10-Q 1 fcnca_10qx06302017.htm 10-Q
Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
____________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
____________________________________________________
x Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2017
or
¨ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Commission File Number: 001-16715
____________________________________________________
First Citizens BancShares, Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
____________________________________________________

Delaware | 56-1528994
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
4300 Six Forks Road, Raleigh, North Carolina | 27609
(Address of principle executive offices) | (Zip code)

(919) 716-7000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
____________________________________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding twelve months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past ninety days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files) Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “larger accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer | x |  | Accelerated filer | ¨
Non-accelerated filer | ¨ |  | Smaller reporting company | ¨
|  |  | Emerging growth company | ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
Class A Common Stock—$1 Par Value—11,005,220 shares
Class B Common Stock—$1 Par Value—1,005,185 shares
(Number of shares outstanding, by class, as of August 2, 2017)

Table of Contents
INDEX

|  | Page No.
PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements |
| Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) | 3
| Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) | 5
| Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited) | 6
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) | 6
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 7
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 42
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 65
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 65
PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 66
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 66
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 66
Item 6. | Exhibits | 66

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PART I

Item 1. | Financial Statements

First Citizens BancShares, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Dollars in thousands, unaudited) | June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Assets |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 556,772 |  |  | $ | 539,741 |
Overnight investments | 2,882,789 |  |  | 1,872,594 |
Investment securities available for sale | 6,596,450 |  |  | 7,006,580 |
Investment securities held to maturity | 80 |  |  | 98 |
Loans held for sale ($70,025 and $74,401 at fair value at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively) | 154,534 |  |  | 74,401 |
Loans and leases | 22,871,465 |  |  | 21,737,878 |
Allowance for loan and lease losses | (228,798 | ) |  | (218,795 | )
Net loans and leases | 22,642,667 |  |  | 21,519,083 |
Premises and equipment | 1,129,993 |  |  | 1,133,044 |
Other real estate owned | 60,781 |  |  | 61,231 |
Income earned not collected | 86,640 |  |  | 79,839 |
FDIC shared-loss receivable | 3,766 |  |  | 4,172 |
Goodwill | 150,601 |  |  | 150,601 |
Other intangible assets | 80,544 |  |  | 78,040 |
Other assets | 424,233 |  |  | 471,412 |
Total assets | $ | 34,769,850 |  |  | $ | 32,990,836 |
Liabilities |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing | $ | 11,175,581 |  |  | $ | 10,130,549 |
Interest-bearing | 18,280,757 |  |  | 18,030,794 |
Total deposits | 29,456,338 |  |  | 28,161,343 |
Short-term borrowings | 784,517 |  |  | 603,487 |
Long-term obligations | 879,957 |  |  | 832,942 |
FDIC shared-loss payable | 99,126 |  |  | 97,008 |
Other liabilities | 310,061 |  |  | 283,629 |
Total liabilities | 31,529,999 |  |  | 29,978,409 |
Shareholders’ equity |  |  |
Common stock: |  |  |
Class A - $1 par value (16,000,000 shares authorized; 11,005,220 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016) | 11,005 |  |  | 11,005 |
Class B - $1 par value (2,000,000 shares authorized; 1,005,185 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016) | 1,005 |  |  | 1,005 |
Preferred stock - $0.01 par value (10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016) | — |  |  | — |
Surplus | 658,918 |  |  | 658,918 |
Retained earnings | 2,671,766 |  |  | 2,476,691 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (102,843 | ) |  | (135,192 | )
Total shareholders’ equity | 3,239,851 |  |  | 3,012,427 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 34,769,850 |  |  | $ | 32,990,836 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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First Citizens BancShares, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Income

| Three months ended June 30 |  | Six months ended June 30
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data, unaudited) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Interest income |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans and leases | $ | 235,732 |  |  | $ | 215,442 |  |  | $ | 462,362 |  |  | $ | 431,846 |
Investment securities and dividend income | 30,406 |  |  | 24,702 |  |  | 60,157 |  |  | 47,744 |
Overnight investments | 6,404 |  |  | 3,225 |  |  | 10,880 |  |  | 6,891 |
Total interest income | 272,542 |  |  | 243,369 |  |  | 533,399 |  |  | 486,481 |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | 4,132 |  |  | 4,601 |  |  | 8,568 |  |  | 9,260 |
Short-term borrowings | 1,176 |  |  | 454 |  |  | 1,756 |  |  | 888 |
Long-term obligations | 5,625 |  |  | 6,125 |  |  | 11,123 |  |  | 11,424 |
Total interest expense | 10,933 |  |  | 11,180 |  |  | 21,447 |  |  | 21,572 |
Net interest income | 261,609 |  |  | 232,189 |  |  | 511,952 |  |  | 464,909 |
Provision for loan and lease losses | 12,324 |  |  | 4,562 |  |  | 20,555 |  |  | 9,405 |
Net interest income after provision for loan and lease losses | 249,285 |  |  | 227,627 |  |  | 491,397 |  |  | 455,504 |
Noninterest income |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain on acquisitions | 122,728 |  |  | 3,290 |  |  | 134,745 |  |  | 4,994 |
Cardholder services | 24,287 |  |  | 21,054 |  |  | 45,545 |  |  | 40,412 |
Merchant services | 26,590 |  |  | 24,236 |  |  | 51,577 |  |  | 46,213 |
Service charges on deposit accounts | 25,862 |  |  | 21,884 |  |  | 48,004 |  |  | 43,734 |
Wealth management services | 21,920 |  |  | 21,291 |  |  | 42,882 |  |  | 40,925 |
Securities gains | 3,351 |  |  | 12,529 |  |  | 3,327 |  |  | 17,157 |
Other service charges and fees | 6,628 |  |  | 7,137 |  |  | 14,229 |  |  | 14,126 |
Mortgage income | 4,966 |  |  | 4,537 |  |  | 12,542 |  |  | 5,848 |
Insurance commissions | 2,563 |  |  | 2,265 |  |  | 6,121 |  |  | 5,443 |
ATM income | 2,513 |  |  | 1,845 |  |  | 4,286 |  |  | 3,610 |
Adjustments to FDIC shared-loss receivable | (1,273 | ) |  | (2,367 | ) |  | (2,901 | ) |  | (4,900 | )
Net impact from FDIC shared-loss agreement termination | — |  |  | 16,559 |  |  | (45 | ) |  | 16,559 |
Other | 8,065 |  |  | 5,990 |  |  | 15,180 |  |  | 11,411 |
Total noninterest income | 248,200 |  |  | 140,250 |  |  | 375,492 |  |  | 245,532 |
Noninterest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and wages | 118,169 |  |  | 104,059 |  |  | 230,432 |  |  | 207,958 |
Employee benefits | 27,095 |  |  | 25,661 |  |  | 56,388 |  |  | 53,011 |
Occupancy expense | 26,059 |  |  | 24,955 |  |  | 50,821 |  |  | 49,967 |
Equipment expense | 24,654 |  |  | 22,715 |  |  | 49,242 |  |  | 45,060 |
Merchant processing | 19,677 |  |  | 17,925 |  |  | 37,971 |  |  | 34,238 |
Cardholder processing | 7,709 |  |  | 7,372 |  |  | 14,516 |  |  | 14,659 |
FDIC insurance expense | 5,705 |  |  | 4,588 |  |  | 11,298 |  |  | 9,377 |
Foreclosure-related expenses | 580 |  |  | (1,116 | ) |  | 3,051 |  |  | 615 |
Merger-related expenses | 6,853 |  |  | 1,385 |  |  | 7,686 |  |  | 1,423 |
Other | 49,105 |  |  | 50,759 |  |  | 88,546 |  |  | 93,666 |
Total noninterest expense | 285,606 |  |  | 258,303 |  |  | 549,951 |  |  | 509,974 |
Income before income taxes | 211,879 |  |  | 109,574 |  |  | 316,938 |  |  | 191,062 |
Income taxes | 77,219 |  |  | 40,258 |  |  | 114,657 |  |  | 69,674 |
Net income | $ | 134,660 |  |  | $ | 69,316 |  |  | $ | 202,281 |  |  | $ | 121,388 |
Average shares outstanding | 12,010,405 |  |  | 12,010,405 |  |  | 12,010,405 |  |  | 12,010,405 |
Net income per share | $ | 11.21 |  |  | $ | 5.77 |  |  | $ | 16.84 |  |  | $ | 10.11 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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First Citizens BancShares, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

| Three months ended June 30 |  | Six months ended June 30
(Dollars in thousands, unaudited) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net income | $ | 134,660 |  |  | $ | 69,316 |  |  | $ | 202,281 |  |  | $ | 121,388 |
Other comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gains on securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in unrealized securities gains arising during period | 13,771 |  |  | 24,176 |  |  | 49,867 |  |  | 92,209 |
Tax effect | (5,125 | ) |  | (9,261 | ) |  | (18,544 | ) |  | (35,277 | )
Reclassification adjustment for net gains realized and included in income before income taxes | (3,351 | ) |  | (12,529 | ) |  | (3,327 | ) |  | (17,157 | )
Tax effect | 1,240 |  |  | 4,793 |  |  | 1,231 |  |  | 6,563 |
Total change in unrealized gains on securities, net of tax | 6,535 |  |  | 7,179 |  |  | 29,227 |  |  | 46,338 |
Change in fair value of cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in unrecognized loss on cash flow hedges | — |  |  | 729 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,429 |
Tax effect | — |  |  | (274 | ) |  | — |  |  | (537 | )
Total change in unrecognized loss on cash flow hedges, net of tax | — |  |  | 455 |  |  | — |  |  | 892 |
Change in pension obligation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of actuarial losses and prior service cost | 2,460 |  |  | 1,882 |  |  | 4,960 |  |  | 3,534 |
Tax effect | (897 | ) |  | (719 | ) |  | (1,838 | ) |  | (1,351 | )
Total change in pension obligation, net of tax | 1,563 |  |  | 1,163 |  |  | 3,122 |  |  | 2,183 |
Other comprehensive income | 8,098 |  |  | 8,797 |  |  | 32,349 |  |  | 49,413 |
Total comprehensive income | $ | 142,758 |  |  | $ | 78,113 |  |  | $ | 234,630 |  |  | $ | 170,801 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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First Citizens BancShares, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

(Dollars in thousands, unaudited) | Class A Common Stock |  | Class B Common Stock |  | Surplus |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance at December 31, 2015 | $ | 11,005 |  |  | $ | 1,005 |  |  | $ | 658,918 |  |  | $ | 2,265,621 |  |  | $ | (64,440 | ) |  | $ | 2,872,109 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 121,388 |  |  | — |  |  | 121,388 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 49,413 |  |  | 49,413 |
Cash dividends ($0.60 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,206 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7,206 | )
Balance at June 30, 2016 | $ | 11,005 |  |  | $ | 1,005 |  |  | $ | 658,918 |  |  | $ | 2,379,803 |  |  | $ | (15,027 | ) |  | $ | 3,035,704 |
Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | 11,005 |  |  | $ | 1,005 |  |  | $ | 658,918 |  |  | $ | 2,476,691 |  |  | $ | (135,192 | ) |  | $ | 3,012,427 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 202,281 |  |  | — |  |  | 202,281 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 32,349 |  |  | 32,349 |
Cash dividends ($0.60 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,206 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7,206 | )
Balance at June 30, 2017 | $ | 11,005 |  |  | $ | 1,005 |  |  | $ | 658,918 |  |  | $ | 2,671,766 |  |  | $ | (102,843 | ) |  | $ | 3,239,851 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
First Citizens BancShares, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

