Segment Reporting

Carlyle conducts its operations through four reportable segments:

Corporate Private Equity – The Corporate Private Equity segment is comprised of the Partnership’s operations that advise a diverse group of funds that invest in buyout and growth capital transactions that focus on either a particular geography or a particular industry.

Real Assets – The Real Assets segment is comprised of the Partnership’s operations that advise U.S. and international funds focused on real estate, infrastructure, energy and renewable energy transactions.

Global Market Strategies – The Global Market Strategies segment advises a group of funds that pursue investment opportunities across various types of credit, equities and alternative instruments, and (as regards certain macroeconomic strategies) currencies, and interest rate products and their derivatives. We have exited our hedge fund business (ESG in 2016 and Claren Road in January 2017) and are in the process of winding down our remaining commodities positions.

Investment Solutions – The Investment Solutions segment advises global private equity fund of funds programs and related co-investment and secondary activities through AlpInvest. This segment also includes Metropolitan, a global manager of real estate fund of funds and related co-investment and secondary activities, and for the three months ended March 31, 2016, Diversified Global Asset Management ("DGAM"). The Partnership wound down the operations of DGAM throughout 2016.

The Partnership’s reportable business segments are differentiated by their various investment focuses and strategies. Overhead costs are generally allocated based on direct base compensation expense for each segment. The Partnership includes adjustments to reflect the Partnership’s economic interests in Claren Road (through January 2017), ESG (through June 2016), and Vermillion. Beginning in July 2015 in connection with the departure of certain Vermillion principals and the restructuring of its operations, the Partnership's economic interests were increased in stages and is 88% (to the extent Vermillion exceeds certain performance hurdles). Otherwise, the Partnership's economic interest, and share of management fees of Vermillion, is 100%. Effective January 1, 2016, the Partnership's economic interest in Claren Road increased from 55% to 63% as a result of reallocation of interest from a departing founder. On January 31, 2017, the Partnership transferred all of its economic interests in Claren Road to its founders (see Note 10). The Partnership’s earnings from its investment in NGP are presented in the respective operating captions within the Real Assets segment. The net income or loss from the consolidation of Urbplan allocable to the Partnership (after consideration of amounts allocable to non-controlling interests) is presented within investment income in the Real Assets segment.

Economic Net Income (“ENI”) and its components are key performance measures used by management to make operating decisions and assess the performance of the Partnership’s reportable segments. ENI differs from income (loss) before provision for income taxes computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP in that it includes certain tax expenses associated with performance fees, and does not include net income (loss) attributable to non-Carlyle interests in consolidated entities or charges (credits) related to Carlyle corporate actions and non-recurring items. Charges (credits) related to Carlyle corporate actions and non-recurring items include: charges associated with equity-based compensation that was issued in the initial public offering in May 2012 or is issued in acquisitions or strategic investments, changes in the tax receivable agreement liability, amortization and any impairment charges associated with acquired intangible assets, transaction costs associated with acquisitions, charges associated with earnouts and contingent consideration including gains and losses associated with the estimated fair value of contingent consideration issued in conjunction with acquisitions or strategic investments, gains and losses from the retirement of debt, charges associated with contract terminations and employee severance.

Fee Related Earnings (“FRE”) is a component of ENI and is used to assess the ability of the business to cover direct base compensation and operating expenses from total fee revenues. FRE differs from income (loss) before provision for income taxes computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP in that it adjusts for the items included in the calculation of ENI and also adjusts ENI to exclude net performance fees, investment income from investments in Carlyle funds, equity-based compensation and certain general, administrative and other expenses when the timing of any future payment is uncertain.

Distributable Earnings (“DE”) is FRE plus realized net performance fees and realized investment income, and is used to assess performance and amounts potentially available for distribution. DE is used by management primarily in making resource deployment and compensation decisions across the Partnership’s four reportable segments. Management also uses Distributable Earnings in our budgeting, forecasting, and the overall management of our segments. Management makes operating decisions and assesses the performance of each of the Partnership’s business segments based on financial and operating metrics and data that is presented without the consolidation of any of the Consolidated Funds. Consequently, the key performance measures discussed above and all segment data exclude the assets, liabilities and operating results related to the Consolidated Funds.

