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Segment Reporting (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting [Abstract] |
Reportable segments financial data | The following tables present the financial data for the Company’s three reportable segments as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022:
| December 31, 2022 and the Year Then Ended
| Global Private Equity |  |  |  | Global Credit |  | Global Investment Solutions |  | Total
| (Dollars in millions)
Segment Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fund level fee revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fund management fees | $ | 1,300.9 |  |  |  |  | $ | 473.1 |  |  | $ | 222.9 |  |  | $ | 1,996.9 |
Portfolio advisory and transaction fees, net and other | 29.5 |  |  |  |  | 81.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 111.1 |
Fee related performance revenues | 69.4 |  |  |  |  | 59.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 129.3 |
Total fund level fee revenues | 1,399.8 |  |  |  |  | 614.6 |  |  | 222.9 |  |  | 2,237.3 |
Realized performance revenues | 1,656.6 |  |  |  |  | 131.5 |  |  | 192.6 |  |  | 1,980.7 |
Realized principal investment income | 108.7 |  |  |  |  | 38.1 |  |  | 3.8 |  |  | 150.6 |
Interest income | 14.9 |  |  |  |  | 15.3 |  |  | 2.6 |  |  | 32.8 |
Total revenues | 3,180.0 |  |  |  |  | 799.5 |  |  | 421.9 |  |  | 4,401.4 |
Segment Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation and benefits |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash-based compensation and benefits | 598.3 |  |  |  |  | 284.2 |  |  | 111.7 |  |  | 994.2 |
Realized performance revenues related compensation | 751.5 |  |  |  |  | 61.3 |  |  | 169.4 |  |  | 982.2 |
Total compensation and benefits | 1,349.8 |  |  |  |  | 345.5 |  |  | 281.1 |  |  | 1,976.4 |
General, administrative, and other indirect expenses | 235.3 |  |  |  |  | 97.7 |  |  | 36.8 |  |  | 369.8 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | 25.6 |  |  |  |  | 8.2 |  |  | 5.1 |  |  | 38.9 |
Interest expense | 63.7 |  |  |  |  | 32.6 |  |  | 11.0 |  |  | 107.3 |
Total expenses | 1,674.4 |  |  |  |  | 484.0 |  |  | 334.0 |  |  | 2,492.4 |
Distributable Earnings | $ | 1,505.6 |  |  |  |  | $ | 315.5 |  |  | $ | 87.9 |  |  | $ | 1,909.0 |
(-) Realized net performance revenues | 905.1 |  |  |  |  | 70.2 |  |  | 23.2 |  |  | 998.5 |
(-) Realized principal investment income | 108.7 |  |  |  |  | 38.1 |  |  | 3.8 |  |  | 150.6 |
(+) Net interest | 48.8 |  |  |  |  | 17.3 |  |  | 8.4 |  |  | 74.5 |
(=) Fee Related Earnings | $ | 540.6 |  |  |  |  | $ | 224.5 |  |  | $ | 69.3 |  |  | $ | 834.4 |
Segment assets as of December 31, 2022 | $ | 9,790.8 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,141.6 |  |  | $ | 1,860.4 |  |  | $ | 14,792.8 |
The following tables present the financial data for the Company’s three reportable segments as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021:
| December 31, 2021 and the Year Then Ended
| Global Private Equity(1) |  |  |  | Global Credit |  | Global Investment Solutions(2) |  | Total
| (Dollars in millions)
Segment Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fund level fee revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fund management fees | $ | 1,111.8 |  |  |  |  | $ | 314.4 |  |  | $ | 228.4 |  |  | $ | 1,654.6 |
Portfolio advisory and transaction fees, net and other | 34.3 |  |  |  |  | 62.2 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 97.0 |
Fee related performance revenues | — |  |  |  |  | 43.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 43.2 |
Total fund level fee revenues | 1,146.1 |  |  |  |  | 419.8 |  |  | 228.9 |  |  | 1,794.8 |
Realized performance revenues | 2,757.8 |  |  |  |  | (6.0) |  |  | 186.8 |  |  | 2,938.6 |
Realized principal investment income | 167.8 |  |  |  |  | 31.9 |  |  | 9.8 |  |  | 209.5 |
Interest income | 1.4 |  |  |  |  | 5.6 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 7.2 |
Total revenues | 4,073.1 |  |  |  |  | 451.3 |  |  | 425.7 |  |  | 4,950.1 |
Segment Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation and benefits |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash-based compensation and benefits | 546.2 |  |  |  |  | 237.1 |  |  | 108.2 |  |  | 891.5 |
Realized performance revenues related compensation | 1,243.6 |  |  |  |  | (2.7) |  |  | 168.1 |  |  | 1,409.0 |
Total compensation and benefits | 1,789.8 |  |  |  |  | 234.4 |  |  | 276.3 |  |  | 2,300.5 |
General, administrative, and other indirect expenses | 172.5 |  |  |  |  | 63.1 |  |  | 32.0 |  |  | 267.6 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | 25.1 |  |  |  |  | 8.0 |  |  | 4.5 |  |  | 37.6 |
Interest expense | 63.8 |  |  |  |  | 26.1 |  |  | 10.8 |  |  | 100.7 |
Total expenses | 2,051.2 |  |  |  |  | 331.6 |  |  | 323.6 |  |  | 2,706.4 |
Distributable Earnings | $ | 2,021.9 |  |  |  |  | $ | 119.7 |  |  | $ | 102.1 |  |  | $ | 2,243.7 |
(-) Realized net performance revenues | 1,514.2 |  |  |  |  | (3.3) |  |  | 18.7 |  |  | 1,529.6 |
(-) Realized principal investment income | 167.8 |  |  |  |  | 31.9 |  |  | 9.8 |  |  | 209.5 |
(+) Net interest | 62.4 |  |  |  |  | 20.5 |  |  | 10.6 |  |  | 93.5 |
(=) Fee Related Earnings | $ | 402.3 |  |  |  |  | $ | 111.6 |  |  | $ | 84.2 |  |  | $ | 598.1 |