| Six months ended June 30
(Dollars in thousands, unaudited) | 2017 |  | 2016
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Net income | $ | 202,281 |  |  | $ | 121,388 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Provision for loan and lease losses | 20,555 |  |  | 9,405 |
Deferred tax expense (benefit) | 45,628 |  |  | (8,501 | )
Net change in current taxes | 17,404 |  |  | (5,757 | )
Depreciation | 45,420 |  |  | 44,476 |
Net increase in accrued interest payable | 1,344 |  |  | 624 |
Net increase in income earned not collected | (290 | ) |  | (1,872 | )
Gain on acquisitions | (134,745 | ) |  | (4,994 | )
Securities gains | (3,327 | ) |  | (17,157 | )
Loss on termination of FDIC shared-loss agreements | 45 |  |  | 3,377 |
Origination of loans held for sale | (299,136 | ) |  | (361,652 | )
Proceeds from sale of loans held for sale | 309,791 |  |  | 342,505 |
Gain on sale of loans held for sale | (6,279 | ) |  | (5,882 | )
Gain on sale of portfolio loans | (164 | ) |  | — |
Net write-downs/losses on other real estate | 2,160 |  |  | 3,884 |
Gain on sales of premises and equipment | (159 | ) |  | — |
Net accretion of premiums and discounts | (22,918 | ) |  | (23,859 | )
Amortization of intangible assets | 11,045 |  |  | 11,135 |
Reduction in FDIC receivable for shared-loss agreements | 4,821 |  |  | 7,571 |
Net change in FDIC payable for shared-loss agreements | 2,118 |  |  | (14,001 | )
Net change in other assets | (34,340 | ) |  | (25,924 | )
Net change in other liabilities | 29,647 |  |  | 19,718 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 190,901 |  |  | 94,484 |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Net increase in loans outstanding | (462,385 | ) |  | (416,812 | )
Purchases of investment securities available for sale | (1,186,883 | ) |  | (1,966,181 | )
Proceeds from maturities/calls of investment securities held to maturity | 18 |  |  | 99 |
Proceeds from maturities/calls of investment securities available for sale | 1,140,459 |  |  | 627,971 |
Proceeds from sales of investment securities available for sale | 517,588 |  |  | 1,370,768 |
Net increase in overnight investments | (908,583 | ) |  | (173,134 | )
Proceeds from sales of portfolio loans | 32,294 |  |  | 13,328 |
Cash paid to the FDIC for shared-loss agreements | (5,197 | ) |  | (13,502 | )
Net cash paid to the FDIC for termination of shared-loss agreements | (285 | ) |  | (20,115 | )
Proceeds from sales of other real estate | 20,236 |  |  | 16,010 |
Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment | 2,305 |  |  | — |
Purchases of premises and equipment | (35,912 | ) |  | (29,617 | )
Net cash acquired in business acquisitions | 300,703 |  |  | 27,943 |
Net cash used by investing activities | (585,642 | ) |  | (563,242 | )
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Net decrease in time deposits | (238,751 | ) |  | (250,151 | )
Net increase in demand and other interest-bearing deposits | 429,684 |  |  | 421,082 |
Net increase in short-term borrowings | 61,030 |  |  | 132,167 |
Repayment of long-term obligations | (7,985 | ) |  | (3,651 | )
Origination of long-term obligations | 175,000 |  |  | 150,000 |
Cash dividends paid | (7,206 | ) |  | (7,206 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities | 411,772 |  |  | 442,241 |
Change in cash and due from banks | 17,031 |  |  | (26,517 | )
Cash and due from banks at beginning of period | 539,741 |  |  | 534,086 |
Cash and due from banks at end of period | $ | 556,772 |  |  | $ | 507,569 |
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
Transfers of loans to other real estate | $ | 21,891 |  |  | $ | 21,280 |
Dividends declared but not paid | 3,603 |  |  | 3,603 |
Unsettled sales of investment securities | — |  |  | 361,225 |
Reclassification of portfolio loans to loans held for sale | 84,509 |  |  | — |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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First Citizens BancShares, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE A - ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
First Citizens BancShares, Inc. (BancShares) is a financial holding company organized under the laws of Delaware and conducts operations through its banking subsidiary, First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company (FCB), which is headquartered in Raleigh, North Carolina.
General
These consolidated financial statements and notes thereto are presented in accordance with instructions for Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X and, therefore, do not include all information and notes necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flow activity required in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). In the opinion of management, all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial position and consolidated results of operations have been made. The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and footnotes included in BancShares' Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Reclassifications
In certain instances, amounts reported in prior years' consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current financial statement presentation. Such reclassifications had no effect on previously reported shareholders' equity or net income.
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and different assumptions in the application of these policies could result in material changes in BancShares' consolidated financial position, the consolidated results of operations or related disclosures. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change include:

• | Allowance for loan and lease losses;

• | Fair value of financial instruments, including acquired assets and assumed liabilities;

• | Pension plan assumptions;

• | Cash flow estimates on purchased credit-impaired loans;

• | Goodwill, mortgage servicing rights and other intangible assets;

• | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) shared-loss payable; and

• | Income tax assets, liabilities and expense

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2017-03, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections (Topic 250) and Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to Staff Announcements at the September 22, 2016 and November 17, 2016 EITF Meetings (SEC Update)
This ASU adds an SEC paragraph and amends other Topics pursuant to an SEC Staff Announcement that states a registrant should evaluate ASUs that have not yet been adopted, including ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), and ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments–Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, to determine the appropriate financial statement disclosures about the potential material effects of those ASUs on the financial statements when adopted. If a registrant does not know or cannot reasonably estimate the impact that adoption of the ASUs referenced are expected to have on the financial statements, then in addition to making a statement to that effect, the registrant should consider additional qualitative financial statement disclosures to assist the reader in assessing the significance of the impact the adoption will have on the financial statements, and a comparison to the registrant's current accounting policies. A registrant should describe the status of its process to implement the new standards and the significant matters yet to be addressed.
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This ASU also addresses the accounting for tax benefits resulting from investments in qualified affordable housing projects where the decision to apply the proportional amortization method of accounting is an accounting policy decision to be applied consistently to all investments that meet the conditions, rather than a decision to be applied to individual investments that qualify for the use of the proportional amortization method.
The amendments in this ASU are effective upon issuance. We adopted the guidance effective in the first quarter of 2017. The disclosures required by this ASU are included within the “Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements” section below. The adoption did not have an impact on our consolidated financial position or consolidated results of operations.
FASB ASU 2016-17, Consolidation (Topic 810): Interests Held Through Related Parties That Are Under Common Control
This ASU does not change the characteristics of a primary beneficiary in current GAAP; however, it requires that a reporting entity, in determining whether it satisfies the second characteristic of a primary beneficiary, to include all of its direct variable interests in a VIE and, on a proportionate basis, its indirect variable interests in a VIE held through related parties, including related parties that are under common control with the reporting entity. If, after performing that assessment, a reporting entity that is the single decision maker of a VIE concludes that it does not have the characteristics of a primary beneficiary, the amendments continue to require that reporting entity to evaluate whether it and one or more of its related parties under common control, as a group, have the characteristics of a primary beneficiary, then the party within the related party group that is most closely associated with the VIE is the primary beneficiary.
The amendments in this ASU are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We adopted the guidance effective in the first quarter of 2017. The adoption did not have an impact on our consolidated financial position or consolidated results of operations.
FASB ASU 2016-07, Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Simplifying the Transition to the Equity Method of Accounting
This ASU eliminates the requirement that when an investment qualifies for use of the equity method as a result of an increase in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence, an investor must adjust the investment, results of operations, and retained earnings retroactively on a step-by-step basis as if the equity method had been in effect during all previous periods that the investment had been held. The ASU requires that the equity method investor add the cost of acquiring the additional interest in the investee to the current basis of the investor's previously held interest and adopt the equity method of accounting as of the date the investment becomes qualified for equity method accounting. Therefore, upon qualifying for the equity method of accounting, no retroactive adjustment of the investment is required. Further, the ASU requires that an entity that has an available-for-sale equity security that becomes qualified for the equity method of accounting recognize through earnings, the unrealized gain or loss in accumulated other comprehensive income at the date the investment becomes qualified for use of the equity method.
The amendments in this ASU are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We adopted the guidance effective in the first quarter of 2017. The adoption did not have an impact on our consolidated financial position or consolidated results of operations.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
FASU ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805), Clarifying the Definition of a Business
This ASU provides a more robust framework to use in determining when a set of assets and activities is a business, including narrowing the definition of outputs and align it with how outputs are described in Topic 606. This ASU provides a screen to determine when an integrated set of assets and activities (collectively referred to as a "set") is not a business. The screen requires that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired or disposed of is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. This screen reduces the number of transactions that need to be further evaluated. If the screen is not met, the amendments in this ASU (1) require that to be considered a business, a set must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output and (2) remove the evaluation of whether a market participant could replace missing elements. The framework includes two sets of criteria to consider that depend on whether a set has outputs.
The amendments in this ASU are effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have an impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operation and we will adopt the guidance during the first quarter of 2018.
FASB ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment
This ASU eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under Step 2, an entity had to perform procedures to determine the fair value at the impairment testing date of its assets and liabilities (including unrecognized assets and liabilities) following the procedure that would be required in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business
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combination. Instead, under the amendments in this ASU, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Additionally, an entity should consider income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. This ASU eliminates the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative test.
This ASU will be effective for BancShares' annual or interim goodwill impairment tests for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have an impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operation and we expect to adopt the guidance for our annual impairment test in fiscal year 2020.
FASB ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
This ASU eliminates the delayed recognition of the full amount of credit losses until the loss was probable of occurring and instead will reflect an entity's current estimate of all expected credit losses. The amendments in this ASU broaden the information that an entity must consider in developing its expected credit loss estimate for assets measured either collectively or individually. The ASU does not specify a method for measuring expected credit losses and allows an entity to apply methods that reasonably reflect its expectations of the credit loss estimate based on the entity's size, complexity and risk profile. In addition, the disclosures of credit quality indicators in relation to the amortized cost of financing receivables, a current disclosure requirement, are further disaggregated by year of origination.
The amendments in this ASU are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. We will adopt the guidance by the first quarter of 2020 with a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the year of adoption. For BancShares, the standard will apply to loans, unfunded loan commitments and debt securities available for sale. We have formed a cross-functional team co-led by Finance and Risk Management and engaged a third party to assist with the adoption, which will begin with a detailed process and data gap analysis. The implementation team has developed a high-level project plan and is staying informed about the broader industry's perspective and insights, and identifying and researching key decision points. We are currently evaluating the impact the new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements as the final impact will be dependent, among other items, upon the loan portfolio composition and quality at the adoption date, as well as economic conditions and forecasts at that time.
FASB ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842)
This ASU increases transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The key difference between existing standards and this ASU is the requirement for lessees to recognize on their balance sheet all lease contracts. An entity may make an accounting election by classification to not recognize leases with terms less than 12 months on their balance sheet. Both a right-of-use asset, representing the right to use the leased asset, and a lease liability, representing the contractual obligation, are required to be recognized on the balance sheet of the lessee at lease commencement. Further, this ASU requires lessees to classify leases as either operating or finance leases, which are substantially similar to the current operating and capital leases classifications. The distinction between these two classifications under the new standard does not relate to balance sheet treatment, but relates to treatment in the statements of income and cash flows. Lessor guidance remains largely unchanged with the exception of how a lessor determines the appropriate lease classification for each lease to better align the lessor guidance with revised lessee classification guidance.
The amendments in this ASU are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. For BancShares, the impact of this ASU will primarily relate to its accounting and reporting of leases as a lessee. We will adopt during the first quarter of 2019. We have engaged a third party and developed a preliminary inventory of all leases and their terms that are currently being evaluated. We are still evaluating service contracts to identify embedded leases. While we continue to evaluate the impact of the new standard, we expect an increase to the Consolidated Balance Sheets for right-of-use assets and associated lease liabilities, as well as resulting depreciation expense of the right-of-use assets and interest expense of the lease liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Income, for arrangements previously accounted for as operating leases.
FASB ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
This ASU addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of certain financial instruments. The amendments in this ASU (1) require equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net
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income; (2) simplify the impairment assessment of equity investments without a readily determinable fair value; (3) eliminate the requirement to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet; (4) require public business entities to use exit price notion, rather than entry prices, when measuring fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes; (5) require separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial assets on the balance sheet or the accompanying notes to the financial statements; (6) require separate presentation in other comprehensive income of the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the organization has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments; and (7) state that a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets related to available-for-sale securities should be evaluated in combination with other deferred tax assets.
The amendments in this ASU are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The ASU only permits early adoption of the instrument-specific credit risk provision. We will adopt during the first quarter of 2018 with a cumulative-effect adjustment from accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) to retained earnings as of the beginning of the year of adoption. We are currently evaluating the impact the new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements. We anticipate the adoption of this ASU will primarily impact the fair value recognition of BancShares' equity securities portfolio. The cumulative-effect adjustment at adoption will be determined by the equity securities portfolio composition and valuation at the date of adoption.
FASB ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)
In May 2014, the FASB issued a standard on the recognition of revenue from contracts with customers with the core principle being for companies to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in amounts that reflect the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The new standard also results in enhanced disclosures about revenue, provides guidance for transactions that were not previously addressed comprehensively and improves guidance for multiple-element arrangements. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations, to improve the operability and understandability of the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, to clarify guidance for identifying performance obligations and licensing implementation. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients, to clarify and improve the guidance for certain aspects of Topic 606. In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, to clarify guidance for certain aspects of Topic 606.
Per ASU 2015-14, Deferral of the Effective Date, this guidance was deferred and is effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2016. We expect to adopt the ASU during the first quarter of 2018 with a cumulative-effect adjustment to opening retained earnings and the modified retrospective approach will likely be used. Our revenue is comprised of net interest income on financial assets and liabilities, which is explicitly excluded from the scope of the new guidance, and noninterest income. The contracts that are in scope of the guidance are primarily related to service charges on deposit accounts, cardholder and merchant income, wealth advisory services income, other service charges and fees, sales of other real estate, insurance commissions and miscellaneous fees. We engaged a third party to assist in developing processes and procedures for gathering evidence related to the implementation of this standard and have performed an analysis of contracts for wealth management income, for which we do not expect to have a significant impact on our results of operations. We continue to evaluate the impact of the new standard on other sources of our noninterest income and on our presentation and disclosures.
NOTE B - BUSINESS COMBINATIONS
Guaranty Bank
On May 5, 2017, FCB entered into an agreement with the FDIC, as Receiver, to purchase certain assets and assume certain liabilities of Guaranty Bank (Guaranty) of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The acquisition provides FCB with the opportunity to grow capital and enhance earnings.
The Guaranty transaction was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting and, accordingly, assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their estimated fair values on the acquisition date. Fair values are preliminary and subject to refinement for up to one year after the closing date of the acquisition as additional information regarding closing date fair values becomes available.
The fair value of the assets acquired was $875.1 million, including $574.6 million in non-purchased credit-impaired (non-PCI) loans, $114.5 million in purchased credit-impaired (PCI) loans and $9.9 million in core deposit intangibles. Liabilities assumed
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were $982.7 million, of which $982.3 million were deposits. The total gain on the transaction was $122.7 million which is included in noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The following table provides the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date.

