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ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES, NONPERFORMING ASSETS, AND CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISK (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
Receivables [Abstract] |
Schedule of changes in the allowance for credit losses | The following tables present a summary of changes in the ACL:
| Year Ended December 31, 2019
(in millions) | Commercial |  | Retail |  | Total |
Allowance for loan and lease losses, beginning of period |  | $690 |  |  | $552 |  |  | $1,242 |
Charge-offs | (140 | ) | (475 | ) | (615 | )
Recoveries | 24 |  | 161 |  | 185 |
Net charge-offs | (116 | ) | (314 | ) | (430 | )
Provision charged to income | 100 |  | 340 |  | 440 |
Allowance for loan and lease losses, end of period | 674 |  | 578 |  | 1,252 |
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, beginning of period | 91 |  | — |  | 91 |
Provision for unfunded lending commitments | (47 | ) | — |  | (47 | )
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, end of period | 44 |  | — |  | 44 |
Total allowance for credit losses, end of period |  | $718 |  |  | $578 |  |  | $1,296 |
| Year Ended December 31, 2018
(in millions) | Commercial |  | Retail |  | Total |
Allowance for loan and lease losses, beginning of period |  | $685 |  |  | $551 |  |  | $1,236 |
Charge-offs | (52 | ) | (442 | ) | (494 | )
Recoveries | 19 |  | 158 |  | 177 |
Net charge-offs | (33 | ) | (284 | ) | (317 | )
Provision charged to income | 38 |  | 285 |  | 323 |
Allowance for loan and lease losses, end of period | 690 |  | 552 |  | 1,242 |
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, beginning of period | 88 |  | — |  | 88 |
Provision for unfunded lending commitments | 3 |  | — |  | 3 |
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, end of period | 91 |  | — |  | 91 |
Total allowance for credit losses, end of period |  | $781 |  |  | $552 |  |  | $1,333 |
| Year Ended December 31, 2017
(in millions) | Commercial |  | Retail |  | Total |
Allowance for loan and lease losses, beginning of period |  | $663 |  |  | $573 |  |  | $1,236 |
Charge-offs | (75 | ) | (437 | ) | (512 | )
Recoveries | 40 |  | 167 |  | 207 |
Net charge-offs | (35 | ) | (270 | ) | (305 | )
Provision charged to income(1) | 57 |  | 248 |  | 305 |
Allowance for loan and lease losses, end of period | 685 |  | 551 |  | 1,236 |
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, beginning of period | 72 |  | — |  | 72 |
Provision for unfunded lending commitments | 16 |  | — |  | 16 |
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, end of period | 88 |  | — |  | 88 |
Total allowance for credit losses, end of period |  | $773 |  |  | $551 |  |  | $1,324 |
(1) Includes an increase of approximately $50 million to commercial and corresponding decrease to retail for the impact of the enhancement to the assessment of qualitative risks, factors and events that may not be measured in the modeled results.
Schedule of loans and leases based on evaluation method | The following table presents the recorded investment in loans and leases based on the Company’s evaluation methodology:
| December 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
(in millions) | Commercial |  | Retail |  | Total |  |  | Commercial |  | Retail |  | Total |
Individually evaluated |  | $399 |  |  | $667 |  |  | $1,066 |  |  |  | $391 |  |  | $723 |  |  | $1,114 |
Formula-based evaluation | 57,139 |  | 60,883 |  | 118,022 |  |  | 56,392 |  | 59,154 |  | 115,546 |
Total loans and leases |  | $57,538 |  |  | $61,550 |  |  | $119,088 |  |  |  | $56,783 |  |  | $59,877 |  |  | $116,660 |
Schedule of allowance for credit losses by evaluation method | The following table presents a summary of the ACL by evaluation methodology:
| December 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