Segment assets as of December 31, 2021 | $ | 10,282.4 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,206.6 |  |  | $ | 2,009.2 |  |  | $ | 14,498.2 |
(1) On August 31, 2021, the Company sold 100% of its interest in its local Brazilian management entity and entered into a sub-advisory agreement with the acquiring company, which will provide advisory services with respect to Carlyle’s Brazilian portfolio. The Company recorded a loss on the sale and related transaction costs of $4.7 million, which is included in other non-operating expenses (income) on the consolidated statements of operations, as well as a foreign currency translation loss of $14.7 million related to amounts previously recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, which is primarily included in general, administrative and other expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. These amounts are excluded from the Company’s segment reporting. (2) On April 1, 2021, the Company sold 100% of its interest in Metropolitan Real Estate (“MRE”) and recorded a $5 million gain on the sale, which is included in other non-operating expenses (income) on the consolidated statements of operations. This amount is excluded from the Company’s segment reporting. The Company retained its existing investments in and commitments to the MRE funds, as well as its interest in the net accrued performance allocations in existing funds. The following tables present the financial data for the Company’s three reportable segments for the year ended December 31, 2020:
| Year Ended December 31, 2020
| Global Private Equity |  |  |  | Global Credit |  | Global Investment Solutions |  | Total
| (Dollars in millions)
Segment Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fund level fee revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fund management fees | $ | 1,042.0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 288.3 |  |  | $ | 193.0 |  |  | $ | 1,523.3 |
Portfolio advisory and transaction fees, net and other | 22.8 |  |  |  |  | 34.0 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 56.9 |
Fee related performance revenues | — |  |  |  |  | 35.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 35.9 |
Total fund level fee revenues | 1,064.8 |  |  |  |  | 358.2 |  |  | 193.1 |  |  | 1,616.1 |
Realized performance revenues | 404.5 |  |  |  |  | 26.5 |  |  | 155.1 |  |  | 586.1 |
Realized principal investment income | 52.0 |  |  |  |  | 18.7 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | 73.0 |
Interest income | 3.3 |  |  |  |  | 10.4 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 14.3 |
Total revenues | 1,524.6 |  |  |  |  | 413.8 |  |  | 351.1 |  |  | 2,289.5 |
Segment Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation and benefits |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash-based compensation and benefits | 501.9 |  |  |  |  | 206.1 |  |  | 113.5 |  |  | 821.5 |
Realized performance revenues related compensation | 183.0 |  |  |  |  | 12.2 |  |  | 144.6 |  |  | 339.8 |
Total compensation and benefits | 684.9 |  |  |  |  | 218.3 |  |  | 258.1 |  |  | 1,161.3 |
General, administrative, and other indirect expenses | 157.9 |  |  |  |  | 45.7 |  |  | 37.8 |  |  | 241.4 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | 22.0 |  |  |  |  | 7.0 |  |  | 4.5 |  |  | 33.5 |
Interest expense | 55.3 |  |  |  |  | 26.6 |  |  | 9.3 |  |  | 91.2 |
Total expenses | 920.1 |  |  |  |  | 297.6 |  |  | 309.7 |  |  | 1,527.4 |
Distributable Earnings | $ | 604.5 |  |  |  |  | $ | 116.2 |  |  | $ | 41.4 |  |  | $ | 762.1 |
(-) Realized net performance revenues | 221.5 |  |  |  |  | 14.3 |  |  | 10.5 |  |  | 246.3 |
(-) Realized principal investment income | 52.0 |  |  |  |  | 18.7 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | 73.0 |
(+) Net interest | 52.0 |  |  |  |  | 16.2 |  |  | 8.7 |  |  | 76.9 |
(=) Fee Related Earnings | $ | 383.0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 99.4 |  |  | $ | 37.3 |  |  | $ | 519.7 |
The following table reconciles the total segments fund level fee revenue to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure, the Company’s consolidated fund management fees, for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
| (Dollars in millions)
Total Reportable Segments - Fund level fee revenues | $ | 2,237.3 |  |  | $ | 1,794.8 |  |  | $ | 1,616.1 |
Adjustments(1) | (207.2) |  |  | (127.3) |  |  | (130.1) |
Carlyle Consolidated - Fund management fees | $ | 2,030.1 |  |  | $ | 1,667.5 |  |  | $ | 1,486.0 |
(1) Adjustments represent the reclassification of NGP management fees from principal investment income, the reclassification of fee related performance revenues from business development companies and other products, management fees earned from consolidated CLOs which were eliminated in consolidation to arrive at the Company’s fund management fees, the reclassification of a $12.7 million loss related to the purchase of investor interests in a Global Investment Solutions product from fund management fees to principal investment income (loss), and the reclassification of certain amounts included in portfolio advisory fees, net and other in the segment results that are included in interest and other income in the U.S. GAAP results.
