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Segment Reporting
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Reporting
Segment Reporting
Carlyle conducts its operations through four reportable segments:
Corporate Private Equity – The Corporate Private Equity segment is comprised of the Partnership’s operations that advise a diverse group of funds that invest in buyout and growth capital transactions that focus on either a particular geography or a particular industry.
Real Assets – The Real Assets segment is comprised of the Partnership’s operations that advise U.S. and international funds focused on real estate, infrastructure, energy and renewable energy transactions.
Global Market Strategies – The Global Market Strategies segment advises a group of funds that pursue investment opportunities across various types of credit, equities and alternative instruments, and (as regards certain macroeconomic strategies) currencies, and interest rate products and their derivatives. We have now completed the exit of our hedge fund investment advisory and commodities investment advisory businesses.
Investment Solutions – The Investment Solutions segment advises global private equity fund of funds programs and related co-investment and secondary activities through AlpInvest. This segment also includes Metropolitan, a global manager of real estate fund of funds and related co-investment and secondary activities, and for the three months ended March 31, 2016, Diversified Global Asset Management ("DGAM"). The Partnership wound down the operations of DGAM throughout 2016.
The Partnership’s reportable business segments are differentiated by their various investment focuses and strategies. Overhead costs are generally allocated based on direct base compensation expense for each segment. The Partnership includes adjustments to reflect the Partnership’s economic interests in Claren Road (through January 2017) and ESG (through June 2016). Effective January 1, 2016, the Partnership's economic interest in Claren Road increased from 55% to 63% as a result of reallocation of interest from a departing founder. On January 31, 2017, the Partnership transferred all of its economic interests in Claren Road to its founders (see Note 9). The Partnership’s earnings from its investment in NGP are presented in the respective operating captions within the Real Assets segment. The net income or loss from the consolidation of Urbplan allocable to the Partnership (after consideration of amounts allocable to non-controlling interests) is presented within investment income in the Real Assets segment until the three months ended September 30, 2017 when Urbplan was deconsolidated from the Partnership's financial results (See Note15).
Economic Net Income (“ENI”) and its components are key performance measures used by management to make operating decisions and assess the performance of the Partnership’s reportable segments. ENI differs from income (loss) before provision for income taxes computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP in that it includes certain tax expenses associated with performance fees, and does not include net income (loss) attributable to non-Carlyle interests in consolidated entities or charges (credits) related to Carlyle corporate actions and non-recurring items. Charges (credits) related to Carlyle corporate actions and non-recurring items include: charges associated with equity-based compensation that was issued in the initial public offering in May 2012 or is issued in acquisitions or strategic investments, changes in the tax receivable agreement liability, amortization and any impairment charges associated with acquired intangible assets, transaction costs associated with acquisitions, charges associated with earnouts and contingent consideration including gains and losses associated with the estimated fair value of contingent consideration issued in conjunction with acquisitions or strategic investments, gains and losses from the retirement of debt, charges associated with contract terminations and employee severance.
Fee Related Earnings (“FRE”) is a component of ENI and is used to assess the ability of the business to cover direct base compensation and operating expenses from total fee revenues. FRE differs from income (loss) before provision for income taxes computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP in that it adjusts for the items included in the calculation of ENI and also adjusts ENI to exclude net performance fees, investment income from investments in Carlyle funds, equity-based compensation and certain general, administrative and other expenses when the timing of any future payment is uncertain.
Distributable Earnings (“DE”) is FRE plus realized net performance fees and realized investment income, and is used to assess performance and amounts potentially available for distribution. DE is used by management primarily in making resource deployment and compensation decisions across the Partnership’s four reportable segments. Management also uses Distributable Earnings in our budgeting, forecasting, and the overall management of our segments. Management makes operating decisions and assesses the performance of each of the Partnership’s business segments based on financial and operating metrics and data that is presented without the consolidation of any of the Consolidated Funds. Consequently, the key performance measures discussed above and all segment data exclude the assets, liabilities and operating results related to the Consolidated Funds.
    