(in millions) | Commercial |  | Retail |  | Total |  |  | Commercial |  | Retail |  | Total |
Individually evaluated |  | $85 |  |  | $25 |  |  | $110 |  |  |  | $38 |  |  | $26 |  |  | $64 |
Formula-based evaluation | 633 |  | 553 |  | 1,186 |  |  | 743 |  | 526 |  | 1,269 |
Allowance for credit losses |  | $718 |  |  | $578 |  |  | $1,296 |  |  |  | $781 |  |  | $552 |  |  | $1,333 |
Schedule of classes of commercial loans and leases based on regulatory classifications | The following tables present the recorded investment in commercial loans and leases based on regulatory classification ratings:
| December 31, 2019
|  | Criticized |
(in millions) | Pass |  | Special Mention |  | Substandard |  | Doubtful |  | Total |
Commercial |  | $38,950 |  |  | $1,351 |  |  | $934 |  |  | $244 |  |  | $41,479 |
Commercial real estate | 13,169 |  | 318 |  | 33 |  | 2 |  | 13,522 |
Leases | 2,383 |  | 109 |  | 42 |  | 3 |  | 2,537 |
Total commercial loans and leases |  | $54,502 |  |  | $1,778 |  |  | $1,009 |  |  | $249 |  |  | $57,538 |
| December 31, 2018
|  | Criticized |
(in millions) | Pass |  | Special Mention |  | Substandard |  | Doubtful |  | Total |
Commercial |  | $38,600 |  |  | $1,231 |  |  | $828 |  |  | $198 |  |  | $40,857 |
Commercial real estate | 12,523 |  | 412 |  | 82 |  | 6 |  | 13,023 |
Leases | 2,823 |  | 39 |  | 41 |  | — |  | 2,903 |
Total commercial loans and leases |  | $53,946 |  |  | $1,682 |  |  | $951 |  |  | $204 |  |  | $56,783 |
Schedule of retail loan investments categorized by delinquency status | The following tables present the recorded investment in classes of retail loans, categorized by delinquency status:
| December 31, 2019
|  | Days Past Due |
(in millions) | Current |  | 1-29 | 30-59 | 60-89 | 90 or More | Total |
Residential mortgages |  | $18,818 |  |  | $129 |  |  | $35 |  |  | $17 |  |  | $84 |  |  | $19,083 |
Home equity loans | 713 |  | 64 |  | 10 |  | 4 |  | 21 |  | 812 |
Home equity lines of credit | 11,383 |  | 346 |  | 72 |  | 32 |  | 146 |  | 11,979 |
Home equity loans serviced by others | 244 |  | 23 |  | 7 |  | 3 |  | 12 |  | 289 |
Home equity lines of credit serviced by others | 50 |  | 11 |  | 2 |  | 1 |  | 10 |  | 74 |
Automobile | 10,787 |  | 1,001 |  | 227 |  | 81 |  | 24 |  | 12,120 |
Education | 10,088 |  | 202 |  | 30 |  | 15 |  | 12 |  | 10,347 |
Credit cards | 2,076 |  | 74 |  | 15 |  | 11 |  | 22 |  | 2,198 |
Other retail | 4,492 |  | 87 |  | 30 |  | 20 |  | 19 |  | 4,648 |
Total retail loans |  | $58,651 |  |  | $1,937 |  |  | $428 |  |  | $184 |  |  | $350 |  |  | $61,550 |
| December 31, 2018
|  | Days Past Due |
(in millions) | Current |  | 1-29 | 30-59 | 60-89 | 90 or More | Total |
Residential mortgages |  | $18,664 |  |  | $131 |  |  | $37 |  |  | $13 |  |  | $133 |  |  | $18,978 |
Home equity loans | 945 |  | 75 |  | 12 |  | 3 |  | 38 |  | 1,073 |
Home equity lines of credit | 12,042 |  | 386 |  | 65 |  | 22 |  | 195 |  | 12,710 |
Home equity loans serviced by others | 355 |  | 21 |  | 7 |  | 3 |  | 13 |  | 399 |
Home equity lines of credit serviced by others | 79 |  | 15 |  | 2 |  | 1 |  | 7 |  | 104 |
Automobile | 10,729 |  | 1,039 |  | 207 |  | 59 |  | 72 |  | 12,106 |
Education | 8,694 |  | 159 |  | 23 |  | 13 |  | 11 |  | 8,900 |
Credit cards | 1,894 |  | 53 |  | 14 |  | 10 |  | 20 |  | 1,991 |
Other retail | 3,481 |  | 76 |  | 26 |  | 18 |  | 15 |  | 3,616 |
Total retail loans |  | $56,883 |  |  | $1,955 |  |  | $393 |  |  | $142 |  |  | $504 |  |  | $59,877 |
Schedule of nonperforming loans and leases by class | The following table presents nonperforming loans and leases and loans accruing and 90 days or more past due:
| Nonperforming (1)(2) |  | Accruing and 90 days or more past due
(in millions) | December 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Commercial |  | $240 |  |  |  | $194 |  |  |  | $2 |  |  |  | $1 |