(Dollars in thousands) | As recorded by FCB
Assets |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 48,824 |
Overnight investments | 94,134 |
Investment securities | 12,140 |
Loans | 689,086 |
Premises and equipment | 8,603 |
Other real estate owned | 55 |
Income earned not collected | 6,720 |
Intangible assets | 9,870 |
Other assets | 5,693 |
Total assets acquired | 875,125 |
Liabilities |
Deposits | 982,307 |
Other liabilities | 440 |
Total liabilities assumed | 982,747 |
Fair value of net liabilities assumed | (107,622 | )
Cash received from FDIC | 226,233 |
Due from FDIC | 4,117 |
Gain on acquisition of Guaranty | $ | 122,728 |

Merger-related expenses of $6.7 million from the Guaranty transaction were recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017. Loan-related interest income generated from Guaranty was approximately $4.9 million during the second quarter 2017.
Based on such factors as past due status, nonaccrual status, loan-to-value, credit scores and credit risk ratings, the acquired loans were divided into loans with evidence of credit quality deterioration, which are accounted for under ASC 310-30 (included in PCI loans), and loans that do not meet this criteria, which are accounted for under ASC 310-20 (included in non-PCI loans).
Harvest Community Bank
On January 13, 2017, FCB entered into an agreement with the FDIC, as Receiver, to purchase certain assets and assume certain liabilities of Harvest Community Bank (HCB) of Pennsville, New Jersey. The acquisition provides FCB with the opportunity to grow capital and enhance earnings.
The HCB transaction was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting and, accordingly, assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their estimated fair values on the acquisition date. Fair values are preliminary and subject to refinement for up to one year after the closing date of the acquisition as additional information regarding closing date fair values becomes available.
The fair value of the assets acquired was $111.6 million, including $85.1 million in purchased credit-impaired (PCI) loans and $850 thousand in core deposit intangibles. Liabilities assumed were $121.8 million of which the majority were deposits. As a result of the transaction, FCB recorded a gain on the acquisition of $12.0 million which is included in noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
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The following table provides the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date.

(Dollars in thousands) | As recorded by FCB
Assets |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 3,350 |
Overnight investments | 7,478 |
Investment securities | 14,455 |
Loans | 85,149 |
Income earned not collected | 31 |
Intangible assets | 850 |
Other assets | 237 |
Total assets acquired | 111,550 |
Liabilities |
Deposits | 121,755 |
Other liabilities | 74 |
Total liabilities assumed | 121,829 |
Fair value of net liabilities assumed | (10,279 | )
Cash received from FDIC | 22,296 |
Gain on acquisition of HCB | $ | 12,017 |

Merger-related expenses were immaterial for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and $698 thousand were recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the six months ended June 30, 2017. Loan-related interest income generated from HCB was approximately $1.8 million and $2.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively.
All loans resulting from the HCB transaction were recorded at the acquisition date with a discount attributable, at least in part, to credit quality deterioration, and are therefore accounted for as PCI under ASC 310-30.
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NOTE C - INVESTMENTS
The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities classified as available for sale and held to maturity at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, are as follows:

| June 30, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) | Cost |  | Gross unrealized gains |  | Gross unrealized losses |  | Fair value
Investment securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury | $ | 1,619,225 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,091 |  |  | $ | 1,616,134 |
Government agency | 40,080 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 40,081 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 4,822,517 |  |  | 1,951 |  |  | 52,226 |  |  | 4,772,242 |
Equity securities | 78,753 |  |  | 27,106 |  |  | — |  |  | 105,859 |
Corporate bonds | 54,412 |  |  | 331 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 54,705 |
Other | 7,630 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 216 |  |  | 7,429 |
Total investment securities available for sale | $ | 6,622,617 |  |  | $ | 29,404 |  |  | $ | 55,571 |  |  | $ | 6,596,450 |
| December 31, 2016
| Cost |  | Gross unrealized gains |  | Gross unrealized losses |  | Fair value
U.S. Treasury | $ | 1,650,675 |  |  | $ | 579 |  |  | $ | 935 |  |  | $ | 1,650,319 |
Government agency | 40,291 |  |  | 107 |  |  | — |  |  | 40,398 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 5,259,466 |  |  | 2,809 |  |  | 86,850 |  |  | 5,175,425 |
Equity securities | 71,873 |  |  | 11,634 |  |  | — |  |  | 83,507 |
Corporate bonds | 49,367 |  |  | 195 |  |  | — |  |  | 49,562 |
Other | 7,615 |  |  | — |  |  | 246 |  |  | 7,369 |
Total investment securities available for sale | $ | 7,079,287 |  |  | $ | 15,324 |  |  | $ | 88,031 |  |  | $ | 7,006,580 |
| June 30, 2017
| Cost |  | Gross unrealized gains |  | Gross unrealized losses |  | Fair value
Investment securities held to maturity |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities | $ | 80 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 86 |
| December 31, 2016
| Cost |  | Gross unrealized gains |  | Gross unrealized losses |  | Fair value
Mortgage-backed securities | $ | 98 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 104 |

Investments in mortgage-backed securities primarily represent securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association, Federal National Mortgage Association and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation. Investments in equity securities and corporate bonds represent positions in securities of other financial institutions. Other includes investments in trust preferred securities of financial institutions. The following table provides the amortized cost and fair value by contractual maturity. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities on certain securities because borrowers and issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties. Repayments of mortgage-backed securities are dependent on the repayments of the underlying loan balances. Equity securities do not have a stated maturity date.
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| June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
(Dollars in thousands) | Cost |  | Fair value |  | Cost |  | Fair value
Investment securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-amortizing securities maturing in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One year or less | $ | 549,914 |  |  | $ | 548,822 |  |  | $ | 842,798 |  |  | $ | 842,947 |
One through five years | 1,109,391 |  |  | 1,107,393 |  |  | 848,168 |  |  | 847,770 |
Five through 10 years | 54,412 |  |  | 54,705 |  |  | 49,367 |  |  | 49,562 |
Over 10 years | 7,630 |  |  | 7,429 |  |  | 7,615 |  |  | 7,369 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 4,822,517 |  |  | 4,772,242 |  |  | 5,259,466 |  |  | 5,175,425 |
Equity securities | 78,753 |  |  | 105,859 |  |  | 71,873 |  |  | 83,507 |
Total investment securities available for sale | $ | 6,622,617 |  |  | $ | 6,596,450 |  |  | $ | 7,079,287 |  |  | $ | 7,006,580 |
Investment securities held to maturity |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities held to maturity | $ | 80 |  |  | $ | 86 |  |  | $ | 98 |  |  | $ | 104 |

For each period presented, realized securities gains (losses) included the following:

| Three months ended June 30 |  | Six months ended June 30
(Dollars in thousands) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Gross gains on sales of investment securities available for sale | $ | 3,353 |  |  | $ | 12,555 |  |  | $ | 3,356 |  |  | $ | 17,488 |
Gross losses on sales of investment securities available for sale | (2 | ) |  | (26 | ) |  | (29 | ) |  | (331 | )
Total realized securities gains | $ | 3,351 |  |  | $ | 12,529 |  |  | $ | 3,327 |  |  | $ | 17,157 |

The following table provides information regarding securities with unrealized losses as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

| June 30, 2017
| Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or more |  | Total
(Dollars in thousands) | Fair value |  | Unrealized losses |  | Fair value |  | Unrealized losses |  | Fair value |  | Unrealized losses
Investment securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury | $ | 1,616,134 |  |  | $ | 3,091 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,616,134 |  |  | $ | 3,091 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 4,101,002 |  |  | 47,735 |  |  | 339,826 |  |  | 4,491 |  |  | 4,440,828 |  |  | 52,226 |
Corporate bonds | 5,000 |  |  | 38 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,000 |  |  | 38 |
Other | 5,299 |  |  | 216 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,299 |  |  | 216 |
Total | $ | 5,727,435 |  |  | $ | 51,080 |  |  | $ | 339,826 |  |  | $ | 4,491 |  |  | $ | 6,067,261 |  |  | $ | 55,571 |
| December 31, 2016
| Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or more |  | Total
| Fair value |  | Unrealized losses |  | Fair value |  | Unrealized losses |  | Fair value |  | Unrealized losses
Investment securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury | $ | 807,822 |  |  | $ | 935 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 807,822 |  |  | $ | 935 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 4,442,700 |  |  | 82,161 |  |  | 362,351 |  |  | 4,689 |  |  | 4,805,051 |  |  | 86,850 |
Other | 7,369 |  |  | 246 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,369 |  |  | 246 |
Total | $ | 5,257,891 |  |  | $ | 83,342 |  |  | $ | 362,351 |  |  | $ | 4,689 |  |  | $ | 5,620,242 |  |  | $ | 88,031 |

Investment securities with an aggregate fair value of $339.8 million and $362.4 million had continuous unrealized losses for more than 12 months with a corresponding aggregate unrealized loss of $4.5 million and $4.7 million as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. As of June 30, 2017, all 52 of these investments are government sponsored enterprise-issued mortgage-backed securities. None of the unrealized losses identified as of June 30, 2017 or December 31, 2016 relate to the marketability of the securities or the issuers' ability to honor redemption obligations. Rather, the unrealized losses relate to changes in interest rates relative to when the investment securities were purchased. For all periods presented, BancShares had the ability and intent to retain these securities for a period of time sufficient to recover all unrealized losses. Therefore, none of the securities were deemed to be other than temporarily impaired.
Investment securities having an aggregate carrying value of $4.71 billion at June 30, 2017 and $4.55 billion at December 31, 2016 were pledged as collateral to secure public funds on deposit and certain short-term borrowings, and for other purposes as required by law.
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NOTE D - LOANS AND LEASES
BancShares' accounting methods for loans and leases differ depending on whether they are purchased credit-impaired (PCI) or non-PCI. Non-PCI loans and leases include originated commercial, originated noncommercial, purchased non-impaired loans, purchased leases and certain purchased revolving credit. For purchased non-impaired loans to be included as non-PCI, it must be determined that the loans do not have any credit deterioration at the time of acquisition. Conversely, loans for which it is probable at acquisition that all required payments will not be collected in accordance with contractual terms are considered impaired and, therefore, classified as PCI loans. PCI loans are accounted for under the guidance in ASC Topic 310-30, Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality. PCI loans and leases are recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition. No allowance for loan and lease losses is recorded on the acquisition date as the fair value of the acquired assets incorporates assumptions regarding credit risk over the life of the loans. An allowance is recorded if there is additional credit deterioration after the acquisition date.
BancShares reports PCI and non-PCI loan portfolios separately, and each portfolio is further divided into commercial and non-commercial based on the type of borrower, purpose, collateral, and/or our underlying credit management processes. Additionally, loans are assigned to loan classes, which further disaggregate loans based upon common risk characteristics.
Commercial – Commercial loans include construction and land development, commercial mortgage, other commercial real estate, commercial and industrial, lease financing and other.
Construction and land development – Construction and land development consists of loans to finance land for development, investment, and use in a commercial business enterprise; multifamily apartments; and other commercial buildings that may be owner-occupied or income generating investments for the owner.
Commercial mortgage – Commercial mortgage consists of loans to purchase or refinance owner-occupied nonresidential and investment properties. Investment properties include office buildings and other facilities that are rented or leased to unrelated parties.
Other commercial real estate – Other commercial real estate consists of loans secured by farmland (including residential farms and other improvements) and multifamily (5 or more) residential properties.
Commercial and industrial – Commercial and industrial consists of loans or lines of credit to finance corporate credit cards, accounts receivable, inventory and other general business purposes.
Lease financing – Lease financing consists solely of lease financing agreements for business equipment, vehicles and other assets.
Other – Other consists of all other commercial loans not classified in one of the preceding classes. These typically include loans to non-profit organizations such as churches, hospitals, educational and charitable organizations, and certain loans repurchased with government guarantees.
Noncommercial – Noncommercial consist of residential and revolving mortgage, construction and land development, and consumer loans.
Residential mortgage – Residential real estate consists of loans to purchase, construct or refinance the borrower's primary dwelling, second residence or vacation home.
Revolving mortgage – Revolving mortgage consists of home equity lines of credit that are secured by first or second liens on the borrower's primary residence.
Construction and land development – Construction and land development consists of loans to construct the borrower's primary or secondary residence or vacant land upon which the owner intends to construct a dwelling at a future date.
Consumer – Consumer loans consist of installment loans to finance purchases of vehicles, unsecured home improvements, student loans and revolving lines of credit that can be secured or unsecured, including personal credit cards.
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Loans and leases outstanding included the following at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

