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Debt Securities | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2025
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] |
Securities | NOTE 3. DEBT SECURITIES The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and estimated fair value of debt securities held to maturity and debt securities available for sale are as follows:
| March 31, 2025
|  |  | Recognized in OCI (1) |  |  |  | Not recognized in OCI |  |
| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Carrying Value |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value
| (In millions)
Debt securities held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential agency | $ | 5,565 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (875) |  |  | $ | 4,690 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (119) |  |  | $ | 4,571 |
Commercial agency | 505 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 505 |  |  | — |  |  | (13) |  |  | 492 |
| $ | 6,070 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (875) |  |  | $ | 5,195 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (132) |  |  | $ | 5,063 |
Debt securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities | $ | 2,129 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | (74) |  |  | $ | 2,061 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,061 |
Federal agency securities | 493 |  |  | 4 |  |  | (12) |  |  | 485 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 485 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential agency | 19,600 |  |  | 59 |  |  | (1,076) |  |  | 18,583 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18,583 |
Commercial agency | 4,309 |  |  | 7 |  |  | (221) |  |  | 4,095 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,095 |
Commercial non-agency | 92 |  |  | — |  |  | (9) |  |  | 83 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 83 |
Corporate and other debt securities | 640 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (10) |  |  | 633 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 633 |
| $ | 27,265 |  |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | (1,402) |  |  | $ | 25,942 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 25,942 |
| December 31, 2024
|  |  | Recognized in OCI (1) |  |  |  | Not recognized in OCI |  |
| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Carrying Value |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value
| (In millions)
Debt securities held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential agency | $ | 4,663 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (743) |  |  | $ | 3,920 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (186) |  |  | $ | 3,734 |
Commercial agency | 507 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 507 |  |  | — |  |  | (15) |  |  | 492 |
| $ | 5,170 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (743) |  |  | $ | 4,427 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (201) |  |  | $ | 4,226 |
Debt securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities | $ | 2,088 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (87) |  |  | $ | 2,003 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,003 |
Federal agency securities | 460 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (17) |  |  | 444 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 444 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential agency | 20,482 |  |  | 20 |  |  | (1,557) |  |  | 18,945 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18,945 |
Commercial agency | 4,389 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (300) |  |  | 4,090 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,090 |
Commercial non-agency | 92 |  |  | — |  |  | (10) |  |  | 82 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 82 |
Corporate and other debt securities | 670 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (14) |  |  | 658 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 658 |
| $ | 28,183 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | (1,985) |  |  | $ | 26,224 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 26,224 |
_________ (1)Debt securities held to maturity gross unrealized losses recognized in OCI resulted from transfers of securities available for sale. In the first quarter of 2025, the Company reclassified debt securities with an amortized cost, excluding items recognized in OCI, of $1.0 billion from available for sale to held to maturity. The Company determined it has both the positive intent and ability to hold these debt securities to maturity. The debt securities were transferred at amortized cost, in addition to the amount of any remaining unrealized holding gain or loss reported in AOCI, and represented a non-cash transaction. OCI included net pre-tax unrealized losses of $153 million at the date of transfer and the offsetting OCI components are being amortized into net interest income over the remaining life of the related debt securities as a yield adjustment, resulting in no impact on future net income. Debt securities with carrying values of $21.0 billion and $20.9 billion at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, were pledged to secure public funds, trust deposits and other borrowing arrangements. The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities held to maturity and debt securities available for sale at March 31, 2025, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
| Amortized Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value
| (In millions)
Debt securities held to maturity: |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |
Residential agency | $ | 5,565 |  |  | $ | 4,571 |
Commercial agency | 505 |  |  | 492 |
| $ | 6,070 |  |  | $ | 5,063 |
Debt securities available for sale: |  |  |
Due in one year or less | $ | 374 |  |  | $ | 369 |
Due after one year through five years | 1,979 |  |  | 1,922 |
Due after five years through ten years | 835 |  |  | 817 |
Due after ten years | 76 |  |  | 73 |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |
Residential agency | 19,600 |  |  | 18,583 |
Commercial agency | 4,309 |  |  | 4,095 |
Commercial non-agency | 92 |  |  | 83 |
| $ | 27,265 |  |  | $ | 25,942 |
The following tables present gross unrealized losses and the related estimated fair value of debt securities held to maturity and debt securities available for sale at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. For debt securities transferred to held to maturity from available for sale, the analysis in the tables below compares the debt securities' original amortized cost to its current estimated fair value. All debt securities in an unrealized position are segregated between investments that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than twelve months and for twelve months or more.