Commercial real estate | 2 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Leases | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total commercial loans and leases | 245 |  |  | 201 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |
Residential mortgages | 93 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 15 |
Home equity loans | 33 |  |  | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity lines of credit | 187 |  |  | 231 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity loans serviced by others | 14 |  |  | 17 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity lines of credit serviced by others | 12 |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Automobile | 67 |  |  | 81 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Education | 18 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Credit card | 22 |  |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other retail | 12 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 7 |
Total retail loans | 458 |  |  | 565 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 24 |
Total |  | $703 |  |  |  | $766 |  |  |  | $25 |  |  |  | $25 |
(1) Nonperforming balances exclude first lien residential mortgage loans that are 100% guaranteed by the Federal Housing Administration. These loans are included in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. (2) Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2019, nonperforming balances exclude both fully and partially guaranteed residential mortgage loans sold to Ginnie Mae for which the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to repurchase. Prior periods have been adjusted to exclude partially guaranteed amounts to conform with the current period presentation. These loans are included in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Summary of key performance indicators | The following table presents a summary of nonperforming loan and lease key performance indicators:
| December 31,
| 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Nonperforming commercial loans and leases as a percentage of total loans and leases | 0.21 | % |  | 0.17 | %
Nonperforming retail loans as a percentage of total loans and leases | 0.38 |  |  | 0.49 |
Total nonperforming loans and leases as a percentage of total loans and leases (1) | 0.59 | % |  | 0.66 | %
Nonperforming commercial assets as a percentage of total assets | 0.15 | % |  | 0.13 | %
Nonperforming retail assets as a percentage of total assets | 0.30 |  |  | 0.37 |
Total nonperforming assets as a percentage of total assets | 0.45 | % |  | 0.50 | %
(1) Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2019, nonperforming balances exclude both fully and partially guaranteed residential mortgage loans sold to Ginnie Mae for which the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to repurchase. Prior periods have been adjusted to exclude partially guaranteed amounts to conform with the current period presentation. These loans are included in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Analysis of age of past due amounts | The following table presents the aging of both accruing and nonaccruing loan and lease past due amounts:
| December 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| Days Past Due |  | Days Past Due
(in millions) | 30-59 | 60-89 | 90 or More | Total |  | 30-59 | 60-89 | 90 or More | Total
Commercial |  | $45 |  |  | $27 |  |  | $67 |  |  | $139 |  |  |  | $85 |  |  | $3 |  |  | $78 |  |  | $166 |
Commercial real estate | 1 |  | 1 |  | — |  | 2 |  |  | 8 |  | 32 |  | 5 |  | 45 |
Leases | 37 |  | — |  | 2 |  | 39 |  |  | 7 |  | — |  | — |  | 7 |
Total commercial loans and leases | 83 |  | 28 |  | 69 |  | 180 |  |  | 100 |  | 35 |  | 83 |  | 218 |
Residential mortgages | 35 |  | 17 |  | 84 |  | 136 |  |  | 37 |  | 13 |  | 133 |  | 183 |
Home equity loans | 10 |  | 4 |  | 21 |  | 35 |  |  | 12 |  | 3 |  | 38 |  | 53 |
Home equity lines of credit | 72 |  | 32 |  | 146 |  | 250 |  |  | 65 |  | 22 |  | 195 |  | 282 |