The following table presents the financial data for the Partnership’s four reportable segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017:
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
Corporate
Private
Equity
 
Real
Assets
 
Global
Market
Strategies
 
Investment
Solutions
 
Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
Segment Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fund level fee revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fund management fees
$
118.3

 
$
71.4

 
$
47.6

 
$
41.1

 
$
278.4

Portfolio advisory fees, net
3.6

 
0.4

 
0.1

 

 
4.1

Transaction fees, net
5.3

 
0.8

 

 

 
6.1

Total fund level fee revenues
127.2

 
72.6

 
47.7

 
41.1

 
288.6

Performance fees
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized
345.4

 
20.4

 
15.0

 
30.2

 
411.0

Unrealized
(193.2
)
 
60.8

 
2.6

 
4.2

 
(125.6
)
Total performance fees
152.2

 
81.2

 
17.6

 
34.4

 
285.4

Investment income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized
6.5

 
(64.6
)
 
4.7

 

 
(53.4
)
Unrealized
4.1

 
12.4

 

 
1.6

 
18.1

Total investment income (loss)
10.6

 
(52.2
)
 
4.7

 
1.6

 
(35.3
)
Interest income
1.8

 
1.0

 
2.0

 
0.6

 
5.4

Other income
1.6

 
0.6

 
1.1

 
0.1

 
3.4

Total revenues
293.4

 
103.2

 
73.1

 
77.8

 
547.5

Segment Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and benefits
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct base compensation
65.3

 
24.5

 
23.0

 
19.7

 
132.5

Indirect base compensation
18.3

 
14.8

 
6.7

 
5.0

 
44.8

Equity-based compensation
14.5

 
8.7

 
5.1

 
2.1

 
30.4

Performance fee related
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized
147.7

 
9.2

 
7.3

 
29.9

 
194.1

Unrealized
(76.1
)
 
21.6

 
0.8

 
(2.0
)
 
(55.7
)
Total compensation and benefits
169.7

 
78.8

 
42.9

 
54.7

 
346.1

General, administrative, and other indirect expenses
20.5

 
10.5

 
(63.6
)
 
6.1

 
(26.5
)
Depreciation and amortization expense
4.1

 
1.9

 
1.3

 
0.9

 
8.2

Interest expense
7.0

 
4.2

 
4.2

 
1.6

 
17.0

Total expenses
201.3

 
95.4

 
(15.2
)
 
63.3

 
344.8

Economic Net Income
$
92.1

 
$
7.8

 
$
88.3

 
$
14.5

 
$
202.7

(-) Net Performance Fees
80.6

 
50.4

 
9.5

 
6.5

 
147.0

(-) Investment Income (Loss)
10.6

 
(52.2
)
 
4.7

 
1.6

 
(35.3
)
(+) Equity-based Compensation
14.5

 
8.7

 
5.1

 
2.1

 
30.4

(+) Reserve for Litigation and Contingencies
(12.5
)
 
(5.8
)
 
(4.1
)
 
(2.6
)
 
(25.0
)
(=) Fee Related Earnings
$
2.9

 
$
12.5

 
$
75.1

 
$
5.9

 
$
96.4

(+) Realized Net Performance Fees
197.7

 
11.2

 
7.7

 
0.3

 
216.9

(+) Realized Investment Income (Loss)
6.5

 
(64.6
)
 
4.7

 

 
(53.4
)
(=) Distributable Earnings
$
207.1

 
$
(40.9
)
 
$
87.5

 
$
6.2

 
$
259.9


 
September 30, 2017 and the Nine Months Then Ended
 
Corporate
Private
Equity
 
Real
Assets
 
Global
Market
Strategies
 
Investment Solutions
 
Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
Segment Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fund level fee revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fund management fees
$
351.7

 
$
185.6

 
$
140.8

 
$
113.1

 
$
791.2

Portfolio advisory fees, net
11.9

 
0.6

 
0.5

 

 
13.0

Transaction fees, net
14.2

 
0.8

 

 

 
15.0

Total fund level fee revenues
377.8

 
187.0

 
141.3

 
113.1

 
819.2

Performance fees
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized
668.8

 
73.6

 
37.8

 
66.5

 
846.7

Unrealized
465.0

 
200.1

 
15.5

 
32.1

 
712.7

Total performance fees
1,133.8

 
273.7

 
53.3

 
98.6

 
1,559.4

Investment income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized
15.6

 
(72.4
)
 
8.6

 

 
(48.2
)
Unrealized
22.9

 
24.4

 
4.3

 
3.1

 
54.7

Total investment income (loss)
38.5

 
(48.0
)
 
