 57 |  | 69 |  | 353 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,402 |
620-680 | 246 |  | 161 |  | 78 |  | 50 |  | 44 |  | 378 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 957 |
Below 620 | 39 |  | 58 |  | 49 |  | 47 |  | 47 |  | 451 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 691 |
Data not available | 56 |  | 46 |  | 20 |  | 7 |  | 11 |  | 111 |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | 157 |  |  | 417 |
Total residential first mortgage | $ | 4,810 |  | $ | 5,911 |  | $ | 1,361 |  | $ | 587 |  | $ | 783 |  | $ | 3,894 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 157 |  |  | $ | 17,512 |
Home equity lines:
FICO scores: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Above 720 | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,761 |  |  | $ | 49 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,810 |
681-720 | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 380 |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | 392 |
620-680 | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 254 |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | 265 |
Below 620 | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 132 |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 140 |
Data not available | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 105 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 137 |
Total home equity lines | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,632 |  |  | $ | 85 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 3,744 |
Home equity loans
FICO scores: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Above 720 | $ | 544 |  | $ | 320 |  | $ | 155 |  | $ | 144 |  | $ | 217 |  | $ | 588 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,968 |
681-720 | 82 |  | 35 |  | 26 |  | 22 |  | 23 |  | 71 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 259 |
620-680 | 34 |  | 14 |  | 13 |  | 12 |  | 15 |  | 59 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 147 |
Below 620 | 6 |  | 3 |  | 6 |  | 7 |  | 11 |  | 46 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 79 |
Data not available | 2 |  | 3 |  | 3 |  | 4 |  | 5 |  | 22 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18 |  |  | 57 |
Total home equity loans | $ | 668 |  | $ | 375 |  | $ | 203 |  | $ | 189 |  | $ | 271 |  | $ | 786 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 2,510 |
Consumer Credit Card
FICO scores: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Above 720 | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 675 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 675 |
681-720 | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 240 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 240 |
620-680 | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 194 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 194 |
Below 620 | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 81 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 81 |
Data not available | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | (14) |  |  | (6) |
Total consumer credit card | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,198 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (14) |  |  | $ | 1,184 |
Other consumer—exit portfolios
FICO scores: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Above 720 | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 157 |  | $ | 318 |  | $ | 135 |  | $ | 81 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 691 |
681-720 | — |  | — |  | 47 |  | 71 |  | 32 |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 170 |
620-680 | — |  | — |  | 28 |  | 50 |  | 24 |  | 17 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 119 |
Below 620 | — |  | — |  | 10 |  | 31 |  | 16 |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 70 |
Data not available | — |  | — |  | 2 |  | 5 |  | 4 |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 21 |
Total other consumer—exit portfolios | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 244 |  | $ | 475 |  | $ | 211 |  | $ | 134 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 1,071 |

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Table of Contents

| December 31, 2021
Term Loans |  | Revolving Loans |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Amortizing |  | Unallocated (1) |  | Total
Origination Year
2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | Prior
(In millions)
Other consumer:
FICO scores: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Above 720 | $ | 1,555 |  | $ | 844 |  | $ | 543 |  | $ | 222 |  | $ | 66 |  | $ | 76 |  |  | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,422 |
681-720 | 381 |  | 203 |  | 131 |  | 58 |  | 19 |  | 18 |  |  | 56 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 866 |
620-680 | 232 |  | 125 |  | 72 |  | 37 |  | 15 |  | 13 |  |  | 40 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 534 |
Below 620 | 66 |  | 50 |  | 33 |  | 20 |  | 8 |  | 7 |  |  | 17 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 201 |
Data not available | 62 |  | 7 |  | 156 |  | 91 |  | 4 |  | 4 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 78 |  |  | 404 |
Total other consumer | $ | 2,296 |  | $ | 1,229 |  | $ | 935 |  | $ | 428 |  | $ | 112 |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 231 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 5,427 |
Total consumer loans | $ | 7,774 |  | $ | 7,515 |  | $ | 2,743 |  | $ | 1,679 |  | $ | 1,377 |  | $ | 4,932 |  |  | $ | 5,070 |  |  | $ | 85 |  |  | $ | 273 |  |  | $ | 31,448 |
Total Loans | $ | 22,558 |  | $ | 15,438 |  | $ | 9,128 |  | $ | 5,150 |  | $ | 3,649 |  | $ | 8,572 |  |  | $ | 23,013 |  |  | $ | 85 |  |  | $ | 191 |  |  | $ | 87,784 |

_________
(1)These amounts consist of fees that are not allocated at the loan level and loans serviced by third parties wherein Regions does not receive FICO or vintage information.
(2)Commercial and industrial lending includes PPP lending in the 2021 and 2020 vintage years.
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Table of Contents
AGING AND NON-ACCRUAL ANALYSIS
The following tables include an aging analysis of DPD and loans on non-accrual status for each portfolio segment and class as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Loans on non-accrual status with no related allowance are comprised of commercial loans and totaled $156 million and $127 million as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Non–accrual loans with no related allowance typically include loans where the underlying collateral is deemed sufficient to recover all remaining principal. Loans that have been fully charged-off do not appear in the tables below.

| June 30, 2022
| Accrual Loans |  |  |  |  |  |
| 30-59 DPD |  | 60-89 DPD |  | 90+ DPD |  | Total 30+ DPD |  | Total Accrual |  | Non-accrual |  | Total
| (In millions)
Commercial and industrial | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 48,235 |  |  | $ | 257 |  |  | $ | 48,492 |
Commercial real estate mortgage—owner-occupied | 3 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 5,189 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 5,218 |
Commercial real estate construction—owner-occupied | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 256 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 266 |
Total commercial | 30 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 53,680 |  |  | 296 |  |  | 53,976 |
Commercial investor real estate mortgage | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,889 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 5,892 |
Commercial investor real estate construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,720 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,720 |
Total investor real estate | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,609 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 7,612 |
Residential first mortgage | 79 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 191 |  |  | 17,865 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 17,892 |
Home equity lines | 11 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 3,514 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 3,550 |
Home equity loans | 8 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 2,517 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 2,524 |
Consumer credit card | 8 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 1,172 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,172 |
Other consumer—exit portfolios | 7 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 775 |  |  | — |  |  | 775 |
Other consumer | 32 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 5,957 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,957 |
Total consumer | 145 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 341 |  |  | 31,800 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 31,870 |
| $ | 175 |  |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 135 |  |  | $ | 388 |  |  | $ | 93,089 |  |  | $ | 369 |  |  | $ | 93,458 |

| December 31, 2021
| Accrual Loans |  |  |  |  |  |
| 30-59 DPD |  | 60-89 DPD |  | 90+ DPD |  | Total 30+ DPD |  | Total Accrual |  | Non-accrual |  | Total
| (In millions)
Commercial and industrial | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 69 |  |  | $ | 43,453 |  |  | $ | 305 |  |  | $ | 43,758 |
Commercial real estate mortgage—owner-occupied | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 5,235 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 5,287 |
Commercial real estate construction—owner-occupied | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 253 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 264 |
Total commercial | 38 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 74 |  |  | 48,941 |  |  | 368 |  |  | 49,309 |
Commercial investor real estate mortgage | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,438 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 5,441 |
Commercial investor real estate construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,586 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,586 |
Total investor real estate | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,024 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 7,027 |
Residential first mortgage | 73 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 227 |  |  | 17,479 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 17,512 |
Home equity lines | 15 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 3,704 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 3,744 |
Home equity loans | 7 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 2,503 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 2,510 |
Consumer credit card | 9 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 1,184 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,184 |
Other consumer—exit portfolios | 10 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 1,071 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,071 |
Other consumer | 31 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 5,427 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,427 |
Total consumer | 145 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 183 |  |  | 394 |  |  | 31,368 |  |  | 80 |  |  | 31,448 |
| $ | 183 |  |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | 189 |  |  | $ | 468 |  |  | $ | 87,333 |  |  | $ | 451 |  |  | $ | 87,784 |

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TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURINGS
Regions regularly modifies commercial and investor real estate loans in order to facilitate a workout strategy. Similarly, Regions works to meet the individual needs of consumer borrowers to stem foreclosure through its CAP. Refer to Note 1 "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" and Note 5 "Allowance for Credit Losses" in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for additional information regarding the Company's TDRs, including their impact on the allowance and designation of TDRs in periods subsequent to the modification.
As provided initially in the CARES Act and subsequently extended through the Consolidated Appropriations Act, certain loan modifications related to the COVID-19 pandemic beginning March 1, 2020 through January 1, 2022 were eligible for relief from TDR classification. Regions elected this provision of both Acts; therefore, modified loans that met the required guidelines for relief were not considered TDRs and are excluded from the 2021 disclosures below.
The following tables present the end of period balance for loans modified in a TDR during the periods presented by portfolio segment and class, and the financial impact of those modifications. The tables include modifications made to new TDRs, as well as renewals of existing TDRs.

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
|  |  |  |  | Financial Impact of Modifications Considered TDRs
| Number of Obligors |  | Recorded Investment |  | Increase in Allowance at Modification
| (Dollars in millions)
Commercial and industrial | 10 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial real estate mortgage—owner-occupied | 6 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Commercial real estate construction—owner-occupied | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total commercial | 16 |  |  | 24 |  |  | — |
Commercial investor real estate mortgage | 1 |  |  | 27 |  |  | — |
Commercial investor real estate construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total investor real estate | 1 |  |  | 27 |  |  | — |
Residential first mortgage | 368 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 1 |
Home equity lines | 32 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |
Home equity loans | 68 |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |
Consumer credit card | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other consumer—exit portfolios | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other consumer | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total consumer | 470 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 2 |
| 487 |  |  | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 2 |

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| Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
|  |  |  |  | Financial Impact of Modifications Considered TDRs
| Number of Obligors |  | Recorded Investment |  | Increase in Allowance at Modification
| (Dollars in millions)
Commercial and industrial | 15 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial real estate mortgage—owner-occupied | 8 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |
Commercial real estate construction—owner-occupied | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Total commercial | 24 |  |  | 23 |  |  | — |
Commercial investor real estate mortgage | 4 |  |  | 69 |  |  | — |
Commercial investor real estate construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total investor real estate | 4 |  |  | 69 |  |  | — |
Residential first mortgage | 161 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 2 |
Home equity lines | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Home equity loans | 6 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Consumer credit card | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other consumer—exit portfolios | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other consumer | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total consumer | 174 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 2 |
| 202 |  |  | $ | 120 |  |  | $ | 2 |

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| Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
|  |  |  |  | Financial Impact of Modifications Considered TDRs
| Number of Obligors |  | Recorded Investment |  | Increase in Allowance at Modification
| (Dollars in millions)
Commercial and industrial | 20 |  |  | $ | 60 |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial real estate mortgage—owner-occupied | 9 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |
Commercial real estate construction—owner-occupied | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total commercial | 29 |  |  | 63 |  |  | — |
Commercial investor real estate mortgage | 2 |  |  | 35 |  |  | — |
Commercial investor real estate construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total investor real estate | 2 |  |  | 35 |  |  | — |
Residential first mortgage | 725 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 4 |
Home equity lines | 54 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 2 |
Home equity loans | 110 |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |
Consumer credit card | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other consumer-exit portfolios | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other consumer | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total consumer | 895 |  |  | 112 |  |  | 6 |
| 926 |  |  | $ | 210 |  |  | $ | 6 |

| Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
|  |  |  |  | Financial Impact of Modifications Considered TDRs
| Number of Obligors |  | Recorded Investment |  | Increase in Allowance at Modification
| (Dollars in millions)
Commercial and industrial | 41 |  |  | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial real estate mortgage—owner-occupied | 14 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |
Commercial real estate construction—owner-occupied | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Total commercial | 56 |  |  | 54 |  |  | — |
Commercial investor real estate mortgage | 6 |  |  | 76 |  |  | — |
Commercial investor real estate construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total investor real estate | 6 |  |  | 76 |  |  | — |
Residential first mortgage | 336 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 5 |
Home equity lines | 5 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Home equity loans | 7 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Consumer credit card | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other consumer-exit portfolios | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other consumer | 52 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Total consumer | 400 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 5 |
| 462 |  |  | $ | 194 |  |  | $ | 5 |

NOTE 4. SERVICING OF FINANCIAL ASSETS
RESIDENTIAL MORTGAGE BANKING ACTIVITIES
The fair value of residential MSRs is calculated using various assumptions including future cash flows, market discount rates, expected prepayment rates, servicing costs and other factors. A significant change in prepayments of mortgages in the servicing portfolio could result in significant changes in the valuation adjustments, thus creating potential volatility in the carrying amount of residential MSRs. The Company compares fair value estimates and assumptions to observable market data where available, and also considers recent market activity and actual portfolio experience.
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The table below presents an analysis of residential MSRs under the fair value measurement method:

| Three Months Ended June 30 |  | Six Months Ended June 30
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In millions)
Carrying value, beginning of period | $ | 542 |  |  | $ | 401 |  |  | $ | 418 |  |  | $ | 296 |
Additions | 10 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 40 |
Purchases(1) | 181 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 256 |  |  | 37 |
Increase (decrease) in fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due to change in valuation inputs or assumptions | 52 |  |  | (38) |  |  | 99 |  |  | 52 |
Economic amortization associated with borrower repayments(2) | (15) |  |  | (16) |  |  | (32) |  |  | (33) |
Carrying value, end of period | $ | 770 |  |  | $ | 392 |  |  | $ | 770 |  |  | $ | 392 |

________
(1)Purchases of residential MSRs can be structured with cash hold back provisions, therefore the timing of payment may be made in future periods.
(2)Includes both total loan payoffs as well as partial paydowns. Regions' MSR decay methodology is a discounted net cash flow approach.
Data and assumptions used in the fair value calculation, as well as the valuation’s sensitivity to rate fluctuations, related to residential MSRs (excluding related derivative instruments) are as follows:

| June 30
| 2022 |  | 2021
| (Dollars in millions)
Unpaid principal balance | $ | 52,965 |  |  | $ | 35,519 |
Weighted-average CPR (%) | 7.9 | % |  | 10.5 | %
Estimated impact on fair value of a 10% increase | $ | (66) |  |  | $ | (27) |
Estimated impact on fair value of a 20% increase | $ | (107) |  |  | $ | (49) |
Option-adjusted spread (basis points) | 480 |  | 571 |
Estimated impact on fair value of a 10% increase | $ | (17) |  |  | $ | (9) |
Estimated impact on fair value of a 20% increase | $ | (34) |  |  | $ | (19) |
Weighted-average coupon interest rate | 3.4 | % |  | 3.7 | %
Weighted-average remaining maturity (months) | 309 |  | 292
Weighted-average servicing fee (basis points) | 27.1 |  |  | 27.3 |

The sensitivity calculations above are hypothetical and should not be considered to be predictive of future performance. Changes in fair value based on adverse changes in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, the effect of an adverse variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the residential MSRs is calculated without changing any other assumption, while in reality changes in one factor may result in changes in another, which may either magnify or counteract the effect of the change. The derivative instruments utilized by Regions would serve to reduce the estimated impacts to fair value included in the table above.
Servicing related fees, which includes contractually specified servicing fees, late fees and other ancillary income resulting from the servicing of residential mortgage loans totaled $28 million and $25 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively and $55 million and $49 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Residential mortgage loans are sold in the secondary market with standard representations and warranties regarding certain characteristics such as the quality of the loan, the absence of fraud, the eligibility of the loan for sale and the future servicing associated with the loan. Regions may be required to repurchase these loans at par, or make-whole or indemnify the purchasers for losses incurred when representations and warranties are breached.
Regions maintains an immaterial repurchase liability related to residential mortgage loans sold with representations and warranty provisions. This repurchase liability is reported in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and reflects management’s estimate of losses based on historical repurchase and loss trends, as well as other factors that may result in anticipated losses different from historical loss trends. Adjustments to this reserve are recorded in other non-interest expense on the consolidated statements of income.
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COMMERCIAL MORTGAGE BANKING ACTIVITIES
Regions is an approved DUS lender. The DUS program provides liquidity to the multi-family housing market. In connection with the DUS program, Regions services commercial mortgage loans, retains commercial MSRs and intangible assets associated with the DUS license, and assumes a loss share guarantee associated with the loans. See Note 1 "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in the 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information. Also see Note 11 for additional information.
The table below presents an analysis of commercial MSRs under the amortization measurement method:

| Three Months Ended June 30 |  | Six Months Ended June 30
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In millions) |  | (In millions)
Carrying value, beginning of period | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | 86 |  |  | $ | 74 |
Additions | 5 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 19 |
Economic amortization associated with borrower repayments(1) | (5) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (9) |  |  | (7) |
Carrying value, end of period | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | 86 |  |  | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | 86 |

________
(1)Includes both total loan payoffs as well as partial paydowns.
Regions periodically evaluates the commercial MSRs for impairment based on fair value. The estimated fair value of the commercial MSRs was approximately $109 million at June 30, 2022 and $96 million at December 31, 2021.
Servicing related fees, which includes contractually specified servicing fees, late fees and other ancillary income resulting from the servicing of commercial mortgage loans totaled $7 million and $5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively and $14 million and $10 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

NOTE 5. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
PREFERRED STOCK
The following table presents a summary of the non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
| Issuance Date |  | Earliest Redemption Date |  | Dividend Rate (1) |  | Liquidation Amount |  | Liquidation Preference per Share |  | Liquidation preference per Depositary Share |  | Ownership Interest per Depositary Share |  | Carrying Amount |  | Carrying Amount
| (Dollars in millions)
Series B | 4/29/2014 |  | 9/15/2024 |  | 6.375 | % | (2) |  | $ | 500 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 1/40th |  | $ | 433 |  |  | $ | 433 |
Series C | 4/30/2019 |  | 5/15/2029 |  | 5.700 | % | (3) |  | 500 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 1/40th |  | 490 |  |  | 490 |
Series D | 6/5/2020 |  | 9/15/2025 |  | 5.750 | % | (4) |  | 350 |  |  | 100,000 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | 1/100th |  | 346 |  |  | 346 |
Series E | 5/4/2021 |  | 6/15/2026 |  | 4.450 | % |  |  | 400 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 1/40th |  | 390 |  |  | 390 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,750 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,659 |  |  | $ | 1,659 |

_________
(1)Dividends on all series of preferred stock, if declared, accrue and are payable quarterly in arrears.
(2)Dividends, if declared, will be paid quarterly at an annual rate equal to (i) for each period beginning prior to September 15, 2024, 6.375%, and (ii) for each period beginning on or after September 15, 2024, three-month LIBOR plus 3.536%.
(3)Dividends, if declared, will be paid quarterly at an annual rate equal to (i) for each period beginning prior to August 15, 2029, 5.700%, and (ii) for each period beginning on or after August 15, 2029, three-month LIBOR plus 3.148%.
(4)Dividends, if declared, will be paid quarterly at an annual rate equal to (i) for each period beginning prior to September 15, 2025, 5.750%, and (ii) for each period beginning on or after September 15, 2025, the five-year treasury rate as of the most recent reset dividend determination date plus 5.426%.
All series of preferred stock have no stated maturity and redemption is solely at Regions' option, subject to regulatory approval, in whole, or in part, after the earliest redemption date or in whole, but not in part, at any time following a regulatory capital treatment event for the Series B, Series C, Series D, and Series E preferred stock.
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The Board declared a total of $41 million in cash dividends on Series B, Series C and Series D preferred stock during both the first six months of 2022 and 2021. The Board declared cash dividends of $8 million on Series E preferred stock for the first six months of 2022; the initial quarterly dividend on Series E was declared in the third quarter of 2021. Additionally, total cash dividends for the first six months of 2021 includes $16 million in cash dividends on Series A preferred stock, which were fully redeemed during the second quarter of 2021. Therefore, a total of $49 million in cash dividends on total preferred stock was declared in the first six months of 2022 compared to the total of $57 million in cash dividends on total preferred stock for the same period in 2021.
In the event Series B, Series C, Series D or Series E preferred shares are redeemed at the liquidation amounts, $67 million, $10 million, $4 million, or $10 million in excess of the redemption amount over the carrying amount will be recognized, respectively. Approximately $52 million of Series B preferred dividends that were recorded as a reduction of preferred stock, including related surplus, will be recorded as a reduction to common shareholders' equity. The remaining amounts listed represent issuance costs that were recorded as reductions to preferred stock, including related surplus, and will be recorded as reductions to net income available to common shareholders.
COMMON STOCK
As a result of Regions' voluntary participation in 2021 CCAR, effective October 1, 2021, Regions' SCB requirement for the fourth quarter of 2021 through the third quarter of 2022 will be floored at 2.5 percent. On June 27, 2022, Regions announced the Company received the results of the 2022 stress test from the FRB, reflecting that the Company exceeded all minimum capital levels and inclusive of a preliminary SCB floored at 2.5 percent. On August 4, 2022, the FRB finalized Regions’ SCB requirement, and as a result for the fourth quarter of 2022 through the third quarter of 2023 the SCB requirement will continue to be floored at 2.5 percent.
As part of the Company's 2021 capital plan, the Board authorized the repurchase of up to $2.5 billion of the Company's common stock, permitting purchases from the second quarter of 2021 through the first quarter of 2022. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, Regions repurchased approximately 9.1 million shares of common stock at a total cost of $215 million and concluded the plan in the first quarter of 2022. All of these shares were immediately retired upon repurchase and therefore were not included in treasury stock.
On April 20, 2022, the Board authorized the repurchase of up to $2.5 billion of the Company's common stock, permitting purchases from the second quarter of 2022 through the fourth quarter of 2024. As of June 30, 2022, Regions had repurchased approximately 725 thousand shares of common stock at a total cost of $15 million under this plan. All of these shares were immediately retired upon repurchase and therefore were not included in treasury stock.
The Board declared a cash dividend for both the first and second quarter of 2022 for $0.17 per share, totaling $0.34 per common share for the first six months of 2022 as compared to $0.155 per common share for the same periods of 2021, totaling $0.31 for the first six months of 2021.
On July 20, 2022, the Board approved an 18 percent increase to the quarterly common stock dividend to $0.20 which will be payable on October 3, 2022, to stockholders of record as of September 2, 2022.
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ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
The following tables present the balances and activity in AOCI on a pre-tax and net of tax basis for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
| Pre-tax AOCI Activity |  | Tax Effect (1) |  | Net AOCI Activity
| (In millions)
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), beginning of period | $ | (1,629) |  |  | $ | 415 |  |  | $ | (1,214) |
Unrealized losses on securities transferred to held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | (13) |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | (10) |
Reclassification adjustments for amortization of unrealized losses (2) | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Ending balance | $ | (12) |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | (9) |
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | (1,280) |  |  | $ | 326 |  |  | $ | (954) |
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period | (931) |  |  | 237 |  |  | (694) |
Ending balance | $ | (2,211) |  |  | $ | 563 |  |  | $ | (1,648) |
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 303 |  |  | $ | (75) |  |  | $ | 228 |
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on derivatives arising during the period | (143) |  |  | 34 |  |  | (109) |
Reclassification adjustments for (gains) losses realized in net income (2) | (78) |  |  | 20 |  |  | (58) |
Change in AOCI from derivative activity in the period | (221) |  |  | 54 |  |  | (167) |
Ending balance | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | (21) |  |  | $ | 61 |
Defined benefit pension plans and other post employment benefit plans: |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | (639) |  |  | $ | 161 |  |  | $ | (478) |
Reclassification adjustments for amortization of actuarial gains (losses) and settlements realized in net income (4) | 8 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 7 |
Ending balance | $ | (631) |  |  | $ | 160 |  |  | $ | (471) |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | (1,143) |  |  | 290 |  |  | (853) |
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), end of period | $ | (2,772) |  |  | $ | 705 |  |  | $ | (2,067) |

