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Debt Securities
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Securities mortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and estimated fair value of debt securities held to maturity and debt securities available for sale are as follows:
 December 31, 2023
Recognized in OCI (1)
Not recognized in OCI
 Amortized
Cost
Gross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesCarrying ValueGross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair
Value
 (In millions)
Debt securities held to maturity:
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential agency$247 $— $(8)$239 $— $(16)$223 
Commercial agency516 — (1)515 — (22)493 
$763 $— $(9)$754 $— $(38)$716 
Debt securities available for sale:
U.S. Treasury securities$1,322 $— $(99)$1,223 $1,223 
Federal agency securities1,085 (46)1,043 1,043 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions— — 
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential agency19,450 52 (2,130)17,372 17,372 
Commercial agency7,807 (502)7,307 7,307 
Commercial non-agency93 — (10)83 83 
Corporate and other debt securities1,105 (35)1,074 1,074 
$30,864 $62 $(2,822)$28,104 $28,104 
 
 
December 31, 2022
Recognized in OCI (1)
Not recognized in OCI
 Amortized
Cost
Gross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesCarrying ValueGross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair
Value
 (In millions)
Debt securities held to maturity:
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential agency$289 $— $(10)$279 $— $(21)$258 
Commercial agency523 — (1)522 — (29)493 
$812 $— $(11)$801 $— $(50)$751 
Debt securities available for sale:
U.S. Treasury securities$1,310 $— $(123)$1,187 $1,187 
Federal agency securities898 — (62)836 836 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions— — 
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential agency19,477 — (2,523)16,954 16,954 
Residential non-agency— — 
Commercial agency8,262 — (649)7,613 7,613 
Commercial non-agency198 — (12)186 186 
Corporate and other debt securities1,219 (66)1,154 1,154 
$31,367 $$(3,435)$27,933 $27,933 
_________
(1)The gross unrealized losses recognized in OCI on securities held to maturity resulted from a transfer of securities available for sale to held to maturity in the second quarter of 2013.
Debt securities with carrying values of $24.0 billion and $8.8 billion at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, were pledged to secure public funds, trust deposits and other borrowing arrangements.
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities held to maturity and debt securities available for sale at December 31, 2023, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
Amortized
Cost
Estimated
Fair Value
 (In millions)
Debt securities held to maturity:
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential agency$247 $223 
Commercial agency516 493 
$763 $716 
Debt securities available for sale:
Due in one year or less$369 $363 
Due after one year through five years2,600 2,455 
Due after five years through ten years390 384 
Due after ten years155 140 
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential agency19,450 17,372 
Commercial agency7,807 7,307 
Commercial non-agency93 83 
$30,864 $28,104 
The following tables present gross unrealized losses and the related estimated fair value of debt securities held to maturity and debt securities available for sale at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. For debt securities transferred to held to maturity from available for sale, the analysis in the tables below compares the securities' original amortized cost to its current estimated fair value. All securities in an unrealized position are segregated between investments that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than twelve months and for twelve months or more.
 December 31, 2023
 Less Than Twelve MonthsTwelve Months or MoreTotal
 Estimated
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 (In millions)
Debt securities held to maturity:
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential agency$— $— $223 $(23)$223 $(23)
Commercial agency— — 493 (23)493 (23)
$— $— $716 $(46)$716 $(46)
Debt securities available for sale:
U.S Treasury securities$$— $1,201 $(99)$1,207 $(99)
Federal agency securities237 (5)666 (41)903 (46)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential agency241 (3)15,144 (2,127)15,385 (2,130)
Commercial agency612 (7)6,583 (495)7,195 (502)
Commercial non-agency— — 82 (10)82 (10)
Corporate and other debt securities23 — 879 (35)902 (35)
$1,119 $(15)$24,555 $(2,807)$25,674 $(2,822)
 
 December 31, 2022
 Less Than Twelve MonthsTwelve Months or MoreTotal
 Estimated
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 (In millions)
Debt securities held to maturity:
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential agency$251 $(29)$$(1)$258 $(30)
Commercial agency469 (26)24 (4)493 (30)
$720 $(55)$31 $(5)$751 $(60)
Debt securities available for sale:
U.S. Treasury securities$276 $(8)$903 $(115)$1,179 $(123)
Federal agency securities766 (50)53 (12)819 (62)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential agency9,350 (1,005)7,578 (1,518)16,928 (2,523)
Commercial agency6,110 (400)1,503 (249)7,613 (649)
Commercial non-agency141 (8)45 (4)186 (12)
Corporate and other debt securities736 (36)354 (30)1,090 (66)
$17,379 $(1,507)$10,436 $(1,928)$27,815 $(3,435)
The number of individual debt positions in an unrealized loss position in the tables above decreased to 1,703 at December 31, 2023 from 1,806 at December 31, 2022. The decrease in the number of securities and the total amount of unrealized losses from year-end 2022 was due to maturities in the portfolio along with no reinvestment for a portion of 2023. The decrease in the total amount of unrealized losses was also impacted by changes in market interest rates. In instances where an unrealized loss existed, there was no indication of an adverse change in credit on the underlying positions in the tables above. As it relates to these positions, management believes no individual unrealized loss represented credit impairment as of those dates. At December 31, 2023, the Company does not intend to sell, and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell, the positions before the recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be at maturity.
Gross realized gains and gross realized losses on sales of debt securities available for sale were immaterial for 2023, 2022 and 2021. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. As part of the Company's normal process for evaluating impairment, credit-related impairment identified by management was immaterial for 2023. No credit-related impairment was identified by management for 2022 and 2021.