12.9

 
3.1

 
6.5

Interest income
3.7

 
2.0

 
4.6

 
0.9

 
11.2

Other income
4.2

 
1.3

 
5.6

 
0.3

 
11.4

Total revenues
1,558.0

 
416.0

 
217.7

 
216.0

 
2,407.7

Segment Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and benefits
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct base compensation
175.4

 
61.6

 
55.3

 
51.9

 
344.2

Indirect base compensation
55.0

 
45.6

 
20.9

 
11.9

 
133.4

Equity-based compensation
47.3

 
26.8

 
16.9

 
6.2

 
97.2

Performance fee related
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized
295.4

 
33.4

 
18.2

 
65.4

 
412.4

Unrealized
221.1

 
60.1

 
6.9

 
18.4

 
306.5

Total compensation and benefits
794.2

 
227.5

 
118.2

 
153.8

 
1,293.7

General, administrative, and other indirect expenses
83.9

 
52.6

 
(18.6
)
 
21.6

 
139.5

Depreciation and amortization expense
11.5

 
5.3

 
3.8

 
2.6

 
23.2

Interest expense
21.1

 
12.7

 
10.0

 
4.6

 
48.4

Total expenses
910.7

 
298.1

 
113.4

 
182.6

 
1,504.8

Economic Net Income
$
647.3

 
$
117.9

 
$
104.3

 
$
33.4

 
$
902.9

(-) Net Performance Fees
617.3

 
180.2

 
28.2

 
14.8

 
840.5

(-) Investment Income (Loss)
38.5

 
(48.0
)
 
12.9

 
3.1

 
6.5

(+) Equity-based Compensation
47.3

 
26.8

 
16.9

 
6.2

 
97.2

(+) Reserve for Litigation and Contingencies
(12.5
)
 
(5.8
)
 
(4.1
)
 
(2.6
)
 
(25.0
)
(=) Fee Related Earnings
$
26.3

 
$
6.7

 
$
76.0

 
$
19.1

 
$
128.1

(+) Realized Net Performance Fees
373.4

 
40.2

 
19.6

 
1.1

 
434.3

(+) Realized Investment Income (Loss)
15.6

 
(72.4
)
 
8.6

 

 
(48.2
)
(=) Distributable Earnings
$
415.3

 
$
(25.5
)
 
$
104.2

 
$
20.2

 
$
514.2

Segment assets as of September 30, 2017
$
3,472.9

 
$
1,861.8

 
$
996.5

 
$
1,063.4

 
$
7,394.6


The following table presents the financial data for the Partnership’s four reportable segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016:
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
 
Corporate
Private
Equity
 
Real
Assets
 
Global
Market
Strategies
 
Investment
Solutions
 
Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
Segment Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fund level fee revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fund management fees
$
122.9

 
$
60.3

 
$
44.1

 
$
33.1

 
$
260.4

Portfolio advisory fees, net
2.9

 

 
0.1

 
0.8

 
3.8

Transaction fees, net
1.4

 

 

 

 
1.4

Total fund level fee revenues
127.2

 
60.3

 
44.2

 
33.9

 
265.6

Performance fees
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized
311.1

 
19.2

 
14.3

 
36.3

 
380.9

Unrealized
(124.2
)
 
2.0

 
3.1

 
(6.8
)
 
(125.9
)
Total performance fees
186.9

 
21.2

 
17.4

 
29.5

 
255.0

Investment income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized
24.1

 
(14.1
)
 
1.1

 

 
11.1

Unrealized
(9.6
)
 
4.5

 
7.1

 
0.2

 
2.2

Total investment income (loss)
14.5

 
(9.6
)
 
8.2

 
0.2

 
13.3

Interest income
0.9

 
0.4

 
1.1

 
0.1

 
2.5

Other income
1.3

 
0.4

 
1.2

 
0.2

 
3.1

Total revenues
330.8

 
72.7

 
72.1

 
63.9

 
539.5

Segment Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and benefits
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct base compensation
52.7

 
17.2

 
20.9

 
16.3

 
107.1

Indirect base compensation
17.8

 
8.9

 
7.5

 
2.7

 
36.9

Equity-based compensation
19.8

 
7.1

 
4.4

 
1.6

 
32.9

Performance fee related
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized
143.5

 
8.7

 
6.6

 
35.8

 
194.6

Unrealized
(57.8
)
 
(15.7
)
 