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| Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
| Pre-tax AOCI Activity |  | Tax Effect (1) |  | Net AOCI Activity
| (In millions)
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), beginning of period | $ | 793 |  |  | $ | (201) |  |  | $ | 592 |
Unrealized losses on securities transferred to held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | (18) |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | (14) |
Reclassification adjustments for amortization of unrealized losses (2) | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Ending balance | $ | (17) |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | (13) |
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 513 |  |  | $ | (130) |  |  | $ | 383 |
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period | 94 |  |  | (23) |  |  | 71 |
Reclassification adjustments for securities (gains) losses realized in net income(3) | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |
Change in AOCI from securities available for sale activity in the period | 93 |  |  | (23) |  |  | 70 |
Ending balance | $ | 606 |  |  | $ | (153) |  |  | $ | 453 |
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 1,177 |  |  | $ | (297) |  |  | $ | 880 |
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on derivatives arising during the period | 74 |  |  | (18) |  |  | 56 |
Reclassification adjustments for (gains) losses realized in net income (2) | (104) |  |  | 26 |  |  | (78) |
Change in AOCI from derivative activity in the period | (30) |  |  | 8 |  |  | (22) |
Ending balance | $ | 1,147 |  |  | $ | (289) |  |  | $ | 858 |
Defined benefit pension plans and other post employment benefit plans: |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | (879) |  |  | $ | 222 |  |  | $ | (657) |
Reclassification adjustments for amortization of actuarial gains (losses) and settlements realized in net income (4) | 14 |  |  | (4) |  |  | 10 |
Ending balance | $ | (865) |  |  | $ | 218 |  |  | $ | (647) |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | 78 |  |  | (19) |  |  | 59 |
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), end of period | $ | 871 |  |  | $ | (220) |  |  | $ | 651 |

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| Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
| Pre-tax AOCI Activity |  | Tax Effect (1) |  | Net AOCI Activity
| (In millions)
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), beginning of period | $ | 387 |  |  | $ | (98) |  |  | $ | 289 |
Unrealized losses on securities transferred to held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | (14) |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | (11) |
Reclassification adjustments for amortization of unrealized losses (2) | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Ending balance | $ | (12) |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | (9) |
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 218 |  |  | $ | (55) |  |  | $ | 163 |
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period | (2,429) |  |  | 618 |  |  | (1,811) |
Ending balance | $ | (2,211) |  |  | $ | 563 |  |  | $ | (1,648) |
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 830 |  |  | $ | (209) |  |  | $ | 621 |
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on active hedges arising during the period | (560) |  |  | 140 |  |  | (420) |
Reclassification adjustments for (gains) losses realized in net income (2) | (188) |  |  | 48 |  |  | (140) |
Change in AOCI from derivative activity in the period | (748) |  |  | 188 |  |  | (560) |
Ending balance | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | (21) |  |  | $ | 61 |
Defined benefit pension plans and other post employment benefit plans: |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | (647) |  |  | $ | 163 |  |  | $ | (484) |
Reclassification adjustments for amortization of actuarial gains (losses) and settlements realized in net income (4) | 16 |  |  | (3) |  |  | 13 |
Ending balance | $ | (631) |  |  | $ | 160 |  |  | $ | (471) |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | (3,159) |  |  | 803 |  |  | (2,356) |
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), end of period | $ | (2,772) |  |  | $ | 705 |  |  | $ | (2,067) |

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| Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
| Pre-tax AOCI Activity |  | Tax Effect (1) |  | Net AOCI Activity
| (In millions)
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), beginning of period | $ | 1,759 |  |  | $ | (444) |  |  | $ | 1,315 |
Unrealized losses on securities transferred to held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | (21) |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | (16) |
Reclassification adjustments for amortization of unrealized losses (2) | 4 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 3 |
Ending balance | $ | (17) |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | (13) |
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 1,062 |  |  | $ | (268) |  |  | $ | 794 |
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period | (454) |  |  | 115 |  |  | (339) |
Reclassification adjustments for securities (gains) losses realized in net income(3) | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |
Change in AOCI from securities available for sale activity in the period | (456) |  |  | 115 |  |  | (341) |
Ending balance | $ | 606 |  |  | $ | (153) |  |  | $ | 453 |
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 1,610 |  |  | $ | (406) |  |  | $ | 1,204 |
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on derivatives arising during the period | (257) |  |  | 65 |  |  | (192) |
Reclassification adjustments for (gains) losses realized in net income (2) | (206) |  |  | 52 |  |  | (154) |
Change in AOCI from derivative activity in the period | (463) |  |  | 117 |  |  | (346) |
Ending balance | $ | 1,147 |  |  | $ | (289) |  |  | $ | 858 |
Defined benefit pension plans and other post employment benefit plans: |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | (892) |  |  | $ | 225 |  |  | $ | (667) |
Amounts reclassified for amortization of actuarial gains (losses) and settlements realized in net income (4) | 27 |  |  | (7) |  |  | 20 |
Ending balance | $ | (865) |  |  | $ | 218 |  |  | $ | (647) |
Total other comprehensive income | (888) |  |  | 224 |  |  | (664) |
Total accumulated other comprehensive income, end of period | $ | 871 |  |  | $ | (220) |  |  | $ | 651 |

_________
(1)The impact of all AOCI activity is shown net of the related tax impact, calculated using an effective tax rate of approximately 25%.
(2)Reclassification amount is recognized in net interest income in the consolidated statements of income.
(3)Reclassification amount is recognized in securities gains (losses), net in the consolidated statements of income.
(4)Reclassification amount is recognized in other non-interest expense in the consolidated statements of income. Additionally, these accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) components are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost (see Note 7 for additional details).

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NOTE 6. EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
The following table sets forth the computation of basic earnings per common share and diluted earnings per common share:

| Three Months Ended June 30 |  | Six Months Ended June 30
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In millions, except per share amounts)
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 583 |  |  | $ | 790 |  |  | $ | 1,131 |  |  | $ | 1,432 |
Preferred stock dividends and other (1) | (25) |  |  | (42) |  |  | (49) |  |  | (70) |
Net income available to common shareholders | $ | 558 |  |  | $ | 748 |  |  | $ | 1,082 |  |  | $ | 1,362 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—basic | 934 |  |  | 958 |  |  | 936 |  |  | 959 |
Potential common shares | 6 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 8 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted | 940 |  |  | 965 |  |  | 943 |  |  | 967 |
Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.60 |  |  | $ | 0.78 |  |  | $ | 1.16 |  |  | $ | 1.42 |
Diluted | 0.59 |  |  | 0.77 |  |  | 1.15 |  |  | 1.41 |

_________
(1)Preferred stock dividends and other for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 includes $13 million of issuance costs associated with the redemption of Series A preferred shares.
The effects from the assumed exercise of 6 million and 4 million in restricted stock units and awards and performance stock units for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, were not included in the above computations of diluted earnings per common share because such amounts would have had an antidilutive effect on earnings per common share.
The effects from the assumed exercise of 4 million in restricted stock units and awards and performance stock units for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 were not included in the above computations of diluted earnings per common share because such amounts would have had an antidilutive effect on earnings per common share.
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NOTE 7. PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS
Regions' defined benefit pension plans cover certain employees as the pension plans are closed to new entrants. The Company also sponsors a SERP, which is a non-qualified pension plan that provides certain senior executive officers defined benefits in relation to their compensation.
Net periodic pension cost (credit) includes the following components:

| Qualified Plans |  | Non-qualified Plans |  | Total
| Three Months Ended June 30
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In millions)
Service cost | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 12 |
Interest cost | 14 |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |  |  | 12 |
Expected return on plan assets | (35) |  |  | (36) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (35) |  |  | (36) |
Amortization of actuarial loss | 7 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 14 |
Net periodic pension cost (credit) | $ | (5) |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | (3) |  |  | $ | 2 |

| Qualified Plans |  | Non-qualified Plans |  | Total
| Six Months Ended June 30
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In millions)
Service cost | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 22 |
Interest cost | 28 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 25 |
Expected return on plan assets | (70) |  |  | (71) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (70) |  |  | (71) |
Amortization of actuarial loss | 13 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 27 |
Net periodic pension cost (credit) | $ | (11) |  |  | $ | (5) |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | (6) |  |  | $ | 3 |

The service cost component of net periodic pension cost (credit) is recorded in salaries and employee benefits on the consolidated statements of income. Components other than service cost are recorded in other non-interest expense on the consolidated statements of income.
Regions' funding policy for the qualified plans is to contribute annually at least the amount required by IRS minimum funding standards. Regions made no contributions during the first six months of 2022.
Regions also provides other postretirement benefits, such as defined benefit health care plans and life insurance plans, that cover certain retired employees. There was no material impact from other postretirement benefits on the consolidated financial statements for the six months ended June 30, 2022 or 2021.
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NOTE 8. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
The following tables present the notional amount and estimated fair value of derivative instruments on a gross basis.

| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
| Notional Amount |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Notional Amount |  | Estimated Fair Value
| Gain(1) |  | Loss(1) |  | Gain(1) |  | Loss(1)
| (In millions)
Derivatives in fair value hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps | $ | 7,923 |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 120 |  |  | $ | 7,900 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 32 |
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps(2) | 33,100 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 543 |  |  | 20,650 |  |  | 171 |  |  | 29 |
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments | $ | 41,023 |  |  | $ | 112 |  |  | $ | 663 |  |  | $ | 28,550 |  |  | $ | 171 |  |  | $ | 61 |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps | $ | 83,544 |  |  | $ | 1,378 |  |  | $ | 1,428 |  |  | $ | 81,327 |  |  | $ | 748 |  |  | $ | 794 |
Interest rate options | 17,040 |  |  | 87 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 15,990 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 19 |
Interest rate futures and forward commitments | 1,747 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 2,739 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 3 |
Other contracts | 10,561 |  |  | 301 |  |  | 267 |  |  | 9,456 |  |  | 133 |  |  | 135 |
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | $ | 112,892 |  |  | $ | 1,777 |  |  | $ | 1,763 |  |  | $ | 109,512 |  |  | $ | 940 |  |  | $ | 951 |
Total derivatives | $ | 153,915 |  |  | $ | 1,889 |  |  | $ | 2,426 |  |  | $ | 138,062 |  |  | $ | 1,111 |  |  | $ | 1,012 |
Total gross derivative instruments, before netting |  |  | $ | 1,889 |  |  | $ | 2,426 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,111 |  |  | $ | 1,012 |
Less: Netting adjustments(3) |  |  | 1,680 |  |  | 1,542 |  |  |  |  | 699 |  |  | 932 |
Total gross derivative instruments, after netting |  |  | $ | 209 |  |  | $ | 884 |  |  |  |  | $ | 412 |  |  | $ | 80 |

_________
(1)Derivatives in a gain position are recorded as other assets and derivatives in a loss position are recorded as other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
(2)Includes no accrued interest at June 30, 2022 and $12 million at December 31, 2021.
(3)Netting adjustments represent amounts recorded to convert derivative assets and derivative liabilities from a gross basis to a net basis in accordance with applicable accounting guidance. The net basis takes into account the impact of cash collateral received or posted, legally enforceable master netting agreements, and variation margin that allow Regions to settle derivative contracts with the counterparty on a net basis and to offset the net position with the related cash collateral.
HEDGING DERIVATIVES
Derivatives entered into to manage interest rate risk and facilitate asset/liability management strategies are designated as hedging derivatives. Derivative financial instruments that qualify in a hedging relationship are classified, based on the exposure being hedged, as either fair value hedges or cash flow hedges. See Note 1 "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, for additional information regarding accounting policies for derivatives.
FAIR VALUE HEDGES
Fair value hedge relationships mitigate exposure to the change in fair value of an asset, liability or firm commitment.
Regions enters into interest rate swap agreements to manage interest rate exposure on the Company’s fixed-rate borrowings. These agreements involve the receipt of fixed-rate amounts in exchange for floating-rate interest payments over the life of the agreements. Regions also enters into interest rate swap agreements to manage interest rate exposure on certain of the Company's fixed-rate prepayable and non-prepayable debt securities available for sale. These agreements involve the payment of fixed-rate amounts in exchange for floating-rate interest receipts.
CASH FLOW HEDGES
Cash flow hedge relationships mitigate exposure to the variability of future cash flows or other forecasted transactions.
Regions enters into interest rate swaps, floors, and agreements with a combination of these instruments to manage overall cash flow changes related to interest rate risk exposure on variable rate loans. The agreements effectively modify the Company’s exposure to interest rate risk by utilizing receive fixed/pay LIBOR or SOFR interest rate swaps and interest rate floors. As of June 30, 2022, Regions is hedging its exposure to the variability in future cash flows through 2029.
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The following table presents the pre-tax impact of previously terminated cash flow hedges on AOCI. The balance of terminated cash flow hedges in AOCI will be amortized into earnings through 2026.

| Three Months Ended June 30 |  | Six Months Ended June 30
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In millions)
Unrealized gains on terminated hedges included in AOCI- beginning of period | $ | 624 |  |  | $ | 279 |  |  | $ | 700 |  |  | $ | 121 |
Unrealized gains on terminated hedges arising during the period | — |  |  | 249 |  |  | — |  |  | 415 |
Reclassification adjustments for amortization of unrealized (gains) into net income | (76) |  |  | (34) |  |  | (152) |  |  | (42) |
Unrealized gains on terminated hedges included in AOCI - end of period | $ | 548 |  |  | $ | 494 |  |  | $ | 548 |  |  | $ | 494 |

Regions expects to reclassify into earnings approximately $5 million in pre-tax income due to the net receipt/payment of interest payments and amortization on cash flow hedges within the next twelve months. Included in this amount is $262 million in pre-tax net gains related to the amortization of discontinued cash flow hedges.
The following tables present the effect of hedging derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of income and the total amounts for the respective line items effected:

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
| Interest Income |  | Interest Expense
| Debt Securities |  | Loans, Including Fees |  | Long-term Borrowings
| (In millions)
Total income (expense) presented in the consolidated statements of income | $ | 157 |  |  | $ | 932 |  |  | (27 | )
Gains/(losses) on fair value hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts: |  |  |  |  |
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1) |
Recognized on derivatives | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | (24) |
Recognized on hedged items | (14) |  |  | — |  |  | 24 |
Income (expense) recognized on fair value hedges | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1) |
Gains/(losses) on cash flow hedging relationships:(1) |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts: |  |  |  |  |
Realized gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into net income(2) | $ | — |  |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | — |
Income (expense) recognized on cash flow hedges | $ | — |  |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | — |

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|  |  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
|  |  | Interest Income |  | Interest Expense
|  |  | Loans, Including Fees |  | Long-term Borrowings
|  |  | (In millions)
Total income (expense) presented in the consolidated statements of income |  |  | $ | 849 |  |  | (26 | )
Gains/(losses) on fair value hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts: |  |  |  |  |
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7 |
Recognized on derivatives |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |
Recognized on hedged items |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Income (expense) recognized on fair value hedges |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7 |
Gains/(losses) on cash flow hedging relationships: (1) |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts: |  |  |  |  |
Realized gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into net income(2) |  |  | $ | 104 |  |  | $ | — |
Income (expense) recognized on cash flow hedges |  |  | $ | 104 |  |  | $ | — |

| Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
| Interest Income |  | Interest Expense
| Debt Securities |  | Loans, Including Fees |  | Long-term Borrowings
| (In millions)
Total income (expense) presented in the consolidated statements of income | $ | 295 |  |  | $ | 1,808 |  |  | (51 | )
Gains/(losses) on fair value hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts: |  |  |  |  |
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |
Recognized on derivatives | 36 |  |  | — |  |  | (88) |
Recognized on hedged items | (36) |  |  | — |  |  | 88 |
Income (expense) recognized on fair value hedges | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |
Gains/(losses) on cash flow hedging relationships:(1) |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts: |  |  |  |  |
Realized gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into net income(2) | $ | — |  |  | $ | 188 |  |  | $ | — |
Income (expense) recognized on cash flow hedges | $ | — |  |  | $ | 188 |  |  | $ | — |

|  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
|  |  | Interest Income |  | Interest Expense
|  |  | Loans, Including Fees |  | Long-term Borrowings
|  |  | (In millions)
Total income (expense) presented in the consolidated statements of income |  |  | $ | 1,703 |  |  | (53 | )
Gains/(losses) on fair value hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts: |  |  |  |  |
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14 |
Recognized on derivatives |  |  | — |  |  | (26) |
Recognized on hedged items |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |
Income (expense) recognized on fair value hedges |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14 |
Gains/(losses) on cash flow hedging relationships:(1) |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts: |  |  |  |  |
Realized gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into net income(2) |  |  | $ | 206 |  |  | $ | — |
Income (expense) recognized on cash flow hedges |  |  | $ | 206 |  |  | $ | — |

___
(1)See Note 5 for gain or (loss) recognized for cash flow hedges in AOCI.
(2)Pre-tax.
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The following tables present the carrying amount and associated cumulative basis adjustment related to the application of hedge accounting that is included in the carrying amount of hedged assets and liabilities in fair value hedging relationships.

| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
| Hedged Items Currently Designated |  | Hedged Items Currently Designated
| Carrying Amount of Assets/(Liabilities) |  | Hedge Accounting Basis Adjustment |  | Carrying Amount of Assets/(Liabilities) |  | Hedge Accounting Basis Adjustment
| (In millions)
Debt securities available for sale(1)(2) | $ | 9,076 |  |  | $ | (36) |  |  | $ | 9,901 |  |  | $ | — |
Long-term borrowings | (1,275) |  |  | 122 |  |  | (1,363) |  |  | 34 |

______
(1) Carrying amount represents amortized cost.
(2) In the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company designated interest rate swaps as fair value hedges of debt securities available for sale under the portfolio layer method, which are included in this amount. At both June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had designated $5.8 billion as the hedged amount from a closed portfolio of prepayable financial assets with an associated carrying amount of $8.3 billion at June 30, 2022 and $9.1 billion at December 31, 2021.

DERIVATIVES NOT DESIGNATED AS HEDGING INSTRUMENTS
The Company holds a portfolio of interest rate swaps, option contracts, and futures and forward commitments that result from transactions with its commercial customers in which they manage their risks by entering into a derivative with Regions. The Company monitors and manages the net risk in this customer portfolio and enters into separate derivative contracts in order to reduce the overall exposure to pre-defined limits. For both derivatives with its end customers and derivatives Regions enters into to mitigate the risk in this portfolio, the Company is subject to market risk and the risk that the counterparty will default. The contracts in this portfolio are not designated as accounting hedges and are marked-to-market through earnings (in capital markets fee income) and included in other assets and other liabilities, as appropriate.
Regions enters into interest rate lock commitments, which are commitments to originate mortgage loans whereby the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding and the customers have locked into that interest rate. At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, Regions had $331 million and $419 million, respectively, in total notional amount of interest rate lock commitments. Regions manages market risk on interest rate lock commitments and mortgage loans held for sale with corresponding forward sale commitments. Residential mortgage loans held for sale are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in mortgage income. Commercial mortgage loans held for sale are recorded at either the lower of cost or market or at fair value based on management's election. At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, Regions had $524 million and $987 million, respectively, in total notional amounts related to these forward sale commitments. Changes in mark-to-market from both interest rate lock commitments and corresponding forward sale commitments related to residential mortgage loans are included in mortgage income. Changes in mark-to-market from both interest rate lock commitments and corresponding forward sale commitments related to commercial mortgage loans are included in capital markets income.
Regions has elected to account for residential MSRs at fair value with any changes to fair value recorded in mortgage income. Concurrent with the election to use the fair value measurement method, Regions began using various derivative instruments in the form of forward rate commitments, futures contracts, swaps and swaptions to mitigate the effect of changes in the fair value of its residential MSRs in its consolidated statements of income. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the total notional amount related to these contracts was $3.9 billion and $4.5 billion, respectively.
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The following table presents the location and amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments in the consolidated statements of income for the periods presented below:

| Three Months Ended June 30 |  | Six Months Ended June 30
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In millions)
Capital markets income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | (3) |  |  | $ | 67 |  |  | $ | 20 |
Interest rate options | 5 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 17 |
Interest rate futures and forward commitments | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 12 |
Other contracts | 5 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 7 |
Total capital markets income | 49 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 56 |
Mortgage income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps | (38) |  |  | 29 |  |  | (84) |  |  | (38) |
Interest rate options | 1 |  |  | (2) |  |  | (9) |  |  | (15) |
Interest rate futures and forward commitments | (21) |  |  | (19) |  |  | (5) |  |  | 11 |
Total mortgage income | (58) |  |  | 8 |  |  | (98) |  |  | (42) |
| $ | (9) |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | (8) |  |  | $ | 14 |

CREDIT DERIVATIVES
Regions has both bought and sold credit protection in the form of participations on interest rate swaps (swap participations). These swap participations, which meet the definition of credit derivatives, were entered into in the ordinary course of business to serve the credit needs of customers. Swap participations, whereby Regions has purchased credit protection, entitle Regions to receive a payment from the counterparty if the customer fails to make payment on any amounts due to Regions upon early termination of the swap transaction and have maturities between 2022 and 2029. Swap participations, whereby Regions has sold credit protection have maturities between 2022 and 2038. For contracts where Regions sold credit protection, Regions would be required to make payment to the counterparty if the customer fails to make payment on any amounts due to the counterparty upon early termination of the swap transaction. Regions bases the current status of the prepayment/performance risk on bought and sold credit derivatives on recently issued internal risk ratings consistent with the risk management practices of unfunded commitments.
Regions’ maximum potential amount of future payments under these contracts as of June 30, 2022 was approximately $426 million. This scenario would occur if variable interest rates were at zero percent and all counterparties defaulted with zero recovery. The fair value of sold protection at June 30, 2022 and 2021 was immaterial. In transactions where Regions has sold credit protection, recourse to collateral associated with the original swap transaction is available to offset some or all of Regions’ obligation.
Regions has bought credit protection in the form of credit default indices. These indices, which meet the definition of credit derivatives, were entered into in the ordinary course of business to economically hedge credit spread risk in commercial mortgage loans held for sale whereby the fair value option has been elected. Credit derivatives, whereby Regions has purchased credit protection, entitle Regions to receive a payment from the counterparty if losses on the underlying index exceed a certain threshold, dependent upon the tranche rating of the capital structure.
CONTINGENT FEATURES
Certain of Regions’ derivative instrument contracts with broker-dealers contain credit-related termination provisions and/or credit-related provisions regarding the posting of collateral, allowing those broker-dealers to terminate the contracts in the event that Regions’ and/or Regions Bank’s credit ratings falls below specified ratings from certain major credit rating agencies. The aggregate fair values of all derivative instruments with any credit-risk-related contingent features that were in a liability position on June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, were $99 million and $81 million, respectively, for which Regions had posted collateral of $113 million and $84 million, respectively, in the normal course of business.
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NOTE 9. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
See Note 1 "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" to the consolidated financial statements of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for a description of valuation methodologies for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value rarely transfer between Level 1 and Level 2 measurements. Marketable equity securities and debt securities available for sale may be periodically transferred to or from Level 3 valuation based on management’s conclusion regarding the observability of inputs used in valuing the securities. Such transfers are accounted for as if they occur at the beginning of a reporting period.
The following table presents assets and liabilities measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis:

| June 30, 2022 |  |  | December 31, 2021 |
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3(1) |  | Total Estimated Fair Value |  |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3(1) |  | Total Estimated Fair Value |
| (In millions) |
Recurring fair value measurements |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities | $ | 1,252 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,252 |  |  |  | $ | 1,132 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,132 |  |
Federal agency securities | — |  |  | 683 |  |  | — |  |  | 683 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 92 |  |  | — |  |  | 92 |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |
Mortgage-backed securities (MBS): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential agency | — |  |  | 19,007 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,007 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 18,962 |  |  | — |  |  | 18,962 |  |
Residential non-agency | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |
Commercial agency | — |  |  | 6,607 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,607 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 6,373 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,373 |  |
Commercial non-agency | — |  |  | 315 |  |  | — |  |  | 315 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 536 |  |  | — |  |  | 536 |  |
Corporate and other debt securities | — |  |  | 1,183 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1,184 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 1,380 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1,381 |  |
Total debt securities available for sale | $ | 1,252 |  |  | $ | 27,798 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 29,052 |  |  |  | $ | 1,132 |  |  | $ | 27,347 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 28,481 |  |
Loans held for sale | $ | — |  |  | $ | 312 |  |  | $ | 57 |  |  | $ | 369 |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 693 |  |  | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | 783 |  |
Marketable equity securities | $ | 583 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 583 |  |  |  | $ | 464 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 464 |  |
Residential mortgage servicing rights | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 770 |  |  | $ | 770 |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 418 |  |  | $ | 418 |  |
Derivative assets(2): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,490 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,490 |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 919 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 919 |  |
Interest rate options | — |  |  | 77 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 87 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 36 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 48 |  |
Interest rate futures and forward commitments | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |
Other contracts | — |  |  | 301 |  |  | — |  |  | 301 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 132 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 133 |  |
Total derivative assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,879 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 1,889 |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,098 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 1,111 |  |
Derivative liabilities(2): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,091 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,091 |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 855 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 855 |  |
Interest rate options | — |  |  | 63 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 64 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 19 |  |  | — |  |  | 19 |  |
Interest rate futures and forward commitments | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |
Other contracts | — |  |  | 264 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 267 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 132 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 135 |  |
Total derivative liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,422 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 2,426 |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,009 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 1,012 |  |