The following table presents the financial data for the Partnership’s four reportable segments as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2017:



	March 31, 2017 and the Three Months Then Ended
	Corporate Private Equity		Real Assets			Global Market Strategies		Investment Solutions		Total
	(Dollars in millions)
Segment Revenues
Fund level fee revenues
Fund management fees	$	115.7	$	56.0		$	48.1	$	35.8	$	255.6
Portfolio advisory fees, net	3.8		0.1			0.1		—		4.0
Transaction fees, net	7.7		—			—		—		7.7
Total fund level fee revenues	127.2		56.1			48.2		35.8		267.3
Performance fees
Realized	51.3		13.5			5.6		12.6		83.0
Unrealized	515.3		78.7			14.5		23.2		631.7
Total performance fees	566.6		92.2			20.1		35.8		714.7
Investment income (loss)
Realized	0.2		(8.1		)	2.4		0.1		(5.4		)
Unrealized	5.5		5.2			4.2		1.1		16.0
Total investment income (loss)	5.7		(2.9		)	6.6		1.2		10.6
Interest income	1.1		0.6			1.6		0.1		3.4
Other income	1.3		0.4			3.4		0.1		5.2
Total revenues	701.9		146.4			79.9		73.0		1,001.2
Segment Expenses
Compensation and benefits
Direct base compensation	55.4		19.7			17.1		16.1		108.3
Indirect base compensation	18.7		10.9			6.6		2.8		39.0
Equity-based compensation	15.0		8.8			4.3		2.0		30.1
Performance fee related
Realized	26.1		6.8			2.7		12.1		47.7
Unrealized	227.8		19.3			6.8		19.0		272.9
Total compensation and benefits	343.0		65.5			37.5		52.0		498.0
General, administrative, and other indirect expenses	35.0		15.6			23.2		6.8		80.6
Depreciation and amortization expense	3.7		1.8			1.2		0.8		7.5
Interest expense	6.8		4.1			2.6		1.5		15.0
Total expenses	388.5		87.0			64.5		61.1		601.1
Economic Net Income	$	313.4	$	59.4		$	15.4	$	11.9	$	400.1
(-) Net Performance Fees	312.7		66.1			10.6		4.7		394.1
(-) Investment Income (Loss)	5.7		(2.9		)	6.6		1.2		10.6
(+) Equity-based Compensation	15.0		8.8			4.3		2.0		30.1
(=) Fee Related Earnings	$	10.0	$	5.0		$	2.5	$	8.0	$	25.5
(+) Realized Net Performance Fees	25.2		6.7			2.9		0.5		35.3
(+) Realized Investment Income (Loss)	0.2		(8.1		)	2.4		0.1		(5.4		)
(=) Distributable Earnings	$	35.4	$	3.6		$	7.8	$	8.6	$	55.4
Segment assets as of March 31, 2017	$	2,967.8	$	1,640.9		$	716.7	$	889.9	$	6,215.3

The following table presents the financial data for the Partnership’s four reportable segments for the three months ended March 31, 2016:



	Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
	Corporate Private Equity			Real Assets			Global Market Strategies			Investment Solutions			Total
	(Dollars in millions)
Segment Revenues
Fund level fee revenues
Fund management fees	$	127.2		$	65.2		$	51.1		$	36.4		$	279.9
Portfolio advisory fees, net	3.1			—			0.1			—			3.2
Transaction fees, net	20.3			—			—			—			20.3
Total fund level fee revenues	150.6			65.2			51.2			36.4			303.4
Performance fees
Realized	126.2			1.8			1.8			2.2			132.0
Unrealized	(93.1		)	97.7			(0.3		)	11.7			16.0
Total performance fees	33.1			99.5			1.5			13.9			148.0
Investment income (loss)
Realized	4.5			2.2			0.8			—			7.5
Unrealized	(6.1		)	(4.7		)	(2.1		)	(1.0		)	(13.9		)
Total investment income (loss)	(1.6		)	(2.5		)	(1.3		)	(1.0		)	(6.4		)
Interest income	0.9			0.5			1.5			0.1			3.0
Other income	1.5			0.4			1.1			0.1			3.1
Total revenues	184.5			163.1			54.0			49.5			451.1
Segment Expenses
Compensation and benefits
Direct base compensation	59.8			20.2			23.2			18.6			121.8
Indirect base compensation	19.6			9.2			8.2			2.8			39.8
Equity-based compensation	17.8			6.2			5.0			2.4			31.4
Performance fee related
Realized	58.6			0.8			0.8			1.7			61.9
Unrealized	(44.7		)	44.8			(1.1		)	11.8			10.8
Total compensation and benefits	111.1			81.2			36.1			37.3			265.7
General, administrative, and other indirect expenses	30.9			14.9			19.2			9.4			74.4
Depreciation and amortization expense	3.4			1.5			1.5			0.9			7.3
Interest expense	6.9			4.0			2.7			1.6			15.2
Total expenses	152.3			101.6			59.5			49.2			362.6
Economic Net Income (Loss)	$	32.2		$	61.5		$	(5.5	)	$	0.3		$	88.5
(-) Net Performance Fees	19.2			53.9			1.8			0.4			75.3
(-) Investment Loss	(1.6		)	(2.5		)	(1.3		)	(1.0		)	(6.4		)
(+) Equity-based Compensation	17.8			6.2			5.0			2.4			31.4
(=) Fee Related Earnings	$	32.4		$	16.3		$	(1.0	)	$	3.3		$	51.0
(+) Realized Net Performance Fees	67.6			1.0			1.0			0.5			70.1
(+) Realized Investment Income	4.5			2.2			0.8			—			7.5
(=) Distributable Earnings	$	104.5		$	19.5		$	0.8		$	3.8		$	128.6