(Dollars in thousands) | June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Non-PCI loans and leases: |  |  |
Commercial: |  |  |
Construction and land development | $ | 740,291 |  |  | $ | 649,157 |
Commercial mortgage | 9,301,154 |  |  | 9,026,220 |
Other commercial real estate | 363,339 |  |  | 351,291 |
Commercial and industrial | 2,553,612 |  |  | 2,567,501 |
Lease financing | 853,943 |  |  | 826,270 |
Other | 486,573 |  |  | 340,264 |
Total commercial loans | 14,298,912 |  |  | 13,760,703 |
Noncommercial: |  |  |
Residential mortgage | 3,305,361 |  |  | 2,889,124 |
Revolving mortgage | 2,678,686 |  |  | 2,601,344 |
Construction and land development | 218,233 |  |  | 231,400 |
Consumer | 1,475,410 |  |  | 1,446,138 |
Total noncommercial loans | 7,677,690 |  |  | 7,168,006 |
Total non-PCI loans and leases | 21,976,602 |  |  | 20,928,709 |
PCI loans: |  |  |
Commercial: |  |  |
Construction and land development | 18,660 |  |  | 20,766 |
Commercial mortgage | 426,778 |  |  | 453,013 |
Other commercial real estate | 21,409 |  |  | 12,645 |
Commercial and industrial | 9,307 |  |  | 11,844 |
Other | 903 |  |  | 1,702 |
Total commercial loans | 477,057 |  |  | 499,970 |
Noncommercial: |  |  |
Residential mortgage | 350,038 |  |  | 268,777 |
Revolving mortgage | 65,949 |  |  | 38,650 |
Consumer | 1,819 |  |  | 1,772 |
Total noncommercial loans | 417,806 |  |  | 309,199 |
Total PCI loans | 894,863 |  |  | 809,169 |
Total loans and leases | $ | 22,871,465 |  |  | $ | 21,737,878 |

At June 30, 2017, $73.2 million of total residential loans and leases were covered under shared-loss agreements with the FDIC, compared to $84.8 million at December 31, 2016. The shared-loss agreements, for their terms, protect BancShares from a substantial portion of the credit and asset quality risk that would otherwise be incurred.
At June 30, 2017, $8.80 billion in noncovered loans with a lendable collateral value of $5.56 billion were used to secure $835.2 million in Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) of Atlanta advances, resulting in additional borrowing capacity of $4.72 billion. At December 31, 2016, $8.26 billion in noncovered loans with a lendable collateral value of $5.50 billion were used to secure $660.2 million in FHLB of Atlanta advances, resulting in additional borrowing capacity of $4.84 billion. At June 30, 2017, $2.89 billion in noncovered loans with a lendable collateral value of $1.99 billion were used to secure additional borrowing capacity at the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB). There were no loans used to secure additional borrowing capacity at the FRB at December 31, 2016.
Net deferred fees on originated non-PCI loans and leases, including unearned income and unamortized costs, fees, premiums and discounts, were $3.8 million and $6.7 million at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The unamortized discount related to purchased non-PCI loans and leases in the Guaranty, Cordia Bancorp Inc. (Cordia) and First Citizens Bancorporation, Inc. (Bancorporation) acquisitions was $17.3 million, $3.3 million and $22.3 million at June 30, 2017, respectively. At December 31, 2016, the unamortized discount related to purchased non-PCI loans and leases from the Cordia and Bancorporation acquisitions was $4.2 million and $27.4 million, respectively. During the three months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016, accretion income on non-PCI loans and leases was $3.0 million and $2.9 million, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016, accretion income on non-PCI loans and leases was $6.0 million and $6.1 million, respectively.
Certain residential real estate loans are originated to be sold to investors and are recorded in loans held for sale at fair value. In addition, we may change our strategy for certain portfolio loans and sell them in the secondary market. At that time, portfolio loans are transferred to loans held for sale at the lower of amortized cost or market. Loans held for sale totaled $154.5 million at June 30, 2017, which included $70.0 million of originated loans held for sale at fair value and $84.5 million of portfolio loans
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transferred to loans held for sale during the second quarter of 2017. In the first quarter of 2017, certain residential mortgage portfolio loans of $32.5 million were sold, resulting in a gain of $164 thousand.
Credit quality indicators
Loans and leases are monitored for credit quality on a recurring basis. The credit quality indicators used are dependent on the portfolio segment to which the loan relates. Commercial and noncommercial loans and leases have different credit quality indicators as a result of the unique characteristics of the loan segment being evaluated. The credit quality indicators for non-PCI and PCI commercial loans and leases are developed through a review of individual borrowers on an ongoing basis. Each commercial loan is evaluated annually with more frequent evaluation of more severely criticized loans or leases. The credit quality indicators for non-PCI and PCI noncommercial loans are based on the delinquency status of the borrower. As the borrower becomes more delinquent, the likelihood of loss increases. The indicators represent the rating for loans or leases as of the date presented based on the most recent assessment performed. These credit quality indicators are defined as follows:
Pass – A pass rated asset is not adversely classified because it does not display any of the characteristics for adverse classification.
Special mention – A special mention asset has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, such potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects or collateral position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not warrant adverse classification.
Substandard – A substandard asset is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets classified as substandard generally have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. These assets are characterized by the distinct possibility of loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
Doubtful – An asset classified as doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in an asset classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values.
Loss – Assets classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that it is inappropriate to be carried as an asset. This classification is not necessarily equivalent to no potential for recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not appropriate to defer a full charge-off even though partial recovery may be affected in the future.
Ungraded – Ungraded loans represent loans that are not included in the individual credit grading process due to their relatively small balances or borrower type. The majority of ungraded loans at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 relate to business credit cards. Business credit card loans are subject to automatic charge-off when they become 120 days past due in the same manner as unsecured consumer lines of credit. The remaining balance is comprised of a small amount of commercial mortgage, lease financing and other commercial real estate loans.
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Non-PCI loans and leases outstanding at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 by credit quality indicator are provided below:

| June 30, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) | Non-PCI commercial loans and leases
Grade: | Construction and land development |  | Commercial mortgage |  | Other commercial real estate |  | Commercial and industrial |  | Lease financing |  | Other |  | Total non-PCI commercial loans and leases
Pass | $ | 733,587 |  |  | $ | 9,107,385 |  |  | $ | 358,889 |  |  | $ | 2,371,181 |  |  | $ | 842,476 |  |  | $ | 480,223 |  |  | $ | 13,893,741 |
Special mention | 960 |  |  | 69,690 |  |  | 1,366 |  |  | 30,180 |  |  | 5,056 |  |  | 992 |  |  | 108,244 |
Substandard | 5,699 |  |  | 123,629 |  |  | 3,084 |  |  | 16,655 |  |  | 6,411 |  |  | 5,358 |  |  | 160,836 |
Doubtful | 45 |  |  | 291 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 342 |
Ungraded | — |  |  | 159 |  |  | — |  |  | 135,590 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 135,749 |
Total | $ | 740,291 |  |  | $ | 9,301,154 |  |  | $ | 363,339 |  |  | $ | 2,553,612 |  |  | $ | 853,943 |  |  | $ | 486,573 |  |  | $ | 14,298,912 |
| December 31, 2016
| Non-PCI commercial loans and leases
| Construction and land development |  | Commercial mortgage |  | Other commercial real estate |  | Commercial and industrial |  | Lease financing |  | Other |  | Total non-PCI commercial loans and leases
Pass | $ | 645,232 |  |  | $ | 8,821,439 |  |  | $ | 347,509 |  |  | $ | 2,402,659 |  |  | $ | 818,008 |  |  | $ | 335,831 |  |  | $ | 13,370,678 |
Special mention | 2,236 |  |  | 76,084 |  |  | 1,433 |  |  | 22,804 |  |  | 2,675 |  |  | 1,020 |  |  | 106,252 |
Substandard | 1,683 |  |  | 126,863 |  |  | 2,349 |  |  | 17,870 |  |  | 5,415 |  |  | 3,413 |  |  | 157,593 |
Doubtful | 6 |  |  | 334 |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 348 |
Ungraded | — |  |  | 1,500 |  |  | — |  |  | 124,160 |  |  | 172 |  |  | — |  |  | 125,832 |
Total | $ | 649,157 |  |  | $ | 9,026,220 |  |  | $ | 351,291 |  |  | $ | 2,567,501 |  |  | $ | 826,270 |  |  | $ | 340,264 |  |  | $ | 13,760,703 |

| June 30, 2017
| Non-PCI noncommercial loans and leases
(Dollars in thousands) | Residential mortgage |  | Revolving mortgage |  | Construction and land development |  | Consumer |  | Total non-PCI noncommercial loans and leases
Current | $ | 3,259,647 |  |  | $ | 2,656,372 |  |  | $ | 215,354 |  |  | $ | 1,462,603 |  |  | $ | 7,593,976 |
30-59 days past due | 21,478 |  |  | 10,819 |  |  | 1,252 |  |  | 8,179 |  |  | 41,728 |
60-89 days past due | 7,412 |  |  | 3,176 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 2,310 |  |  | 13,009 |
90 days or greater past due | 16,824 |  |  | 8,319 |  |  | 1,516 |  |  | 2,318 |  |  | 28,977 |
Total | $ | 3,305,361 |  |  | $ | 2,678,686 |  |  | $ | 218,233 |  |  | $ | 1,475,410 |  |  | $ | 7,677,690 |
| December 31, 2016
| Non-PCI noncommercial loans and leases
| Residential mortgage |  | Revolving mortgage |  | Construction and land development |  | Consumer |  | Total non-PCI noncommercial loans and leases
Current | $ | 2,839,045 |  |  | $ | 2,576,942 |  |  | $ | 229,106 |  |  | $ | 1,434,658 |  |  | $ | 7,079,751 |
30-59 days past due | 27,760 |  |  | 14,290 |  |  | 1,139 |  |  | 6,775 |  |  | 49,964 |
60-89 days past due | 7,039 |  |  | 2,698 |  |  | 598 |  |  | 2,779 |  |  | 13,114 |
90 days or greater past due | 15,280 |  |  | 7,414 |  |  | 557 |  |  | 1,926 |  |  | 25,177 |
Total | $ | 2,889,124 |  |  | $ | 2,601,344 |  |  | $ | 231,400 |  |  | $ | 1,446,138 |  |  | $ | 7,168,006 |

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PCI loans outstanding at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 by credit quality indicator are provided below:

| June 30, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) | PCI commercial loans
Grade: | Construction and land development |  | Commercial mortgage |  | Other commercial real estate |  | Commercial and industrial |  | Other |  | Total PCI commercial loans
Pass | $ | 8,004 |  |  | $ | 228,746 |  |  | $ | 16,998 |  |  | $ | 6,605 |  |  | $ | 306 |  |  | $ | 260,659 |
Special mention | 1,608 |  |  | 58,942 |  |  | 688 |  |  | 646 |  |  | 331 |  |  | 62,215 |
Substandard | 6,511 |  |  | 125,348 |  |  | 3,029 |  |  | 1,764 |  |  | 266 |  |  | 136,918 |
Doubtful | 2,537 |  |  | 13,742 |  |  | 694 |  |  | 264 |  |  | — |  |  | 17,237 |
Ungraded | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28 |  |  | — |  |  | 28 |
Total | $ | 18,660 |  |  | $ | 426,778 |  |  | $ | 21,409 |  |  | $ | 9,307 |  |  | $ | 903 |  |  | $ | 477,057 |
| December 31, 2016
| PCI commercial loans
| Construction and land development |  | Commercial mortgage |  | Other commercial real estate |  | Commercial and industrial |  | Other |  | Total PCI commercial loans
Pass | $ | 8,103 |  |  | $ | 234,023 |  |  | $ | 8,744 |  |  | $ | 7,253 |  |  | $ | 696 |  |  | $ | 258,819 |
Special mention | 950 |  |  | 67,848 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 620 |  |  | — |  |  | 69,520 |
Substandard | 7,850 |  |  | 138,312 |  |  | 3,462 |  |  | 3,648 |  |  | 1,006 |  |  | 154,278 |
Doubtful | 3,863 |  |  | 12,830 |  |  | 337 |  |  | 303 |  |  | — |  |  | 17,333 |
Ungraded | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |
Total | $ | 20,766 |  |  | $ | 453,013 |  |  | $ | 12,645 |  |  | $ | 11,844 |  |  | $ | 1,702 |  |  | $ | 499,970 |

| June 30, 2017
| PCI noncommercial loans
(Dollars in thousands) | Residential mortgage |  | Revolving mortgage |  | Consumer |  | Total PCI noncommercial loans
Current | $ | 305,156 |  |  | $ | 60,006 |  |  | $ | 1,685 |  |  | $ | 366,847 |
30-59 days past due | 10,089 |  |  | 2,033 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 12,180 |
60-89 days past due | 5,420 |  |  | 405 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 5,847 |
90 days or greater past due | 29,373 |  |  | 3,505 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 32,932 |
Total | $ | 350,038 |  |  | $ | 65,949 |  |  | $ | 1,819 |  |  | $ | 417,806 |
| December 31, 2016
| PCI noncommercial loans
| Residential mortgage |  | Revolving mortgage |  | Consumer |  | Total PCI noncommercial loans
Current | $ | 230,065 |  |  | $ | 33,827 |  |  | $ | 1,637 |  |  | $ | 265,529 |
30-59 days past due | 9,595 |  |  | 618 |  |  | 68 |  |  | 10,281 |
60-89 days past due | 6,528 |  |  | 268 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 6,800 |
90 days or greater past due | 22,589 |  |  | 3,937 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 26,589 |
Total | $ | 268,777 |  |  | $ | 38,650 |  |  | $ | 1,772 |  |  | $ | 309,199 |

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The aging of the outstanding non-PCI loans and leases, by class, at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is provided in the table below.
The calculation of days past due begins on the day after payment is due and includes all days through which all required interest or principal has not been paid. Loans and leases 30 days or less past due are considered current as various grace periods allow borrowers to make payments within a stated period after the due date and still remain in compliance with the loan agreement.