_________
(1)All following disclosures related to Level 3 recurring assets do not include those deemed to be immaterial.
(2)As permitted under U.S. GAAP, variation margin collateral payments made or received for derivatives that are centrally cleared are legally characterized as settled. As such, these derivative assets and derivative liabilities and the related variation margin collateral are presented on a net basis on the balance sheet.
Assets and liabilities in all levels could result in volatile and material price fluctuations. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 assets represent only a portion of the risk to market fluctuations in Regions’ consolidated balance sheets. Further, derivatives included in Levels 2 and 3 are used by ALCO in a holistic approach to managing price fluctuation risks.
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The following tables present an analysis for residential MSRs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. An analysis of commercial mortgage loans held for sale is also presented for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022.

| Residential mortgage servicing rights
| Three Months Ended June 30 |  | Six Months Ended June 30
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In millions)
Carrying value, beginning of period | $ | 542 |  |  | $ | 401 |  |  | $ | 418 |  |  | $ | 296 |
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings(1) | 37 |  |  | (54) |  |  | 67 |  |  | 19 |
Additions | 10 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 40 |
Purchases | 181 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 256 |  |  | 37 |
Carrying value, end of period | $ | 770 |  |  | $ | 392 |  |  | $ | 770 |  |  | $ | 392 |

_________
(1)Included in mortgage income. Amounts presented exclude offsetting impact from related derivatives.

| Commercial mortgage loans held for sale
| Three Months Ended June 30 |  | Six Months Ended June 30
| 2022 |  | 2022
| (In millions)
Carrying value, beginning of period | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 90 |
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings(1) | (2) |  |  | (5) |
Additions | 47 |  |  | 97 |
Sales | — |  |  | (125) |
Carrying value, end of period | $ | 57 |  |  | $ | 57 |

_________
(1)Included in capital markets income.
RECURRING FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS USING SIGNIFICANT UNOBSERVABLE INPUTS
Residential mortgage servicing rights
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of residential MSRs are OAS and CPR. This valuation requires generating cash flow projections over multiple interest rate scenarios and discounting those cash flows at a risk-adjusted rate. Additionally, the impact of prepayments and changes in the OAS are based on a variety of underlying inputs including servicing costs. Increases or decreases to the underlying cash flow inputs will have a corresponding impact on the value of the MSR asset. The net change in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings related to MSRs held at period end are disclosed as the changes in valuation inputs or assumptions included in the MSR rollforward table in Note 4.
Commercial mortgage loans held for sale
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of commercial mortgage loans held for sale are credit spreads for bonds in commercial mortgage-backed securitization. Commercial mortgage loans held for sale are valued based on traded market prices for comparable commercial mortgage-backed securitizations, into which the loans will be placed, adjusted for movements of interest rates and credit spreads. Increases or decreases in credit spreads would result in an inverse impact to fair value.
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The following tables present detailed information regarding material assets and liabilities measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) as of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021. The tables include the valuation techniques and the significant unobservable inputs utilized. The range of each significant unobservable input as well as the weighted-average within the range utilized at June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, are included. Following the tables are descriptions of the valuation techniques and the sensitivity of the techniques to changes in the significant unobservable inputs.

| June 30, 2022
| Level 3 Estimated Fair Value at June 30, 2022 |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Input(s) |  | Quantitative Range of Unobservable Inputs and (Weighted-Average)
| (Dollars in millions)
Recurring fair value measurements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage servicing rights(1) | $770 |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Weighted-average CPR (%) |  | 6.2% - 18.1% (7.9%)
|  |  |  |  | OAS (%) |  | 4.4% - 8.2% (4.8%)

_________
(1)See Note 4 for additional disclosures related to assumptions used in the fair value calculation for residential mortgage servicing rights.

| December 31, 2021
| Level 3 Estimated Fair Value at December 31, 2021 |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Input(s) |  | Quantitative Range of Unobservable Inputs and (Weighted-Average)
| (Dollars in millions)
Recurring fair value measurements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage servicing rights(1) | $418 |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Weighted-average CPR (%) |  | 7.2% - 22.2% (10.5%)
|  |  |  |  | OAS (%) |  | 3.7% - 7.7% (4.5%)
Commercial mortgage loans held for sale | $90 |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Credit spreads for bonds in the commercial MBS |  | 0.2% - 19.4% (1.3%)

_________
(1)See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for additional disclosures related to assumptions used in the fair value calculation for residential mortgage servicing rights.
FAIR VALUE OPTION
As discussed above, the Company elected the option to measure certain commercial mortgage loans held for sale at fair value. At June 30, 2022, the balance of these loans was immaterial. At December 31, 2021, commercial mortgage loans held for sale at fair value had both an aggregate fair value and unpaid principal balance of $90 million.
The Company has elected the option to measure certain commercial and industrial loans held for sale at fair value, as these loans are actively traded in the secondary market. The Company is able to obtain fair value estimates for substantially all of these loans through a third party valuation service that is broadly used by market participants. While most of the loans are traded in the market, the volume and level of trading activity is subject to variability and the loans are not exchange-traded. The balance of these loans held for sale was immaterial at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
Regions has elected the fair value option for all eligible agency residential first mortgage loans originated with the intent to sell. This election allows for a more effective offset of the changes in fair values of the loans and the derivative instruments used to economically hedge them without the burden of complying with the requirements for hedge accounting. Fair values of residential first mortgage loans held for sale are based on traded market prices of similar assets where available and/or discounted cash flows at market interest rates, adjusted for securitization activities that include servicing values and market conditions, and are recorded in loans held for sale.
The following table summarizes the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate unpaid principal balance for residential first mortgage loans held for sale measured at fair value:

| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
| Aggregate Fair Value |  | Aggregate Unpaid Principal |  | Aggregate Fair Value Less Aggregate Unpaid Principal |  | Aggregate Fair Value |  | Aggregate Unpaid Principal |  | Aggregate Fair Value Less Aggregate Unpaid Principal
| (In millions)
Residential first mortgage loans held for sale, at fair value | $ | 292 |  |  | $ | 287 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 680 |  |  | $ | 659 |  |  | $ | 21 |

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Interest income on mortgage loans held for sale is recognized based on contractual rates and is reflected in interest income on loans held for sale. The following table details net gains and losses resulting from changes in fair value of residential mortgage loans held for sale, which were recorded in mortgage income in the consolidated statements of income during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. These changes in fair value are mostly offset by economic hedging activities. An immaterial portion of these amounts was attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk.

| Three Months Ended June 30 |  | Six Months Ended June 30
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In millions) |  |  |  |
Net gains (losses) resulting for the change in fair value of residential first mortgage loans held for sale | $ | (16) |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | (39) |  |  | $ | (40) |

NON-RECURRING FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Items measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis include loans held for sale for which the fair value option has not been elected, foreclosed property and other real estate and equity investments without a readily determinable fair value; all of which may be considered either Level 2 or Level 3 valuation measurements. Non-recurring fair value adjustments related to loans held for sale, foreclosed property and other real estate are typically a result of the application of lower of cost or fair value accounting during the period. Non-recurring fair value adjustments related to equity investments without readily determinable fair values are the result of impairments or price changes from observable transactions. The balances of each of these assets, as well as the related fair value adjustments during the periods, were immaterial at both June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The carrying amounts and estimated fair values, as well as the level within the fair value hierarchy, of the Company’s financial instruments as of June 30, 2022 are as follows:

| June 30, 2022
| Carrying Amount |  | Estimated Fair Value(1) |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
| (In millions)
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 20,500 |  |  | $ | 20,500 |  |  | $ | 20,500 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Debt securities held to maturity | 836 |  |  | 817 |  |  | — |  |  | 817 |  |  | — |
Debt securities available for sale | 29,052 |  |  | 29,052 |  |  | 1,252 |  |  | 27,798 |  |  | 2 |
Loans held for sale | 612 |  |  | 612 |  |  | — |  |  | 552 |  |  | 60 |
Loans (excluding leases), net of unearned income and allowance for loan losses(2)(3) | 90,576 |  |  | 86,989 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 86,989 |
Other earning assets | 1,428 |  |  | 1,428 |  |  | 583 |  |  | 845 |  |  | — |
Derivative assets | 1,889 |  |  | 1,889 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,879 |  |  | 10 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative liabilities | 2,426 |  |  | 2,426 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,422 |  |  | 4 |
Deposits(4) | 138,263 |  |  | 138,213 |  |  | — |  |  | 138,213 |  |  | — |
Long-term borrowings | 2,319 |  |  | 2,462 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,460 |  |  | 2 |
Loan commitments and letters of credit | 119 |  |  | 119 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 119 |

_________
(1)Estimated fair values are consistent with an exit price concept. The assumptions used to estimate the fair values are intended to approximate those that a market participant would use in a hypothetical orderly transaction. In estimating fair value, the Company makes adjustments for estimated changes in interest rates, market liquidity and credit spreads in the periods they are deemed to have occurred.
(2)The estimated fair value of portfolio loans assumes sale of the loans to a third-party financial investor. Accordingly, the value to the Company if the loans were held to maturity is not reflected in the fair value estimate. The fair value discount on the loan portfolio's net carrying amount at June 30, 2022 was $3.6 billion or 4.0 percent.
(3)Excluded from this table is the sales-type, direct financing, and leveraged lease carrying amount of $1.5 billion at June 30, 2022.
(4)The fair value of non-interest-bearing demand accounts, interest-bearing checking accounts, savings accounts, money market accounts and certain other time deposit accounts is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., the carrying amount). Fair values for certificates of deposit are estimated by using discounted cash flow analyses, based on market spreads to benchmark rates.
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The carrying amounts and estimated fair values, as well as the level within the fair value hierarchy, of the Company's financial instruments as of December 31, 2021 are as follows:

| December 31, 2021
| Carrying Amount |  | Estimated Fair Value(1) |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
| (In millions)
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 29,411 |  |  | $ | 29,411 |  |  | $ | 29,411 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Debt securities held to maturity | 899 |  |  | 950 |  |  | — |  |  | 950 |  |  | — |
Debt securities available for sale | 28,481 |  |  | 28,481 |  |  | 1,132 |  |  | 27,347 |  |  | 2 |
Loans held for sale | 1,003 |  |  | 1,003 |  |  | — |  |  | 899 |  |  | 104 |
Loans (excluding leases), net of unearned income and allowance for loan losses(2)(3) | 84,866 |  |  | 85,086 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 85,086 |
Other earning assets(4) | 1,104 |  |  | 1,104 |  |  | 464 |  |  | 640 |  |  | — |
Derivative assets | 1,111 |  |  | 1,111 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,098 |  |  | 13 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative liabilities | 1,012 |  |  | 1,012 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,009 |  |  | 3 |
Deposits(5) | 139,072 |  |  | 139,101 |  |  | — |  |  | 139,101 |  |  | — |
Long-term borrowings | 2,407 |  |  | 2,847 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,845 |  |  | 2 |
Loan commitments and letters of credit | 123 |  |  | 123 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 123 |

_________
(1)Estimated fair values are consistent with an exit price concept. The assumptions used to estimate the fair values are intended to approximate those that a market participant would use in a hypothetical orderly transaction. In estimating fair value, the Company makes adjustments for estimated changes in interest rates, market liquidity and credit spreads in the periods they are deemed to have occurred.
(2)The estimated fair value of portfolio loans assumes sale of the loans to a third-party financial investor. Accordingly, the value to the Company if the loans were held to maturity is not reflected in the fair value estimate. The fair value premium on the loan portfolio's net carrying amount at December 31, 2021 was $220 million or 0.3 percent.
(3)Excluded from this table is the sales-type, direct financing, and leveraged lease carrying amount of $1.4 billion at December 31, 2021.
(4)Excluded from this table is the operating lease carrying amount of $83 million at December 31, 2021.
(5)The fair value of non-interest-bearing demand accounts, interest-bearing checking accounts, savings accounts, money market accounts and certain other time deposit accounts is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., the carrying amount). Fair values for certificates of deposit are estimated by using discounted cash flow analyses, based on market spreads to benchmark rates.
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NOTE 10. BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION
Each of Regions’ reportable segments is a strategic business unit that serves specific needs of Regions’ customers based on the products and services provided. The segments are based on the manner in which management views the financial performance of the business. The Company has three reportable segments: Corporate Bank, Consumer Bank, and Wealth Management, with the remainder in Other. Additional information about the Company's reportable segments is included in Regions' Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
The application and development of management reporting methodologies is a dynamic process and is subject to periodic enhancements. As these enhancements are made, financial results presented by each reportable segment may be periodically revised. Accordingly, the prior period was updated to reflect these enhancements.
The following tables present financial information for each reportable segment for the period indicated.

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
| Corporate Bank |  | Consumer Bank |  | Wealth Management |  | Other |  |  |  |  |  | Consolidated
| (In millions)
Net interest income | $ | 467 |  |  | $ | 600 |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,108 |
Provision for (benefit from) credit losses | 67 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (78) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 60 |
Non-interest income (loss) | 235 |  |  | 311 |  |  | 105 |  |  | (11) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 640 |
Non-interest expense (benefit) | 286 |  |  | 567 |  |  | 100 |  |  | (5) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 948 |
Income before income taxes | 349 |  |  | 275 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 72 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 740 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | 87 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 11 |  |  | (10) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 157 |
Net income | $ | 262 |  |  | $ | 206 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 82 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 583 |
Average assets | $ | 63,311 |  |  | $ | 36,266 |  |  | $ | 2,167 |  |  | $ | 60,082 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 161,826 |

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
| Corporate Bank |  | Consumer Bank |  | Wealth Management |  | Other |  |  |  |  |  | Consolidated
| (In millions)
Net interest income | $ | 441 |  |  | $ | 488 |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 963 |
Provision for (benefit from) credit losses | 75 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (474) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (337) |
Non-interest income | 164 |  |  | 314 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 41 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 619 |
Non-interest expense | 260 |  |  | 533 |  |  | 94 |  |  | 11 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 898 |
Income before income taxes | 270 |  |  | 210 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 504 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,021 |
Income tax expense | 68 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 101 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 231 |
Net income | $ | 202 |  |  | $ | 157 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 403 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 790 |
Average assets | $ | 59,843 |  |  | $ | 33,433 |  |  | $ | 2,036 |  |  | $ | 59,366 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 154,678 |

| Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
| Corporate Bank |  | Consumer Bank |  | Wealth Management |  | Other |  |  |  |  |  | Consolidated
| (In millions)
Net interest income | $ | 899 |  |  | $ | 1,147 |  |  | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,123 |
Provision for (benefit from) credit losses | 135 |  |  | 140 |  |  | 5 |  |  | (256) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 24 |
Non-interest income (loss) | 419 |  |  | 615 |  |  | 207 |  |  | (17) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,224 |
Non-interest expense (benefit) | 564 |  |  | 1,124 |  |  | 197 |  |  | (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,881 |
Income before income taxes | 619 |  |  | 498 |  |  | 82 |  |  | 243 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,442 |
Income tax expense | 155 |  |  | 124 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 12 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 311 |
Net income | 464 |  |  | 374 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 231 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,131 |
Average assets | $ | 61,810 |  |  | $ | 36,265 |  |  | $ | 2,153 |  |  | $ | 61,550 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 161,778 |

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| Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
| Corporate Bank |  | Consumer Bank |  | Wealth Management |  | Other |  |  |  |  |  | Consolidated
| (In millions)
Net interest income | $ | 875 |  |  | $ | 987 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,930 |
Provision for (benefit from) credit losses | 150 |  |  | 124 |  |  | 5 |  |  | (758) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (479) |
Non-interest income | 357 |  |  | 645 |  |  | 192 |  |  | 66 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,260 |
Non-interest expense | 530 |  |  | 1,066 |  |  | 186 |  |  | 44 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,826 |
Income before income taxes | 552 |  |  | 442 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 780 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,843 |
Income tax expense | 138 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 145 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 411 |
Net income | 414 |  |  | 331 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 635 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,432 |
Average assets | $ | 59,657 |  |  | $ | 33,749 |  |  | $ | 2,041 |  |  | $ | 55,191 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 150,638 |

NOTE 11. COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND GUARANTEES
COMMERCIAL COMMITMENTS
Regions issues off-balance sheet financial instruments in connection with lending activities. The credit risk associated with these instruments is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers and is subject to Regions’ normal credit approval policies and procedures. Regions measures inherent risk associated with these instruments by recording a reserve for unfunded commitments based on an assessment of the likelihood that the guarantee will be funded and the creditworthiness of the customer or counterparty. Collateral is obtained based on management’s assessment of the creditworthiness of the customer. Credit risk is represented in unused commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit and commercial letters of credit. Refer to Note 23 "Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees" in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for more information regarding these instruments.
Credit risk associated with these instruments is represented by the contractual amounts indicated in the following table:

| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
| (In millions)
Unused commitments to extend credit | $ | 64,688 |  |  | $ | 60,935 |
Standby letters of credit | 1,862 |  |  | 1,779 |
Commercial letters of credit | 54 |  |  | 97 |
Liabilities associated with standby letters of credit | 30 |  |  | 28 |
Assets associated with standby letters of credit | 31 |  |  | 29 |
Reserve for unfunded credit commitments | 89 |  |  | 95 |

LEGAL CONTINGENCIES
Regions and its subsidiaries are subject to loss contingencies related to litigation, claims, investigations and legal and administrative cases and proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Regions evaluates these contingencies based on information currently available, including advice of counsel. Regions establishes accruals for those matters when a loss contingency is considered probable and the related amount is reasonably estimable. Any accruals are periodically reviewed and may be adjusted as circumstances change. Some of Regions' exposure with respect to loss contingencies may be offset by applicable insurance coverage. In determining the amounts of any accruals or estimates of possible loss contingencies however, Regions does not take into account the availability of insurance coverage. To the extent that Regions has an insurance recovery, the proceeds are recorded in the period the recovery is received.
When it is practicable, Regions estimates possible loss contingencies, whether or not there is an accrued probable loss. When Regions is able to estimate such possible losses, and when it is reasonably possible that Regions could incur losses in excess of amounts accrued, Regions discloses the aggregate estimation of such possible losses. Regions currently estimates that it is reasonably possible that it may experience losses in excess of what Regions has accrued in an aggregate amount of up to approximately $20 million as of June 30, 2022, with it also being reasonably possible that Regions could incur no losses in excess of amounts accrued. See related discussion with respect to the CFPB matter described below. As available information changes, the matters for which Regions is able to estimate, as well as the estimates themselves will be adjusted accordingly.
Assessments of litigation and claims exposure are difficult because they involve inherently unpredictable factors including, but not limited to, the following: whether the proceeding is in the early stages; whether damages are unspecified, unsupported, or uncertain; whether there is a potential for punitive or other pecuniary damages; whether the matter involves
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legal uncertainties, including novel issues of law; whether the matter involves multiple parties and/or jurisdictions; whether discovery has begun or is not complete; whether meaningful settlement discussions have commenced; and whether the lawsuit involves class allegations. Assessments of class action litigation, which is generally more complex than other types of litigation, are particularly difficult, especially in the early stages of the proceeding when it is not known whether a class will be certified or how a potential class, if certified, will be defined. As a result, Regions may be unable to estimate reasonably possible losses with respect to some matters, and the aggregated estimated amount discussed above may not include an estimate for every pending matter.
Regions is involved in formal and informal information-gathering requests, investigations, reviews, examinations and proceedings by various governmental regulatory agencies, law enforcement authorities and self-regulatory bodies regarding Regions’ business, Regions' business practices and policies, and the conduct of persons with whom Regions does business.
As previously disclosed, Regions is cooperating with an investigation by the CFPB into certain of Regions’ historical overdraft practices and policies. While Regions believes that its practices and policies at issue are lawful, Regions has commenced discussions with the CFPB regarding a potential resolution of the investigation. Regions cannot provide assurance that these discussions will result in a resolution or that the CFPB will not ultimately commence legal proceedings seeking civil monetary penalties, restitution or other relief. Although Regions continues to believe that a loss in excess of amounts accrued for this matter is reasonably possible, the total amount of such possible loss or range of possible loss cannot currently be estimated. However, any possible loss, whether a result of a resolution directly with the CFPB or legal proceedings, could be material to Regions’ results of operations.
Additional inquiries from such governmental regulatory agencies, law enforcement authorities and self-regulatory bodies will arise from time to time. In connection with those inquiries, Regions receives document requests, subpoenas and other requests for information. The inquiries could develop into administrative, civil or criminal proceedings or enforcement actions that could result in consequences that have a material effect on Regions' business, consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows as a whole. Such consequences could include adverse judgments, findings, settlements, penalties, fines, orders, injunctions, restitution, or alterations in our business practices, and could result in additional expenses and collateral costs, including reputational damage.
While the final outcomes of litigation, claims, investigations and legal and administrative cases and proceedings are inherently unpredictable, management is currently of the opinion that the outcomes of pending and threatened matters will not have a material effect on Regions’ business, consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows as a whole. However, in the event of unexpected future developments, it is reasonably possible that an adverse outcome in any such matter could be material to Regions’ business, consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows as a whole for any particular reporting period of occurrence.
GUARANTEES
FANNIE MAE LOSS SHARE GUARANTEE
Regions sells commercial loans to Fannie Mae through the DUS lending program and through other platforms. The DUS program provides liquidity to the multi-family housing market. Regions services loans sold to Fannie Mae and is required to provide a loss share guarantee equal to one-third of the principal balance for the majority of the commercial servicing portfolio. At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company's DUS servicing portfolio totaled approximately $4.8 billion and $4.7 billion, respectively. Regions has additional loans sold to Fannie Mae outside of the DUS program that are also subject to a loss share guarantee and at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 these serviced loans totaled approximately $491 million and $400 million, respectively. Regions' maximum quantifiable contingent liability related to all loans subject to a loss share guarantee was approximately $1.7 billion at both June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The Company would be liable for this amount only if all of the loans it services for Fannie Mae, for which the Company retains some risk of loss, were to default and all of the collateral underlying these loans was determined to be without value at the time of settlement. Therefore, the maximum quantifiable contingent liability is not representative of the actual loss the Company would be expected to incur. The estimated fair value of the associated loss share guarantee recorded as a liability on the Company's consolidated balance sheets was approximately $7 million at both June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Refer to Note 1 "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, for additional information.
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NOTE 12. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Standard | Description | Required Date of Adoption | Effect on Regions' financial statements or other significant matters
Standards Adopted (or partially adopted) in 2022
ASU 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging— Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) | This Update simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing certain separation models. Additionally, it revises and clarifies guidance on the derivatives scope exception to make the exception easier to apply. | January 1, 2022 | The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact.
ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt—Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) | This Update clarifies how an issuer should account for modifications made to equity-classified written call options (i.e. a warrant to purchase the issuer’s common stock). The guidance in the Update requires the issuer to treat a modification of an equity-classified warrant that does not cause the warrant to become liability-classified as an exchange of the original warrant for a new warrant. This guidance applies whether the modification is structured as an amendment to the terms and conditions of the warrant or as termination of the original warrant and issuance of a new warrant. | January 1, 2022 | The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact.
ASU 2021-05 Leases (Topic 842): Lessors—Certain Leases with Variable Lease Payments | This Update amends the lessor lease classification guidance under ASC 842. Under the amendments, a lessor must classify a lease that includes variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or rate as an operating lease if it would otherwise be classified as a sales-type or direct financing lease and would result in the recognition of a loss at a lease commencement. The amendments address concerns raised during the FASB’s post implementation review regarding recognition of an immediate loss for these leases, as would otherwise be required. | January 1, 2022 | The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact.