Reconciliation of total segments to income before provision for taxes | The following tables reconcile the Total Segments to the Company’s Total Assets and Income (Loss) Before Provision for Income Taxes as of and for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:
| December 31, 2022 and the Year then Ended
| Total Reportable Segments |  | Consolidated Funds |  | Reconciling Items |  |  |  | Carlyle Consolidated
| (Dollars in millions)
Revenues | $ | 4,401.4 |  |  | $ | 311.0 |  |  | $ | (273.7) |  |  | (a) |  | $ | 4,438.7 |
Expenses | $ | 2,492.4 |  |  | $ | 255.3 |  |  | $ | 77.0 |  |  | (b) |  | $ | 2,824.7 |
Other loss | $ | — |  |  | $ | (41.5) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | (c) |  | $ | (41.5) |
Distributable earnings | $ | 1,909.0 |  |  | $ | 14.2 |  |  | $ | (350.7) |  |  | (d) |  | $ | 1,572.5 |
Total assets | $ | 14,792.8 |  |  | $ | 7,213.3 |  |  | $ | (603.1) |  |  | (e) |  | $ | 21,403.0 |
| December 31, 2021 and the Year then Ended
| Total Reportable Segments |  | Consolidated Funds |  | Reconciling Items |  |  |  | Carlyle Consolidated
| (Dollars in millions)
Revenues | $ | 4,950.1 |  |  | $ | 253.2 |  |  | $ | 3,578.8 |  |  | (a) |  | $ | 8,782.1 |
Expenses | $ | 2,706.4 |  |  | $ | 217.8 |  |  | $ | 1,832.9 |  |  | (b) |  | $ | 4,757.1 |
Other income | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2.5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | (c) |  | $ | 2.5 |
Distributable earnings | $ | 2,243.7 |  |  | $ | 37.9 |  |  | $ | 1,745.9 |  |  | (d) |  | $ | 4,027.5 |
Total assets | $ | 14,498.2 |  |  | $ | 6,948.0 |  |  | $ | (195.8) |  |  | (e) |  | $ | 21,250.4 |
The following table reconciles the Total Segments to the Company’s Income Before Provision for Income Taxes for the year ended December 31, 2020:
| Year Ended December 31, 2020
| Total Reportable Segments |  | Consolidated Funds |  | Reconciling Items |  |  |  | Carlyle Consolidated
| (Dollars in millions)
Revenues | $ | 2,289.5 |  |  | $ | 226.8 |  |  | $ | 418.3 |  |  | (a) |  | $ | 2,934.6 |
Expenses | $ | 1,527.4 |  |  | $ | 206.2 |  |  | $ | 599.7 |  |  | (b) |  | $ | 2,333.3 |
Other loss | $ | — |  |  | $ | (21.3) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | (c) |  | $ | (21.3) |
Distributable earnings | $ | 762.1 |  |  | $ | (0.7) |  |  | $ | (181.4) |  |  | (d) |  | $ | 580.0 |
(a)The Revenues adjustment principally represents unrealized performance revenues, unrealized principal investment income (loss) (including Fortitude), the principal investment loss from dilution of the indirect investment in Fortitude, revenues earned from the Consolidated Funds which were eliminated in consolidation to arrive at the Company’s total revenues, adjustments for amounts attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities, adjustments related to expenses associated with the investments in NGP Management and its affiliates that are included in operating captions or are excluded from the segment results, adjustments to reflect the reimbursement of certain costs incurred on behalf of Carlyle funds on a net basis, and the inclusion of tax expenses associated with certain foreign performance revenues, as detailed below:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
| (Dollars in millions)
Unrealized performance revenues | $ | (142.5) |  |  | $ | 3,155.6 |  |  | $ | 1,031.0 |
Unrealized principal investment income | (38.3) |  |  | 351.8 |  |  | (556.2) |
Principal investment loss from dilution of indirect investment in Fortitude | (176.9) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Adjusted unrealized principal investment income from direct investment in Fortitude | — |  |  | — |  |  | (104.4) |
Adjustments related to expenses associated with investments in NGP Management and its affiliates | (12.9) |  |  | (13.7) |  |  | (15.3) |
Tax expense associated with certain foreign performance revenues | 0.1 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.5 |
Non-controlling interests and other adjustments to present certain costs on a net basis | 119.0 |  |  | 159.6 |  |  | 96.6 |
Elimination of revenues of Consolidated Funds | (22.2) |  |  | (74.7) |  |  | (33.9) |
| $ | (273.7) |  |  | $ | 3,578.8 |  |  | $ | 418.3 |
The following table reconciles the total segments fund level fee revenue to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure, the Company’s consolidated fund management fees, for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
| (Dollars in millions)