| June 30, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) | 30-59 days past due |  | 60-89 days past due |  | 90 days or greater |  | Total past due |  | Current |  | Total loans and leases
Non-PCI loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development - commercial | $ | 954 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 119 |  |  | $ | 1,091 |  |  | $ | 739,200 |  |  | $ | 740,291 |
Commercial mortgage | 7,696 |  |  | 2,480 |  |  | 11,108 |  |  | 21,284 |  |  | 9,279,870 |  |  | 9,301,154 |
Other commercial real estate | 132 |  |  | — |  |  | 642 |  |  | 774 |  |  | 362,565 |  |  | 363,339 |
Commercial and industrial | 7,702 |  |  | 1,808 |  |  | 2,399 |  |  | 11,909 |  |  | 2,541,703 |  |  | 2,553,612 |
Lease financing | 1,879 |  |  | 416 |  |  | 339 |  |  | 2,634 |  |  | 851,309 |  |  | 853,943 |
Residential mortgage | 21,478 |  |  | 7,412 |  |  | 16,824 |  |  | 45,714 |  |  | 3,259,647 |  |  | 3,305,361 |
Revolving mortgage | 10,819 |  |  | 3,176 |  |  | 8,319 |  |  | 22,314 |  |  | 2,656,372 |  |  | 2,678,686 |
Construction and land development - noncommercial | 1,252 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 1,516 |  |  | 2,879 |  |  | 215,354 |  |  | 218,233 |
Consumer | 8,179 |  |  | 2,310 |  |  | 2,318 |  |  | 12,807 |  |  | 1,462,603 |  |  | 1,475,410 |
Other | 441 |  |  | — |  |  | 158 |  |  | 599 |  |  | 485,974 |  |  | 486,573 |
Total non-PCI loans and leases | $ | 60,532 |  |  | $ | 17,731 |  |  | $ | 43,742 |  |  | $ | 122,005 |  |  | $ | 21,854,597 |  |  | $ | 21,976,602 |
| December 31, 2016
| 30-59 days past due |  | 60-89 days past due |  | 90 days or greater |  | Total past due |  | Current |  | Total loans and leases
Non-PCI loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development - commercial | $ | 1,845 |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 286 |  |  | $ | 2,170 |  |  | $ | 646,987 |  |  | $ | 649,157 |
Commercial mortgage | 11,592 |  |  | 2,773 |  |  | 10,329 |  |  | 24,694 |  |  | 9,001,526 |  |  | 9,026,220 |
Other commercial real estate | 310 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 310 |  |  | 350,981 |  |  | 351,291 |
Commercial and industrial | 7,918 |  |  | 2,102 |  |  | 1,051 |  |  | 11,071 |  |  | 2,556,430 |  |  | 2,567,501 |
Lease financing | 1,175 |  |  | 444 |  |  | 863 |  |  | 2,482 |  |  | 823,788 |  |  | 826,270 |
Residential mortgage | 27,760 |  |  | 7,039 |  |  | 15,280 |  |  | 50,079 |  |  | 2,839,045 |  |  | 2,889,124 |
Revolving mortgage | 14,290 |  |  | 2,698 |  |  | 7,414 |  |  | 24,402 |  |  | 2,576,942 |  |  | 2,601,344 |
Construction and land development - noncommercial | 1,139 |  |  | 598 |  |  | 557 |  |  | 2,294 |  |  | 229,106 |  |  | 231,400 |
Consumer | 6,775 |  |  | 2,779 |  |  | 1,926 |  |  | 11,480 |  |  | 1,434,658 |  |  | 1,446,138 |
Other | 72 |  |  | — |  |  | 198 |  |  | 270 |  |  | 339,994 |  |  | 340,264 |
Total non-PCI loans and leases | $ | 72,876 |  |  | $ | 18,472 |  |  | $ | 37,904 |  |  | $ | 129,252 |  |  | $ | 20,799,457 |  |  | $ | 20,928,709 |

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The recorded investment, by class, in loans and leases on nonaccrual status, and loans and leases greater than 90 days past due and still accruing at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 for non-PCI loans and leases, were as follows:

| June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
(Dollars in thousands) | Nonaccrual loans and leases |  | Loans and leases > 90 days and accruing |  | Nonaccrual loans and leases |  | Loans and leases > 90 days and accruing
Non-PCI loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development - commercial | $ | 706 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 606 |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial mortgage | 26,416 |  |  | 1,072 |  |  | 26,527 |  |  | 482 |
Other commercial real estate | 738 |  |  | — |  |  | 86 |  |  | — |
Commercial and industrial | 2,474 |  |  | 1,238 |  |  | 4,275 |  |  | 440 |
Lease financing | 900 |  |  | 165 |  |  | 359 |  |  | 683 |
Residential mortgage | 36,712 |  |  | 138 |  |  | 32,470 |  |  | 37 |
Revolving mortgage | 15,844 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,308 |  |  | — |
Construction and land development - noncommercial | 2,163 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,121 |  |  | — |
Consumer | 1,919 |  |  | 1,561 |  |  | 2,236 |  |  | 1,076 |
Other | 195 |  |  | — |  |  | 319 |  |  | — |
Total non-PCI loans and leases | $ | 88,067 |  |  | $ | 4,192 |  |  | $ | 82,307 |  |  | $ | 2,718 |

The recorded investment of PCI loans on nonaccrual status was $1.3 million and $3.5 million at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
Purchased non-PCI loans and leases
The following table relates to purchased non-PCI loans and leases acquired in the Guaranty transaction and provides the contractually required payments, estimate of contractual cash flows not expected to be collected and fair value of the acquired loans at the acquisition date.

(Dollars in thousands) |
Contractually required payments | $ | 703,916 |
Cash flows not expected to be collected | 16,073 |
Fair value of loans at acquisition | 574,553 |

The recorded fair values of purchased non-PCI loans and leases acquired in the Guaranty transaction as of the acquisition date are as follows:

(Dollars in thousands) |
Commercial: |
Commercial mortgage | $ | 850 |
Commercial and industrial | 583 |
Other | 183,816 |
Total commercial loans | 185,249 |
Noncommercial: |
Residential mortgage | 309,612 |
Revolving mortgage | 54,780 |
Consumer | 24,912 |
Total noncommercial loans | 389,304 |
Total non-PCI loans and leases | $ | 574,553 |

Purchased credit-impaired loans (PCI) loans
The following table relates to PCI loans acquired in the HCB and Guaranty acquisitions and summarizes the contractually required payments, which include principal and interest, expected cash flows to be collected, and the fair value of PCI loans at the acquisition dates.

(Dollars in thousands) | HCB |  | Guaranty
Contractually required payments | $ | 111,250 |  |  | $ | 158,456 |
Cash flows expected to be collected | 101,802 |  |  | 142,000 |
Fair value of loans at acquisition | 85,149 |  |  | 114,533 |

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The recorded fair values of PCI loans acquired in the HCB and Guaranty acquisitions as of the acquisition dates were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands) | HCB |  | Guaranty
Commercial: |  |  |
Construction and land development | $ | 7,061 |  |  | $ | 55 |
Commercial mortgage | 21,836 |  |  | 644 |
Other commercial real estate | 6,404 |  |  | — |
Commercial and industrial | 19,675 |  |  | 2 |
Total commercial loans | 54,976 |  |  | 701 |
Noncommercial: |  |  |
Residential mortgage | 25,857 |  |  | 80,475 |
Revolving mortgage | 3,434 |  |  | 33,319 |
Construction and land development | — |  |  | 26 |
Consumer | 882 |  |  | 12 |
Total noncommercial loans | 30,173 |  |  | 113,832 |
Total PCI loans | $ | 85,149 |  |  | $ | 114,533 |

The following table provides changes in the carrying value of all purchased credit-impaired loans during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016:

(Dollars in thousands) | 2017 |  | 2016
Balance at January 1 | $ | 809,169 |  |  | $ | 950,516 |
Fair value of acquired loans | 199,682 |  |  | 80,084 |
Accretion | 39,798 |  |  | 41,821 |
Payments received and other changes, net | (153,786 | ) |  | (150,954 | )
Balance at June 30 | $ | 894,863 |  |  | $ | 921,467 |
Unpaid principal balance at June 30 | $ | 1,199,358 |  |  | $ | 1,614,998 |

The carrying value of loans on the cost recovery method was $454 thousand at June 30, 2017 and $498 thousand at December 31, 2016. The cost recovery method is applied to loans when the timing of future cash flows is not reasonably estimable due to borrower nonperformance or uncertainty in the ultimate disposition of the asset. Cash payments from cost recovery loans are 100 percent applied to principal. After all the principal has been recovered, cash payments are then recorded to interest income.
During the three months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016, accretion income on PCI loans was $20.4 million for both periods.
The following table documents changes to the amount of accretable yield for the first six months of 2017 and 2016.

(Dollars in thousands) | 2017 |  | 2016
Balance at January 1 | $ | 335,074 |  |  | $ | 343,856 |
Additions from acquisitions | 44,120 |  |  | 12,279 |
Accretion | (39,798 | ) |  | (41,821 | )
Reclassifications from nonaccretable difference | 12,328 |  |  | 18,384 |
Changes in expected cash flows that do not affect nonaccretable difference | (1,405 | ) |  | 30,239 |
Balance at June 30 | $ | 350,319 |  |  | $ | 362,937 |

For PCI loans, improved credit loss expectations generally result in the reclassification of nonaccretable difference to accretable yield. Changes in expected cash flows not related to credit improvements or deterioration do not affect the nonaccretable difference.
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NOTE E - ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN AND LEASE LOSSES (ALLL)
The following tables present the activity in the ALLL for non-PCI loan and lease losses by loan class for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016:

| Three months ended June 30, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) | Construction and land development - commercial |  | Commercial mortgage |  | Other commercial real estate |  | Commercial and industrial |  | Lease financing |  | Other |  | Residential mortgage |  | Revolving mortgage |  | Construction and land development - non- commercial |  | Consumer |  | Total
Non-PCI Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan and lease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at April 1 | $ | 31,391 |  |  | $ | 48,611 |  |  | $ | 3,572 |  |  | $ | 50,829 |  |  | $ | 6,315 |  |  | $ | 3,534 |  |  | $ | 15,835 |  |  | $ | 21,290 |  |  | $ | 1,513 |  |  | $ | 27,129 |  |  | $ | 210,019 |
Provision | 2,372 |  |  | 639 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 968 |  |  | 186 |  |  | (214 | ) |  | 155 |  |  | 1,054 |  |  | (10 | ) |  | 4,569 |  |  | 9,752 |
Charge-offs | (413 | ) |  | (235 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,121 | ) |  | (97 | ) |  | (64 | ) |  | (222 | ) |  | (280 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4,991 | ) |  | (9,423 | )
Recoveries | 209 |  |  | 731 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 2,392 |  |  | — |  |  | 46 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 401 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,093 |  |  | 4,954 |
Balance at June 30 | $ | 33,559 |  |  | $ | 49,746 |  |  | $ | 3,612 |  |  | $ | 51,068 |  |  | $ | 6,404 |  |  | $ | 3,302 |  |  | $ | 15,843 |  |  | $ | 22,465 |  |  | $ | 1,503 |  |  | $ | 27,800 |  |  | $ | 215,302 |
| Three months ended June 30, 2016
(Dollars in thousands) | Construction and land development - commercial |  | Commercial mortgage |  | Other commercial real estate |  | Commercial and industrial |  | Lease financing |  | Other |  | Residential mortgage |  | Revolving mortgage |  | Construction and land development - non- commercial |  | Consumer |  | Total
Balance at April 1 | $ | 16,885 |  |  | $ | 70,456 |  |  | $ | 2,207 |  |  | $ | 44,479 |  |  | $ | 5,422 |  |  | $ | 1,777 |  |  | $ | 14,727 |  |  | $ | 16,125 |  |  | $ | 1,575 |  |  | $ | 19,373 |  |  | $ | 193,026 |
Provision | 291 |  |  | 701 |  |  | (79 | ) |  | 81 |  |  | 343 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 1,487 |  |  | 1,470 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 2,299 |  |  | 6,708 |
Charge-offs | (136 | ) |  | (44 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,177 | ) |  | — |  |  | (88 | ) |  | (179 | ) |  | (1,081 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,136 | ) |  | (5,841 | )
Recoveries | 129 |  |  | 500 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 525 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 214 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,111 |  |  | 2,560 |
Balance at June 30 | $ | 17,169 |  |  | $ | 71,613 |  |  | $ | 2,138 |  |  | $ | 43,908 |  |  | $ | 5,766 |  |  | $ | 1,755 |  |  | $ | 16,076 |  |  | $ | 16,728 |  |  | $ | 1,653 |  |  | $ | 19,647 |  |  | $ | 196,453 |
| Six months ended June 30, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) | Construction and land development - commercial |  | Commercial mortgage |  | Other commercial real estate |  | Commercial and industrial |  | Lease financing |  | Other |  | Residential mortgage |  | Revolving mortgage |  | Construction and land development - non- commercial |  | Consumer |  | Total
Balance at January 1 | $ | 28,877 |  |  | $ | 48,278 |  |  | $ | 3,269 |  |  | $ | 50,225 |  |  | $ | 5,907 |  |  | $ | 3,127 |  |  | $ | 14,447 |  |  | $ | 21,013 |  |  | $ | 1,596 |  |  | $ | 28,287 |  |  | $ | 205,026 |
Provision | 4,908 |  |  | 645 |  |  | 337 |  |  | 4,560 |  |  | 761 |  |  | 241 |  |  | 1,506 |  |  | 1,604 |  |  | (93 | ) |  | 6,359 |  |  | 20,828 |
Charge-offs | (490 | ) |  | (272 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | (6,374 | ) |  | (270 | ) |  | (187 | ) |  | (472 | ) |  | (1,105 | ) |  | — |  |  | (9,019 | ) |  | (18,194 | )
Recoveries | 264 |  |  | 1,095 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 2,657 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 362 |  |  | 953 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,173 |  |  | 7,642 |
Balance at June 30 | $ | 33,559 |  |  | $ | 49,746 |  |  | $ | 3,612 |  |  | $ | 51,068 |  |  | $ | 6,404 |  |  | $ | 3,302 |  |  | $ | 15,843 |  |  | $ | 22,465 |  |  | $ | 1,503 |  |  | $ | 27,800 |  |  | $ | 215,302 |
| Six months ended June 30, 2016
(Dollars in thousands) | Construction and land development - commercial |  | Commercial mortgage |  | Other commercial real estate |  | Commercial and industrial |  | Lease financing |  | Other |  | Residential mortgage |  | Revolving mortgage |  | Construction and land development - non- commercial |  | Consumer |  | Total
Balance at January 1 | $ | 16,288 |  |  | $ | 69,896 |  |  | $ | 2,168 |  |  | $ | 43,116 |  |  | $ | 5,524 |  |  | $ | 1,855 |  |  | $ | 14,105 |  |  | $ | 15,971 |  |  | $ | 1,485 |  |  | $ | 19,496 |  |  | $ | 189,904 |
Provision | 1,234 |  |  | 1,096 |  |  | (184 | ) |  | 2,282 |  |  | 62 |  |  | (290 | ) |  | 2,262 |  |  | 2,628 |  |  | 165 |  |  | 4,293 |  |  | 13,548 |
Charge-offs | (562 | ) |  | (134 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,494 | ) |  | — |  |  | (160 | ) |  | (352 | ) |  | (2,116 | ) |  | — |  |  | (6,243 | ) |  | (12,061 | )
Recoveries | 209 |  |  | 755 |  |  | 154 |  |  | 1,004 |  |  | 180 |  |  | 350 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 245 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 2,101 |  |  | 5,062 |
Balance at June 30 | $ | 17,169 |  |  | $ | 71,613 |  |  | $ | 2,138 |  |  | $ | 43,908 |  |  | $ | 5,766 |  |  | $ | 1,755 |  |  | $ | 16,076 |  |  | $ | 16,728 |  |  | $ | 1,653 |  |  | $ | 19,647 |  |  | $ | 196,453 |