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Standard | Description | Required Date of Adoption | Effect on Regions' financial statements or other significant matters
Standards Adopted (or partially adopted) in 2022
ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers | The amendments in this Update require that an entity (acquirer) recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, rather than using fair value. At the acquisition date, an acquirer should account for the related revenue contracts in accordance with Topic 606 as if it had originated the contracts. | January 1, 2023 Early adoption is permitted. | The early adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact.
ASU 2022-01—Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Fair Value Hedging—Portfolio Layer Method | This Update represents the final amended guidance to the ‘last-of-layer’ hedge model for fair value hedge relationships. The last-of-layer method allowed for essentially a single hedge for a given portfolio of only prepayable assets. The ‘portfolio layer’ method will make the hedging asset side of the balance sheet easier as it allows for more flexibility in the use of derivatives and structures that best align with management's objectives for hedging purposes. Multiple hedged layers are permitted in fair value hedge relationships for a closed portfolio of financial assets. Both prepayable and non-prepayable financial instruments may be used and included. The Update permits reclassification of debt securities from held-to-maturity to available-for-sale upon adoption with restrictions. Portfolio layer method hedging must be applied to those debt securities. Also, the decision to reclassify must be within 30 days after the date of adoption, and securities would need to be included in a closed portfolio that is designed in a portfolio layer method hedge within that 30-day period. | January 1, 2023 Early adoption is permitted. | The early adoption of this guidance on June 30, 2022 did not have a material impact.

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Standard | Description | Required Date of Adoption | Effect on Regions' financial statements or other significant matters
Standards Not Yet Adopted
ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures | This Update is intended to improve the decision usefulness of information provided to investors about certain loan refinancings, restructurings, and write-offs. The amendments in the Update eliminate the accounting guidance for TDRs by creditors that have adopted CECL while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The Update also requires that a public business entity disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investment in leases. The amendments in this Update should be applied prospectively, except for the transition method related to the recognition and measurement of TDRs for which there is an option to apply a modified retrospective transition method, resulting in a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings in the period of adoption. | January 1, 2023 Early adoption is permitted for those entities that have adopted CECL. | Regions is evaluating the impact upon adoption; however, the impact is not expected to be material.
2022-03, Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions | This Update clarifies how the fair value of equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions is determined. ASU 2022-03 clarifies that a contractual sale restriction should not be considered in measuring fair value. It also requires entities with investments in equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions to disclose certain qualitative and quantitative information about such securities. | January 1, 2023 Early adoption is permitted. | Regions is evaluating the impact upon adoption; however, the impact is not expected to be material.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
INTRODUCTION
The following discussion and analysis is part of Regions Financial Corporation’s (“Regions” or the “Company”) Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC and updates Regions’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, which was previously filed with the SEC. This financial information is presented to aid in understanding Regions’ financial position and results of operations and should be read together with the financial information contained in Regions’ Annual Report on Form 10-K. See Note 1 "Basis of Presentation" and Note 12 "Recent Accounting Pronouncements" to the consolidated financial statements for further detail. The emphasis of this discussion will be on the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 for the consolidated statements of income. For the consolidated balance sheets, the emphasis of this discussion will be the balances as of June 30, 2022 compared to December 31, 2021.
This discussion and analysis contains statements that may be considered “forward-looking statements” as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. See pages 6 through 8 for additional information regarding forward-looking statements.
CORPORATE PROFILE
Regions is a financial holding company headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama, that operates in the South, Midwest and Texas. In addition, Regions operates several offices delivering specialty capabilities in New York, Washington D.C., Chicago and other locations nationwide. Regions provides financial solutions for a wide range of clients including retail and mortgage banking services, commercial banking services and wealth and investment services. Further, Regions and its subsidiaries deliver specialty capabilities including merger and acquisition advisory services, capital market solutions, home improvement lending and others.
Regions conducts its banking operations through Regions Bank, an Alabama state-chartered commercial bank that is a member of the Federal Reserve System. At June 30, 2022, Regions operated 1,294 total branch outlets. Regions carries out its strategies and derives its profitability from three reportable business segments: Corporate Bank, Consumer Bank, and Wealth Management, with the remainder in Other. See Note 10 "Business Segment Information" to the consolidated financial statements for more information regarding Regions’ segment reporting structure.
Regions’ business strategy is focused on providing a competitive mix of products and services, delivering quality customer service, and continuing to develop and optimize distribution channels that include a branch distribution network with offices in convenient locations, as well as electronic and mobile banking.
Regions’ profitability, like that of many other financial institutions, is dependent on its ability to generate revenue from net interest income as well as non-interest income sources. Net interest income is primarily the difference between the interest income Regions receives on interest-earning assets, such as loans and securities, and the interest expense Regions pays on interest-bearing liabilities, principally deposits and borrowings. Regions’ net interest income is impacted by the size and mix of its balance sheet components and the interest rate spread between interest earned on its assets and interest paid on its liabilities. Non-interest income includes fees from service charges on deposit accounts, card and ATM fees, mortgage servicing and secondary marketing, investment management and trust activities, capital markets and other customer services which Regions provides. Results of operations are also affected by the provision for credit losses and non-interest expenses such as salaries and employee benefits, occupancy, professional, legal and regulatory expenses, FDIC insurance assessments, and other operating expenses, as well as income taxes.
Economic conditions, competition, new legislation and related rules impacting regulation of the financial services industry and the monetary and fiscal policies of the Federal government significantly affect most, if not all, financial institutions, including Regions. Lending and deposit activities and fee income generation are influenced by levels of business spending and investment, consumer income, consumer spending and savings, capital market activities, and competition among financial institutions, as well as customer preferences, interest rate conditions and prevailing market rates on competing products in Regions’ market areas.
On December 17, 2021, Regions entered into an agreement to acquire Clearsight Advisors, Inc., a leading-edge mergers and acquisitions firm headquartered in McLean, Virginia. The transaction closed on December 31, 2021.
On October 4, 2021, Regions entered into an agreement to acquire Sabal Capital Partners, LLC, a diversified financial services firm that facilitates lending in the small-balance commercial real estate market headquartered in Irvine, California. The transaction closed on December 1, 2021. Refer to the "Acquisitions" section for more detail.
On June 8, 2021, Regions entered into an agreement to acquire EnerBank, a consumer lending institution specializing in home improvement lending headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah. The transaction closed on October 1, 2021, and resulted in the addition of approximately $3.1 billion in loans to consumers. Refer to the "Acquisitions" section for more detail.
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SECOND QUARTER OVERVIEW
Second Quarter Results
Regions reported net income available to common shareholders of $558 million, or $0.59 per diluted share, in the second quarter of 2022 compared to $748 million, or $0.77 per diluted share, in the second quarter of 2021. The primary drivers of the decrease in net income from the prior year period were a provision for credit losses compared to a benefit from credit losses in the prior period partially offset by higher net interest income.
For the second quarter of 2022, net interest income (taxable-equivalent basis) totaled $1.1 billion, up $144 million compared to the second quarter of 2021. The net interest margin (taxable-equivalent basis) was 3.06 percent for the second quarter of 2022 and 2.81 percent in the second quarter of 2021. The increase in net interest income and net interest margin was primarily driven by higher interest rates combined with increases in average loan balances and average debt securities balances. Even though interest rates increased in the second quarter of 2022, funding costs remained low. In the second quarter of 2022, net interest margin continued to be negatively impacted by elevated liquidity. Refer to Table 18 "Consolidated Average Daily Balances and Yield/Rate Analysis" for further details.
The provision for credit losses totaled $60 million in the second quarter of 2022, as compared to a benefit of $337 million during the second quarter of 2021. The current quarter provision reflects continued strong asset quality offset by strong loan growth and general economic uncertainty. Refer to the "Allowance for Credit Losses" section for further detail.
Net charge-offs totaled $38 million, or an annualized 0.17 percent of average loans, in the second quarter of 2022, compared to $47 million, or an annualized 0.23 percent for the second quarter of 2021. The decrease was primarily driven by broad-based improvements across most portfolios. Refer to the "Allowance for Credit Losses" section for further detail.
The allowance was 1.62 percent of total loans, net of unearned income at June 30, 2022 compared to 1.79 percent at December 31, 2021. The decrease was a result of the factors discussed above. The allowance was 410 percent of total non-performing loans at June 30, 2022 compared to 349 percent at December 31, 2021. Refer to the "Allowance for Credit Losses" section for further detail.
Non-interest income was $640 million for the second quarter of 2022, a $21 million increase from the second quarter of 2021. The increase was primarily driven by a significant increase in capital markets income, and, to a lesser degree, an increase in card and ATM fees and other miscellaneous income. These increases were partially offset by decreases in market value adjustments on employee benefit assets, bank-owned life insurance, and mortgage income. See Table 22 "Non-Interest Income" for more detail.
Total non-interest expense was $948 million in the second quarter of 2022, a $50 million increase from the second quarter of 2021. The increase was driven by an increase in salaries and employee benefits, equipment and software expense, and professional, legal and regulatory expenses. The increases were partially offset by a benefit from branch consolidation, property and equipment and a decline in marketing expense. See Table 23 "Non-Interest Expense" for more detail.
Income tax expense for the three months ended June 30, 2022 was $157 million compared to $231 million for the same period in 2021. See "Income Taxes" toward the end of the Management’s Discussion and Analysis section of this report for more detail.
Capital
Regions and Regions Bank are required to comply with regulatory capital requirements established by Federal and State banking agencies, which include quantitative requirements including the CET1 ratio. The CET1 ratio at June 30, 2022 was estimated at 9.25 percent. For additional information on Regions' regulatory capital requirements see the "Regulatory Requirements" section.
In the second quarter of 2021, as a part of the Company's voluntary participation in 2021 CCAR, the FRB communicated that the Company exceeded all minimum capital levels under the supervisory stress test and the Company's SCB for the fourth quarter of 2021 through the third quarter of 2022 will be floored at 2.5 percent. On June 27, 2022, Regions announced the Company received the results of the 2022 stress test from the FRB, reflecting that the Company exceeded all minimum capital levels and inclusive of a preliminary SCB floored at 2.5 percent. On August 4, 2022, the FRB finalized Regions’ SCB requirement, and as a result for the fourth quarter of 2022 through the third quarter of 2023 the SCB requirement will continue to be floored at 2.5 percent.
The Board authorized, on April 20, 2022, the repurchase of up to $2.5 billion of the Company's common stock, permitting purchases from the second quarter of 2022 through the fourth quarter of 2024.
On July 20, 2022, the Board approved an 18 percent increase to the quarterly common stock dividend to $0.20 per share of common stock which will be payable on October 3, 2022, to stockholders of record as of September 2, 2022.
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Expectations

2022 Expectations
Category |  | Expectation
Total Adjusted Revenue (1) |  | Up 7.5-8.5%
Adjusted Non-Interest Expense |  | Up 4.5-5.5%
Adjusted Operating Leverage |  | ~3%
Average Loans |  | Up ~8%
Net Charge-Offs / Average Loans |  | Toward the lower end of 20-30 bps
Effective Tax Rate |  | 21-23%
CET1 |  | Near the mid-point of a 9.25-9.75% operating range

_____
(1)Expectation utilizes the 7/1/2022 forward interest rate curve.
Regions believes that expressing certain expectations as non-GAAP measures will assist investors in analyzing the operating results of the Company and predicting future performance on the same basis as that applied by management. The reconciliation with respect to these forward-looking non-GAAP measures is expected to be consistent with the actual non-GAAP reconciliations within Management's Discussion and Analysis of this Form 10-Q.
BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS
The following sections provide expanded discussion of significant changes in certain line items in asset, liability, and shareholders' equity categories.
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Cash and cash equivalents decreased approximately $8.9 billion from year-end 2021 to June 30, 2022, due primarily to a decrease in cash on deposit with the FRB partially offset by an increase in cash due from other banks. In the first six months of 2022, the Company used cash balances for securities purchases, as a part of its hedging and active cash management strategies, and to fund loan growth. Also contributing to the decline in cash balances is a decline in deposits in the first six months of 2022. See the "Debt Securities", "Loans", "Liquidity", and "Deposits" sections for more information.
DEBT SECURITIES
The following table details the carrying values of debt securities, including both available for sale and held to maturity:
Table 1—Debt Securities

| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |  |  |
| (In millions) |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities | $ | 1,252 |  |  | $ | 1,132 |  |  |  |
Federal agency securities | 683 |  |  | 92 |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 3 |  |  | 4 |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential agency | 19,312 |  |  | 19,319 |  |  |  |
Residential non-agency | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |
Commercial agency | 7,138 |  |  | 6,915 |  |  |  |
Commercial non-agency | 315 |  |  | 536 |  |  |  |
Corporate and other debt securities | 1,184 |  |  | 1,381 |  |  |  |
| $ | 29,888 |  |  | $ | 29,380 |  |  |  |

Debt securities available for sale, which constitute the majority of the securities portfolio, are an important tool used to manage interest rate sensitivity and provide a primary source of liquidity for the Company. Regions maintains a highly rated securities portfolio consisting primarily of agency mortgage-backed securities. See Note 2 "Debt Securities" to the consolidated financial statements for additional information. Also see the "Market Risk-Interest Rate Risk" and "Liquidity" sections for more information.
Debt securities increased $508 million from December 31, 2021 to June 30, 2022 driven by increases in U.S Treasury, federal agency securities, and commercial agency securities partially offset by declines in commercial non-agency, corporate and other debt securities and residential agency. In the first six months of 2022, Regions made purchases of debt securities available for sale, excluding normal reinvestment of maturities and paydowns, totaling approximately $2.8 billion consisting
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primarily of U.S. Treasury, federal agency, residential agency, and commercial agency securities. Approximately $2.5 billion of the purchases relate to the Company's hedging strategy with the remaining purchases related to reinvestment of proceeds from loan sales. Partially offsetting the purchases were declines in market valuations driven by an increase in market interest rates.
LOANS HELD FOR SALE
Loans held for sale totaled $612 million at June 30, 2022, consisting of $292 million of residential real estate mortgage loans, $286 million of commercial loans, $31 million of consumer and other performing loans, and $3 million of non-performing loans. At December 31, 2021, loans held for sale totaled $1.0 billion, consisting of $680 million of residential real estate mortgage loans, $257 million of commercial loans, $53 million of consumer and other performing loans, and $13 million of non-performing loans. The levels of residential real estate mortgage loans held for sale that are part of the Company's mortgage originations fluctuate depending on the timing of origination and sale to third parties. Commercial loans held for sale include commercial mortgage loans originated for sale to third parties and commercial loans originally recorded as held for investment when management has the intent to sell. Levels of commercial loans held for sale fluctuate based on timing of sale to third parties.
LOANS
Loans, net of unearned income, represented approximately 65 percent of Regions' interest-earning assets as of June 30, 2022. The following table presents the distribution of Regions’ loan portfolio by portfolio segment and class, net of unearned income:
Table 2—Loan Portfolio

| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
| (In millions, net of unearned income)
Commercial and industrial | $ | 48,492 |  |  | $ | 43,758 |
Commercial real estate mortgage—owner-occupied (1) | 5,218 |  |  | 5,287 |
Commercial real estate construction—owner-occupied (1) | 266 |  |  | 264 |
Total commercial | 53,976 |  |  | 49,309 |
Commercial investor real estate mortgage | 5,892 |  |  | 5,441 |
Commercial investor real estate construction | 1,720 |  |  | 1,586 |
Total investor real estate | 7,612 |  |  | 7,027 |
Residential first mortgage | 17,892 |  |  | 17,512 |
Home equity lines | 3,550 |  |  | 3,744 |
Home equity loans | 2,524 |  |  | 2,510 |
Consumer credit card | 1,172 |  |  | 1,184 |
Other consumer—exit portfolios | 775 |  |  | 1,071 |
Other consumer | 5,957 |  |  | 5,427 |
Total consumer | 31,870 |  |  | 31,448 |
| $ | 93,458 |  |  | $ | 87,784 |

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PORTFOLIO CHARACTERISTICS
The following sections describe the composition of the portfolio segments and classes disclosed in Table 2, explain changes in balances from 2021 year-end, and highlight the related risk characteristics. Regions believes that its loan portfolio is well diversified by product, client, and geography throughout its footprint. However, the loan portfolio may be exposed to certain concentrations of credit risk which exist in relation to individual borrowers or groups of borrowers, certain types of collateral, certain types of industries, certain loan products, or certain regions of the country. Refer to Note 5 "Allowance for Credit Losses" to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for additional information regarding Regions’ portfolio segments and related classes, as well as the risks specific to each.
Commercial
The commercial portfolio segment includes commercial and industrial loans to commercial customers for use in normal business operations to finance working capital needs, equipment purchases and other expansion projects. Commercial and industrial loans increased $4.7 billion since year-end 2021. The increase in commercial and industrial loan balances was driven by new loan production and a continued increase in line utilization. In the first six months of 2022, commercial and industrial loan growth was broad-based and included increases primarily in the educational services, financial services, manufacturing, real estate, retail trade and wholesale goods industries. The June 30, 2022 commercial and industrial loan balance also included $254 million of PPP loans, a decrease of $494 million compared to December 31, 2021, reflecting continued PPP loan forgiveness.
The commercial portfolio also includes owner-occupied commercial real estate mortgage loans to operating businesses, which are loans for long-term financing on land and buildings, and are repaid by cash generated by business operations. Owner-occupied commercial real estate construction loans are made to commercial businesses for the development of land or construction of a building where the repayment is derived from revenues generated from the business of the borrower.
Over half of the Company’s total loans are included in the commercial portfolio segment. These balances are spread across numerous industries as noted in the table below. The Company manages the related risks to this portfolio by setting certain lending limits for each significant industry.
The following tables provide detail of Regions' commercial lending balances in selected industries.
Table 3—Commercial Industry Exposure

| June 30, 2022
| Loans |  | Unfunded Commitments |  | Total Exposure
| (In millions)
Administrative, support, waste and repair | $ | 1,518 |  |  | $ | 1,006 |  |  | $ | 2,524 |
Agriculture | 335 |  |  | 240 |  |  | 575 |
Educational services | 3,299 |  |  | 1,078 |  |  | 4,377 |
Energy | 1,519 |  |  | 2,979 |  |  | 4,498 |
Financial services | 6,279 |  |  | 6,911 |  |  | 13,190 |
Government and public sector | 3,052 |  |  | 488 |  |  | 3,540 |
Healthcare | 3,881 |  |  | 2,452 |  |  | 6,333 |
Information | 2,188 |  |  | 1,485 |  |  | 3,673 |
Manufacturing | 5,166 |  |  | 4,302 |  |  | 9,468 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 2,400 |  |  | 1,430 |  |  | 3,830 |
Real estate (1) | 8,283 |  |  | 8,163 |  |  | 16,446 |
Religious, leisure, personal and non-profit services | 1,623 |  |  | 694 |  |  | 2,317 |
Restaurant, accommodation and lodging | 1,447 |  |  | 353 |  |  | 1,800 |
Retail trade | 2,751 |  |  | 2,097 |  |  | 4,848 |
Transportation and warehousing | 3,255 |  |  | 1,579 |  |  | 4,834 |
Utilities | 2,332 |  |  | 3,055 |  |  | 5,387 |
Wholesale goods | 4,438 |  |  | 3,108 |  |  | 7,546 |
Other (2) | 210 |  |  | 3,255 |  |  | 3,465 |
Total commercial | $ | 53,976 |  |  | $ | 44,675 |  |  | $ | 98,651 |

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| December 31, 2021 (3)
| Loans |  | Unfunded Commitments |  | Total Exposure
| (In millions)
Administrative, support, waste and repair | $ | 1,489 |  |  | $ | 1,141 |  |  | $ | 2,630 |
Agriculture | 336 |  |  | 253 |  |  | 589 |
Educational services | 2,975 |  |  | 948 |  |  | 3,923 |
Energy | 1,361 |  |  | 2,678 |  |  | 4,039 |
Financial services | 5,582 |  |  | 5,933 |  |  | 11,515 |
Government and public sector | 2,845 |  |  | 526 |  |  | 3,371 |
Healthcare | 3,918 |  |  | 2,270 |  |  | 6,188 |
Information | 1,929 |  |  | 1,233 |  |  | 3,162 |
Manufacturing | 4,629 |  |  | 4,270 |  |  | 8,899 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 2,235 |  |  | 1,409 |  |  | 3,644 |
Real estate (1) | 7,343 |  |  | 7,720 |  |  | 15,063 |
Religious, leisure, personal and non-profit services | 1,733 |  |  | 730 |  |  | 2,463 |
Restaurant, accommodation and lodging | 1,658 |  |  | 433 |  |  | 2,091 |
Retail trade | 2,247 |  |  | 2,307 |  |  | 4,554 |
Transportation and warehousing | 3,030 |  |  | 1,538 |  |  | 4,568 |
Utilities | 2,131 |  |  | 2,895 |  |  | 5,026 |
Wholesale goods | 3,756 |  |  | 3,189 |  |  | 6,945 |
Other (2) | 112 |  |  | 2,425 |  |  | 2,537 |
Total commercial | $ | 49,309 |  |  | $ | 41,898 |  |  | $ | 91,207 |

________
(1)"Real estate" includes REITs, which are unsecured commercial and industrial products that are real estate related.
(2)"Other" contains balances related to non-classifiable and invalid business industry codes offset by payments in process and fee accounts that are not available at the loan level.
(3)As customers' businesses evolve (e.g. up or down the vertical manufacturing chain), Regions may need to change the assigned business industry code used to define the customer relationship. When these changes occur, Regions does not recast the customer history for prior periods into the new classification because the business industry code used in the prior period was deemed appropriate. As a result, comparable period changes may be impacted.
Investor Real Estate
Loans for real estate development are repaid through cash flows related to the operation, sale or refinance of the property. This portfolio segment includes extensions of credit to real estate developers or investors where repayment is dependent on the sale of real estate or income generated from the real estate collateral. A portion of Regions’ investor real estate portfolio segment consists of loans secured by residential product types (land, single-family and condominium loans) within Regions’ markets. Additionally, this category includes loans made to finance income-producing properties such as apartment buildings, office and industrial buildings, and retail shopping centers. Total investor real estate loans increased $585 million in comparison to 2021 year-end balances. The increase was primarily driven by growth in term lending commitments and fundings on previously committed construction facilities.
Residential First Mortgage
Residential first mortgage loans represent loans to consumers to finance a residence. These loans are typically financed over a 15 to 30 year term and, in most cases, are extended to borrowers to finance their primary residence. These loans increased $380 million in comparison to 2021 year-end balances. The increase is primarily due to a decline in prepayment rate and an increase in ARM production retained on the balance sheet, partially offset by the sale of approximately $285 million of Ginnie Mae loans in the first quarter of 2022, which had been previously repurchased from their pools. Approximately $2.3 billion in new loan originations were retained on the balance sheet through the first six months of 2022.
Home Equity Lines
Home equity lines are secured by a first or second mortgage on the borrower's residence and allow customers to borrow against the equity in their homes. Home equity lines decreased by $194 million in comparison to 2021 year-end balances, continuing the pace of decline experienced in the past several years as payoffs and paydowns outpaced production. Substantially all of this portfolio was originated through Regions’ branch network.
Beginning in December 2016, new home equity lines of credit have a 10-year draw period and a 20-year repayment term. During the 10-year draw period customers do not have an interest-only payment option, except on a very limited basis. From May 2009 to December 2016, home equity lines of credit had a 10-year draw period and a 10-year repayment term. Prior to
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May 2009, the predominant structure was a 20-year draw period with a balloon payment upon maturity. The term “balloon payment” means there are no principal payments required until the balloon payment is due for interest-only lines of credit.
The following table presents information regarding the future principal payment reset dates for the Company's home equity lines of credit as of June 30, 2022. The balances presented are based on maturity date for lines with a balloon payment and draw period expiration date for lines that convert to a repayment period. Home equity lines that are in repayment are reflected as revolving loans converted to amortizing.
Table 4—Home Equity Lines of Credit - Future Principal Payment Resets

| First Lien |  | % of Total |  | Second Lien |  | % of Total |  | Total
| (Dollars in millions)
2022 | $ | 33 |  |  | 0.93 | % |  | $ | 30 |  |  | 0.85 | % |  | $ | 63 |
2023 | 79 |  | 2.23 | % |  | 59 |  | 1.66 | % |  | 138
2024 | 120 |  | 3.39 | % |  | 79 |  | 2.23 | % |  | 199
2025 | 113 |  | 3.19 | % |  | 124 |  | 3.48 | % |  | 237
2026 | 160 |  | 4.50 | % |  | 161 |  | 4.54 | % |  | 321
2027-2032 | 1,300 |  | 36.61 | % |  | 983 |  | 27.70 | % |  | 2,283
2032-2036 | 94 |  | 2.65 | % |  | 124 |  | 3.48 | % |  | 218
Thereafter | 5 |  | 0.13 | % |  | 3 |  | 0.09 | % |  | 8
Revolving Loans Converted to Amortizing | 48 |  | 1.36 | % |  | 35 |  | 0.98 | % |  | 83
Total | $ | 1,952 |  |  | 54.99 | % |  | $ | 1,598 |  |  | 45.01 | % |  | $ | 3,550 |