| March 31, 2025
| Less Than Twelve Months |  | Twelve Months or More |  | Total
| Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses
| (In millions)
Debt securities held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential agency | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,571 |  |  | $ | (994) |  |  | $ | 4,571 |  |  | $ | (994) |
Commercial agency | — |  |  | — |  |  | 492 |  |  | (13) |  |  | 492 |  |  | (13) |
| $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,063 |  |  | $ | (1,007) |  |  | $ | 5,063 |  |  | $ | (1,007) |
Debt securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S Treasury securities | $ | 539 |  |  | $ | (12) |  |  | $ | 1,020 |  |  | $ | (62) |  |  | $ | 1,559 |  |  | $ | (74) |
Federal agency securities | 76 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 183 |  |  | (11) |  |  | 259 |  |  | (12) |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential agency | 5,798 |  |  | (102) |  |  | 8,421 |  |  | (974) |  |  | 14,219 |  |  | (1,076) |
Commercial agency | 902 |  |  | (21) |  |  | 2,718 |  |  | (200) |  |  | 3,620 |  |  | (221) |
Commercial non-agency | — |  |  | — |  |  | 83 |  |  | (9) |  |  | 83 |  |  | (9) |
Corporate and other debt securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 305 |  |  | (10) |  |  | 305 |  |  | (10) |
| $ | 7,315 |  |  | $ | (136) |  |  | $ | 12,730 |  |  | $ | (1,266) |  |  | $ | 20,045 |  |  | $ | (1,402) |
| December 31, 2024
| Less Than Twelve Months |  | Twelve Months or More |  | Total
| Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses
| (In millions)
Debt securities held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential agency | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,734 |  |  | $ | (929) |  |  | $ | 3,734 |  |  | $ | (929) |
Commercial agency | — |  |  | — |  |  | 492 |  |  | (15) |  |  | 492 |  |  | (15) |
| $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,226 |  |  | $ | (944) |  |  | $ | 4,226 |  |  | $ | (944) |
Debt securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities | $ | 612 |  |  | $ | (14) |  |  | $ | 1,033 |  |  | $ | (73) |  |  | $ | 1,645 |  |  | $ | (87) |
Federal agency securities | 155 |  |  | (3) |  |  | 195 |  |  | (14) |  |  | 350 |  |  | (17) |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential agency | 8,012 |  |  | (203) |  |  | 9,605 |  |  | (1,354) |  |  | 17,617 |  |  | (1,557) |
Commercial agency | 1,043 |  |  | (35) |  |  | 2,991 |  |  | (265) |  |  | 4,034 |  |  | (300) |
Commercial non-agency | — |  |  | — |  |  | 82 |  |  | (10) |  |  | 82 |  |  | (10) |
Corporate and other debt securities | 59 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 397 |  |  | (13) |  |  | 456 |  |  | (14) |
| $ | 9,881 |  |  | $ | (256) |  |  | $ | 14,303 |  |  | $ | (1,729) |  |  | $ | 24,184 |  |  | $ | (1,985) |
The number of individual debt security positions in an unrealized loss position in the tables above decreased to 1,570 at March 31, 2025 from 1,722 at December 31, 2024. The decrease in the total amount of unrealized losses was impacted by changes in market interest rates. In instances where an unrealized loss existed, there was no indication of an adverse change in credit on the underlying positions in the tables above. As it relates to these positions, management believes no individual unrealized loss represented credit impairment as of those dates. At March 31, 2025, the Company does not intend to sell, and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell, the positions before the recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be at maturity. Gross realized losses on sales of debt securities available for sale totaled $26 million and gross realized gains totaled $1 million for three months ended March 31, 2025. Therefore, the Company recognized net realized losses of $25 million for three months ended March 31, 2025. Gross realized losses on sales of debt securities available for sale for three months ended March 31, 2024 totaled $50 million while gross realized gains were zero. The cost of debt securities sold is based on the specific identification method. As part of the Company's normal process for evaluating impairment, including credit-related impairment, impairment identified by management was immaterial for both three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

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