Home equity loans serviced by others | 7 |  | 3 |  | 12 |  | 22 |  |  | 7 |  | 3 |  | 13 |  | 23 |
Home equity lines of credit serviced by others | 2 |  | 1 |  | 10 |  | 13 |  |  | 2 |  | 1 |  | 7 |  | 10 |
Automobile | 227 |  | 81 |  | 24 |  | 332 |  |  | 207 |  | 59 |  | 72 |  | 338 |
Education | 30 |  | 15 |  | 12 |  | 57 |  |  | 23 |  | 13 |  | 11 |  | 47 |
Credit cards | 15 |  | 11 |  | 22 |  | 48 |  |  | 14 |  | 10 |  | 20 |  | 44 |
Other retail | 30 |  | 20 |  | 19 |  | 69 |  |  | 26 |  | 18 |  | 15 |  | 59 |
Total retail loans | 428 |  | 184 |  | 350 |  | 962 |  |  | 393 |  | 142 |  | 504 |  | 1,039 |
Total |  | $511 |  |  | $212 |  |  | $419 |  |  | $1,142 |  |  |  | $493 |  |  | $177 |  |  | $587 |  |  | $1,257 |
Schedule of impaired loans by class | The following tables present a summary of impaired loans by class:
| December 31, 2019
(in millions) | Impaired Loans With a Related Allowance | Allowance on Impaired Loans | Impaired Loans Without a Related Allowance | Unpaid Contractual Balance | Total Recorded Investment in Impaired Loans
Commercial |  | $243 |  |  | $85 |  |  | $137 |  |  | $458 |  |  | $380 |
Commercial real estate | — |  | — |  | 19 |  | 19 |  | 19 |
Total commercial loans | 243 |  | 85 |  | 156 |  | 477 |  | 399 |
Residential mortgages | 29 |  | 2 |  | 125 |  | 196 |  | 154 |
Home equity loans | 22 |  | 1 |  | 65 |  | 121 |  | 87 |
Home equity lines of credit | 27 |  | 2 |  | 173 |  | 242 |  | 200 |
Home equity loans serviced by others | 15 |  | 1 |  | 16 |  | 41 |  | 31 |
Home equity lines of credit serviced by others | 1 |  | — |  | 5 |  | 9 |  | 6 |
Automobile | 1 |  | — |  | 20 |  | 30 |  | 21 |
Education | 112 |  | 9 |  | 22 |  | 135 |  | 134 |
Credit cards | 27 |  | 9 |  | 1 |  | 29 |  | 28 |
Other retail | 3 |  | 1 |  | 3 |  | 8 |  | 6 |
Total retail loans | 237 |  | 25 |  | 430 |  | 811 |  | 667 |
Total |  | $480 |  |  | $110 |  |  | $586 |  |  | $1,288 |  |  | $1,066 |
| December 31, 2018
(in millions) | Impaired Loans With a Related Allowance | Allowance on Impaired Loans | Impaired Loans Without a Related Allowance | Unpaid Contractual Balance | Total Recorded Investment in Impaired Loans
Commercial |  | $186 |  |  | $31 |  |  | $167 |  |  | $450 |  |  | $353 |
Commercial real estate | 32 |  | 7 |  | 6 |  | 38 |  | 38 |
Total commercial loans | 218 |  | 38 |  | 173 |  | 488 |  | 391 |
Residential mortgages | 28 |  | 2 |  | 127 |  | 201 |  | 155 |
Home equity loans | 34 |  | 3 |  | 76 |  | 148 |  | 110 |
Home equity lines of credit | 21 |  | 1 |  | 181 |  | 244 |  | 202 |
Home equity loans serviced by others | 22 |  | 1 |  | 19 |  | 54 |  | 41 |
Home equity lines of credit serviced by others | 1 |  | — |  | 7 |  | 11 |  | 8 |
Automobile | 1 |  | — |  | 22 |  | 31 |  | 23 |
Education | 130 |  | 11 |  | 23 |  | 153 |  | 153 |
Credit cards | 24 |  | 7 |  | 1 |  | 25 |  | 25 |
Other retail | 4 |  | 1 |  | 2 |  | 8 |  | 6 |
Total retail loans | 265 |  | 26 |  | 458 |  | 875 |  | 723 |
Total |  | $483 |  |  | $64 |  |  | $631 |  |  | $1,363 |  |  | $1,114 |
Schedule of additional information on impaired loans | The following table presents additional information on impaired loans:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
(in millions) | Interest Income Recognized | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized | Average Recorded Investment
Commercial |  | $11 |  |  | $311 |  |  |  | $9 |  |  | $312 |  |  |  | $4 |  |  | $380 |
Commercial real estate | 1 |  | 39 |  |  | 1 |  | 32 |  |  | — |  | 37 |
Total commercial loans | 12 |  | 350 |  |  | 10 |  | 344 |  |  | 4 |  | 417 |
Residential mortgages | 5 |  | 126 |  |  | 5 |  | 146 |  |  | 4 |  | 136 |
Home equity loans | 5 |  | 84 |  |  | 6 |  | 107 |  |  | 6 |  | 121 |
Home equity lines of credit | 7 |  | 172 |  |  | 7 |  | 181 |  |  | 6 |  | 176 |
Home equity loans serviced by others | 2 |  | 30 |  |  | 3 |  | 42 |  |  | 3 |  | 49 |