1.3

 
(9.7
)
 
(81.9
)
Total compensation and benefits
176.0

 
26.2

 
40.7

 
46.7

 
289.6

General, administrative, and other indirect expenses
81.4

 
37.2

 
37.7

 
17.3

 
173.6

Depreciation and amortization expense
3.4

 
1.4

 
1.5

 
0.9

 
7.2

Interest expense
7.0

 
4.1

 
3.0

 
1.5

 
15.6

Total expenses
267.8

 
68.9

 
82.9

 
66.4

 
486.0

Economic Net Income (Loss)
$
63.0

 
$
3.8

 
$
(10.8
)
 
$
(2.5
)
 
$
53.5

(-) Net Performance Fees
101.2

 
28.2

 
9.5

 
3.4

 
142.3

(-) Investment Income (Loss)
14.5

 
(9.6
)
 
8.2

 
0.2

 
13.3

(+) Equity-based Compensation
19.8

 
7.1

 
4.4

 
1.6

 
32.9

(+) Reserve for Litigation and Contingencies
49.8

 
21.6

 
19.0

 
9.6

 
100.0

(=) Fee Related Earnings
$
16.9

 
$
13.9

 
$
(5.1
)
 
$
5.1

 
$
30.8

(+) Realized Net Performance Fees
167.6

 
10.5

 
7.7

 
0.5

 
186.3

(+) Realized Investment Income (Loss)
24.1

 
(14.1
)
 
1.1

 

 
11.1

(=) Distributable Earnings
$
208.6

 
$
10.3

 
$
3.7

 
$
5.6

 
$
228.2


 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
 
Corporate
Private
Equity
 
Real
Assets
 
Global
Market
Strategies
 
Investment Solutions
 
Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
Segment Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fund level fee revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fund management fees
$
376.9

 
$
192.0

 
$
147.4

 
$
103.7

 
$
820.0

Portfolio advisory fees, net
11.2

 
0.1

 
0.7

 
0.8

 
12.8

Transaction fees, net
24.3

 

 

 

 
24.3

Total fund level fee revenues
412.4

 
192.1

 
148.1

 
104.5

 
857.1

Performance fees
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized
775.2

 
79.8

 
21.5

 
42.7

 
919.2

Unrealized
(496.2
)
 
165.8

 
4.6

 
19.9

 
(305.9
)
Total performance fees
279.0

 
245.6

 
26.1

 
62.6

 
613.3

Investment income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized
46.6

 
(21.4
)
 
2.7

 

 
27.9

Unrealized
(12.7
)
 
6.5

 
14.9

 
(0.8
)
 
7.9

Total investment income (loss)
33.9

 
(14.9
)
 
17.6

 
(0.8
)
 
35.8

Interest income
2.7

 
1.3

 
3.7

 
0.3

 
8.0

Other income
4.0

 
1.0

 
3.5

 
0.4

 
8.9

Total revenues
732.0

 
425.1

 
199.0

 
167.0

 
1,523.1

Segment Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and benefits
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct base compensation
165.8

 
55.4

 
66.3

 
49.9

 
337.4

Indirect base compensation
55.6

 
28.2

 
22.7

 
8.6

 
115.1

Equity-based compensation
56.0

 
20.3

 
13.8

 
5.1

 
95.2

Performance fee related
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized
345.4

 
34.8

 
8.1

 
41.2

 
429.5

Unrealized
(219.9
)
 
55.2

 
2.2

 
13.3

 
(149.2
)
Total compensation and benefits
402.9

 
193.9

 
113.1

 
118.1

 
828.0

General, administrative, and other indirect expenses
144.3

 
70.7

 
77.1

 
34.6

 
326.7

Depreciation and amortization expense
10.2

 
4.4

 
4.6

 
2.6

 
21.8

Interest expense
21.2

 
12.1

 
8.5

 
4.5

 
46.3

Total expenses
578.6

 
281.1

 
203.3

 
159.8

 
1,222.8

Economic Net Income (Loss)
$
153.4

 
$
144.0

 
$
(4.3
)
 
$
7.2

 
$
300.3

(-) Net Performance Fees
153.5

 
155.6

 
15.8

 
8.1

 
333.0

(-) Investment Income (Loss)
33.9

 
(14.9
)
 
17.6

 
(0.8
)
 