Total Reportable Segments - Fund level fee revenues | $ | 2,237.3 |  |  | $ | 1,794.8 |  |  | $ | 1,616.1 |
Adjustments(1) | (207.2) |  |  | (127.3) |  |  | (130.1) |
Carlyle Consolidated - Fund management fees | $ | 2,030.1 |  |  | $ | 1,667.5 |  |  | $ | 1,486.0 |
(1) Adjustments represent the reclassification of NGP management fees from principal investment income, the reclassification of fee related performance revenues from business development companies and other products, management fees earned from consolidated CLOs which were eliminated in consolidation to arrive at the Company’s fund management fees, the reclassification of a $12.7 million loss related to the purchase of investor interests in a Global Investment Solutions product from fund management fees to principal investment income (loss), and the reclassification of certain amounts included in portfolio advisory fees, net and other in the segment results that are included in interest and other income in the U.S. GAAP results. (b)The Expenses adjustment represents the elimination of intercompany expenses of the Consolidated Funds payable to the Company, the inclusion of equity-based compensation, certain tax expenses associated with realized performance revenues related compensation, and unrealized performance revenues related compensation, adjustments related to expenses associated with the investment in NGP Management that are included in operating captions, adjustments to reflect the reimbursement of certain costs incurred on behalf of Carlyle funds on a net basis, changes in the tax receivable agreement liability, and charges and credits associated with Carlyle corporate actions and non-recurring items, as detailed below:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
| (Dollars in millions)
Unrealized performance and fee related performance revenue related compensation expense | $ | (326.2) |  |  | $ | 1,549.4 |  |  | $ | 432.3 |
Equity-based compensation | 161.9 |  |  | 172.9 |  |  | 116.6 |
Acquisition or disposition-related charges and amortization of intangibles and impairment | 187.4 |  |  | 37.7 |  |  | 38.1 |
Tax expense associated with certain foreign performance revenues related compensation | 2.9 |  |  | (17.3) |  |  | (8.4) |
Non-controlling interests and other adjustments to present certain costs on a net basis | 82.7 |  |  | 78.5 |  |  | 55.8 |
Debt extinguishment costs | — |  |  | 10.2 |  |  | — |
Right-of-use asset impairment | — |  |  | 26.8 |  |  | — |
Other adjustments, including severance and C-Corp. conversion costs in 2020 | 12.4 |  |  | 14.2 |  |  | 8.0 |
Elimination of expenses of Consolidated Funds | (44.1) |  |  | (39.5) |  |  | (42.7) |
| $ | 77.0 |  |  | $ | 1,832.9 |  |  | $ | 599.7 |
(c) The Other Income (Loss) adjustment results from the Consolidated Funds which were eliminated in consolidation to arrive at the Company’s total Other Income (Loss). (d) The following table is a reconciliation of Income (Loss) Before Provision for Income Taxes to Distributable Earnings and to Fee Related Earnings:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
| (Dollars in millions)
Income before provision for income taxes | $ | 1,572.5 |  |  | $ | 4,027.5 |  |  | $ | 580.0 |
Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized performance and fee related performance revenues | (183.7) |  |  | (1,606.2) |  |  | (598.7) |
Unrealized principal investment (income) loss(1) | 38.3 |  |  | (351.8) |  |  | 556.2 |
Principal investment loss from dilution of indirect investment in Fortitude | 176.9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Adjusted unrealized principal investment (income) loss from direct investment in Fortitude(2) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 104.4 |
Equity-based compensation(3) | 161.9 |  |  | 172.9 |  |  | 116.6 |
Acquisition or disposition-related charges, including amortization of intangibles and impairment | 187.4 |  |  | 37.7 |  |  | 38.1 |
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | (59.7) |  |  | (70.5) |  |  | (34.6) |
Tax expense associated with certain foreign performance revenues | 3.0 |  |  | (17.1) |  |  | (7.9) |
Debt extinguishment costs | — |  |  | 10.2 |  |  | — |
Right-of-use impairment | — |  |  | 26.8 |  |  | — |
Other adjustments including severance and C-Corp. conversion costs in 2020 | 12.4 |  |  | 14.2 |  |  | 8.0 |
Distributable Earnings | $ | 1,909.0 |  |  | $ | 2,243.7 |  |  | $ | 762.1 |
Realized performance revenues, net of related compensation(4) | 998.5 |  |  | 1,529.6 |  |  | 246.3 |