Home equity lines of credit serviced by others | — |  | 6 |  |  | — |  | 9 |  |  | — |  | 9 |
Automobile | 1 |  | 17 |  |  | 1 |  | 20 |  |  | 1 |  | 18 |
Education | 8 |  | 125 |  |  | 8 |  | 154 |  |  | 9 |  | 173 |
Credit cards | 2 |  | 21 |  |  | 1 |  | 21 |  |  | 2 |  | 22 |
Other retail | — |  | 5 |  |  | — |  | 7 |  |  | — |  | 9 |
Total retail loans | 30 |  | 586 |  |  | 31 |  | 687 |  |  | 31 |  | 713 |
Total |  | $42 |  |  | $936 |  |  |  | $41 |  |  | $1,031 |  |  |  | $35 |  |  | $1,130 |
Troubled debt restructurings on financing receivables | The following table summarizes TDRs by class and total unfunded commitments:
| December 31,
(in millions) | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Commercial |  | $297 |  |  |  | $304 |
Retail | 667 |  |  | 723 |
Unfunded commitments related to TDRs | 42 |  |  | 30 |
The following tables summarize how loans were modified during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. The reported balances represent the post-modification outstanding recorded investment and can include loans that became TDRs during the period and were paid off in full, charged off, or sold prior to period end. Pre-modification balances for modified loans approximate the post-modification balances shown.
| December 31, 2019
| Primary Modification Types
| Interest Rate Reduction(1) |  | Maturity Extension(2) |  | Other(3)
(dollars in millions) | Number of Contracts | Recorded Investment |  | Number of Contracts | Recorded Investment |  | Number of Contracts | Recorded Investment
Commercial | 3 |  |  | $— |  |  | 26 |  |  | $5 |  |  | 56 |  |  | $210 |
Commercial real estate | — |  | — |  |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |
Total commercial loans | 3 |  | — |  |  | 27 |  | 5 |  |  | 56 |  | 210 |
Residential mortgages | 60 |  | 12 |  |  | 62 |  | 10 |  |  | 120 |  | 17 |
Home equity loans | 31 |  | 2 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 82 |  | 4 |
Home equity lines of credit | 163 |  | 18 |  |  | 72 |  | 11 |  |  | 350 |  | 22 |
Home equity loans serviced by others | 2 |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 14 |  | — |
Home equity lines of credit serviced by others | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 8 |  | — |
Automobile | 160 |  | 3 |  |  | 21 |  | — |  |  | 1,250 |  | 17 |
Education | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 272 |  | 7 |
Credit cards | 3,259 |  | 18 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 304 |  | 1 |
Other retail | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 176 |  | 1 |
Total retail loans | 3,675 |  | 53 |  |  | 155 |  | 21 |  |  | 2,576 |  | 69 |
Total | 3,678 |  |  | $53 |  |  | 182 |  |  | $26 |  |  | 2,632 |  |  | $279 |
| December 31, 2018
| Primary Modification Types
| Interest Rate Reduction(1) |  | Maturity Extension(2) |  | Other(3)
(dollars in millions) | Number of Contracts | Recorded Investment |  | Number of Contracts | Recorded Investment |  | Number of Contracts | Recorded Investment
Commercial | 7 |  |  | $1 |  |  | 49 |  |  | $22 |  |  | 53 |  |  | $200 |
Commercial real estate | — |  | — |  |  | 3 |  | 31 |  |  | 2 |  | 31 |
Total commercial loans | 7 |  | 1 |  |  | 52 |  | 53 |  |  | 55 |  | 231 |
Residential mortgages | 35 |  | 4 |  |  | 61 |  | 8 |  |  | 142 |  | 17 |
Home equity loans | 43 |  | 4 |  |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | 134 |  | 5 |
Home equity lines of credit | 76 |  | 7 |  |  | 178 |  | 26 |  |  | 413 |  | 29 |
Home equity loans serviced by others | 4 |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 23 |  | 1 |
Home equity lines of credit serviced by others | 5 |  | — |  |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | 14 |  | 1 |
Automobile | 158 |  | 3 |  |  | 46 |  | 1 |  |  | 1,189 |  | 17 |
Education | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 355 |  | 7 |