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The following tables present the allowance for non-PCI loan losses and the recorded investment in loans, by loan class, based on impairment method as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

| June 30, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) | Construction and land development - commercial |  | Commercial mortgage |  | Other commercial real estate |  | Commercial and industrial |  | Lease financing |  | Other |  | Residential mortgage |  | Revolving mortgage |  | Construction and land development - non-commercial |  | Consumer |  | Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ALLL for loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 93 |  |  | $ | 4,166 |  |  | $ | 225 |  |  | $ | 623 |  |  | $ | 66 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,687 |  |  | $ | 1,086 |  |  | $ | 86 |  |  | $ | 632 |  |  | $ | 9,664 |
ALLL for loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment | 33,466 |  |  | 45,580 |  |  | 3,387 |  |  | 50,445 |  |  | 6,338 |  |  | 3,302 |  |  | 13,156 |  |  | 21,379 |  |  | 1,417 |  |  | 27,168 |  |  | 205,638 |
Total allowance for loan and lease losses | $ | 33,559 |  |  | $ | 49,746 |  |  | $ | 3,612 |  |  | $ | 51,068 |  |  | $ | 6,404 |  |  | $ | 3,302 |  |  | $ | 15,843 |  |  | $ | 22,465 |  |  | $ | 1,503 |  |  | $ | 27,800 |  |  | $ | 215,302 |
Loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 828 |  |  | $ | 74,668 |  |  | $ | 1,567 |  |  | $ | 9,756 |  |  | $ | 1,785 |  |  | $ | 662 |  |  | $ | 39,337 |  |  | $ | 8,804 |  |  | $ | 3,701 |  |  | $ | 2,273 |  |  | $ | 143,381 |
Loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment | 739,463 |  |  | 9,226,486 |  |  | 361,772 |  |  | 2,543,856 |  |  | 852,158 |  |  | 485,911 |  |  | 3,266,024 |  |  | 2,669,882 |  |  | 214,532 |  |  | 1,473,137 |  |  | 21,833,221 |
Total loan and leases | $ | 740,291 |  |  | $ | 9,301,154 |  |  | $ | 363,339 |  |  | $ | 2,553,612 |  |  | $ | 853,943 |  |  | $ | 486,573 |  |  | $ | 3,305,361 |  |  | $ | 2,678,686 |  |  | $ | 218,233 |  |  | $ | 1,475,410 |  |  | $ | 21,976,602 |
| December 31, 2016
(Dollars in thousands) | Construction and land development - commercial |  | Commercial mortgage |  | Other commercial real estate |  | Commercial and industrial |  | Lease financing |  | Other |  | Residential mortgage |  | Revolving mortgage |  | Construction and land development - non-commercial |  | Consumer |  | Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ALLL for loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 151 |  |  | $ | 3,488 |  |  | $ | 152 |  |  | $ | 1,732 |  |  | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 2,447 |  |  | $ | 366 |  |  | $ | 109 |  |  | $ | 667 |  |  | $ | 9,210 |
ALLL for loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment | 28,726 |  |  | 44,790 |  |  | 3,117 |  |  | 48,493 |  |  | 5,832 |  |  | 3,104 |  |  | 12,000 |  |  | 20,647 |  |  | 1,487 |  |  | 27,620 |  |  | 195,816 |
Total allowance for loan and lease losses | $ | 28,877 |  |  | $ | 48,278 |  |  | $ | 3,269 |  |  | $ | 50,225 |  |  | $ | 5,907 |  |  | $ | 3,127 |  |  | $ | 14,447 |  |  | $ | 21,013 |  |  | $ | 1,596 |  |  | $ | 28,287 |  |  | $ | 205,026 |
Loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 1,045 |  |  | $ | 76,361 |  |  | $ | 1,563 |  |  | $ | 12,600 |  |  | $ | 1,074 |  |  | $ | 142 |  |  | $ | 31,476 |  |  | $ | 7,613 |  |  | $ | 2,613 |  |  | $ | 1,912 |  |  | $ | 136,399 |
Loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment | 648,112 |  |  | 8,949,859 |  |  | 349,728 |  |  | 2,554,901 |  |  | 825,196 |  |  | 340,122 |  |  | 2,857,648 |  |  | 2,593,731 |  |  | 228,787 |  |  | 1,444,226 |  |  | 20,792,310 |
Total loan and leases | $ | 649,157 |  |  | $ | 9,026,220 |  |  | $ | 351,291 |  |  | $ | 2,567,501 |  |  | $ | 826,270 |  |  | $ | 340,264 |  |  | $ | 2,889,124 |  |  | $ | 2,601,344 |  |  | $ | 231,400 |  |  | $ | 1,446,138 |  |  | $ | 20,928,709 |

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The following tables show the activity in the allowance for PCI loan and lease losses by loan class for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016.

| Three months ended June 30, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) | Construction and land development - commercial |  | Commercial mortgage |  | Other commercial real estate |  | Commercial and industrial |  | Residential mortgage |  | Revolving mortgage |  | Consumer and other |  | Total
PCI Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan and lease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at April 1 | $ | 297 |  |  | $ | 5,193 |  |  | $ | 344 |  |  | $ | 362 |  |  | $ | 4,273 |  |  | $ | 406 |  |  | $ | 49 |  |  | $ | 10,924 |
Provision | 280 |  |  | 1,604 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 94 |  |  | 556 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 2,572 |
Charge-offs | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Recoveries | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance at June 30 | $ | 577 |  |  | $ | 6,797 |  |  | $ | 354 |  |  | $ | 456 |  |  | $ | 4,829 |  |  | $ | 411 |  |  | $ | 72 |  |  | $ | 13,496 |
| Three months ended June 30, 2016
(Dollars in thousands) | Construction and land development - commercial |  | Commercial mortgage |  | Other commercial real estate |  | Commercial and industrial |  | Residential mortgage |  | Revolving mortgage |  | Consumer and other |  | Total
Balance at April 1 | $ | 733 |  |  | $ | 6,750 |  |  | $ | 770 |  |  | $ | 225 |  |  | $ | 4,680 |  |  | $ | 415 |  |  | $ | 184 |  |  | $ | 13,757 |
Provision | (453 | ) |  | (935 | ) |  | (154 | ) |  | 60 |  |  | (382 | ) |  | (177 | ) |  | (105 | ) |  | (2,146 | )
Charge-offs | — |  |  | (56 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (56 | )
Recoveries | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance at June 30 | $ | 280 |  |  | $ | 5,759 |  |  | $ | 616 |  |  | $ | 285 |  |  | $ | 4,298 |  |  | $ | 238 |  |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 11,555 |
| Six months ended June 30, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) | Construction and land development - commercial |  | Commercial mortgage |  | Other commercial real estate |  | Commercial and industrial |  | Residential mortgage |  | Revolving mortgage |  | Consumer and other |  | Total
Balance at January 1 | $ | 483 |  |  | $ | 6,423 |  |  | $ | 502 |  |  | $ | 504 |  |  | $ | 4,818 |  |  | $ | 956 |  |  | $ | 83 |  |  | $ | 13,769 |
Provision | 94 |  |  | 374 |  |  | (148 | ) |  | (48 | ) |  | 11 |  |  | (545 | ) |  | (11 | ) |  | (273 | )
Charge-offs | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Recoveries | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance at June 30 | $ | 577 |  |  | $ | 6,797 |  |  | $ | 354 |  |  | $ | 456 |  |  | $ | 4,829 |  |  | $ | 411 |  |  | $ | 72 |  |  | $ | 13,496 |
| Six months ended June 30, 2016
(Dollars in thousands) | Construction and land development - commercial |  | Commercial mortgage |  | Other commercial real estate |  | Commercial and industrial |  | Residential mortgage |  | Revolving mortgage |  | Consumer and other |  | Total
Balance at January 1 | $ | 1,082 |  |  | $ | 7,838 |  |  | $ | 773 |  |  | $ | 445 |  |  | $ | 5,398 |  |  | $ | 523 |  |  | $ | 253 |  |  | $ | 16,312 |
Provision | (802 | ) |  | (1,914 | ) |  | (152 | ) |  | (160 | ) |  | (729 | ) |  | (285 | ) |  | (101 | ) |  | (4,143 | )
Charge-offs | — |  |  | (165 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | — |  |  | (371 | ) |  | — |  |  | (73 | ) |  | (614 | )
Recoveries | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance at June 30 | $ | 280 |  |  | $ | 5,759 |  |  | $ | 616 |  |  | $ | 285 |  |  | $ | 4,298 |  |  | $ | 238 |  |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 11,555 |

As of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, $351.6 million and $359.7 million, respectively, in PCI loans experienced an adverse change in expected cash flows since the date of acquisition. The corresponding allowance for loan losses was $13.5 million and $13.8 million, respectively.
25

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The following tables show the ending balances of PCI loans and lease and related allowance by class of loans as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

| June 30, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) | Construction and land development - commercial |  | Commercial mortgage |  | Other commercial real estate |  | Commercial and industrial |  | Residential mortgage |  | Revolving mortgage |  | Consumer and other |  | Total
ALLL for loans and leases acquired with deteriorated credit quality | $ | 577 |  |  | $ | 6,797 |  |  | $ | 354 |  |  | $ | 456 |  |  | $ | 4,829 |  |  | $ | 411 |  |  | $ | 72 |  |  | $ | 13,496 |
Loans and leases acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 18,660 |  |  | 426,778 |  |  | 21,409 |  |  | 9,307 |  |  | 350,038 |  |  | 65,949 |  |  | 2,722 |  |  | 894,863 |
| December 31, 2016
(Dollars in thousands) | Construction and land development - commercial |  | Commercial mortgage |  | Other commercial real estate |  | Commercial and industrial |  | Residential mortgage |  | Revolving mortgage |  | Consumer and other |  | Total
ALLL for loans and leases acquired with deteriorated credit quality | $ | 483 |  |  | $ | 6,423 |  |  | $ | 502 |  |  | $ | 504 |  |  | $ | 4,818 |  |  | $ | 956 |  |  | $ | 83 |  |  | $ | 13,769 |
Loans and leases acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 20,766 |  |  | 453,013 |  |  | 12,645 |  |  | 11,844 |  |  | 268,777 |  |  | 38,650 |  |  | 3,474 |  |  | 809,169 |

The following tables provide information on non-PCI impaired loans and leases, exclusive of loans and leases evaluated collectively as a homogeneous group, as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 including interest income recognized in the period during which the loans and leases were considered impaired.