Realized principal investment income(4) | 150.6 |  |  | 209.5 |  |  | 73.0 |
Net interest | 74.5 |  |  | 93.5 |  |  | 76.9 |
Fee Related Earnings | $ | 834.4 |  |  | $ | 598.1 |  |  | $ | 519.7 |
(1) Adjustments to unrealized principal investment income (loss) during the year ended December 31, 2020 are inclusive of $211.8 million of unrealized gains, resulting from changes in the fair value of embedded derivatives related to certain reinsurance contracts included in Fortitude’s U.S. GAAP financial statements prior to the contribution of the Company’s investment in Fortitude to Carlyle FRL on June 2, 2020. At the time of the contribution of the Company’s investment to Carlyle FRL, the Company began accounting for its investment under the equity method based on its net asset value in the fund, which is an investment company that accounts for its investment in Fortitude at fair value. (2) Adjusted unrealized principal investment income (loss) from the direct investment in Fortitude represents 19.9% of Fortitude’s estimated net income (loss), excluding the unrealized gains (losses) related to embedded derivatives, prior to the contribution of the Company’s investment in Fortitude to Carlyle FRL on June 2, 2020. (3) Equity-based compensation for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 includes amounts that are presented in principal investment income and general, administrative and other expenses in the Company’s U.S. GAAP consolidated statements of operations. (4) See reconciliation to most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure below:
| Year Ended December 31, 2022
| Carlyle Consolidated |  | Adjustments(3) |  | Total Reportable Segments
| (Dollars in millions)
Performance revenues | $ | 1,327.5 |  |  | $ | 653.2 |  |  | $ | 1,980.7 |
Performance revenues related compensation expense | 719.9 |  |  | 262.3 |  |  | 982.2 |
Net performance revenues | $ | 607.6 |  |  | $ | 390.9 |  |  | $ | 998.5 |
Principal investment income (loss) | $ | 570.5 |  |  | $ | (419.9) |  |  | $ | 150.6 |
| Year Ended December 31, 2021
| Carlyle Consolidated |  | Adjustments(3) |  | Total Reportable Segments
| (Dollars in millions)
Performance revenues | $ | 6,084.6 |  |  | $ | (3,146.0) |  |  | $ | 2,938.6 |
Performance revenues related compensation expense | 2,961.0 |  |  | (1,552.0) |  |  | 1,409.0 |
Net performance revenues | $ | 3,123.6 |  |  | $ | (1,594.0) |  |  | $ | 1,529.6 |
Principal investment income (loss) | $ | 637.3 |  |  | $ | (427.8) |  |  | $ | 209.5 |
| Year Ended December 31, 2020
| Carlyle Consolidated |  | Adjustments(3) |  | Total Reportable Segments
| (Dollars in millions)
Performance revenues | $ | 1,635.9 |  |  | $ | (1,049.8) |  |  | $ | 586.1 |
Performance revenues related compensation expense | 779.1 |  |  | (439.3) |  |  | 339.8 |
Net performance revenues | $ | 856.8 |  |  | $ | (610.5) |  |  | $ | 246.3 |
Principal investment income (loss) | $ | (540.7) |  |  | $ | 613.7 |  |  | $ | 73.0 |
(3) Adjustments to performance revenues and principal investment income (loss) relate to (i) unrealized performance allocations net of related compensation expense and unrealized principal investment income, which are excluded from the segment results, (ii) amounts earned from the Consolidated Funds, which were eliminated in the U.S. GAAP consolidation but were included in the segment results, (iii) amounts attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities, which were excluded from the segment results, (iv) the reclassification of NGP performance revenues, which are included in principal investment income in the U.S. GAAP financial statements, (v) the reclassification of fee related performance revenues, which are included in fund level fee revenues in the segment results, and (vi) the reclassification of tax expenses associated with certain foreign performance revenues. Adjustments to principal investment income (loss) also include the reclassification of earnings for the investments in NGP Management and its affiliates to the appropriate operating captions for the segment results, and the exclusion of charges associated with the investment in NGP Management and its affiliates that are excluded from the segment results and the exclusion of the principal investment loss from dilution of the indirect investment in Fortitude. (e)The Total Assets adjustment represents the addition of the assets of the Consolidated Funds that were eliminated in consolidation to arrive at the Company’s total assets.