35.8

(+) Equity-based Compensation
56.0

 
20.3

 
13.8

 
5.1

 
95.2

(+) Reserve for Litigation and Contingencies
49.8

 
21.6

 
19.0

 
9.6

 
100.0

(=) Fee Related Earnings
$
71.8

 
$
45.2

 
$
(4.9
)
 
$
14.6

 
$
126.7

(+) Realized Net Performance Fees
429.8

 
45.0

 
13.4

 
1.5

 
489.7

(+) Realized Investment Income (Loss)
46.6

 
(21.4
)
 
2.7

 

 
27.9

(=) Distributable Earnings
$
548.2

 
$
68.8

 
$
11.2

 
$
16.1

 
$
644.3



 

The following table reconciles the Total Segments to the Partnership’s Income Before Provision for Taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.

 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
Total Reportable Segments
 
Consolidated Funds
 
Reconciling Items
 
 
 
Carlyle Consolidated
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
Revenues
$
547.5

 
$
44.7

 
$
47.7

 
(a) 
 
$
639.9

Expenses
$
344.8

 
$
52.3

 
$
95.5

 
(b) 
 
$
492.6

Other income
$

 
$
18.6

 
$

 
(c) 
 
$
18.6

Economic net income
$
202.7

 
$
11.0

 
$
(47.8
)
 
(d) 
 
$
165.9

 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
 
Total Reportable Segments
 
Consolidated Funds
 
Reconciling Items
 
 
 
Carlyle Consolidated
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
Revenues
$
539.5

 
$
43.0

 
$
24.8

 
(a) 
 
$
607.3

Expenses
$
486.0

 
$
41.2

 
$
134.6

 
(b) 
 
$
661.8

Other income
$

 
$
4.8

 
$

 
(c) 
 
$
4.8

Economic net income (loss)
$
53.5

 
$
6.6

 
$
(109.8
)
 
(d) 
 
$
(49.7
)
The following table reconciles the Total Segments to the Partnership’s Income Before Provision for Taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, and Total Assets as of September 30, 2017.
 
September 30, 2017 and the Nine Months Then Ended
 
Total Reportable Segments
 
Consolidated Funds
 
Reconciling Items
 
 
 
Carlyle Consolidated
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
Revenues
$
2,407.7

 
$
132.6

 
$
128.1

 
(a) 
 
$
2,668.4

Expenses
$
1,504.8

 
$
197.2

 
$
305.5

 
(b) 
 
$
2,007.5

Other income
$

 
$
76.4

 
$

 
(c) 
 
$
76.4

Economic net income
$
902.9

 
$
11.8

 
$
(177.4
)
 
(d) 
 
$
737.3

Total assets
$
7,394.6

 
$
4,495.5

 
$
(203.5
)
 
(e) 
 
$
11,686.6

 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
 
Total Reportable Segments
 
Consolidated Funds
 
Reconciling Items
 
 
 
Carlyle Consolidated
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
Revenues
$
1,523.1

 
$
107.8

 
$
67.5

 
(a) 
 
$
1,698.4

Expenses
$
1,222.8

 
$
105.9

 
$
339.4

 
(b) 
 
$
1,668.1

Other loss
$

 
$
3.1

 
$

 
(c) 
 
$
3.1

Economic net income (loss)
$
300.3

 
$
5.0

 
$
(271.9
)
 
(d) 
 
$
33.4

 
(a)
The Revenues adjustment principally represents fund management and performance fees earned from the Consolidated Funds which were eliminated in consolidation to arrive at the Partnership’s total revenues, adjustments for amounts attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities, adjustments related to expenses associated with the investments in NGP Management and its affiliates that are included in operating captions or are excluded from the segment results, adjustments to reflect the Partnership’s share of Urbplan’s net losses as a component of investment income until Urbplan was deconsolidated during the three months ended September 30, 2017, the inclusion of tax expenses associated with certain performance fees, and adjustments to reflect the Partnership’s ownership interests in Claren Road (through January 2017) and ESG (through June 2016) that were included in Revenues in the Partnership’s segment reporting.