| June 30, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) | With a recorded allowance |  | With no recorded allowance |  | Total |  | Unpaid principal balance |  | Related allowance recorded
Non-PCI impaired loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development - commercial | $ | 554 |  |  | $ | 274 |  |  | $ | 828 |  |  | $ | 932 |  |  | $ | 93 |
Commercial mortgage | 41,376 |  |  | 33,292 |  |  | 74,668 |  |  | 80,633 |  |  | 4,166 |
Other commercial real estate | 1,133 |  |  | 434 |  |  | 1,567 |  |  | 1,877 |  |  | 225 |
Commercial and industrial | 6,135 |  |  | 3,621 |  |  | 9,756 |  |  | 11,983 |  |  | 623 |
Lease financing | 1,591 |  |  | 194 |  |  | 1,785 |  |  | 1,785 |  |  | 66 |
Other | — |  |  | 662 |  |  | 662 |  |  | 662 |  |  | — |
Residential mortgage | 23,899 |  |  | 15,438 |  |  | 39,337 |  |  | 40,972 |  |  | 2,687 |
Revolving mortgage | 5,708 |  |  | 3,096 |  |  | 8,804 |  |  | 10,054 |  |  | 1,086 |
Construction and land development - noncommercial | 795 |  |  | 2,906 |  |  | 3,701 |  |  | 4,393 |  |  | 86 |
Consumer | 1,546 |  |  | 727 |  |  | 2,273 |  |  | 2,521 |  |  | 632 |
Total non-PCI impaired loans and leases | $ | 82,737 |  |  | $ | 60,644 |  |  | $ | 143,381 |  |  | $ | 155,812 |  |  | $ | 9,664 |
| December 31, 2016
(Dollars in thousands) | With a recorded allowance |  | With no recorded allowance |  | Total |  | Unpaid principal balance |  | Related allowance recorded
Non-PCI impaired loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development - commercial | $ | 1,002 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 1,045 |  |  | $ | 1,172 |  |  | $ | 151 |
Commercial mortgage | 42,875 |  |  | 33,486 |  |  | 76,361 |  |  | 82,658 |  |  | 3,488 |
Other commercial real estate | 1,279 |  |  | 284 |  |  | 1,563 |  |  | 1,880 |  |  | 152 |
Commercial and industrial | 8,920 |  |  | 3,680 |  |  | 12,600 |  |  | 16,637 |  |  | 1,732 |
Lease financing | 1,002 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 1,074 |  |  | 1,074 |  |  | 75 |
Other | 142 |  |  | — |  |  | 142 |  |  | 233 |  |  | 23 |
Residential mortgage | 20,269 |  |  | 11,207 |  |  | 31,476 |  |  | 32,588 |  |  | 2,447 |
Revolving mortgage | 1,825 |  |  | 5,788 |  |  | 7,613 |  |  | 8,831 |  |  | 366 |
Construction and land development - noncommercial | 645 |  |  | 1,968 |  |  | 2,613 |  |  | 3,030 |  |  | 109 |
Consumer | 1,532 |  |  | 380 |  |  | 1,912 |  |  | 2,086 |  |  | 667 |
Total non-PCI impaired loans and leases | $ | 79,491 |  |  | $ | 56,908 |  |  | $ | 136,399 |  |  | $ | 150,189 |  |  | $ | 9,210 |

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The following tables show the average non-PCI impaired loan balance and the interest income recognized by loan class for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016:

| Three months ended June 30, 2017 |  | Three months ended June 30, 2016
(Dollars in thousands) | Average balance |  | Interest income recognized |  | Average balance |  | Interest income recognized
Non-PCI impaired loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development - commercial | $ | 970 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 3,236 |  |  | $ | 40 |
Commercial mortgage | 74,121 |  |  | 651 |  |  | 79,442 |  |  | 616 |
Other commercial real estate | 1,525 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 878 |  |  | 7 |
Commercial and industrial | 10,159 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 9,938 |  |  | 84 |
Lease financing | 1,911 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 1,214 |  |  | 15 |
Other | 434 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 813 |  |  | 10 |
Residential mortgage | 36,767 |  |  | 272 |  |  | 24,982 |  |  | 178 |
Revolving mortgage | 8,484 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 6,421 |  |  | 40 |
Construction and land development - noncommercial | 3,185 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 413 |  |  | 5 |
Consumer | 2,052 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 1,422 |  |  | 20 |
Total non-PCI impaired loans and leases | $ | 139,608 |  |  | $ | 1,179 |  |  | $ | 128,759 |  |  | $ | 1,015 |
| Six months ended June 30, 2017 |  | Six months ended June 30, 2016
(Dollars in thousands) | Average balance |  | Interest income recognized |  | Average balance |  | Interest income recognized
Non-PCI impaired loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development - commercial | $ | 1,013 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 3,200 |  |  | $ | 81 |
Commercial mortgage | 74,715 |  |  | 1,293 |  |  | 86,193 |  |  | 1,382 |
Other commercial real estate | 1,555 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 651 |  |  | 12 |
Commercial and industrial | 10,844 |  |  | 202 |  |  | 12,744 |  |  | 235 |
Lease financing | 1,740 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 1,436 |  |  | 35 |
Other | 315 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 943 |  |  | 24 |
Residential mortgage | 34,864 |  |  | 525 |  |  | 24,240 |  |  | 350 |
Revolving mortgage | 8,227 |  |  | 119 |  |  | 6,365 |  |  | 72 |
Construction and land development - noncommercial | 2,895 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 485 |  |  | 11 |
Consumer | 1,976 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 1,344 |  |  | 38 |
Total non-PCI impaired loans and leases | $ | 138,144 |  |  | $ | 2,327 |  |  | $ | 137,601 |  |  | $ | 2,240 |

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Troubled Debt Restructurings
BancShares accounts for certain loan modifications or restructurings as troubled debt restructurings (TDRs). In general, the modification or restructuring of a loan is considered a TDR if, for economic reasons or legal reasons related to a borrower's financial difficulties, a concession is granted to the borrower that creditors would not otherwise grant. Concessions may relate to the contractual interest rate, maturity date, payment structure or other actions. In accordance with GAAP, acquired loans accounted for under ASC 310-30, Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality, are not initially considered to be TDRs, but can be classified as such if a modification is made subsequent to acquisition. Subsequent modifications of a PCI loan accounted for in a pool that would otherwise meet the definition of a TDR is not reported, or accounted for, as a TDR since pooled PCI loans are excluded from the scope of TDR accounting.
The following table provides a summary of total TDRs by accrual status.

| June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
(Dollars in thousands) | Accruing |  | Nonaccruing |  | Total |  | Accruing |  | Nonaccruing |  | Total
Commercial loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development - commercial | $ | 3,189 |  |  | $ | 396 |  |  | $ | 3,585 |  |  | $ | 3,292 |  |  | $ | 308 |  |  | $ | 3,600 |
Commercial mortgage | 64,031 |  |  | 14,969 |  |  | 79,000 |  |  | 70,263 |  |  | 14,435 |  |  | 84,698 |
Other commercial real estate | 862 |  |  | 627 |  |  | 1,489 |  |  | 1,635 |  |  | 80 |  |  | 1,715 |
Commercial and industrial | 8,234 |  |  | 621 |  |  | 8,855 |  |  | 9,193 |  |  | 1,436 |  |  | 10,629 |
Lease financing | 1,025 |  |  | 760 |  |  | 1,785 |  |  | 882 |  |  | 192 |  |  | 1,074 |
Other | 662 |  |  | — |  |  | 662 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 142 |
Total commercial TDRs | 78,003 |  |  | 17,373 |  |  | 95,376 |  |  | 85,329 |  |  | 16,529 |  |  | 101,858 |
Noncommercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage | 37,022 |  |  | 7,013 |  |  | 44,035 |  |  | 34,012 |  |  | 5,117 |  |  | 39,129 |
Revolving mortgage | 7,061 |  |  | 1,908 |  |  | 8,969 |  |  | 6,346 |  |  | 1,431 |  |  | 7,777 |
Construction and land development - noncommercial | 237 |  |  | — |  |  | 237 |  |  | 240 |  |  | — |  |  | 240 |
Consumer and other | 1,852 |  |  | 422 |  |  | 2,274 |  |  | 1,603 |  |  | 309 |  |  | 1,912 |
Total noncommercial TDRs | 46,172 |  |  | 9,343 |  |  | 55,515 |  |  | 42,201 |  |  | 6,857 |  |  | 49,058 |
Total TDRs | $ | 124,175 |  |  | $ | 26,716 |  |  | $ | 150,891 |  |  | $ | 127,530 |  |  | $ | 23,386 |  |  | $ | 150,916 |

The majority of TDRs are included in the special mention, substandard or doubtful grading categories. When a restructured loan subsequently defaults, it is evaluated and downgraded if appropriate. The more severely graded the loan, the lower the estimated expected cash flows and the greater the allowance recorded. TDRs are evaluated individually for impairment through a review of collateral values or analysis of cash flows.
The following table shows the accrual status of non-PCI and PCI TDRs.

(Dollars in thousands) | June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Accruing TDRs: |  |  |
PCI | $ | 19,877 |  |  | $ | 26,068 |
Non-PCI | 104,298 |  |  | 101,462 |
Total accruing TDRs | 124,175 |  |  | 127,530 |
Nonaccruing TDRs: |  |  |
PCI | 318 |  |  | 301 |
Non-PCI | 26,398 |  |  | 23,085 |
Total nonaccruing TDRs | 26,716 |  |  | 23,386 |
All TDRs: |  |  |
PCI | 20,195 |  |  | 26,369 |
Non-PCI | 130,696 |  |  | 124,547 |
Total TDRs | $ | 150,891 |  |  | $ | 150,916 |

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The following table provides the types of non-PCI TDRs made during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016, as well as a summary of loans that were modified as a TDR during the twelve month periods ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016 that subsequently defaulted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016. BancShares defines payment default as movement of the TDR to nonaccrual status, which is generally 90 days past due for TDRs, foreclosure or charge-off, whichever occurs first.

| Three months ended June 30, 2017 |  | Three months ended June 30, 2016
| All restructurings |  | Restructurings with payment default |  | All restructurings |  | Restructurings with payment default
(Dollars in thousands) | Number of Loans | Recorded investment at period end |  | Number of Loans | Recorded investment at period end |  | Number of Loans | Recorded investment at period end |  | Number of Loans | Recorded investment at period end
Non-PCI loans and leases |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest only period provided |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial mortgage | 2 |  | $ | 406 |  |  | 1 |  | $ | 332 |  |  | — |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  | $ | — |
Residential mortgage | 1 |  | $ | 165 |  |  | — |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  | $ | — |
Total interest only | 3 |  | 571 |  |  | 1 |  | 332 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |
Loan term extension |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial mortgage | 1 |  | 434 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 2 |  | 808 |  |  | — |  | — |
Other commercial real estate | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 1 |  | 841 |  |  | — |  | — |
Commercial and industrial | 3 |  | 549 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 1 |  | — |
Residential mortgage | 8 |  | 401 |  |  | 1 |  | 32 |  |  | 5 |  | 678 |  |  | 1 |  | 52 |
Consumer | 1 |  | 13 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |
Total loan term extension | 13 |  | 1,397 |  |  | 1 |  | 32 |  |  | 8 |  | 2,327 |  |  | 2 |  | 52 |
Below market interest rate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development - commercial | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 4 |  | 317 |  |  | 2 |  | 209 |
Commercial mortgage | 8 |  | 1,448 |  |  | 5 |  | 420 |  |  | 12 |  | 1,741 |  |  | 5 |  | 577 |
Other commercial real estate | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 1 |  | 498 |  |  | 1 |  | 12 |
Commercial and industrial | 6 |  | 276 |  |  | 2 |  | 88 |  |  | 8 |  | 694 |  |  | 5 |  | 197 |
Residential mortgage | 48 |  | 2,266 |  |  | 22 |  | 1,020 |  |  | 42 |  | 2,473 |  |  | 20 |  | 1,337 |
Revolving mortgage | 1 |  | 6 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 2 |  | 59 |  |  | — |  | — |
Construction and land development - noncommercial | 1 |  | 10 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |
Consumer | 6 |  | 50 |  |  | 1 |  | 14 |  |  | 1 |  | 16 |  |  | 1 |  | — |
Other | — |  | — |  |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 1 |  | 85 |
Total below market interest rate | 70 |  | 4,056 |  |  | 31 |  | 1,542 |  |  | 70 |  | 5,798 |  |  | 35 |  | 2,417 |
Discharged from bankruptcy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development - commercial | 1 |  | 17 |  |  | 1 |  | 17 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |
Commercial mortgage | 2 |  | 410 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 2 |  | 283 |  |  | — |  | — |
Commercial and industrial | 1 |  | — |  |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | 2 |  | 49 |  |  | — |  | — |
Residential mortgage | 8 |  | 223 |  |  | 7 |  | 77 |  |  | 5 |  | 147 |  |  | 7 |  | 506 |
Revolving mortgage | 12 |  | 570 |  |  | 4 |  | 325 |  |  | 13 |  | 1,461 |  |  | 5 |  | 59 |
Construction and land development-noncommercial | — |  | — |  |  | 1 |  | 20 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |
Consumer | 16 |  | 222 |  |  | 10 |  | 176 |  |  | 10 |  | 144 |  |  | 7 |  | 79 |
Total discharged from bankruptcy | 40 |  | 1,442 |  |  | 24 |  | 615 |  |  | 32 |  | 2,084 |  |  | 19 |  | 644 |
Total non-PCI restructurings | 126 |  | $ | 7,466 |  |  | 57 |  | $ | 2,521 |  |  | 110 |  | $ | 10,209 |  |  | 56 |  | $ | 3,113 |