Revenues adjustments | The Revenues adjustment principally represents unrealized performance revenues, unrealized principal investment income (loss) (including Fortitude), the principal investment loss from dilution of the indirect investment in Fortitude, revenues earned from the Consolidated Funds which were eliminated in consolidation to arrive at the Company’s total revenues, adjustments for amounts attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities, adjustments related to expenses associated with the investments in NGP Management and its affiliates that are included in operating captions or are excluded from the segment results, adjustments to reflect the reimbursement of certain costs incurred on behalf of Carlyle funds on a net basis, and the inclusion of tax expenses associated with certain foreign performance revenues, as detailed below:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
| (Dollars in millions)
Unrealized performance revenues | $ | (142.5) |  |  | $ | 3,155.6 |  |  | $ | 1,031.0 |
Unrealized principal investment income | (38.3) |  |  | 351.8 |  |  | (556.2) |
Principal investment loss from dilution of indirect investment in Fortitude | (176.9) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Adjusted unrealized principal investment income from direct investment in Fortitude | — |  |  | — |  |  | (104.4) |
Adjustments related to expenses associated with investments in NGP Management and its affiliates | (12.9) |  |  | (13.7) |  |  | (15.3) |
Tax expense associated with certain foreign performance revenues | 0.1 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.5 |
Non-controlling interests and other adjustments to present certain costs on a net basis | 119.0 |  |  | 159.6 |  |  | 96.6 |
Elimination of revenues of Consolidated Funds | (22.2) |  |  | (74.7) |  |  | (33.9) |
| $ | (273.7) |  |  | $ | 3,578.8 |  |  | $ | 418.3 |
The following table reconciles the total segments fund level fee revenue to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure, the Company’s consolidated fund management fees, for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
| (Dollars in millions)
Total Reportable Segments - Fund level fee revenues | $ | 2,237.3 |  |  | $ | 1,794.8 |  |  | $ | 1,616.1 |
Adjustments(1) | (207.2) |  |  | (127.3) |  |  | (130.1) |
Carlyle Consolidated - Fund management fees | $ | 2,030.1 |  |  | $ | 1,667.5 |  |  | $ | 1,486.0 |
(1) Adjustments represent the reclassification of NGP management fees from principal investment income, the reclassification of fee related performance revenues from business development companies and other products, management fees earned from consolidated CLOs which were eliminated in consolidation to arrive at the Company’s fund management fees, the reclassification of a $12.7 million loss related to the purchase of investor interests in a Global Investment Solutions product from fund management fees to principal investment income (loss), and the reclassification of certain amounts included in portfolio advisory fees, net and other in the segment results that are included in interest and other income in the U.S. GAAP results.
Expenses adjustments | The Expenses adjustment represents the elimination of intercompany expenses of the Consolidated Funds payable to the Company, the inclusion of equity-based compensation, certain tax expenses associated with realized performance revenues related compensation, and unrealized performance revenues related compensation, adjustments related to expenses associated with the investment in NGP Management that are included in operating captions, adjustments to reflect the reimbursement of certain costs incurred on behalf of Carlyle funds on a net basis, changes in the tax receivable agreement liability, and charges and credits associated with Carlyle corporate actions and non-recurring items, as detailed below:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
| (Dollars in millions)
Unrealized performance and fee related performance revenue related compensation expense | $ | (326.2) |  |  | $ | 1,549.4 |  |  | $ | 432.3 |
Equity-based compensation | 161.9 |  |  | 172.9 |  |  | 116.6 |
Acquisition or disposition-related charges and amortization of intangibles and impairment | 187.4 |  |  | 37.7 |  |  | 38.1 |
Tax expense associated with certain foreign performance revenues related compensation | 2.9 |  |  | (17.3) |  |  | (8.4) |
Non-controlling interests and other adjustments to present certain costs on a net basis | 82.7 |  |  | 78.5 |  |  | 55.8 |
Debt extinguishment costs | — |  |  | 10.2 |  |  | — |
Right-of-use asset impairment | — |  |  | 26.8 |  |  | — |
Other adjustments, including severance and C-Corp. conversion costs in 2020 | 12.4 |  |  | 14.2 |  |  | 8.0 |
Elimination of expenses of Consolidated Funds | (44.1) |  |  | (39.5) |  |  | (42.7) |
| $ | 77.0 |  |  | $ | 1,832.9 |  |  | $ | 599.7 |
Reconciliation of income before provision for income taxes | The following table is a reconciliation of Income (Loss) Before Provision for Income Taxes to Distributable Earnings and to Fee Related Earnings:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
| (Dollars in millions)
Income before provision for income taxes | $ | 1,572.5 |  |  | $ | 4,027.5 |  |  | $ | 580.0 |
Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized performance and fee related performance revenues | (183.7) |  |  | (1,606.2) |  |  | (598.7) |