(b)
The Expenses adjustment represents the elimination of intercompany expenses of the Consolidated Funds payable to the Partnership, the inclusion of certain tax expenses associated with performance fee compensation, adjustments related to expenses associated with the investment in NGP Management that are included in operating captions, adjustments to reflect the Partnership’s share of Urbplan’s net losses as a component of investment income until Urbplan was deconsolidated during the three months ended September 30, 2017, changes in the tax receivable agreement liability, charges and credits associated with Carlyle corporate actions and non-recurring items and adjustments to reflect the Partnership’s economic interests in Claren Road (through January 2017) and ESG (through June 2016), as detailed below (Dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Equity-based compensation issued in conjunction with the initial public offering, acquisitions and strategic investments
$
58.3

 
$
50.6

 
$
183.8

 
$
175.3

Acquisition related charges, including amortization of intangibles and impairment
7.2

 
27.7

 
25.2

 
67.0

Other non-operating expense (income)

 
(3.7
)
 
0.1

 
0.8

Tax expense associated with performance fees
(1.7
)
 
(2.0
)
 
(7.0
)
 
(16.1
)
Non-Carlyle economic interests in acquired businesses and the real estate VIE
46.2

 
69.4

 
128.8

 
120.7

Severance and other adjustments
0.6

 
1.5

 
10.9

 
10.3

Elimination of expenses of Consolidated Funds
(15.1
)
 
(8.9
)
 
(36.3
)
 
(18.6
)
 
$
95.5

 
$
134.6

 
$
305.5

 
$
339.4



(c)
The Other Income (Loss) adjustment results from the Consolidated Funds which were eliminated in consolidation to arrive at the Partnership’s total Other Income (Loss).

(d)
The following table is a reconciliation of Income Before Provision for Income Taxes to Economic Net Income, to Fee Related Earnings, and to Distributable Earnings (Dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes
$
165.9

 
$
(49.7
)
 
$
737.3

 
$
33.4

Adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity-based compensation issued in conjunction with the initial public offering, acquisitions and strategic investments
58.3

 
50.6

 
183.8

 
175.3

Acquisition related charges, including amortization of intangibles and impairment
7.2

 
27.7

 
25.2

 
67.0

Other non-operating expense (income)

 
(3.7
)
 
0.1

 
0.8

Tax provision associated with performance fees
(1.7
)
 
(2.0
)
 
(7.0
)
 
(16.1
)
Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities
(27.6
)
 
29.1

 
(47.4
)
 
29.8

Severance and other adjustments
0.6

 
1.5

 
10.9

 
10.1

Economic Net Income
$
202.7

 
$
53.5

 
$
902.9

 
$
300.3

Net performance fees(1)
147.0

 
142.3

 
840.5

 
333.0

Investment income (loss) (1)
(35.3
)
 
13.3

 
6.5

 
35.8

Equity-based compensation
30.4

 
32.9

 
97.2

 
95.2

Reserve for litigation and contingencies
(25.0
)
 
100.0

 
(25.0
)
 
100.0

Fee Related Earnings
$
96.4

 
$
30.8

 
$
128.1

 
$
126.7

Realized performance fees, net of related compensation
216.9

 
186.3

 
434.3

 
489.7

Realized investment income (loss)(1)
(53.4
)
 
11.1

 
(48.2
)
 
27.9

Distributable Earnings
$
259.9

 
$
228.2

 
$
514.2

 
$
644.3


(1) See reconciliation to most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure below:
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
Carlyle
Consolidated
 
Adjustments (2)
 
Total
Reportable
Segments
 
(Dollars in millions)
Performance fees
 
 
 
 
 
Realized
$
411.8

 
$
(0.8
)
 
$
411.0

Unrealized
(126.2
)
 
0.6

 
(125.6
)
Total performance fees
285.6

 
(0.2
)
 
285.4

Performance fee related compensation expense
 
 
 
 
 
Realized
189.4

 
4.7

 
194.1

Unrealized
(51.8
)
 
(3.9
)
 
(55.7
)
Total performance fee related compensation expense
137.6

 
0.8

 
138.4

Net performance fees
 
 
 
 
 
Realized
222.4

 
(5.5
)
 
216.9

Unrealized
(74.4
)
 
4.5

 
(69.9
)
Total net performance fees
$
148.0

 
$
(1.0
)
 
$
147.0

Investment income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
Realized
$
15.5

 
$
(68.9
)
 
$
(53.4
)
Unrealized
21.7

 
(3.6
)
 
18.1

Investment income (loss)
$
37.2

 
$
(72.5
)
 
$
(35.3
)
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
 
Carlyle
Consolidated
 
Adjustments (2)
 