Credit cards | 2,312 |  | 13 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |
Other retail | 1 |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 9 |  | — |
Total retail loans | 2,634 |  | 31 |  |  | 287 |  | 35 |  |  | 2,279 |  | 77 |
Total | 2,641 |  |  | $32 |  |  | 339 |  |  | $88 |  |  | 2,334 |  |  | $308 |
| December 31, 2017
| Primary Modification Types
| Interest Rate Reduction(1) |  | Maturity Extension(2) |  | Other(3)
(dollars in millions) | Number of Contracts | Recorded Investment |  | Number of Contracts | Recorded Investment |  | Number of Contracts | Recorded Investment
Commercial | 7 |  |  | $1 |  |  | 45 |  |  | $22 |  |  | 15 |  |  | $71 |
Commercial real estate | — |  | — |  |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | 1 |  | — |
Total commercial loans | 7 |  | 1 |  |  | 46 |  | 22 |  |  | 16 |  | 71 |
Residential mortgages | 71 |  | 10 |  |  | 73 |  | 13 |  |  | 171 |  | 19 |
Home equity loans | 82 |  | 6 |  |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | 232 |  | 13 |
Home equity lines of credit | 50 |  | 3 |  |  | 235 |  | 30 |  |  | 395 |  | 27 |
Home equity loans serviced by others | 15 |  | 1 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 52 |  | 2 |
Home equity lines of credit serviced by others | 5 |  | — |  |  | 2 |  | — |  |  | 26 |  | 2 |
Automobile | 130 |  | 2 |  |  | 29 |  | 1 |  |  | 1,336 |  | 20 |
Education | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 329 |  | 7 |
Credit cards | 2,363 |  | 13 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |
Other retail | 1 |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 5 |  | — |
Total retail loans | 2,717 |  | 35 |  |  | 340 |  | 44 |  |  | 2,546 |  | 90 |
Total | 2,724 |  |  | $36 |  |  | 386 |  |  | $66 |  |  | 2,562 |  |  | $161 |
(1) Includes modifications that consist of multiple concessions, one of which is an interest rate reduction. (2) Includes modifications that consist of multiple concessions, one of which is a maturity extension (unless one of the other concessions was an interest rate reduction). (3) Includes modifications other than interest rate reductions or maturity extensions, such as lowering scheduled payments for a specified period of time, principal forgiveness, and capitalizing arrearages. Also included are the following: deferrals, trial modifications, certain bankruptcies, loans in forbearance and prepayment plans. Modifications can include the deferral of accrued interest resulting in post modification balances being higher than pre-modification.
Schedule of loans that may increase credit exposure | The following tables present balances of loans with these characteristics:
| December 31, 2019
(in millions) | Residential Mortgages | Home Equity Loans and Lines of Credit | Home Equity Products Serviced by Others | Credit Cards | Total |
High loan-to-value |  | $402 |  |  | $61 |  |  | $90 |  |  | $— |  |  | $553 |
Interest only/negative amortization | 2,043 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2,043 |
Low introductory rate | — |  | — |  | — |  | 235 |  | 235 |
Multiple characteristics and other | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Total |  | $2,445 |  |  | $61 |  |  | $90 |  |  | $235 |  |  | $2,831 |
| December 31, 2018
(in millions) | Residential Mortgages | Home Equity Loans and Lines of Credit | Home Equity Products Serviced by Others | Credit Cards | Education |  | Total |
High loan-to-value |  | $318 |  |  | $87 |  |  | $148 |  |  | $— |  |  | $— |  |  | $553 |
Interest only/negative amortization | 1,794 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 1,795 |
Low introductory rate | — |  | — |  | — |  | 217 |  | — |  | 217 |
Multiple characteristics and other | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |
Total |  | $2,113 |  |  | $87 |  |  | $148 |  |  | $217 |  |  | $1 |  |  | $2,566 |

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