Home Equity Loans
Home equity loans are also secured by a first or second mortgage on the borrower's residence, are primarily originated as amortizing loans, and allow customers to borrow against the equity in their homes. Substantially all of this portfolio was originated through Regions’ branch network.
Other Consumer Credit Quality Data
The Company calculates an estimate of the current value of property secured as collateral for both residential first mortgage and home equity lending products (“current LTV”). The estimate is based on home price indices compiled by a third party. The third party data indicates trends for MSAs. Regions uses the third party valuation trends from the MSAs in the Company's footprint in its estimate. The trend data is applied to the loan portfolios taking into account the age of the most recent valuation and geographic area.
The following table presents current LTV data for components of the residential first mortgage, home equity lines and home equity loans classes of the consumer portfolio segment. Current LTV data for some loans in the portfolio is not available due to mergers and systems integrations. The amounts in the table represent the entire loan balance. For purposes of the table below, if the loan balance exceeds the current estimated collateral the entire balance is included in the “Above 100%” category, regardless of the amount of collateral available to partially offset the shortfall.
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Table 5—Estimated Current Loan to Value Ranges

| June 30, 2022
| Residential First Mortgage |  | Home Equity Lines of Credit |  | Home Equity Loans
|  | 1st Lien |  | 2nd Lien |  | 1st Lien |  | 2nd Lien
| (In millions)
Estimated current LTV: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Above 100% | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 1 |
Above 80% - 100% | 1,341 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 5 |
80% and below | 16,270 |  |  | 1,925 |  |  | 1,540 |  |  | 2,307 |  |  | 181 |
Data not available | 279 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 4 |
| $ | 17,892 |  |  | $ | 1,952 |  |  | $ | 1,598 |  |  | $ | 2,333 |  |  | $ | 191 |

| December 31, 2021
| Residential First Mortgage |  | Home Equity Lines of Credit |  | Home Equity Loans
|  | 1st Lien |  | 2nd Lien |  | 1st Lien |  | 2nd Lien
| (In millions)
Estimated current LTV: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Above 100% | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 1 |
Above 80% - 100% | 1,667 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 4 |
80% and below | 15,564 |  |  | 2,053 |  |  | 1,588 |  |  | 2,305 |  |  | 167 |
Data not available | 276 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 4 |
| $ | 17,512 |  |  | $ | 2,089 |  |  | $ | 1,655 |  |  | $ | 2,334 |  |  | $ | 176 |

Consumer Credit Card
Consumer credit card lending represents primarily open-ended variable interest rate consumer credit card loans.
Other Consumer—Exit Portfolios
Other consumer—exit portfolios includes lending initiatives through third parties consisting of loans made through automotive dealerships and other point of sale lending. Regions ceased originating new loans related to these businesses prior to 2020 and therefore the portfolio balance has decreased $296 million from year-end 2021.
Other Consumer
Other consumer loans primarily include indirect and direct consumer loans, overdrafts and other revolving loans. Other consumer loans increased $530 million from year-end 2021 primarily driven by an increase in consumer home improvement lending from the fourth quarter 2021 acquisition of EnerBank.
Regions considers factors such as periodic updates of FICO scores, unemployment, home prices, and geography as credit quality indicators for consumer loans. FICO scores are obtained at origination and refreshed FICO scores are obtained by the Company quarterly for all consumer loans. For more information on credit quality indicators refer to Note 3 "Loans and the Allowance for Credit Losses" .
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ALLOWANCE
The allowance consists of two components: the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for unfunded credit commitments. Unfunded credit commitments includes items such as letters of credit, financial guarantees and binding unfunded loan commitments.
The allowance totaled $1.5 billion as of June 30, 2022 compared to $1.6 billion at December 31, 2021, which represents management's best estimate of expected losses over the life of the loan and credit commitment portfolios. Key drivers of the change in the allowance are presented in Table 6 below. While many of these items overlap regarding impact, they are included in the category most relevant.
Table 6— Allowance Changes

| Three Months Ended
| June 30, 2022 |  | June 30, 2021
| (In millions)
Allowance for credit losses, beginning balance | $ | 1,492 |  |  | $ | 2,068 |
Net charge-offs | (38) |  |  | (47) |
Provision over (less than) net charge-offs: |  |  |
Economic/Qualitative (1) | (2) |  |  | (265) |
Changes in portfolio credit quality/uncertainty | 10 |  |  | (67) |
Changes in specific reserves | (19) |  |  | (36) |
Other portfolio changes (2) | 71 |  |  | 31 |
Total provision over (less than) net charge-offs | 22 |  |  | (384) |
Allowance for credit losses, ending balance | $ | 1,514 |  |  | $ | 1,684 |

| Six Months Ended |
| June 30, 2022 |  | June 30, 2021 |
| (In millions) |
Allowance for credit losses, beginning balance | $ | 1,574 |  |  | $ | 2,293 |  |
Net charge-offs | (84) |  |  | (130) |  |
Provision over (less than) net charge-offs: |  |  |  |
Economic/Qualitative (1) | (56) |  |  | (394) |  |
Changes in portfolio credit quality/uncertainty | (3) |  |  | (81) |  |
Changes in specific reserves | (11) |  |  | (53) |  |
Other portfolio changes (2) | 94 |  |  | 49 |  |
Total provision over (less than) net charge-offs | (60) |  |  | (609) |  |
Allowance for credit losses, ending balance | $ | 1,514 |  |  | $ | 1,684 |  |

_______
(1)Includes pandemic-related qualitative adjustments.
(2)This line item includes the net impact of portfolio growth, portfolio run-off, pay-downs and changes in the mix of total outstanding loans. This line item excludes the impact of PPP loans of $254 million and $2.9 billion as of June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, which are fully backed by the U.S. government and have an immaterial associated allowance.
Credit metrics are monitored throughout the quarter in order to understand external macro-views, trends and industry outlooks, as well as Regions' internal specific views of credit metrics and trends. The second quarter of 2022 exhibited solid asset quality performance. Total net charge-offs declined 4 basis points to 0.17 percent of annualized loans and commercial and investor real estate criticized balances decreased approximately $229 million. Partially offsetting these improvements were modest increases to classified balances of $169 million and to non-performing loans, excluding held for sale, and non-performing assets of $34 million and $32 million, respectively, compared to the first quarter of 2022.
Regions' June 2022 baseline forecast remained relatively stable compared to the March 2022 forecast driven by continued increases in HPI and stability in unemployment offset by a slight decline in real GDP growth. The June 2022 baseline forecast continues to anticipate real GDP growth in 2022 supported primarily by consumer spending and business investments in equipment, machinery and intellectual property, with potential for further support from government spending in 2023 and beyond. While the baseline forecast continues to anticipate a double-digit increase in the HPI for full-year 2022, quarter over quarter growth is expected to decelerate into 2023. As measured by CPI, inflation is expected to remain above the FOMC's 2.0 percent target for the remainder of 2022 and into 2023. Furthermore, ongoing disruptions in supply chains and shipping networks, further increases in elevated inflation, and geopolitical tensions provide significant uncertainty over the near-term forecast.
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Patterns of economic activity within the Regions footprint are expected to be broadly similar to those seen in the U.S. as a whole. In deriving its June 2022 forecast, Regions benchmarks its internal forecast with external forecasts and external data available.
The table below reflects a range of macroeconomic factors utilized in the Base forecast over the two-year R&S forecast period as of June 30, 2022. The unemployment rate is the most significant macroeconomic factor among the CECL models. Unemployment rates in the second quarter and the forecasted periods remained normalized.
Table 7— Macroeconomic Factors in the Forecast

| Pre-R&S Period |  | Base R&S Forecast
June 30, 2022
2Q2022 |  | 3Q2022 |  | 4Q2022 |  | 1Q2023 |  | 2Q2023 |  | 3Q2023 |  | 4Q2023 |  | 1Q2024 |  | 2Q2024
Real GDP, annualized % change | 3.2 | % |  | 2.1 | % |  | 2.2 | % |  | 1.8 | % |  | 1.9 | % |  | 1.9 | % |  | 2.0 | % |  | 2.0 | % |  | 1.9 | %
Unemployment rate | 3.6 | % |  | 3.5 | % |  | 3.5 | % |  | 3.4 | % |  | 3.4 | % |  | 3.4 | % |  | 3.5 | % |  | 3.5 | % |  | 3.5 | %
HPI, year-over-year % change | 19.3 | % |  | 15.6 | % |  | 11.7 | % |  | 7.1 | % |  | 3.0 | % |  | 2.4 | % |  | 2.5 | % |  | 2.6 | % |  | 2.8 | %
S&P 500 | 4,208 |  | 4,256 |  | 4,336 |  | 4,419 |  | 4,506 |  | 4,584 |  | 4,645 |  | 4,707 |  | 4,769
CPI, year-over-year % change | 8.3 | % |  | 8.7 | % |  | 7.8 | % |  | 6.4 | % |  | 4.8 | % |  | 3.3 | % |  | 2.7 | % |  | 2.4 | % |  | 2.2 | %

In the second quarter of 2022, asset quality continued to improve; however, strong loan growth partially offset by some normalization in select sectors of the business portfolio resulted in a modest increase to the modeled results in the allowance for credit losses.
While Regions' quantitative allowance methodologies strive to reflect all risk factors, any estimate involves assumptions and uncertainties resulting in some level of imprecision. Specific adjustments to modeled results were relatively flat as declines in pandemic risk were offset by increased risks due to inflation and rising interest rates. The qualitative framework has a general imprecision component which is meant to acknowledge that model and forecast errors are inherent in any modeling estimate. The June 30, 2022 general imprecision allowance remained relatively flat compared to the first quarter of 2022 and reflects continued uncertainty in the economic environment, heightened financial volatility and supply chain issues.
Based on the overall analysis performed, management deemed an allowance of $1.5 billion to be appropriate to absorb expected credit losses in the loan and credit commitment portfolios as of June 30, 2022.

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Details regarding the allowance and net charge-offs, including an analysis of activity from the previous year’s totals, are included in Table 8 "Allowance for Credit Losses." Net charge-offs decreased $46 million year-over-year, primarily driven by a decline in net charge-offs in the commercial and industrial portfolio and commercial investor real estate mortgage portfolio partially offset by $17 million in net charge-offs from the addition of the EnerBank portfolio during the first six months of 2022. As noted, economic trends such as interest rates, unemployment, volatility in commodity prices, collateral valuations and inflationary pressure will impact the future levels of net charge-offs and may result in volatility of certain credit metrics during the remainder of 2022 and beyond. See the "Quarterly Overview" section for details on expectations for net charge-offs in 2022.
Table 8—Allowance for Credit Losses

| Six Months Ended June 30 |  |
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  |
| (Dollars in millions) |  |
Allowance for loan losses at January 1 | $ | 1,479 |  |  | $ | 2,167 |  |  |
Loans charged-off: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | 44 |  |  | 80 |  |  |
Commercial real estate mortgage—owner-occupied | 4 |  |  | 2 |  |  |
Commercial real estate construction—owner-occupied | — |  |  | 1 |  |  |
Commercial investor real estate mortgage | — |  |  | 19 |  |  |
Residential first mortgage | — |  |  | 1 |  |  |
Home equity lines | 2 |  |  | 4 |  |  |
Home equity loans | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |
Consumer credit card | 20 |  |  | 24 |  |  |
Other consumer—exit portfolios | 10 |  |  | 18 |  |  |
Other consumer | 66 |  |  | 47 |  |  |
| 147 |  |  | 197 |  |  |
Recoveries of loans previously charged-off: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | 25 |  |  | 30 |  |  |
Commercial real estate mortgage—owner-occupied | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |
Commercial real estate construction—owner-occupied | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Commercial investor real estate mortgage | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  |
Residential first mortgage | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  |
Home equity lines | 7 |  |  | 8 |  |  |
Home equity loans | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  |
Consumer credit card | 4 |  |  | 6 |  |  |
Other consumer—exit portfolios | 4 |  |  | 3 |  |  |
Other consumer | 16 |  |  | 12 |  |  |
| 63 |  |  | 67 |  |  |
Net charge-offs (recoveries): |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | 19 |  |  | 50 |  |  |
Commercial real estate mortgage—owner-occupied | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  |
Commercial real estate construction—owner-occupied | — |  |  | 1 |  |  |
Commercial investor real estate mortgage | (1) |  |  | 17 |  |  |
Residential first mortgage | (3) |  |  | (2) |  |  |
Home equity lines | (5) |  |  | (4) |  |  |
Home equity loans | (1) |  |  | (1) |  |  |
Consumer credit card | 16 |  |  | 18 |  |  |
Other consumer—exit portfolios | 6 |  |  | 15 |  |  |
Other consumer | 50 |  |  | 35 |  |  |
| 84 |  |  | 130 |  |  |
Provision for (benefit from) loan losses | 30 |  |  | (440) |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses at June 30 | 1,425 |  |  | 1,597 |  |  |
Reserve for unfunded credit commitments at January 1 | 95 |  |  | 126 |  |  |
Provision for (benefit from) unfunded credit losses | (6) |  |  | (39) |  |  |
Reserve for unfunded credit commitments at June 30 | 89 |  |  | 87 |  |  |
Allowance for credit losses at June 30 | $ | 1,514 |  |  | $ | 1,684 |  |  |
Loans, net of unearned income, outstanding at end of period | $ | 93,458 |  |  | $ | 84,074 |  |  |
Average loans, net of unearned income, outstanding for the period | $ | 89,297 |  |  | $ | 84,653 |  |  |

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| Six Months Ended June 30 |  |
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  |
| (Dollars in millions) |  |
Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) as a % of average loans, annualized (1): |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | 0.08 | % |  | 0.23 | % |  |
Commercial real estate mortgage—owner-occupied | 0.12 | % |  | 0.03 | % |  |
Commercial real estate construction—owner-occupied | (0.02) | % |  | 0.67 | % |  |
Total commercial | 0.09 | % |  | 0.21 | % |  |
Commercial investor real estate mortgage | (0.03) | % |  | 0.64 | % |  |
Commercial investor real estate construction | — | % |  | (0.01) | % |  |
Total investor real estate | (0.02) | % |  | 0.48 | % |  |
Residential first mortgage | (0.03) | % |  | (0.02) | % |  |
Home equity—lines of credit | (0.24) | % |  | (0.17) | % |  |
Home equity—closed-end | (0.05) | % |  | (0.09) | % |  |
Consumer credit card | 2.77 | % |  | 3.18 | % |  |
Other consumer—exit portfolios | 1.36 | % |  | 1.76 | % |  |
Other consumer | 1.80 | % |  | 3.10 | % |  |
Total consumer | 0.41 | % |  | 0.43 | % |  |
Total | 0.19 | % |  | 0.31 | % |  |
Ratios: |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for credit losses at end of period to loans, net of unearned income | 1.62 | % |  | 2.00 | % |  |
Allowance for loan losses at end of period to loans, net of unearned income | 1.52 | % |  | 1.90 | % |  |
Allowance for credit losses at end of period to non-performing loans, excluding loans held for sale | 410 | % |  | 253 | % |  |
Allowance for loan losses at end of period to non-performing loans, excluding loans held for sale | 386 | % |  | 240 | % |  |

_______
(1)Amounts have been calculated using whole dollar values.
Allocation of the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment and class is summarized as follows:
Table 9—Allowance Allocation

| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
| Loan Balance |  | Allowance Allocation |  | Allowance to Loans % (1) |  | Loan Balance |  | Allowance Allocation |  | Allowance to Loans % (1)
| (Dollars in millions)
Commercial and industrial | $ | 48,492 |  |  | $ | 548 |  |  | 1.1 | % |  | $ | 43,758 |  |  | $ | 613 |  |  | 1.4 | %
Commercial real estate mortgage—owner-occupied | 5,218 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 1.9 | % |  | 5,287 |  |  | 118 |  |  | 2.2 | %
Commercial real estate construction—owner-occupied | 266 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 2.4 | % |  | 264 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 3.5 | %
Total commercial | 53,976 |  |  | 654 |  |  | 1.2 | % |  | 49,309 |  |  | 740 |  |  | 1.5 | %
Commercial investor real estate mortgage | 5,892 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 1.5 | % |  | 5,441 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 1.4 | %
Commercial investor real estate construction | 1,720 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 0.6 | % |  | 1,586 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 0.6 | %
Total investor real estate | 7,612 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 1.3 | % |  | 7,027 |  |  | 87 |  |  | 1.2 | %
Residential first mortgage | 17,892 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 0.7 | % |  | 17,512 |  |  | 122 |  |  | 0.7 | %
Home equity lines | 3,550 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 2.0 | % |  | 3,744 |  |  | 83 |  |  | 2.2 | %
Home equity loans | 2,524 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 1.1 | % |  | 2,510 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 1.1 | %
Consumer credit card | 1,172 |  |  | 127 |  |  | 10.9 | % |  | 1,184 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 10.2 | %
Other consumer—exit portfolios | 775 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 7.1 | % |  | 1,071 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 6.0 | %
Other consumer | 5,957 |  |  | 358 |  |  | 6.0 | % |  | 5,427 |  |  | 330 |  |  | 6.1 | %
Total consumer | 31,870 |  |  | 759 |  |  | 2.4 | % |  | 31,448 |  |  | 747 |  |  | 2.4 | %
Total | $ | 93,458 |  |  | $ | 1,514 |  |  | 1.6 | % |  | $ | 87,784 |  |  | $ | 1,574 |  |  | 1.8 | %

_______
(1)Amounts have been calculated using whole dollar values.
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TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURINGS (TDRs)
TDRs are modified loans in which a concession is provided to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. Residential first mortgage, home equity, consumer credit card and other consumer TDRs are consumer loans modified under the CAP. Commercial and investor real estate loan modifications are not the result of a formal program, but represent situations where modifications were offered as a workout alternative. Renewals of classified commercial and investor real estate loans are considered to be TDRs, even if no reduction in interest rate is offered, if the existing terms are considered to be below market. Insignificant modifications are not considered TDRs. More detailed information is included in Note 3 "Loans and the Allowance for Credit Losses" to the consolidated financial statements.
As provided initially in the CARES Act and subsequently extended through the Consolidated Appropriations Act, certain loan modifications related to the COVID-19 pandemic beginning March 1, 2020 through January 1, 2022 were eligible for relief from TDR classification. Regions elected this provision of both Acts; therefore, modified loans that met the required guidelines for relief were not considered TDRs and are excluded from the December 31, 2021 disclosures below. The following table summarizes the loan balance and related allowance for accruing and non-accruing TDRs for the periods presented:
Table 10—Troubled Debt Restructurings

| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
| Loan Balance |  | Allowance for Credit Losses |  | Loan Balance |  | Allowance for Credit Losses
| (In millions)
Accruing: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | $ | 63 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 81 |  |  | $ | 4 |
Investor real estate | 36 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Residential first mortgage | 289 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 220 |  |  | 31 |
Home equity lines | 26 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 3 |
Home equity loans | 54 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 8 |
Other consumer | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |
| 471 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 392 |  |  | 46 |
Non-accrual status or 90 days past due and still accruing: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 95 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 87 |  |  | 14 |
Residential first mortgage | 27 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 5 |
Home equity lines | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |
Home equity loans | 5 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 1 |
| 130 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 20 |
Total TDRs - Loans | $ | 601 |  |  | $ | 62 |  |  | $ | 518 |  |  | $ | 66 |

The following table provides an analysis of the changes in commercial and investor real estate TDRs. TDRs with subsequent restructurings that meet the definition of a TDR are only reported as TDR additions in the period they were first modified. Other than resolutions such as charge-offs, foreclosures, payments, sales and transfers to held for sale, Regions may remove loans from TDR classification if the following conditions are met: the borrower's financial condition improves such that the borrower is no longer in financial difficulty, the loan has not had any forgiveness of principal or interest, the loan has not been restructured as an "A" note/"B" note, the loan has been reported as a TDR over one fiscal year-end and the loan is subsequently refinanced or restructured at market terms such that it qualifies as a new loan.
For the consumer portfolio, changes in TDRs are primarily due to additions from CAP modifications and outflows from payments and charge-offs. Given the types of concessions currently being granted under the CAP as detailed in Note 3 "Loans and the Allowance for Credit Losses" to the consolidated financial statements, Regions does not expect that the market interest rate condition will be widely achieved. Therefore, Regions expects consumer loans modified through CAP to continue to be identified as TDRs for the remaining term of the loan.
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Table 11—Analysis of Changes in Commercial and Investor Real Estate TDRs

| Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 |  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
| Commercial |  | Investor Real Estate |  | Commercial |  | Investor Real Estate
| (In millions)
Balance, beginning of period | $ | 168 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 201 |  |  | $ | 44 |
Additions | 68 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 70 |
Charge-offs | (4) |  |  | — |  |  | (7) |  |  | — |
Other activity, inclusive of payments and removals (1) | (74) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (43) |  |  | (39) |
Balance, end of period | $ | 158 |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 186 |  |  | $ | 75 |

________
(1)The majority of this category consists of payments and sales. It also includes normal amortization/accretion of loan basis adjustments, loans transferred to held for sale, removals and reclassifications between portfolio segments and commercial and investor real estate loans refinanced or restructured as new loans and removed from the TDR classification.
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NON-PERFORMING ASSETS
The following table presents non-performing assets as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:
Table 12—Non-Performing Assets

| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
| (Dollars in millions)
Non-performing loans: |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | $ | 257 |  |  | $ | 305 |
Commercial real estate mortgage—owner-occupied | 29 |  |  | 52 |
Commercial real estate construction—owner-occupied | 10 |  |  | 11 |
Total commercial | 296 |  |  | 368 |
Commercial investor real estate mortgage | 3 |  |  | 3 |
Total investor real estate | 3 |  |  | 3 |
Residential first mortgage | 27 |  |  | 33 |
Home equity lines | 36 |  |  | 40 |
Home equity loans | 7 |  |  | 7 |
Total consumer | 70 |  |  | 80 |
Total non-performing loans, excluding loans held for sale | 369 |  |  | 451 |
Non-performing loans held for sale | 3 |  |  | 13 |
Total non-performing loans(1) | 372 |  |  | 464 |
Foreclosed properties | 11 |  |  | 10 |
Total non-performing assets(1) | $ | 383 |  |  | $ | 474 |
Accruing loans 90 days past due: |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 5 |
Commercial real estate mortgage—owner-occupied | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Total commercial | 5 |  |  | 6 |
Residential first mortgage(2) | 50 |  |  | 74 |
Home equity lines | 16 |  |  | 21 |
Home equity loans | 9 |  |  | 12 |
Consumer credit card | 11 |  |  | 12 |
Other consumer-exit portfolios | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Other consumer | 14 |  |  | 13 |
Total consumer | 102 |  |  | 134 |
| $ | 107 |  |  | $ | 140 |
Non-performing loans(1) to loans and non-performing loans held for sale | 0.40 | % |  | 0.53 | %
Non-performing assets(1) to loans, foreclosed properties, and non-performing loans held for sale | 0.41 | % |  | 0.54 | %