Total
Reportable
Segments
 
(Dollars in millions)
Performance fees
 
 
 
 
 
Realized
$
383.4

 
$
(2.5
)
 
$
380.9

Unrealized
(168.7
)
 
42.8

 
(125.9
)
Total performance fees
214.7

 
40.3

 
255.0

Performance fee related compensation expense
 
 
 
 
 
Realized
189.0

 
5.6

 
194.6

Unrealized
(78.1
)
 
(3.8
)
 
(81.9
)
Total performance fee related compensation expense
110.9

 
1.8

 
112.7

Net performance fees
 
 
 
 
 
Realized
194.4

 
(8.1
)
 
186.3

Unrealized
(90.6
)
 
46.6

 
(44.0
)
Total net performance fees
$
103.8

 
$
38.5

 
$
142.3

Investment income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
Realized
$
40.7

 
$
(29.6
)
 
$
11.1

Unrealized
29.8

 
(27.6
)
 
2.2

Total investment income (loss)
$
70.5

 
$
(57.2
)
 
$
13.3


 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
Carlyle
Consolidated
 
Adjustments (2)
 
Total
Reportable
Segments
 
(Dollars in millions)
Performance fees
 
 
 
 
 
Realized
$
852.7

 
$
(6.0
)
 
$
846.7

Unrealized
658.1

 
54.6

 
712.7

Total performance fees
1,510.8

 
48.6

 
1,559.4

Performance fee related compensation expense
 
 
 
 
 
Realized
401.9

 
10.5

 
412.4

Unrealized
309.9

 
(3.4
)
 
306.5

Total performance fee related compensation expense
711.8

 
7.1

 
718.9

Net performance fees
 
 
 
 
 
Realized
450.8

 
(16.5
)
 
434.3

Unrealized
348.2

 
58.0

 
406.2

Total net performance fees
$
799.0

 
$
41.5

 
$
840.5

Investment income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
Realized
$
42.0

 
$
(90.2
)
 
$
(48.2
)
Unrealized
100.5

 
(45.8
)
 
54.7

Investment income (loss)
$
142.5

 
$
(136.0
)
 
$
6.5


 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
 
Carlyle
Consolidated
 
Adjustments (2)
 
Total
Reportable
Segments
 
(Dollars in millions)
Performance fees
 
 
 
 
 
Realized
$
905.1

 
$
14.1

 
$
919.2

Unrealized
(334.3
)
 
28.4

 
(305.9
)
Total performance fees
570.8

 
42.5

 
613.3

Performance fee related compensation expense
 
 
 
 
 
Realized
423.0

 
6.5

 
429.5

Unrealized
(146.1
)
 
(3.1
)
 
(149.2
)
Total performance fee related compensation expense
276.9

 
3.4

 
280.3

Net performance fees
 
 
 
 
 
Realized
482.1

 
7.6

 
489.7

Unrealized
(188.2
)
 
31.5

 
(156.7
)
Total net performance fees
$
293.9

 
$
39.1

 
$
333.0

Investment income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
Realized
$
92.2

 
$
(64.3
)
 
$
27.9

Unrealized
34.0

 
(26.1
)
 
7.9

Total investment income (loss)
$
126.2

 
$
(90.4
)
 
$
35.8


(2) Adjustments to performance fees and investment income (loss) relate to (i) amounts earned from the Consolidated Funds, which were eliminated in the U.S. GAAP consolidation but were included in the segment results, (ii) amounts attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities, which were excluded from the segment results, (iii) the reclassification of NGP performance fees, which are included in investment income in U.S. GAAP financial statements, and (iv) the reclassification of certain tax expenses associated with performance fees. Adjustments to investment income (loss) also include the reclassification of earnings for the investments in NGP Management and its affiliates to the appropriate operating captions for the segment results, the exclusion of charges associated with the investment in NGP Management and its affiliates that are excluded from the segment results, and adjustments to reflect the Partnership’s share of Urbplan’s net losses as investment losses for the segment results until Urbplan was deconsolidated during the three months ended September 30, 2017. Adjustments are also included in these financial statement captions to reflect the Partnership’s economic interests in Claren Road (through January 2017) and ESG (through June 2016).

(e) The Total Assets adjustment represents the addition of the assets of the Consolidated Funds that were eliminated in consolidation to arrive at the Partnership’s total assets.