Unrealized principal investment (income) loss(1) | 38.3 |  |  | (351.8) |  |  | 556.2 |
Principal investment loss from dilution of indirect investment in Fortitude | 176.9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Adjusted unrealized principal investment (income) loss from direct investment in Fortitude(2) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 104.4 |
Equity-based compensation(3) | 161.9 |  |  | 172.9 |  |  | 116.6 |
Acquisition or disposition-related charges, including amortization of intangibles and impairment | 187.4 |  |  | 37.7 |  |  | 38.1 |
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities | (59.7) |  |  | (70.5) |  |  | (34.6) |
Tax expense associated with certain foreign performance revenues | 3.0 |  |  | (17.1) |  |  | (7.9) |
Debt extinguishment costs | — |  |  | 10.2 |  |  | — |
Right-of-use impairment | — |  |  | 26.8 |  |  | — |
Other adjustments including severance and C-Corp. conversion costs in 2020 | 12.4 |  |  | 14.2 |  |  | 8.0 |
Distributable Earnings | $ | 1,909.0 |  |  | $ | 2,243.7 |  |  | $ | 762.1 |
Realized performance revenues, net of related compensation(4) | 998.5 |  |  | 1,529.6 |  |  | 246.3 |
Realized principal investment income(4) | 150.6 |  |  | 209.5 |  |  | 73.0 |
Net interest | 74.5 |  |  | 93.5 |  |  | 76.9 |
Fee Related Earnings | $ | 834.4 |  |  | $ | 598.1 |  |  | $ | 519.7 |
(1) Adjustments to unrealized principal investment income (loss) during the year ended December 31, 2020 are inclusive of $211.8 million of unrealized gains, resulting from changes in the fair value of embedded derivatives related to certain reinsurance contracts included in Fortitude’s U.S. GAAP financial statements prior to the contribution of the Company’s investment in Fortitude to Carlyle FRL on June 2, 2020. At the time of the contribution of the Company’s investment to Carlyle FRL, the Company began accounting for its investment under the equity method based on its net asset value in the fund, which is an investment company that accounts for its investment in Fortitude at fair value. (2) Adjusted unrealized principal investment income (loss) from the direct investment in Fortitude represents 19.9% of Fortitude’s estimated net income (loss), excluding the unrealized gains (losses) related to embedded derivatives, prior to the contribution of the Company’s investment in Fortitude to Carlyle FRL on June 2, 2020. (3) Equity-based compensation for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 includes amounts that are presented in principal investment income and general, administrative and other expenses in the Company’s U.S. GAAP consolidated statements of operations. (4) See reconciliation to most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure below:
| Year Ended December 31, 2022
| Carlyle Consolidated |  | Adjustments(3) |  | Total Reportable Segments
| (Dollars in millions)
Performance revenues | $ | 1,327.5 |  |  | $ | 653.2 |  |  | $ | 1,980.7 |
Performance revenues related compensation expense | 719.9 |  |  | 262.3 |  |  | 982.2 |
Net performance revenues | $ | 607.6 |  |  | $ | 390.9 |  |  | $ | 998.5 |
Principal investment income (loss) | $ | 570.5 |  |  | $ | (419.9) |  |  | $ | 150.6 |
| Year Ended December 31, 2021
| Carlyle Consolidated |  | Adjustments(3) |  | Total Reportable Segments
| (Dollars in millions)
Performance revenues | $ | 6,084.6 |  |  | $ | (3,146.0) |  |  | $ | 2,938.6 |
Performance revenues related compensation expense | 2,961.0 |  |  | (1,552.0) |  |  | 1,409.0 |
Net performance revenues | $ | 3,123.6 |  |  | $ | (1,594.0) |  |  | $ | 1,529.6 |
Principal investment income (loss) | $ | 637.3 |  |  | $ | (427.8) |  |  | $ | 209.5 |
| Year Ended December 31, 2020
| Carlyle Consolidated |  | Adjustments(3) |  | Total Reportable Segments
| (Dollars in millions)
Performance revenues | $ | 1,635.9 |  |  | $ | (1,049.8) |  |  | $ | 586.1 |
Performance revenues related compensation expense | 779.1 |  |  | (439.3) |  |  | 339.8 |
Net performance revenues | $ | 856.8 |  |  | $ | (610.5) |  |  | $ | 246.3 |
Principal investment income (loss) | $ | (540.7) |  |  | $ | 613.7 |  |  | $ | 73.0 |
(3) Adjustments to performance revenues and principal investment income (loss) relate to (i) unrealized performance allocations net of related compensation expense and unrealized principal investment income, which are excluded from the segment results, (ii) amounts earned from the Consolidated Funds, which were eliminated in the U.S. GAAP consolidation but were included in the segment results, (iii) amounts attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities, which were excluded from the segment results, (iv) the reclassification of NGP performance revenues, which are included in principal investment income in the U.S. GAAP financial statements, (v) the reclassification of fee related performance revenues, which are included in fund level fee revenues in the segment results, and (vi) the reclassification of tax expenses associated with certain foreign performance revenues. Adjustments to principal investment income (loss) also include the reclassification of earnings for the investments in NGP Management and its affiliates to the appropriate operating captions for the segment results, and the exclusion of charges associated with the investment in NGP Management and its affiliates that are excluded from the segment results and the exclusion of the principal investment loss from dilution of the indirect investment in Fortitude.