_________
(1)Excludes accruing loans 90 days past due.
(2)Excludes residential first mortgage loans that are 100% guaranteed by the FHA and all guaranteed loans sold to Ginnie Mae where Regions has the right but not the obligation to repurchase. Total 90 days or more past due guaranteed loans excluded were $28 million at June 30, 2022 and $49 million at December 31, 2021.
Non-performing loans at June 30, 2022 decreased compared to year-end levels, primarily driven by improvements in energy, restaurant, accommodation and lodging, manufacturing, and utilities.
Economic trends such as interest rates, unemployment, volatility in commodity prices, and collateral valuations will impact the future level of non-performing assets. Circumstances related to individually large credits could also result in volatility.
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The following table provides an analysis of non-accrual loans (excluding loans held for sale) by portfolio segment:
Table 13— Analysis of Non-Accrual Loans

| Non-Accrual Loans, Excluding Loans Held for Sale Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
| Commercial |  | Investor Real Estate |  | Consumer(1) |  | Total
| (In millions)
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 368 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 80 |  |  | $ | 451 |
Additions | 149 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 150 |
Net payments/other activity | (85) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (10) |  |  | (96) |
Return to accrual | (81) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (81) |
Charge-offs on non-accrual loans(2) | (43) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (43) |
Transfers to held for sale(3) | (10) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10) |
Transfers to real estate owned | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |
Balance at end of period | $ | 296 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | 369 |

| Non-Accrual Loans, Excluding Loans Held for Sale Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
| Commercial |  | Investor Real Estate |  | Consumer(1) |  | Total
| (In millions)
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 524 |  |  | $ | 114 |  |  | $ | 107 |  |  | $ | 745 |
Additions | 282 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 286 |
Net payments/other activity | (127) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (132) |
Return to accrual | (35) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (35) |
Charge-offs on non-accrual loans(2) | (74) |  |  | (18) |  |  | — |  |  | (92) |
Transfers to held for sale(3) | (10) |  |  | (94) |  |  | — |  |  | (104) |
Transfers to real estate owned | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |
Balance at end of period | $ | 558 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 104 |  |  | $ | 666 |

________
(1)All net activity within the consumer portfolio segment other than sales and transfers to held for sale (including related charge-offs) is included as a single net number within the net payments/other activity line.
(2)Includes charge-offs on loans on non-accrual status and charge-offs taken upon sale and transfer of non-accrual loans to held for sale.
(3)Transfers to held for sale are shown net of charge-offs recorded upon transfer.
GOODWILL
Goodwill totaled $5.7 billion at both June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Refer to Note 1 "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" and Note 9 "Intangible Assets" to the consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for the methodologies and assumptions used in the goodwill impairment analysis.
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DEPOSITS
Regions competes with other banking and financial services companies for a share of the deposit market. Regions’ ability to compete in the deposit market depends heavily on the pricing of its deposits and how effectively the Company meets customers’ needs. Regions employs various means to meet those needs and enhance competitiveness, such as providing a high level of customer service and competitive pricing and convenient branch locations for its customers. Regions also serves customers through providing centralized, high-quality banking services through the Company's digital channels and contact center.
The following table summarizes deposits by category:
Table 14—Deposits

| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |  |
| (In millions) |  |
Non-interest-bearing demand | $ | 58,510 |  |  | $ | 58,369 |  |  |
Interest-bearing checking | 26,989 |  |  | 28,018 |  |  |
Savings | 16,220 |  |  | 15,134 |  |  |
Money market—domestic | 31,116 |  |  | 31,408 |  |  |
Time deposits | 5,428 |  |  | 6,143 |  |  |
Total deposits | $ | 138,263 |  |  | $ | 139,072 |  |  |

Total deposits at June 30, 2022 decreased approximately $809 million compared to year-end 2021 levels driven by declines in interest-bearing checking, money market and time deposits. The declines in interest-bearing checking and money market are driven by a return to seasonal deposit patterns observed prior to the pandemic and some commercial and wealth management customers beginning to reduce their excess balances. The decline in time deposits was driven by a decline in time deposits acquired through EnerBank as these deposits are not being replaced when they mature. Partially offsetting these declines was an increase in consumer savings due to seasonality while non-interest bearing demand deposits remained relatively stable.
LONG-TERM BORROWINGS
Table 15—Long-Term Borrowings

| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
| (In millions)
Regions Financial Corporation (Parent): |  |  |
2.25% senior notes due May 2025 | $ | 746 |  |  | $ | 746 |
1.80% senior notes due August 2028 | 645 |  |  | 645 |
7.75% subordinated notes due September 2024 | 100 |  |  | 100 |
6.75% subordinated debentures due November 2025 | 154 |  |  | 154 |
7.375% subordinated notes due December 2037 | 298 |  |  | 298 |
Valuation adjustments on hedged long-term debt | (122) |  |  | (34) |
| 1,821 |  |  | 1,909 |
Regions Bank: |  |  |
6.45% subordinated notes due June 2037 | 496 |  |  | 496 |
Other long-term debt | 2 |  |  | 2 |
| 498 |  |  | 498 |
Total consolidated | $ | 2,319 |  |  | $ | 2,407 |

Long-term borrowings decreased by approximately $88 million since year-end 2021 due entirely to valuation adjustments. See the "Liquidity" section for further detail of Regions' borrowing capacity with the FHLB, which is currently not being utilized.
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SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Shareholders’ equity was $16.5 billion at June 30, 2022 as compared to $18.3 billion at December 31, 2021. During the first six months of 2022, net income increased shareholders' equity by $1.1 billion, cash dividends on common stock reduced shareholders' equity by $318 million, and cash dividends on preferred stock reduced shareholders' equity by $49 million. Changes in AOCI decreased shareholders' equity by $2.4 billion, primarily due to the net change in unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale and derivative instruments as a result of significant changes in market interest rates during the six months ended June 30, 2022. Common stock repurchased during the first six months of 2022 decreased shareholders' equity $230 million. These shares were immediately retired and therefore are not included in treasury stock.
See Note 5 "Shareholders' Equity and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income" section for additional information.
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
Regions and Regions Bank are required to comply with regulatory capital requirements established by Federal and State banking agencies. These regulatory capital requirements involve quantitative measures of the Company's assets, liabilities and selected off-balance sheet items, and also qualitative judgments by the regulators. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can subject the Company to a series of increasingly restrictive regulatory actions. Under the Basel III Rules, Regions is designated as a standardized approach bank. Regions is a "Category IV" institution under the FRB's rules for tailoring enhanced prudential standards.
Federal banking agencies allowed a phase-in of the impact of CECL on regulatory capital. At December 31, 2021, the add-back to regulatory capital was calculated as the impact of initial adoption, adjusted for 25 percent of subsequent changes in the allowance. The amount is phased-in over a three-year period beginning in 2022. At June 30, 2022, the net impact of the add-back on CET1 was approximately $306 million, or approximately 25 basis points. The add-back amount will decrease by approximately $100 million or 10 basis points in both 2023 and 2024.
The following table summarizes the applicable holding company and bank regulatory requirements:
Table 16—Basel III Regulatory Capital Requirements

| June 30, 2022 Ratio (1) |  | December 31, 2021 Ratio |  | Minimum Requirement |  | To Be Well Capitalized
Common equity Tier 1 capital: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Regions Financial Corporation | 9.25 | % |  | 9.57 | % |  | 4.50 | % |  | N/A
Regions Bank | 10.78 |  |  | 11.05 |  |  | 4.50 |  |  | 6.50 | %
Tier 1 capital: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Regions Financial Corporation | 10.61 | % |  | 11.03 | % |  | 6.00 | % |  | 6.00 | %
Regions Bank | 10.78 |  |  | 11.05 |  |  | 6.00 |  |  | 8.00 |
Total capital: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Regions Financial Corporation | 12.26 | % |  | 12.74 | % |  | 8.00 | % |  | 10.00 | %
Regions Bank | 12.08 |  |  | 12.38 |  |  | 8.00 |  |  | 10.00 |
Leverage capital: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Regions Financial Corporation | 8.16 | % |  | 8.08 | % |  | 4.00 | % |  | N/A
Regions Bank | 8.30 |  |  | 8.09 |  |  | 4.00 |  |  | 5.00 | %

_______
(1)The current quarter Basel III CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital, Total capital, and Leverage capital ratios are estimated.
As a result of Regions' voluntary participation in 2021 CCAR, effective October 1, 2021, Regions' SCB requirement for the fourth quarter of 2021 through the third quarter of 2022 will be floored at 2.5 percent. On June 27, 2022, Regions announced the Company received the results of the 2022 stress test from the FRB, reflecting that the Company exceeded all minimum capital levels and inclusive of a preliminary SCB floored at 2.5 percent. On August 4, 2022, the FRB finalized Regions’ SCB requirement, and as a result for the fourth quarter of 2022 through the third quarter of 2023 the SCB requirement will continue to be floored at 2.5 percent.
See the "Second Quarter Overview" section for details on expectations of a range for CET1 during 2022.
Additional discussion of the Basel III Rules, their applicability to Regions, recent proposals and final rules issued by the federal banking agencies and recent laws enacted that impact regulatory requirements is included in the “Supervision and Regulation” subsection of the “Business” section in the 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K and the "Regulatory Requirements" section of Management's Discussion and Analysis in the 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Additional discussion is also included in Note 12 "Regulatory Capital Requirements and Restrictions" to the consolidated financial statements in the 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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LIQUIDITY
Regions maintains a robust liquidity management framework designed to effectively manage liquidity risk in accordance with sound risk management principals and regulatory expectations. The framework establishes sustainable processes and tools to effectively identify, measure, mitigate, monitor, and report liquidity risks beginning with Regions’ Liquidity Management Policy and the Liquidity Risk Appetite Statements approved by the Board. Processes within the liquidity management framework include, but are not limited to, liquidity risk governance, cash management, liquidity stress testing, liquidity risk limits, contingency funding plans, and collateral management. While the framework is designed to comply with liquidity regulations, the processes are further tailored to be commensurate with Regions’ operating model and risk profile.
See the "Liquidity" section for more information. Also, see the “Supervision and Regulation—Liquidity Regulation” subsection of the “Business” section, the "Risk Factors" section and the "Liquidity" section in the 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
NON-GAAP MEASURES
The table below presents computations of earnings and certain other financial measures, which excludes certain adjustments that are included in the financial results presented in accordance with GAAP. These non-GAAP financial measures include “adjusted non-interest expense”, "adjusted non-interest income", "adjusted total revenue", "adjusted total revenue, taxable-equivalent basis", and "adjusted operating leverage ratio". Regions believes that excluding certain items provides a meaningful base for period-to-period comparison, which management believes will assist investors in analyzing the operating results of the Company and predicting future performance. These non-GAAP financial measures are also used by management to assess the performance of Regions’ business because management does not consider the activities related to the adjustments to be indications of ongoing operations. Regions believes that presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures will permit investors to assess the performance of the Company on the same basis as that applied by management. Management and the Board utilize these non-GAAP financial measures as follows:
•Preparation of Regions’ operating budgets
•Monthly financial performance reporting
•Monthly close-out reporting of consolidated results
•Presentations to investors of Company performance
•Metrics for incentive compensation
Non-interest expense (GAAP) is presented excluding adjustments to arrive at adjusted non-interest expense (non-GAAP). Net interest income (GAAP) is presented with taxable-equivalent adjustments to arrive at net interest income on a taxable-equivalent basis (GAAP). Non-interest income (GAAP) is presented excluding adjustments to arrive at adjusted non-interest income (non-GAAP). Net interest income (GAAP) and adjusted non-interest income (non-GAAP) are added together to arrive at adjusted total revenue (non-GAAP). Net interest income on a taxable-equivalent basis (GAAP) and adjusted non-interest income (non-GAAP) are added together to arrive at adjusted total revenue on a taxable-equivalent basis (non-GAAP). The adjusted operating leverage ratio (non-GAAP), which is a measure of productivity, is calculated as the year over year percentage change in adjusted total revenue on a taxable-equivalent basis less the year over year percentage change in adjusted total non-interest expense. Management uses this ratio to monitor performance and believes it provides meaningful information to investors.
Non-GAAP financial measures have inherent limitations, are not required to be uniformly applied and are not audited. Although these non-GAAP financial measures are frequently used by stakeholders in the evaluation of a company, they have limitations as analytical tools, and should not be considered in isolation, or as a substitute for analyses of results as reported under GAAP. In particular, a measure of earnings that excludes certain adjustments does not represent the amount that effectively accrues directly to shareholders.
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The following tables provide: 1) a reconciliation of non-interest expense (GAAP) to adjusted non-interest expense (non-GAAP), 2) a reconciliation of non-interest income (GAAP) to adjusted non-interest income (non-GAAP), 3) a computation of adjusted total revenue (non-GAAP), 4) a computation of adjusted total revenue on a taxable-equivalent basis (non-GAAP) and 5) presentation of the operating leverage ratio (GAAP) and the adjusted operating leverage ratio (non-GAAP).
Table 17—GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliations

|  | Three Months Ended June 30 |  | Six Months Ended June 30
|  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
|  | (Dollars in millions)
ADJUSTED REVENUE AND OPERATING LEVERAGE RATIOS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-interest expense (GAAP) | A | $ | 948 |  |  | $ | 898 |  |  | $ | 1,881 |  |  | $ | 1,826 |
Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contribution to Regions' Financial Corporation foundation |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |
Branch consolidation, property and equipment charges |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | (5) |
Salary and employee benefits—severance charges |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | (5) |
Adjusted non-interest expense (non-GAAP) | B | $ | 954 |  |  | $ | 895 |  |  | $ | 1,886 |  |  | $ | 1,813 |
Net interest income (GAAP) | C | $ | 1,108 |  |  | $ | 963 |  |  | $ | 2,123 |  |  | $ | 1,930 |
Taxable-equivalent adjustment (GAAP) |  | 11 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 23 |
Net interest income, taxable-equivalent basis (GAAP) | D | $ | 1,119 |  |  | $ | 975 |  |  | $ | 2,145 |  |  | $ | 1,953 |
Non-interest income (GAAP) | E | $ | 640 |  |  | $ | 619 |  |  | $ | 1,224 |  |  | $ | 1,260 |
Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities (gains) losses, net |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |
Gain on equity investment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |
Leveraged lease termination gains |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |
Bank owned life insurance (1) |  | — |  |  | (18) |  |  | — |  |  | (18) |
Adjusted non-interest income (non-GAAP) | F | $ | 640 |  |  | $ | 600 |  |  | $ | 1,223 |  |  | $ | 1,237 |
Total revenue | C+E=G | $ | 1,748 |  |  | $ | 1,582 |  |  | $ | 3,347 |  |  | $ | 3,190 |
Adjusted total revenue (non-GAAP) | C+F=H | $ | 1,748 |  |  | $ | 1,563 |  |  | $ | 3,346 |  |  | $ | 3,167 |
Total revenue, taxable-equivalent basis (GAAP) | D+E=I | $ | 1,759 |  |  | $ | 1,594 |  |  | $ | 3,369 |  |  | $ | 3,213 |
Adjusted total revenue, taxable-equivalent basis (non-GAAP) | D+F=J | $ | 1,759 |  |  | $ | 1,575 |  |  | $ | 3,368 |  |  | $ | 3,190 |
Operating leverage ratio (GAAP) (2) |  |  |  |  |  | 1.9 | % |  | 3.9 | %
Adjusted operating leverage ratio (non-GAAP) (2) |  |  |  |  |  | 1.6 | % |  | 1.8 | %

_____
(1)The second quarter 2021 amount relates to an individual BOLI claim benefit, which is a tax-fee gain.
(2)Amounts have been calculated using whole dollar values.

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OPERATING RESULTS
NET INTEREST INCOME AND MARGIN
Table 18—Consolidated Average Daily Balances and Yield/Rate Analysis

| Three Months Ended June 30
| 2022 |  | 2021
| Average Balance |  | Income/ Expense |  | Yield/ Rate (1) |  | Average Balance |  | Income/ Expense |  | Yield/ Rate (1)
| (Dollars in millions; yields on taxable-equivalent basis)
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — | % |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 0.13 | %
Debt securities (2) | 31,429 |  |  | 157 |  |  | 2.00 |  |  | 28,633 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 1.83 |
Loans held for sale | 704 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 5.39 |  |  | 1,382 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 3.36 |
Loans, net of unearned income (3)(4) | 90,764 |  |  | 943 |  |  | 4.15 |  |  | 84,551 |  |  | 861 |  |  | 4.07 |
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks | 22,246 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 0.81 |  |  | 23,337 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 0.11 |
Other earning assets | 1,445 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 2.79 |  |  | 1,297 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 2.20 |
Total earning assets | 146,588 |  |  | 1,166 |  |  | 3.18 |  |  | 139,209 |  |  | 1,018 |  |  | 2.92 |
Unrealized gains/(losses) on securities available for sale, net (2) | (2,107) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 627 |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses | (1,419) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,896) |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | 2,386 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,094 |  |  |  |  |
Other non-earning assets | 16,378 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14,644 |  |  |  |  |
| $ | 161,826 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 154,678 |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings | $ | 16,200 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 0.12 |  |  | $ | 13,914 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 0.14 |
Interest-bearing checking | 27,533 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 0.09 |  |  | 25,044 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 0.03 |
Money market | 31,348 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 0.05 |  |  | 30,762 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 0.03 |
Time deposits | 5,600 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 0.34 |  |  | 4,813 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 0.64 |
Other deposits | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.55 |
Total interest-bearing deposits (5) | 80,681 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 0.10 |  |  | 74,537 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 0.09 |
Other short-term borrowings | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.01 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Long-term borrowings | 2,328 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 4.53 |  |  | 2,901 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 3.59 |
Total interest-bearing liabilities | 83,016 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 0.22 |  |  | 77,438 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 0.22 |
Non-interest-bearing deposits (5) | 58,911 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 56,595 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total funding sources | 141,927 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 0.13 |  |  | 134,033 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 0.13 |
Net interest spread (2) |  |  |  |  | 2.95 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.70 |
Other liabilities | 3,495 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,645 |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity | 16,404 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18,000 |  |  |  |  |
| $ | 161,826 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 154,678 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income /margin on a taxable-equivalent basis (6) |  |  | $ | 1,119 |  |  | 3.06 | % |  |  |  | $ | 975 |  |  | 2.81 | %

________
(1)Amounts have been calculated using whole dollar values.
(2)Debt securities are included on an amortized cost basis with yield and net interest margin calculated accordingly.
(3)Loans, net of unearned income include non-accrual loans for all periods presented.
(4)Interest income includes net loan fees of $16 million and $40 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
(5)Total deposit costs may be calculated by dividing total interest expense on deposits by the sum of interest-bearing deposits and non-interest-bearing deposits. The rates for total deposit costs equal 0.06% and 0.05% for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
(6)The computation of taxable-equivalent net interest income is based on the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% adjusted for applicable state income taxes net of the related federal tax benefit.
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| Six Months Ended June 30
| 2022 |  | 2021
| Average Balance |  | Income/ Expense |  | Yield/ Rate (1) |  | Average Balance |  | Income/ Expense |  | Yield/ Rate (1)
| (Dollars in millions; yields on taxable-equivalent basis)
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 0.18 | % |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 0.13 | %
Debt securities (2) | 30,391 |  |  | 295 |  |  | 1.94 |  |  | 27,910 |  |  | 264 |  |  | 1.89 |
Loans held for sale | 743 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 5.13 |  |  | 1,492 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 3.22 |
Loans, net of unearned income (3)(4) | 89,297 |  |  | 1,830 |  |  | 4.11 |  |  | 84,653 |  |  | 1,726 |  |  | 4.09 |
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks | 24,414 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 0.48 |  |  | 19,942 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 0.11 |
Other earning assets (5) | 1,376 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 3.84 |  |  | 1,288 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 2.73 |
Total earning assets | 146,222 |  |  | 2,229 |  |  | 3.06 |  |  | 135,289 |  |  | 2,042 |  |  | 3.03 |
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale, net (2) | (1,333) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 746 |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses | (1,445) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,017) |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | 2,294 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,013 |  |  |  |  |
Other non-earning assets | 16,040 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14,607 |  |  |  |  |
| $ | 161,778 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 150,638 |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings | $ | 15,871 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 0.13 |  |  | $ | 13,132 |  |  | 10 |  | 0.15 |
Interest-bearing checking | 27,651 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 0.06 |  |  | 24,610 |  |  | 4 |  | 0.03 |
Money market | 31,375 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 0.04 |  |  | 30,097 |  |  | 5 |  | 0.03 |
Time deposits | 5,752 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 0.32 |  |  | 4,984 |  |  | 17 |  | 0.69 |
Other deposits | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  | 1.19 |
Total interest-bearing deposits (5) | 80,649 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 0.08 |  |  | 72,827 |  |  | 36 |  | 0.10 |
Other short-term borrowings | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.54 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Long-term borrowings | 2,359 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 4.29 |  |  | 3,046 |  |  | 53 |  | 3.50 |
Total interest-bearing liabilities | 83,016 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 0.20 |  |  | 75,873 |  |  | 89 |  | 0.24 |
Non-interest-bearing deposits (5) | 58,516 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 54,230 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total funding sources | 141,532 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 0.12 |  |  | 130,103 |  |  | 89 |  | 0.14 |
Net interest spread (2) |  |  |  |  | 2.85 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.79 |
Other liabilities | 3,188 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,516 |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity | 17,058 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18,019 |  |  |  |  |
| $ | 161,778 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 150,638 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income /margin on a taxable-equivalent basis (6) |  |  | $ | 2,145 |  |  | 2.96 | % |  |  |  | $ | 1,953 |  |  | 2.91 | %