The following table reconciles the Total Segments to the Partnership’s Income Before Provision for Taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, and Total Assets as of March 31, 2017.



	March 31, 2017 and the Three Months Then Ended
	Total Reportable Segments		Consolidated Funds		Reconciling Items				Carlyle Consolidated
	Total Reportable Segments		Consolidated Funds		Reconciling Items				Carlyle Consolidated
	(Dollars in millions)
Revenues	$	1,001.2	$	42.9	$	76.0		(a)	$	1,120.1
Expenses	$	601.1	$	53.0	$	155.4		(b)	$	809.5
Other income	$	—	$	17.1	$	—		(c)	$	17.1
Economic net income	$	400.1	$	7.0	$	(79.4	)	(d)	$	327.7
Total assets	$	6,215.3	$	4,343.0	$	(183.1	)	(e)	$	10,375.2



	Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
	Total Reportable Segments		Consolidated Funds			Reconciling Items				Carlyle Consolidated
	Total Reportable Segments		Consolidated Funds			Reconciling Items				Carlyle Consolidated
	(Dollars in millions)
Revenues	$	451.1	$	28.9		$	3.1		(a)	$	483.1
Expenses	$	362.6	$	29.7		$	67.1		(b)	$	459.4
Other income	$	—	$	(8.4	)	$	—		(c)	$	(8.4	)
Economic net income	$	88.5	$	(9.2	)	$	(64.0	)	(d)	$	15.3

(a)

The Revenues adjustment principally represents fund management and performance fees earned from the Consolidated Funds which were eliminated in consolidation to arrive at the Partnership’s total revenues, adjustments for amounts attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities, adjustments related to expenses associated with the investments in NGP Management and its affiliates that are included in operating captions or are excluded from the segment results, adjustments to reflect the Partnership’s share of Urbplan’s net losses as a component of investment income, the inclusion of tax expenses associated with certain performance fees, and adjustments to reflect the Partnership’s ownership interests in Claren Road (through January 2017), ESG (through June 2016), and Vermillion that were included in Revenues in the Partnership’s segment reporting.

(b)

The Expenses adjustment represents the elimination of intercompany expenses of the Consolidated Funds payable to the Partnership, the inclusion of certain tax expenses associated with performance fee compensation, adjustments related to expenses associated with the investment in NGP Management that are included in operating captions, adjustments to reflect the Partnership’s share of Urbplan’s net losses as a component of investment income, changes in the tax receivable agreement liability, charges and credits associated with Carlyle corporate actions and non-recurring items and adjustments to reflect the Partnership’s economic interests in Claren Road (through January 2017), ESG (through June 2016), and Vermillion, as detailed below (Dollars in millions):



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017			2016
Equity-based compensation issued in conjunction with the initial public offering, acquisitions and strategic investments	$	67.0		$	45.4
Acquisition related charges, including amortization of intangibles and impairment	8.8			17.7
Other non-operating expense	—			3.8
Tax expense associated with performance fees	(2.9		)	(3.3		)
Non-Carlyle economic interests in acquired businesses and the consolidated real estate VIE	87.5			2.4
Severance and other adjustments	2.8			7.4
Elimination of expenses of Consolidated Funds	(7.8		)	(6.3		)
	$	155.4		$	67.1


(c)	The Other Income (Loss) adjustment results from the Consolidated Funds which were eliminated in consolidation to arrive at the Partnership’s total Other Income (Loss).