Adjustments for performance fees, performance fee related compensation and investment income |
| Year Ended December 31, 2022
| Carlyle Consolidated |  | Adjustments(3) |  | Total Reportable Segments
| (Dollars in millions)
Performance revenues | $ | 1,327.5 |  |  | $ | 653.2 |  |  | $ | 1,980.7 |
Performance revenues related compensation expense | 719.9 |  |  | 262.3 |  |  | 982.2 |
Net performance revenues | $ | 607.6 |  |  | $ | 390.9 |  |  | $ | 998.5 |
Principal investment income (loss) | $ | 570.5 |  |  | $ | (419.9) |  |  | $ | 150.6 |
| Year Ended December 31, 2021
| Carlyle Consolidated |  | Adjustments(3) |  | Total Reportable Segments
| (Dollars in millions)
Performance revenues | $ | 6,084.6 |  |  | $ | (3,146.0) |  |  | $ | 2,938.6 |
Performance revenues related compensation expense | 2,961.0 |  |  | (1,552.0) |  |  | 1,409.0 |
Net performance revenues | $ | 3,123.6 |  |  | $ | (1,594.0) |  |  | $ | 1,529.6 |
Principal investment income (loss) | $ | 637.3 |  |  | $ | (427.8) |  |  | $ | 209.5 |
| Year Ended December 31, 2020
| Carlyle Consolidated |  | Adjustments(3) |  | Total Reportable Segments
| (Dollars in millions)
Performance revenues | $ | 1,635.9 |  |  | $ | (1,049.8) |  |  | $ | 586.1 |
Performance revenues related compensation expense | 779.1 |  |  | (439.3) |  |  | 339.8 |
Net performance revenues | $ | 856.8 |  |  | $ | (610.5) |  |  | $ | 246.3 |
Principal investment income (loss) | $ | (540.7) |  |  | $ | 613.7 |  |  | $ | 73.0 |
Geographic areas revenues from customers | The tables below present consolidated revenues and assets based on the geographical focus of the associated investment vehicle.
| Total Revenues |  | Total Assets
| Share |  | % |  | Share |  | %
| (Dollars in millions)
Year Ended December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas(1) | $ | 2,560.0 |  |  | 58 | % |  | $ | 11,662.8 |  |  | 55 | %
EMEA(2) | 1,603.8 |  |  | 36 | % |  | 8,632.9 |  |  | 40 | %
Asia-Pacific(3) | 274.9 |  |  | 6 | % |  | 1,107.3 |  |  | 5 | %
Total | $ | 4,438.7 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 21,403.0 |  |  | 100 | %
| Total Revenues |  | Total Assets
| Share |  | % |  | Share |  | %
| (Dollars in millions)
Year Ended December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas(1) | $ | 5,434.6 |  |  | 62 | % |  | $ | 10,874.2 |  |  | 51 | %
EMEA(2) | 2,629.3 |  |  | 30 | % |  | 8,920.4 |  |  | 42 | %
Asia-Pacific(3) | 718.2 |  |  | 8 | % |  | 1,455.8 |  |  | 7 | %
Total | $ | 8,782.1 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 21,250.4 |  |  | 100 | %
| Total Revenues |  | Total Assets
| Share |  | % |  | Share |  | %
| (Dollars in millions)
Year Ended December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas(1) | $ | 1,787.7 |  |  | 61 | % |  | $ | 7,758.8 |  |  | 50 | %
EMEA(2) | 622.3 |  |  | 21 | % |  | 6,807.0 |  |  | 43 | %
Asia-Pacific(3) | 524.6 |  |  | 18 | % |  | 1,079.0 |  |  | 7 | %
Total | $ | 2,934.6 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 15,644.8 |  |  | 100 | %
(1)Relates to investment vehicles whose primary focus is the United States, Mexico or South America. (2)Relates to investment vehicles whose primary focus is Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. (3)Relates to investment vehicles whose primary focus is Asia, including China, Japan, India and Australia.

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