________
(1)Amounts have been calculated using whole dollar values.
(2)Debt securities are included on an amortized cost basis with yield and net interest margin calculated accordingly.
(3)Loans, net of unearned income include non-accrual loans for all periods presented.
(4)Interest income includes net loan fees of $34 million and $74 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
(5)Total deposit costs may be calculated by dividing total interest expense on deposits by the sum of interest-bearing deposits and non- interest-bearing deposits. The rates for total deposit costs equal 0.05% and 0.06% for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
(6)The computation of taxable-equivalent net interest income is based on the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% adjusted for applicable state income taxes net of the related federal tax benefit.
Net interest income is Regions' principal source of income and is one of the most important elements of Regions' ability to meet its overall performance goals. Both net interest income and net interest margin are influenced by market interest rates, and in the first six months of 2022, the FOMC increased the Fed funds rate by 150 basis points, with additional rate increases expected in the remaining half of 2022.
Net interest income (taxable-equivalent basis) increased in the second quarter and first six months of 2022 compared to the same periods in 2021. The increases in net interest income were driven primarily by rising interest rates, strong average loan growth and a larger securities portfolio. While interest rates increased in the first half of 2022, funding costs remained relatively stable. These increases were partially offset by a decline in PPP forgiveness income as compared to the same periods in 2021.
Net interest margin also increased in the second quarter and first six months of 2022 compared to the same periods in 2021, benefiting from the rising interest rate environment and controlled deposit costs. Elevated liquidity continues to impact
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net interest margin, as average cash balances remained higher in the second quarter and first six months of 2022 compared to the same periods in 2021.
See the "Second Quarter Overview" section for the Company's expectations for interest income as a component of total revenue. See also the "Market Risk-Interest Rate Risk" section below for additional information.
MARKET RISK—INTEREST RATE RISK
Regions’ primary market risk is interest rate risk. This includes uncertainty with respect to absolute interest rate levels as well as relative interest rate levels, which are impacted by both the shape and the slope of the various yield curves that affect the financial products and services that the Company offers. To quantify this risk, Regions measures the change in its net interest income in various interest rate scenarios compared to a base case scenario. Net interest income sensitivity to market rate movements is a useful short-term indicator of Regions’ interest rate risk.
Sensitivity Measurement—Financial simulation models are Regions’ primary tools used to measure interest rate exposure. Using a wide range of sophisticated simulation techniques provides management with extensive information on the potential impact to net interest income caused by changes in interest rates. Models are structured to simulate cash flows and accrual characteristics of Regions’ balance sheet. Assumptions are made about the direction and volatility of interest rates, the slope of the yield curve, and the changing composition of the balance sheet that results from both strategic plans and from customer behavior. Among the assumptions are expectations of balance sheet growth and composition, the pricing and maturity characteristics of existing business and the characteristics of future business. Interest rate-related risks are expressly considered, such as pricing spreads, the pricing of deposit accounts, prepayments and other option risks. Regions considers these factors, as well as the degree of certainty or uncertainty surrounding their future behavior.
The primary objective of asset/liability management at Regions is to coordinate balance sheet composition with interest rate risk management to sustain reasonable and stable net interest income throughout various interest rate cycles. In computing interest rate sensitivity for measurement, Regions compares a set of alternative interest rate scenarios to the results of a base case scenario derived using “market forward rates.” The standard set of interest rate scenarios includes the traditional instantaneous parallel rate shifts of plus and minus 100 and 200 basis points. Importantly, the falling rate shock scenarios incorporate historical observations. Rates along the yield curve are not allowed to fall below levels consistent with historical 12-month average rate minimums. In addition to parallel curve shifts, multiple curve steepening and flattening scenarios are contemplated. Regions includes simulations of gradual interest rate movements phased in over a six-month period that may more realistically mimic the speed of potential interest rate movements.
Exposure to Interest Rate Movements—As of June 30, 2022, Regions was asset sensitive to both gradual and instantaneous parallel yield curve shifts as compared to the base case for the 12-month measurement horizon ending June 2023.
In the second quarter of 2022, Regions experienced stability in low-cost deposits acquired through the pandemic. Retention of these deposits remains uncertain and some amount may be more rate sensitive in a rising rate environment. Therefore, additional sensitivity analysis focused on pandemic-related "surge" deposit pricing behavior and retention is outlined in Table 19.
The estimated exposure associated with the rising and falling rate scenarios in the table below reflects the combined impacts of movements in short-term and long-term interest rates. Currently, net interest income is projected to benefit from rising short-term interest rates (i.e. asset sensitive profile). An increase or reduction in short-term interest rates (such as the Fed Funds rate, the rate of Interest on Excess Reserves, 1-month LIBOR, SOFR and BSBY) will drive the yield on assets and liabilities contractually tied to such rates higher or lower. Under either environment, it is expected that changes in funding costs and balance sheet hedging income will only somewhat offset the change in asset yields. Importantly, the potential to retain "surge" deposits with lower than expected repricing behavior represents an opportunity for further net interest income growth in the increasing rate scenario as well.
Net interest income remains exposed to intermediate yield curve tenors. While this was a headwind to net interest income during the pandemic, it represents a tailwind to net interest income growth as the yield curve rises. An increase in intermediate and long-term interest rates (such as intermediate to longer-term U.S. Treasuries, swap and mortgage rates) will drive yields higher on certain fixed rate, newly originated or renewed loans, increase prospective yields on certain investment portfolio purchases, and reduce amortization of premium expense on existing securities in the investment portfolio. The opposite is true in an environment where intermediate and long-term interest rates fall.
The interest rate sensitivity analysis presented below in Table 19 is informed by a variety of assumptions and estimates regarding the progression of the balance sheet in both the baseline scenario as well as the scenarios of instantaneous and gradual shifts in the yield curve. Though there are many assumptions which affect the estimates for net interest income, those pertaining to deposit pricing, deposit mix and overall balance sheet composition are particularly impactful. Given the uncertainties associated with monetary policy tightening on the pace of interest rate movement and industry liquidity levels, management evaluates the impact to its sensitivity analysis from these key assumptions. Sensitivity calculations are hypothetical and should not be considered to be predictive of future results.
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The Company’s baseline balance sheet assumptions include management's best estimate for balance sheet growth in the coming 12 months. However, the behavior of pandemic-related "surge" deposits under a rising rate scenario is uncertain. Since year-end 2019, the last period-end free from the effects of the pandemic, deposit balances have increased by approximately $40 billion, exclusive of deposits acquired in the EnerBank acquisition, and approximately $25 billion of the increase was determined to be attributable to pandemic-related surge deposits. Therefore, Table 19 includes two balance sheet scenarios to help inform a potential range of outcomes. The first is an opportunity scenario, and assumes that these deposits behave more like stable, legacy balances, which is consistent with historical disclosures. The second scenario assumes that these depositors will be more sensitive to rate, requiring a higher interest rate in order to hold their balances with the bank. These deposits, including non-interest bearing products, are attributed with an approximate 70 percent repricing beta in rising rate scenarios. Importantly, the impact to net interest income under a changing rate environment is the same whether the "surge" deposit balances are held at a higher beta or the balances attrite and the funding is replaced with wholesale sources. Given the evolving nature of the environment, estimates have been conservatively derived. Should the balances remain with the Company longer or demonstrate less sensitivity to interest rates, there is potential for upside (e.g. the opportunity scenario). The disclosure in Table 19 does not prescribe a view as to the longevity of surge deposits on the balance sheet.
The behavior of deposit pricing in response to changes in interest rate levels is largely informed by analyses of prior rate cycles. In the base case scenario in Table 19, interest-bearing deposits reprice using an approximately 30 percent cumulative beta. The deposit beta model is dynamic across both interest rate level and time. Currently, the Scenario One gradual +100 basis point shock outlined in the table below includes an approximate 25 percent to 30 percent interest-bearing deposit beta for legacy deposits. Again, the "surge" deposit interest-bearing deposit beta is bookended in each scenario, assuming legacy betas and a 70 percent beta, respectively. Deposit pricing outperformance or underperformance of 5 percent in that scenario would increase or decrease net interest income by approximately $39 million, respectively.
In rising rate scenarios only, management assumes that the mix of legacy deposits will change versus the base case as informed by analyses of prior rate cycles. Management assumes that in rising rate scenarios, some shift from non-interest bearing to interest-bearing products will occur. The magnitude of the shift is rate dependent and equates to approximately $3 billion over 12 months in the gradual +100 basis point scenario in Table 19.
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The table below summarizes Regions' positioning over the next 12 months in various parallel yield curve shifts (i.e., including all yield curve tenors). The scenarios are inclusive of all interest rate hedging activities. All forward-starting swaps have starting dates beyond the next 12 months. Therefore, while not impactful to the reported exposure, hedges will meaningfully reduce the net interest income sensitivity to changes in market interest rates over the coming year as they enter the measurement window. More information regarding hedges is disclosed in Table 20 and its accompanying description.
Table 19—Interest Rate Sensitivity

| Scenario One: Estimated Annual Change in Net Interest Income June 30, 2022(1)(2)(3) |  | Scenario Two: Estimated Annual Change in Net Interest Income June 30, 2022 (1)(2)(4)
| (In millions)
Gradual Change in Interest Rates |  |  |
+ 200 basis points | $412 |  |  | $219 |
+ 100 basis points | 215 |  |  | 119 |
- 100 basis points | (244) |  |  | (244) |
- 200 basis points (floored)(5) | (513) |  |  | (513) |
Instantaneous Change in Interest Rates |  |  |
+ 200 basis points | $508 |  |  | $242 |
+ 100 basis points | 277 |  |  | 144 |
- 100 basis points | (344) |  |  | (344) |
- 200 basis points (floored)(5) | (771) |  |  | (771) |

_________
(1)Disclosed interest rate sensitivity levels represent the 12-month forward looking net interest income changes as compared to market forward rate cases and include expected balance sheet growth and remixing.
(2)Active cash flow hedges reflected within the measurement horizon (See Table 21 for additional information regarding hedge start and maturity dates).
(3)Scenario One assumes all deposits (including "surge" deposits) perform consistently with historical experiences.
(4)Scenario Two accounts for uncertainty in "surge" deposit balances (approximately $25 billion) and assumes an approximate 70% beta.
(5)The -200 basis points (floored) scenario represents a rate shock where all rates decline by 200 basis points, or are floored at their 12-month average historical low.
Regions has established scenarios by which yield curve tenors will fall to a consistent level. The shock magnitude for each tenor, when compared to market forward rates, equates to the lesser of the shock scenario amount, or a rate equal to the historical 12-month average minimum. The falling rate scenarios in Table 19 above quantify the expected impact for both gradual and instantaneous shocks under this environment.
Interest rate movements may also have an impact on the value of Regions’ securities portfolio, which can directly impact the carrying value of shareholders’ equity.
Regions' comprehensive interest rate risk management approach uses derivatives, as discussed further below, and debt securities to manage its interest rate risk position. During the second quarter of 2022, as part of its current hedging strategy, the Company executed $8.3 billion of notional value cash flow hedging derivative trades (included in Table 20 below) and purchased $1.2 billion in debt securities available for sale in addition to the trades and purchases that were executed in the first quarter of 2022. The cash flow hedging relationships are forward starting receive fixed/pay variable interest rate swaps, that have start dates in the third quarter of 2023 and mature within three to four years of their start dates. The receive fixed rates on these cash flow hedges averaged 2.99 percent, paying overnight SOFR. The purchased debt securities available for sale consisted primarily of federal agency and residential agency securities, and yield approximately 3.30 percent.
Derivatives—Regions uses financial derivative instruments for management of interest rate sensitivity. ALCO, which consists of members of Regions’ senior management team, in its oversight role for the management of interest rate sensitivity, approves the use of derivatives in balance sheet hedging strategies. Derivatives are also used to offset the risks associated with customer derivatives, which include interest rate, credit and foreign exchange risks. The most common derivatives Regions employs are forward rate contracts, Eurodollar futures contracts, interest rate swaps, options on interest rate swaps, interest rate caps and floors, and forward sale commitments.
Forward rate contracts are commitments to buy or sell financial instruments at a future date at a specified price or yield. A Eurodollar futures contract is a future on a Eurodollar deposit. Eurodollar futures contracts subject Regions to market risk associated with changes in interest rates. Because futures contracts are cash settled daily, there is minimal credit risk associated with Eurodollar futures. Interest rate swaps are contractual agreements typically entered into to exchange fixed for variable (or vice versa) streams of interest payments. The notional principal is not exchanged but is used as a reference for the size of interest settlements. Interest rate options are contracts that allow the buyer to purchase or sell a financial instrument at a
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predetermined price and time. Forward sale commitments are contractual obligations to sell market instruments at a future date for an already agreed-upon price. Foreign currency contracts involve the exchange of one currency for another on a specified date and at a specified rate. These contracts are executed on behalf of the Company's customers and are used by customers to manage fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. The Company is subject to the credit risk that another party will fail to perform.
Regions has made use of interest rate swaps and floors in balance sheet hedging strategies to effectively convert a portion of its fixed-rate funding position to a variable-rate position, to effectively convert a portion of its fixed-rate debt securities available for sale portfolio to a variable-rate position, and to effectively convert a portion of its floating-rate loan portfolios to fixed-rate. Regions also uses derivatives to economically manage interest rate and pricing risk associated with its mortgage origination business. In the period of time that elapses between the origination and sale of mortgage loans, changes in interest rates have the potential to cause a decline in the value of the loans in this held-for-sale portfolio. Futures contracts and forward sale commitments are used to protect the value of the loan pipeline and loans held for sale from changes in interest rates and pricing.
The following table presents additional information about hedging interest rate derivatives used by Regions to manage interest rate risk:
Table 20—Hedging Derivatives by Interest Rate Risk Management Strategy

| June 30, 2022
|  |  | Weighted-Average |  |
| Notional Amount |  | Maturity (Years) |  | Receive Rate(2)(3) |  | Pay Rate(2) |  |
| (Dollars in millions)
Derivatives in fair value hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Receive variable/pay fixed - debt securities available for sale(1) | $ | 6,523 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 3.0 | % |  | 0.8 | % |  |
Receive fixed/pay variable - borrowed funds | 1,400 |  |  | 4.3 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 1.5 |  |  |
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Receive fixed/pay variable - floating-rate loans(1)(2)(3) | 33,100 |  |  | 2.6 |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | 2.1 |  |  |
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments | $ | 41,023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

_________
(1)Floating rates represent the most recent fixing for active derivatives and the first forward fixing for future starting derivatives.
(2)Variable rate indexes on hedge contracts reference a combination of short-term benchmarks, primarily 1-month LIBOR with approximately $11.0 billion of hedges pay SOFR.
(3)$12.5 billion of the cash flow swaps were added in 2022 with a receive rate of 2.74%, mostly paying overnight SOFR; 2.84% LIBOR equivalent.
The following table presents the average asset hedge notional amounts that are active during each of the remaining quarterly periods in 2022 and later annual periods. Asset hedge notional amounts mature prior to the end of 2031, with an immaterial amount of notional maturing in early 2032.
Table 21—Schedule of Notional for Asset Hedging Derivatives

|  |  | Average Active Notional Amount
|  |  | Quarters Ended (1) |  | Years Ended
|  |  | 9/30/2022(2) | 12/31/2022 |  | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | 2031
|  |  | (in millions)
Asset Hedging Relationships: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Receive fixed/pay variable swaps |  |  | $ | 20,650 |  | $ | 16,988 |  |  | $ | 13,322 |  | $ | 18,926 |  | $ | 13,895 |  | $ | 8,776 |  | $ | 3,958 |  | $ | 1,654 |  | $ | 4 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |
Receive variable/pay fixed swaps |  |  | 1,130 |  | 5,299 |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 15 |  | 23 |  | 23 |  | 23 |  | 23 |
Net receive fixed/pay variable swaps |  |  | $ | 19,520 |  | $ | 11,689 |  |  | $ | 13,322 |  | $ | 18,926 |  | $ | 13,895 |  | $ | 8,776 |  | $ | 3,943 |  | $ | 1,631 |  | $ | (19) |  | $ | (23) |  | $ | (23) |

_________
(1)All cash flow hedges are reflected within the 12-month measurement horizon and included in income sensitivity levels as disclosed in Table 19.
(2)Subsequent to June 30, 2022, the Company terminated $2.5 billion in receive fixed/ pay variable notional maturing on October 1, 2022.
Regions manages the credit risk of these instruments in much the same way as it manages credit risk of the loan portfolios by establishing credit limits for each counterparty and through collateral agreements for dealer transactions. For non-dealer transactions, the need for collateral is evaluated on an individual transaction basis and is primarily dependent on the financial
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strength of the counterparty. Credit risk is also reduced significantly by entering into legally enforceable master netting agreements. When there is more than one transaction with a counterparty and there is a legally enforceable master netting agreement in place, the exposure represents the net of the gain and loss positions with and collateral received from and/or posted to that counterparty. Most hedging interest rate swap derivatives traded by Regions are subject to mandatory clearing. The counterparty risk for cleared trades effectively moves from the executing broker to the clearinghouse allowing Regions to benefit from the risk mitigation controls in place at the respective clearinghouse. The “Credit Risk” section in this report contains more information on the management of credit risk.
Regions also uses derivatives to meet the needs of its customers. Interest rate swaps, interest rate options and foreign exchange forwards are the most common derivatives sold to customers. Other derivative instruments with similar characteristics are used to hedge market risk and minimize volatility associated with this portfolio. Instruments used to service customers are held in the trading account, with changes in value recorded in the consolidated statements of income.
The primary objective of Regions’ hedging strategies is to mitigate the impact of interest rate changes, from an economic perspective, on net interest income and other financing income and the net present value of its balance sheet. The overall effectiveness of these hedging strategies is subject to market conditions, the quality of Regions’ execution, the accuracy of its valuation assumptions, counterparty credit risk and changes in interest rates.
See Note 8 "Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities" to the consolidated financial statements for a tabular summary of Regions’ quarter-end derivatives positions and further discussion.
Regions accounts for residential MSRs at fair market value with any changes to fair value being recorded within mortgage income. Regions enters into derivative transactions to economically mitigate the impact of market value fluctuations related to residential MSRs. Derivative instruments entered into in the future could be materially different from the current risk profile of Regions’ current portfolio.
LIBOR TRANSITION
On March 5, 2021, the FCA announced that LIBOR will not be available for use after December 31, 2021. Further, existing contracts referencing 1-week or 2-month USD LIBOR settings must be remediated no later than December 31, 2021. Regions successfully remediated contracts referencing 1-week or 2-month USD LIBOR prior to December 31, 2021. Additionally, Regions ceased origination of all new LIBOR-based lending prior to December 31, 2021. Existing contracts referencing all other USD LIBOR settings must be remediated no later than June 30, 2023. Regions holds instruments that may be impacted by the discontinuance of LIBOR, including loans, investments, derivative products, floating-rate obligations, and other financial instruments that use LIBOR as a benchmark rate. However, Regions' LIBOR exposure is primarily in settings other than 1-week or 2-month USD LIBOR. The Company has established a LIBOR Transition Program, which includes dedicated leadership and staff, with all relevant business lines and support groups engaged. As part of this program, the Company continues to identify, assess, and monitor risks associated with the discontinuation of LIBOR. Steps to mitigate risks associated with the transition are being overseen by Regions’ Executive LIBOR Steering Committee. Regions is following industry efforts to develop alternative reference rates and is operationally ready to offer new benchmarks as they are adopted by regulatory agencies and industry groups.
Regions has taken proactive steps to facilitate the transition on behalf of customers, which include:
•The adoption and ongoing implementation of fallback provisions that provide for the determination of replacement rates for LIBOR-linked financial products.
•The adoption of new products linked to alternative reference rates, such as adjustable-rate mortgages, consistent with guidance provided by the US regulators, ARRC, and GSEs.
•The discontinuation of LIBOR-based commercial lending prior to December 31, 2021, consistent with regulatory guidelines. The Company is providing multiple alternative rates based on market competition and demand, including SOFR, BSBY, and AMERIBOR.
Regions continues to evaluate its financial and operational infrastructure in its effort to transition all financial and strategic processes, systems, and models to reference rates other than LIBOR. Regions has also implemented processes to educate all client-facing associates and coordinate communications with customers regarding the transition.
Regions has exposure to LIBOR-based products throughout several lines of business. As of June 30, 2022, Regions had the following exposures that reference LIBOR:
•Approximately $24.8 billion of total outstanding commercial and investor real estate loans and approximately $784 million of total consumer loans;
•Securities within the investment portfolio of approximately $261 million;
•Notional amount of interest rate derivatives totaling approximately $130 billion;
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•Series B and C preferred stock with total carrying values of $433 million and $490 million, respectively that reference LIBOR when their dividend rate begins to float after 2023.
On March 15, 2022, the Adjustable Interest Rate Act was signed into law with the purpose of establishing a clear and uniform process for replacing LIBOR in existing contracts. Among the provisions of this legislation, contracts may be transitioned to SOFR to gain a legal safe harbor. The Company has assessed the impact of this legislation and expects to allow certain clients to fallback to SOFR upon the cessation of LIBOR, consistent with the guidelines in the legislation.
In the third quarter of 2020, Regions adopted temporary accounting relief for affected transactions that reference LIBOR. See Note 1 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in Regions’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 for details.
LIQUIDITY
Liquidity is an important factor in the financial condition of Regions and affects Regions’ ability to meet the needs of the Company and its customers. Regions’ goal in liquidity management is to maintain liquidity sources and reserves sufficient to satisfy the cash flow requirements of depositors and borrowers, under normal and stressed conditions. Accordingly, Regions maintains a variety of liquidity sources to fund its obligations, as further described below. Furthermore, Regions performs specific procedures, including scenario analyses and stress testing to evaluate and maintain appropriate levels of available liquidity in alignment with liquidity risk.
Regions' operation of its business provides a generally balanced liquidity base which is comprised of customer assets, consisting principally of loans, and funding provided by customer deposits and borrowed funds. Maturities in the loan portfolio provide a steady flow of funds, and are supplemented by Regions' relatively steady deposit base.
The securities portfolio also serves as a primary source and storehouse of liquidity. Proceeds from maturities and principal and interest payments of securities provide a continual flow of funds available for cash needs (see Note 2 "Debt Securities" to the consolidated financial statements). Furthermore, the highly liquid nature of the portfolio (for example, the agency guaranteed MBS portfolio) can be readily used as a source of cash through various secured borrowing arrangements. Cash reserves, liquid assets and secured borrowing capabilities (including borrowing capacity at the FHLB, as discussed below) aid in the management of liquidity in normal and stressed conditions, and/or meeting the need of contingent events such as obligations related to potential litigation. See Note 11 "Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees" to the consolidated financial statements for additional discussion of the Company’s funding requirements. Liquidity needs can also be met by borrowing funds in national money markets, though Regions does maintain limits on short-term unsecured funding due to the volatility that can affect such markets.
The balance with the FRB is the primary component of the balance sheet line item, “interest-bearing deposits in other banks.” At June 30, 2022, Regions had approximately $18.2 billion in cash on deposit with the FRB and other depository institutions, a decrease from approximately $28.1 billion at December 31, 2021, as cash balances have been used fund loan growth and for securities purchases in the first six months of 2022. The average balance held with the FRB was approximately $22.2 billion and $23.3 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Refer to the "Cash and Cash Equivalents" section for more information.
Regions’ borrowing availability with the FRB as of June 30, 2022, based on assets pledged as collateral on that date, was $15.1 billion.
Regions’ financing arrangement with the FHLB adds additional flexibility in managing the Company's liquidity position. As of June 30, 2022, Regions had no FHLB borrowings and its total borrowing capacity from the FHLB totaled approximately $15.4 billion. FHLB borrowing capacity is contingent on the amount of collateral pledged to the FHLB. Regions Bank pledged certain eligible securities and loans as collateral for the outstanding FHLB advances. Additionally, investment in FHLB stock is required in relation to the level of outstanding borrowings. The FHLB has been and is expected to continue to be a reliable and economical source of funding.
Regions maintains a shelf registration statement with the SEC that can be utilized by Regions to issue various debt and/or equity securities. Additionally, Regions' Board has authorized Regions Bank to issue up to $10 billion in aggregate principal amount of bank notes outstanding at any one time. Refer to Note 11 "Borrowed Funds" to the consolidated financial statements in the 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
Regions may, from time to time, consider opportunistically retiring outstanding issued securities, including subordinated debt in privately negotiated or open market transactions for cash or common shares. Regulatory approval would be required for retirement of some instruments. See Note 5 "Shareholders' Equity and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income" to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Regions' liquidity policy requires the holding company to maintain cash sufficient to cover the greater of (1) 18 months of debt service and other cash needs or (2) a minimum cash balance of $500 million. Cash and cash equivalents at the holding company totaled $1.2 billion at June 30, 2022. Overall liquidity risk limits are established by the Board through its Risk
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Appetite Statement and Liquidity Policy. The Company's Board, LROC and ALCO regularly review compliance with the established limits.
CREDIT RISK
Regions’ objective regarding credit risk is to maintain a credit portfolio that provides for stable credit costs with acceptable volatility through an economic cycle. Regions has various processes to manage credit risk as described below. In order to assess the risk profile of the loan portfolio, Regions considers risk factors within the loan portfolio segments and classes, the current U.S. economic environment and that of its primary banking markets, as well as counterparty risk. See the “Portfolio Characteristics” section of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for a discussion of risk characteristics of each loan type.
INFORMATION SECURITY RISK
Regions faces information security risks, such as evolving and adaptive cyber attacks that are conducted regularly against financial institutions in attempts to compromise or disable information systems. Such attempts have increased in recent years, and the trend is expected to continue for a number of reasons, including increases in technology-based products and services used by us and our customers, the growing use of mobile, cloud, and other emerging technologies, and the increasing sophistication and activities of organized crime, hackers, terrorists, nation-states, activists and other external parties or fraud on the part of employees.
Even when Regions successfully prevents cyber attacks to its own network, the Company may still incur losses that result from customers' account information being obtained through breaches of retailers' networks that enable customer transactions. The related fraud losses, as well as the costs of re-issuing new cards, may impact Regions' financial results. In addition, Regions also relies on some vendors to provide certain business infrastructure components, and although Regions actively assesses and monitors the information security capabilities of these vendors, Regions' reliance on them may also increase exposure to information security risk.
In the event of a cyber attack or other data breach, Regions may be required to incur significant expenses, including with respect to remediation costs, costs of implementing additional preventative measures, addressing any reputational harm and addressing any related regulatory inquiries or civil litigation arising from the event. Refer to the "Information Security Risk" section in Management's Discussion and Analysis included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for further discussion of Regions' information security risk.
PROVISION FOR (BENEFIT FROM) CREDIT LOSSES
The provision for (benefit from) credit losses is used to maintain the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for unfunded credit losses at a level that in management’s judgment is appropriate to absorb expected credit losses over the contractual life of the loan and credit commitment portfolio at the balance sheet date. The provision for credit losses totaled $60 million in the second quarter of 2022 compared to a benefit from credit losses of $337 million during the second quarter of 2021. The provision for credit losses totaled $24 million for the first six months of 2022 compared to a benefit from credit losses of $479 million for the first six months of 2021. Refer to the "Allowance" section for further detail.
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NON-INTEREST INCOME
Table 22—Non-Interest Income