(d)	The following table is a reconciliation of Income Before Provision for Income Taxes to Economic Net Income, to Fee Related Earnings, and to Distributable Earnings (Dollars in millions):



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017			2016
Income before provision for income taxes	$	327.7		$	15.3
Adjustments:
Equity-based compensation issued in conjunction with the initial public offering, acquisitions and strategic investments	67.0			45.4
Acquisition related charges, including amortization of intangibles and impairment	8.8			17.7
Other non-operating expense	—			3.8
Tax provision associated with performance fees	(2.9		)	(3.3		)
Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities	(3.3		)	2.3
Severance and other adjustments	2.8			7.3
Economic Net Income	$	400.1		$	88.5
Net performance fees⁽¹⁾	394.1			75.3
Investment income (loss)⁽¹⁾	10.6			(6.4		)
Equity-based compensation	30.1			31.4
Fee Related Earnings	$	25.5		$	51.0
Realized performance fees, net of related compensation	35.3			70.1
Realized investment income (loss)⁽¹⁾	(5.4		)	7.5
Distributable Earnings	$	55.4		$	128.6

(1) See reconciliation to most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure below:



	Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
	Carlyle Consolidated			Adjustments ⁽²⁾			Total Reportable Segments
	(Dollars in millions)
Performance fees
Realized	$	83.2		$	(0.2	)	$	83.0
Unrealized	598.4			33.3			631.7
Total performance fees	681.6			33.1			714.7
Performance fee related compensation expense
Realized	45.8			1.9			47.7
Unrealized	271.3			1.6			272.9
Total performance fee related compensation expense	317.1			3.5			320.6
Net performance fees
Realized	37.4			(2.1		)	35.3
Unrealized	327.1			31.7			358.8
Total net performance fees	$	364.5		$	29.6		$	394.1
Investment income (loss)
Realized	$	(0.2	)	$	(5.2	)	$	(5.4	)
Unrealized	46.5			(30.5		)	16.0
Investment income (loss)	$	46.3		$	(35.7	)	$	10.6



	Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
	Carlyle Consolidated			Adjustments ⁽²⁾			Total Reportable Segments
	(Dollars in millions)
Performance fees
Realized	$	131.8		$	0.2		$	132.0
Unrealized	13.4			2.6			16.0
Total performance fees	145.2			2.8			148.0
Performance fee related compensation expense
Realized	61.6			0.3			61.9
Unrealized	7.9			2.9			10.8
Total performance fee related compensation expense	69.5			3.2			72.7
Net performance fees
Realized	70.2			(0.1		)	70.1
Unrealized	5.5			(0.3		)	5.2
Total net performance fees	$	75.7		$	(0.4	)	$	75.3
Investment income (loss)
Realized	$	12.6		$	(5.1	)	$	7.5
Unrealized	(22.2		)	8.3			(13.9		)
Total investment income (loss)	$	(9.6	)	$	3.2		$	(6.4	)

(2) Adjustments to performance fees and investment income (loss) relate to (i) amounts earned from the Consolidated Funds, which were eliminated in the U.S. GAAP consolidation but were included in the segment results, (ii) amounts attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities, which were excluded from the segment results, (iii) the reclassification of NGP performance fees, which are included in investment income in U.S. GAAP financial statements, and (iv) the reclassification of certain tax expenses associated with performance fees. Adjustments to investment income (loss) also include the reclassification of earnings for the investments in NGP Management and its affiliates to the appropriate operating captions for the segment results, the exclusion of charges associated with the investment in NGP Management and its affiliates that are excluded from the segment results, and adjustments to reflect the Partnership’s share of Urbplan’s net losses as investment losses for the segment results. Adjustments are also included in these financial statement captions to reflect the Partnership’s economic interests in Claren Road (through January 2017), ESG (through June 2016), and Vermillion.

(e) The Total Assets adjustment represents the addition of the assets of the Consolidated Funds that were eliminated in consolidation to arrive at the Partnership’s total assets.