| Three Months Ended June 30 |  | Quarter-to-Date Change 6/30/2022 vs. 6/30/2021 |
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Amount |  | Percent |
| (Dollars in millions) |
Service charges on deposit accounts | $ | 165 |  |  | $ | 163 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | 1.2 | % |
Card and ATM fees | 133 |  |  | 128 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 3.9 | % |
Capital markets income | 112 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 83.6 | % |
Investment management and trust fee income | 72 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 4.3 | % |
Mortgage income | 47 |  |  | 53 |  |  | (6) |  |  | (11.3) | % |
Investment services fee income | 30 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 11.1 | % |
Commercial credit fee income | 23 |  |  | 23 |  |  | — |  |  | — | % |
Bank-owned life insurance | 16 |  |  | 33 |  |  | (17) |  |  | (51.5) | % |
Market value adjustments on employee benefit assets - other | (17) |  |  | 8 |  |  | (25) |  |  | (312.5) | % |
Securities gains (losses), net | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1) |  |  | (100.0) | % |
Other miscellaneous income | 59 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 11.3 | % |
| $ | 640 |  |  | $ | 619 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | 3.4 | % |

| Six Months Ended June 30 |  | Year-to-Date 6/30/2022 vs. 6/30/2021 |
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Amount |  | Percent |
| (Dollars in millions) |
Service charges on deposit accounts | $ | 333 |  |  | $ | 320 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | 4.1 | % |
Card and ATM fees | 257 |  |  | 243 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 5.8 | % |
Capital markets income | 185 |  |  | 161 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 14.9 | % |
Investment management and trust fee income | 147 |  |  | 135 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 8.9 | % |
Mortgage income | 95 |  |  | 143 |  |  | (48) |  |  | (33.6) | % |
Investment services fee income | 56 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 7.7 | % |
Commercial credit fee income | 45 |  |  | 45 |  |  | — |  |  | — | % |
Bank-owned life insurance | 30 |  |  | 50 |  |  | (20) |  |  | (40.0) | % |
Market value adjustments on employee benefit assets - other | (31) |  |  | 15 |  |  | (46) |  |  | (306.7) | % |
Gain on equity investment | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | (3) |  |  | (100.0) | % |
Securities gains (losses), net | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | (2) |  |  | (100.0) | % |
Other miscellaneous income | 107 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 17.6 | % |
| $ | 1,224 |  |  | $ | 1,260 |  |  | $ | (36) |  |  | (2.9) | % |

Service charges on deposit accounts—Service charges on deposit accounts include non-sufficient fund and overdraft fees, corporate analysis service charges, overdraft protection fees and other customer transaction-related service charges.
Capital markets income—Capital markets income primarily relates to capital raising activities that include securities underwriting and placement, loan syndication, as well as foreign exchange, derivatives, merger and acquisition and other advisory services. Capital markets income increased in both the second quarter of 2022 and first six months of 2022 compared to the same periods in 2021. The increase in the second quarter of 2022 was driven primarily by real estate capital markets, commercial swap income, and M&A advisory fees. The increase in commercial swap income benefited from positive credit/debit valuation adjustments due to rate and spread movement. M&A advisory fees were positively impacted by the acquisition of Clearsight Advisors in the fourth quarter of 2021. The increase for the first six months of 2022 was driven by increases in real estate capital markets, loan syndication revenue, and commercial swap income. In both periods, the increases in capital markets income were partially offset by declines in securities underwriting and placement fees.
Investment management and trust fee income—Investment management and trust fee income represents income from asset management services provided to individuals, businesses and institutions.
Mortgage income—Mortgage income is generated through the origination and servicing of residential mortgage loans for long-term investors and sales of residential mortgage loans in the secondary market. The decrease in mortgage income in the
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second quarter of 2022 and first six months of 2022 compared to the same periods in 2021 was due primarily to lower mortgage production as a result of higher interest rates. The decline in production and sales was partially offset by an improvement in the valuation of mortgage servicing rights and related hedges. Mortgage income for the six months ended June 30, 2022 also includes approximately $12 million in gains associated with the re-securitization and sale of Ginnie Mae loans previously repurchased from their pools in the first quarter of 2022.
Bank-owned life insurance—Bank-owned life insurance income primarily represents income earned from the appreciation of the cash surrender value of insurance contracts held and the proceeds of insurance benefits. Bank-owned life insurance decreased in the second quarter of 2022 and first six months of 2022 compared to the same periods in 2021 primarily due to an $18 million individual BOLI claim benefit recognized in the second quarter of 2021.
Market value adjustments on employee benefit assets—Market value adjustments on employee benefit assets are the reflection of market value variations related to assets held for certain employee benefits. Market value adjustments on employee benefit assets decreased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the same periods in 2021 due to market volatility. The adjustments are offset in salaries and benefits.
Securities gains (losses), net—Net securities gains (losses) primarily result from the Company's asset/liability management process. See Table 1 "Debt Securities" section for additional information.
Other miscellaneous income—Other miscellaneous income includes net revenue from affordable housing, valuation adjustments to equity investments (other than the item shown separately above), fees from safe deposit boxes, check fees and other miscellaneous income. Net revenue from affordable housing includes actual gains and losses resulting from the sale of affordable housing investments, cash distributions from the investments and any related impairment charges. Other miscellaneous income increased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the same periods of 2021 primarily due to an increase in commercial loan and leasing related fee income generated from Ascentium, low income housing tax credit disposition gains, and, to a lesser degree, an increase in other consumer income. The increase in income for the first six months of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021 was partially offset by a decline in SBIC income.
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NON-INTEREST EXPENSE
Table 23—Non-Interest Expense

| Three Months Ended June 30 |  | Quarter-to-Date Change 6/30/2022 vs. 6/30/2021 |
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Amount |  | Percent |
| (Dollars in millions) |
Salaries and employee benefits | $ | 575 |  |  | $ | 532 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | 8.1 | % |
Equipment and software expense | 97 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 9.0 | % |
Net occupancy expense | 75 |  |  | 75 |  |  | — |  |  | — | % |
Outside services | 38 |  |  | 39 |  |  | (1) |  |  | (2.6) | % |
Marketing | 22 |  |  | 29 |  |  | (7) |  |  | (24.1) | % |
Professional, legal and regulatory expenses | 24 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 60.0 | % |
Credit/checkcard expenses | 13 |  |  | 17 |  |  | (4) |  |  | (23.5) | % |
FDIC insurance assessments | 13 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 18.2 | % |
Visa class B shares expense | 9 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 50.0 | % |
Branch consolidation, property and equipment charges | (6) |  |  | — |  |  | (6) |  |  | NM |
Other miscellaneous expenses | 88 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3.5 | % |
| $ | 948 |  |  | $ | 898 |  |  | $ | 50 |  |  | 5.6 | % |

| Six Months Ended June 30 |  | Year-to-Date 6/30/2022 vs. 6/30/2021 |
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Amount |  | Percent |
| (Dollars in millions) |
Salaries and employee benefits | $ | 1,121 |  |  | $ | 1,078 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | 4.0 | % |
Equipment and software expense | 192 |  |  | 179 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 7.3 | % |
Net occupancy expense | 150 |  |  | 152 |  |  | (2) |  |  | (1.3) | % |
Outside services | 76 |  |  | 77 |  |  | (1) |  |  | (1.3) | % |
Marketing | 46 |  |  | 51 |  |  | (5) |  |  | (9.8) | % |
Professional, legal and regulatory expenses | 41 |  |  | 44 |  |  | (3) |  |  | (6.8) | % |
Credit/checkcard expenses | 39 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 25.8 | % |
FDIC insurance assessments | 27 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 28.6 | % |
Visa class B shares expense | 14 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 40.0 | % |
Branch consolidation, property and equipment charges | (5) |  |  | 5 |  |  | (10) |  |  | (200.0) | % |
Other miscellaneous expenses | 180 |  |  | 178 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1.1 | % |
| $ | 1,881 |  |  | $ | 1,826 |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | 3.0 | % |

______
NM - Not Meaningful
Salaries and employee benefits—Salaries and employee benefits consist of salaries, incentive compensation, long-term incentives, payroll taxes, and other employee benefits such as 401(k), pension, and medical, life and disability insurance, as well as, expenses from liabilities held for employee benefit purposes. Full-time equivalent headcount increased to 19,673 at June 30, 2022 from 18,814 at June 30, 2021, reflecting the additional associates from acquisitions in the fourth quarter of 2021. Salaries and employee benefits expense also increased in the second quarter of 2022 and the first six months of 2022 compared to the same periods in 2021 primarily due to annual merit increases that occurred early in the second quarter of 2022 and, to a lesser degree, higher production-based incentive compensation. These increases were partially offset by a decline in 401(k) related expenses.
Professional, legal and regulatory expenses—Professional, legal, and regulatory expenses consist of amounts related to legal, consulting, other professional fees and regulatory charges. Professional, legal, and regulatory expenses increased in the second quarter of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021 primarily due to [an increase in legal expenses].
Credit/checkcard expenses—Credit/checkcard expenses include credit and checkcard fraud and expenses. Credit/checkcard expenses increased the first six months of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021 primarily due to an accrual increase associated with a previous debit card matter that occurred during the first quarter of 2022, which was partially offset by a slight decline in debit card servicing expenses.
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Branch consolidation, property and equipment charges—Branch consolidation, property and equipment charges include valuation adjustments related to owned branches when the decision to close them is made. Accelerated depreciation and lease write-off charges are recorded for leased branches through and at the actual branch close date. Branch consolidation, property and equipment charges also include costs related to occupancy optimization initiatives. During the second quarter of 2022, the Company recognized gains on the disposition of branch properties.
INCOME TAXES
The Company’s income tax expense for the three months ended June 30, 2022 was $157 million compared to $231 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021, resulting in effective tax rates of 21.2 percent and 22.6 percent, respectively. The income tax expense for six months ended June 30, 2022 was $311 million compared to $411 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, resulting in effective tax rates of 21.6 percent and 22.3 percent, respectively. See the "Second Quarter Overview" for the Company's near-term expectations for future tax rates.
The effective tax rate is affected by many factors including, but not limited to, the level of pre-tax income, the mix of income between various tax jurisdictions with differing tax rates, enacted tax legislation, net tax benefits related to affordable housing investments, bank-owned life insurance income, tax-exempt interest and nondeductible expenses. In addition, the effective tax rate is affected by items that may occur in any given period but are not consistent from period-to-period, such as the termination of certain leveraged leases, share-based payments, valuation allowance changes and changes to unrecognized tax benefits. Accordingly, the comparability of the effective tax rate between periods may be impacted.
At June 30, 2022, the Company reported a net deferred tax asset of $429 million compared to a net deferred tax liability of $306 million at December 31, 2021. The change in the net deferred tax position was due primarily to the deferred tax impact of unrealized losses on securities available for sale and derivative instruments arising during the period.
ACQUISITIONS
EnerBank
On October 1, 2021, Regions completed its acquisition of home improvement lender EnerBank. The acquisition of EnerBank allows Regions to provide customers with home improvement financing solutions using EnerBank's loan programs and digital solutions to support a wide range of home improvement needs.
As a result of the acquisition, Regions recorded approximately $3.3 billion of assets of which $3.1 billion were loans that are included in Regions' other consumer loan portfolio. Regions also assumed $2.8 billion of liabilities, consisting almost entirely of time deposits that the Company expects will attrite over time. The premiums recorded related to the acquired assets and assumed liabilities were immaterial.
Fair value estimates are considered preliminary as of June 30, 2022. Fair value estimates, including loans, intangible assets and goodwill, are subject to change for up to one year after the acquisition date as additional information becomes available.
Regions recorded PCD loans of $198 million as a result of the acquisition. Regions recorded an immaterial ALLL related to these loans, which was included in the total acquired asset value as part of the acquisition.
In conjunction with the acquisition, Regions recognized initial goodwill of $361 million and other intangible assets of $176 million. The other intangible assets were primarily comprised of customer relationship intangibles and will be amortized over the expected useful life of each recognized asset.
Sabal
On December 1, 2021, Regions completed its acquisition of Sabal, a financial services firm that leverages technology to facilitate off-balance-sheet lending in the small balance commercial real estate market.
As a result of the acquisition, Regions recorded approximately $360 million of assets, which included loans held for sale totaling $82 million, as well as a commercial mortgage servicing asset and securities that were immaterial. Regions also assumed $114 million of liabilities, consisting primarily of borrowings that were paid off following closing.
In conjunction with the acquisition, Regions recognized initial goodwill of $146 million and other intangible assets that were immaterial.
Fair value estimates are considered preliminary as of June 30, 2022. Fair value estimates, including acquired assets and goodwill, are subject to change for up to one year after the acquisition date as additional information becomes available.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
The information presented in the "Market Risk" section of Part 1, Item 2 is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Based on an evaluation, as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q, under the supervision and with the participation of Regions’ management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the Chief Executive
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Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that Regions’ disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) are effective. Regions continues to integrate EnerBank and Sabal into its internal control environment. During the quarter ended June 30, 2022, there were no other changes in Regions’ internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Regions’ internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Information required by this item is set forth in Note 11, "Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees" in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) in Part I. Item 1. of this report, which is incorporated by reference.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
An investment in the Company involves risks, including the risk factors discussed in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 (the “2021 Form 10-K”), which risk factors have not materially changed except as set forth below. The risk factors below supersede the similarly captioned risk factors set forth in the 2021 Form 10-K and supplement the other risk factors in the 2021 Form 10-K. They reflect modifications to the nature of the risks that have developed since the date on which the 2021 Form 10-K was filed.
Our businesses have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by conditions in the financial markets and economic conditions generally.
We provide traditional commercial, retail and mortgage banking services, as well as other financial services including asset management, wealth management, securities brokerage, merger-and-acquisition advisory services and other specialty financing. All of our businesses are materially affected by conditions in the financial markets and economic conditions in the South, Midwest and Texas, the principal markets in which we conduct business. Global economic conditions also affect our operating results because global economic conditions directly influence the U.S. economic conditions. Sources of global economic and market instability include, but are not limited to, the potential for an economic slowdown in United Kingdom, Europe and the United States; the impact of trade negotiations; economic conditions in China, including the global economic impacts of the Chinese economy and China’s regulation of commerce; and escalating military tensions in Europe as a result of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Various market conditions also affect our operating results. Certain changes in interest rates, inflation, or the financial markets could affect demand for our products. A worsening of business and economic conditions generally or specifically in the principal markets in which we conduct business could have adverse effects on our business, including the following:
•A decrease in the demand for, or the availability of, loans and other products and services offered by us;
•A decrease in the value of our loans held for sale or other assets secured by consumer or commercial real estate;
•An impairment of certain intangible assets, such as goodwill;
•A decrease in interest income from variable rate loans, due to declines in interest rates; and
•An increase in the number of clients and counterparties who become delinquent, file for protection under bankruptcy laws or default on their loans or other obligations to us, which could result in a higher level of nonperforming assets, net charge-offs, provisions for credit losses, and valuation adjustments on loans held for sale.
In the event of severely adverse business and economic conditions generally or specifically in the principal markets in which we conduct business, there can be no assurance that the federal government and the Federal Reserve would intervene. Further, the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic (including variant strains and resurgences of the COVID-19 virus) and its effects on the U.S. and global economy remains uncertain, as does the success of any measures taken or that may be taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which ultimately may not be sufficient to address the specific effects of the pandemic or avert severe and prolonged reductions in economic activity. If economic conditions worsen or volatility increases, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
Volatility and uncertainty related to inflation and the effects of inflation, which may lead to increased costs for businesses and consumers and potentially contribute to poor business and economic conditions generally, may enhance or contribute to some of the risks discussed herein. For example, higher inflation, or volatility and uncertainty related to inflation, could reduce demand for the our products, adversely affect the creditworthiness of the Company’s borrowers or result in lower values for our investment securities and other interest-earning assets. In response to sustained inflationary pressures, the Federal Reserve increased interest rates by 25 basis points on March 16, 2022, by 50 basis points on May 4, 2022, by 75 basis points on June 15, 2022, and by an additional 75 basis points on July 27, 2022. The Federal Reserve has also signaled its intention to continue to raise interest rates over the course of 2022 and has announced that it will begin to taper its purchases of agency mortgage-backed securities and treasury securities. To the extent these policies do not mitigate the volatility and uncertainty related to inflation and the effects of inflation, or to the extent conditions otherwise worsen, we could experience adverse effects on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Fluctuations in market interest rates may adversely affect our performance.
Our profitability depends to a large extent on our net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income received on interest-earning assets (primarily loans, leases, investment securities and cash balances held at the FRB) and the interest expense incurred in connection with interest-bearing liabilities (primarily deposits and borrowings). The level of net interest income is primarily a function of the average balance of interest-earning assets, the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities and the spread between the yield on such assets and the cost of such liabilities. These factors are influenced by both the pricing and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities which, in turn, are impacted by external factors such as the local economy, competition for loans and deposits, the monetary policy of the FOMC and interest rates markets.
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The cost of our deposits and short-term wholesale borrowings is largely based on market-based liquidity and short-term interest rates, the level of which is influenced heavily by the FOMC’s monetary policy. However, the yields generated by our loans and securities are typically driven by both short-term and longer-term interest rates. Longer-term rates are affected by multiple factors including the actions of the FOMC such as quantitative easing or tightening, as well as the market’s expectations for future inflation, growth and other economic considerations. The level of net interest income is, therefore, influenced by the overall level of interest rates along with the shape of the yield curve. Interest rate volatility can reduce unrealized gains or create unrealized losses in our portfolios. If the interest rates on our interest-bearing liabilities increase at a faster pace than the interest rates on our interest-earning assets, our net interest income may decline. Our net interest income would be similarly affected if the interest rates on our interest-earning assets declined at a faster pace than the interest rates on our interest-bearing liabilities.
The low benchmark federal funds interest rate of the last several years implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic is ending. The Federal Reserve increased the benchmark federal funds interest rate by 25 basis points on March 16, 2022, by 50 basis points on May 4, 2022, by 75 basis points on June 15, 2022, and by an additional 75 basis points on July 27, 2022. The Federal Reserve has signaled that there will be additional federal funds interest rate increases during the remainder of 2022. While an increasing rate environment would have a positive impact on net interest income, increasing rates would also increase debt service requirements for some of our borrowers and may adversely affect those borrowers’ ability to pay as contractually obligated and could result in additional delinquencies or charge-offs. Our results of operations and financial condition may also be adversely affected as a result. Conversely, should interest rates move lower, we would expect modest declines in net interest income over the next twelve months given the protection that remains in place from the Company’s interest rate hedging program.
For a more detailed discussion of these risks and our management strategies for these risks, see the “First Quarter Overview”, “Net Interest Income and Margin,” “Market Risk-Interest Rate Risk” and “Securities” sections of Item 2. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the “Executive Overview”, “Net Interest Income, Margin and Interest Rate Risk,” “Net Interest Income and Margin,” “Market Risk-Interest Rate Risk” and “Securities” sections of Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
We are subject to extensive governmental regulation, which could have an adverse impact on our operations.
We are subject to extensive state and federal regulation, supervision and examination governing almost all aspects of our operations, which limits the businesses in which we may permissibly engage. The laws and regulations governing our business are intended primarily for the protection of our depositors, our customers, the financial system and the FDIC insurance fund, not our shareholders or other creditors. These laws and regulations govern a variety of matters, including certain debt obligations, changes in control, maintenance of adequate capital, and general business operations and financial condition (including permissible types, amounts and terms of loans and investments, the amount of reserves against deposits, restrictions on dividends and repurchases of our capital securities, establishment of branch offices, and the maximum interest rate that may be charged by law). Further, we must obtain approval from our regulators before engaging in many activities, and our regulators have the ability to compel us to, or restrict us from, taking certain actions entirely. There can be no assurance that any regulatory approvals we may require or otherwise seek will be obtained.
Regulations affecting banks and other financial institutions are undergoing continuous review and frequently change, and the ultimate effect of such changes cannot be predicted. Regulations and laws may be modified or repealed at any time, and new legislation may be enacted that will affect us, Regions Bank and our subsidiaries, including any changes resulting from the recent change in U.S. presidential administration and change in control of the U.S. Senate.
In addition, as climate change issues become more prevalent, the U.S. and foreign governments are beginning to respond to these issues. The increasing governmental focus on climate change may result in new environmental regulations, including disclosure required by the SEC, that could result in additional compliance costs.
Any changes in any federal and state law, as well as regulations and governmental policies, income tax laws and accounting principles, could affect us in substantial and unpredictable ways, including ways that may adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. Failure to appropriately comply with any such laws, regulations or principles could result in sanctions by regulatory agencies, civil money penalties or damage to our reputation, all of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. Our regulatory capital position is discussed in greater detail in the "Regulatory Requirements" section in Item 1. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Results of Operations of this Form 10-Q and Note 12 “Regulatory Capital Requirements and Restrictions” to the consolidated financial statements in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Information concerning Regions’ repurchases of its outstanding common stock during the three month period ended June 30, 2022, is set forth in the following table:
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Period |  |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Maximum Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
April 1-30, 2022 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 2,500,000,000 |
May 1-31, 2022 |  |  | 725,000 |  |  | $ | 21.13 |  |  | 725,000 |  |  | $ | 2,484,668,083 |
June 1-30, 2022 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 2,484,668,083 |
Total Second Quarter |  |  | 725,000 |  |  | $ | 21.13 |  |  | 725,000 |  |  | $ | 2,484,668,083 |

On April 20, 2022, the Board authorized the repurchase of up to $2.5 billion of the Company's common stock, permitting purchases from the second quarter of 2022 through the fourth quarter of 2024.
As of June 30, 2022, Regions repurchased approximately 725 thousand shares of common stock at a total cost of $15 million under this plan. All of these shares were immediately retired upon repurchase and, therefore, were not included in treasury stock.
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Item 6. Exhibits
The following is a list of exhibits including items incorporated by reference

3.1 |  | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 10-Q filed by registrant on August 6, 2012.
3.2 |  | Certificate of Designations, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Form 8-A filed by registrant on April 28, 2014.
3.3 |  | Certificate of Designations, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Form 8-A filed by registrant on April 29, 2019.
3.4 |  | Certificate of Designations, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 8-K filed by registrant on June 5, 2020.
3.5 |  | Certificate of Designations, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.6 to the Form 8-A filed by registrant on May 3, 2021.
3.6 |  | By-laws as amended and restated, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Form 8-K filed by registrant on July 21, 2021.
31.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32 |  | Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101 |  | The following materials from Regions' Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income; (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity; (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (vi) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
104 |  | The cover page of Regions' Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022, formatted in Inline XBRL (included within the Exhibit 101 attachments).

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

DATE: August 5, 2022 |  | Regions Financial Corporation
|  | /S/ Karin K. Allen
|  | Karin K. Allen Executive Vice President and Assistant Controller (Chief Accounting Officer and Authorized Officer)

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