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| Six months ended June 30, 2017 |  | Six months ended June 30, 2016
| All restructurings |  | Restructurings with payment default |  | All restructurings |  | Restructurings with payment default
(Dollars in thousands) | Number of Loans | Recorded investment at period end |  | Number of Loans | Recorded investment at period end |  | Number of Loans | Recorded investment at period end |  | Number of Loans | Recorded investment at period end
Non-PCI loans and leases |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest only period provided |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial mortgage | 2 |  | $ | 406 |  |  | 1 |  | $ | 332 |  |  | 1 |  | $ | 249 |  |  | 1 |  | $ | 249 |
Residential mortgage | 1 |  | 165 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |
Total interest only | 3 |  | 571 |  |  | 1 |  | 332 |  |  | 1 |  | 249 |  |  | 1 |  | 249 |
Loan term extension |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development - commercial | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 1 |  | 401 |  |  | — |  | — |
Commercial mortgage | 1 |  | 434 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 4 |  | 1,096 |  |  | — |  | — |
Other commercial real estate | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 1 |  | 841 |  |  | — |  | — |
Commercial and industrial | 6 |  | 639 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 1 |  | — |
Residential mortgage | 9 |  | 433 |  |  | 1 |  | 32 |  |  | 7 |  | 978 |  |  | 1 |  | 52 |
Consumer | 4 |  | 41 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |
Other | 1 |  | 523 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |
Total loan term extension | 21 |  | 2,070 |  |  | 1 |  | 32 |  |  | 13 |  | 3,316 |  |  | 2 |  | 52 |
Below market interest rate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development - commercial | 1 |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 6 |  | 414 |  |  | 3 |  | 227 |
Commercial mortgage | 21 |  | 4,734 |  |  | 6 |  | 509 |  |  | 22 |  | 2,866 |  |  | 9 |  | 1,078 |
Other commercial real estate | 1 |  | 2 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 1 |  | 498 |  |  | 1 |  | 12 |
Commercial and industrial | 14 |  | 804 |  |  | 2 |  | 88 |  |  | 11 |  | 704 |  |  | 5 |  | 197 |
Lease financing | 3 |  | 760 |  |  | 2 |  | 701 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |
Residential mortgage | 95 |  | 4,894 |  |  | 35 |  | 1,643 |  |  | 94 |  | 5,998 |  |  | 32 |  | 2,107 |
Revolving mortgage | 1 |  | 6 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 4 |  | 141 |  |  | — |  | — |
Construction and land development - noncommercial | 7 |  | 663 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |
Consumer | 10 |  | 73 |  |  | 1 |  | 14 |  |  | 3 |  | 20 |  |  | 1 |  | — |
Other | 1 |  | 139 |  |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | 1 |  | 85 |  |  | 1 |  | 85 |
Total below market interest rate | 154 |  | 12,075 |  |  | 47 |  | 2,955 |  |  | 142 |  | 10,726 |  |  | 52 |  | 3,706 |
Discharged from bankruptcy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development - commercial | 1 |  | 17 |  |  | 1 |  | 17 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 1 |  | 14 |
Commercial mortgage | 2 |  | 410 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 2 |  | 283 |  |  | — |  | — |
Commercial and industrial | 1 |  | — |  |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | 2 |  | 49 |  |  | — |  | — |
Lease financing | 16 |  | 178 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |
Residential mortgage | 16 |  | 777 |  |  | 8 |  | 956 |  |  | 11 |  | 721 |  |  | 7 |  | 506 |
Revolving mortgage | 20 |  | 1,093 |  |  | 11 |  | 825 |  |  | 25 |  | 1,695 |  |  | 12 |  | 151 |
Construction and land development - noncommercial | 1 |  | 20 |  |  | 1 |  | 20 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |
Consumer | 40 |  | 510 |  |  | 20 |  | 273 |  |  | 25 |  | 290 |  |  | 10 |  | 95 |
Total discharged from bankruptcy | 97 |  | 3,005 |  |  | 42 |  | 2,091 |  |  | 65 |  | 3,038 |  |  | 30 |  | 766 |
Total non-PCI restructurings | 275 |  | $ | 17,721 |  |  | 91 |  | $ | 5,410 |  |  | 221 |  | $ | 17,329 |  |  | 85 |  | $ | 4,773 |

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The following table provides the types of PCI TDRs made during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016, as well as a summary of loans that were modified as a TDR during the twelve month periods ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016 that subsequently defaulted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016.

| Three months ended June 30, 2017 |  | Three months ended June 30, 2016
| All restructurings |  | Restructurings with payment default |  | All restructurings |  | Restructurings with payment default
(Dollars in thousands) | Number of loans | Recorded investment at period end |  | Number of loans | Recorded investment at period end |  | Number of loans | Recorded investment at period end |  | Number of loans | Recorded investment at period end
PCI loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Below market interest rate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial mortgage | 2 |  | $ | 344 |  |  | 1 |  | $ | 1,258 |  |  | — |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  | $ | — |
Residential mortgage | 1 |  | 40 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 1 |  | 48 |  |  | 1 |  | 54 |
Total below market interest rate | 3 |  | 384 |  |  | 1 |  | 1,258 |  |  | 1 |  | 48 |  |  | 1 |  | 54 |
Total PCI restructurings | 3 |  | $ | 384 |  |  | 1 |  | $ | 1,258 |  |  | 1 |  | $ | 48 |  |  | 1 |  | $ | 54 |

| Six months ended June 30, 2017 |  | Six months ended June 30, 2016
| All restructurings |  | Restructurings with payment default |  | All restructurings |  | Restructurings with payment default
(Dollars in thousands) | Number of loans | Recorded investment at period end |  | Number of loans | Recorded investment at period end |  | Number of loans | Recorded investment at period end |  | Number of loans | Recorded investment at period end
PCI loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Below market interest rate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development - commercial | — |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  | $ | — |  |  | 1 |  | $ | 55 |  |  | — |  | $ | — |
Commercial mortgage | 2 |  | 344 |  |  | 1 |  | 1,258 |  |  | 3 |  | 2,027 |  |  | — |  | — |
Residential mortgage | 3 |  | 163 |  |  | 1 |  | 18 |  |  | 1 |  | 48 |  |  | 1 |  | 54 |
Total below market interest rate | 5 |  | 507 |  |  | 2 |  | 1,276 |  |  | 5 |  | 2,130 |  |  | 1 |  | 54 |
Total PCI restructurings | 5 |  | $ | 507 |  |  | 2 |  | $ | 1,276 |  |  | 5 |  | $ | 2,130 |  |  | 1 |  | $ | 54 |

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016, the pre-modification and post-modification outstanding recorded investments of loans modified as TDRs were not materially different.
NOTE F - OTHER REAL ESTATE OWNED (OREO)
The following table explains changes in other real estate owned during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016.

(Dollars in thousands) | Covered |  | Noncovered |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2015 | $ | 6,817 |  |  | $ | 58,742 |  |  | $ | 65,559 |
Additions | 4,734 |  |  | 16,546 |  |  | 21,280 |
Additions acquired in the First CornerStone Bank acquisition | — |  |  | 144 |  |  | 144 |
Sales | (781 | ) |  | (14,728 | ) |  | (15,509 | )
Write-downs | (570 | ) |  | (3,815 | ) |  | (4,385 | )
Transfers (1) | (9,716 | ) |  | 9,716 |  |  | — |
Balance at June 30, 2016 | $ | 484 |  |  | $ | 66,605 |  |  | $ | 67,089 |
Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | 472 |  |  | $ | 60,759 |  |  | $ | 61,231 |
Additions | 16 |  |  | 21,875 |  |  | 21,891 |
Additions acquired in the Guaranty Bank acquisition | — |  |  | 55 |  |  | 55 |
Sales | (273 | ) |  | (19,115 | ) |  | (19,388 | )
Write-downs | (53 | ) |  | (2,955 | ) |  | (3,008 | )
Balance at June 30, 2017 | $ | 162 |  |  | $ | 60,619 |  |  | $ | 60,781 |

(1) Transfers include OREO balances associated with expired or terminated shared-loss agreements.
At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, BancShares had $20.6 million and $15.0 million, respectively, of foreclosed residential real estate property in OREO. The recorded investment in consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property in the process of foreclosure was $28.8 million and $21.8 million at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
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NOTE G - FDIC SHARED-LOSS RECEIVABLE AND PAYABLE
BancShares completed six FDIC-assisted transactions with shared-loss agreements during the period beginning in 2009 through 2011. Prior to its merger into BancShares, First Citizens Bancorporation, Inc. (Bancorporation) completed three FDIC-assisted transactions with shared-loss agreements: Georgian Bank (acquired in 2009); Williamsburg First National Bank (acquired in 2010); and Atlantic Bank & Trust (acquired in 2011).
During the first quarter of 2017, FCB entered into an agreement with the FDIC to terminate the shared-loss agreement for Venture
Bank (VB). Under the terms of the agreement, FCB made a payment of $285 thousand to the FDIC as consideration for early termination of the shared-loss agreement. The early termination resulted in a reduction of $240 thousand to the FDIC shared-loss receivable and a $45 thousand loss on the termination of the shared-loss agreement. In addition to the shared-loss agreement termination for VB, FCB terminated five shared-loss agreements in 2016, including Temecula Valley Bank, Sun American Bank, Williamsburg First National Bank, Atlantic Bank & Trust and Colorado Capital Bank.
As of June 30, 2017, shared-loss protection has expired or has been terminated for all non-single family residential loans. Shared-loss protection remains only for $73.2 million of single family residential loans acquired from United Western Bank and Georgian Bank.
The following table provides changes in the receivable from the FDIC for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016.

| Three months ended June 30 |  | Six months ended June 30
(Dollars in thousands) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Beginning balance | $ | 3,981 |  |  | $ | 7,474 |  |  | $ | 4,172 |  |  | $ | 4,054 |
Amortization | (422 | ) |  | (867 | ) |  | (1,022 | ) |  | (3,242 | )
Net cash payments to FDIC | 2,437 |  |  | 3,631 |  |  | 5,197 |  |  | 13,502 |
Post-acquisition adjustments | (2,230 | ) |  | (3,495 | ) |  | (4,821 | ) |  | (7,571 | )
Termination of FDIC shared-loss agreements | — |  |  | (1,462 | ) |  | 240 |  |  | (1,462 | )
Ending balance | $ | 3,766 |  |  | $ | 5,281 |  |  | $ | 3,766 |  |  | $ | 5,281 |

NOTE H - MORTGAGE SERVICING RIGHTS
Our portfolio of residential mortgage loans serviced for third parties was $2.59 billion and $2.49 billion as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. These loans were originated by BancShares and sold to third parties on a non-recourse basis with servicing rights retained. These retained servicing rights are recorded as a servicing asset and reported in other intangible assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The mortgage servicing rights are initially recorded at fair value and then carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair market value.
The activity of the servicing asset for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 is presented in the following table:

| Three months ended June 30 |  | Six months ended June 30
(Dollars in thousands) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Beginning balance | $ | 20,771 |  |  | $ | 17,186 |  |  | $ | 20,415 |  |  | $ | 19,351 |
Servicing rights originated | 1,123 |  |  | 1,351 |  |  | 2,825 |  |  | 2,328 |
Amortization | (1,370 | ) |  | (1,333 | ) |  | (2,720 | ) |  | (2,601 | )
Valuation allowance (provision) reversal | — |  |  | (380 | ) |  | 4 |  |  | (2,254 | )
Ending balance | $ | 20,524 |  |  | $ | 16,824 |  |  | $ | 20,524 |  |  | $ | 16,824 |

The following table presents the activity in the servicing asset valuation allowance for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016:

| Three months ended June 30 |  | Six months ended June 30
(Dollars in thousands) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Beginning balance | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,969 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 95 |
Valuation allowance provision (reversal) | — |  |  | 380 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 2,254 |
Ending balance | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,349 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,349 |

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Contractually specified mortgage servicing fees, late fees, and ancillary fees earned for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 were $1.9 million and $1.5 million, respectively, and reported in mortgage income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. For the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, contractually specified mortgage servicing fees, late fees and ancillary fees earned were $3.6 million and $2.9 million, respectively.
The amortization expense related to mortgage servicing rights, included as a reduction of mortgage income in the Consolidated Statements of Income, was $1.4 million and $1.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, amortization expense related to mortgage servicing rights was $2.7 million and $2.6 million, respectively. Mortgage income included an impairment for the three months ended June 30, 2016 of $380 thousand. For the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, mortgage income included an impairment reversal of $4 thousand and an impairment of $2.3 million, respectively.
Valuation of mortgage servicing rights is performed using a pooling methodology. Similar loans are pooled together and evaluated on a discounted earnings basis to determine the present value of future earnings. Key economic assumptions used to value mortgage servicing rights as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows:

| June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Discount rate - conventional fixed loans | 9.30 | % |  | 9.45 | %
Discount rate - all loans excluding conventional fixed loans | 10.30 | % |  | 10.45 | %
Weighted average constant prepayment rate | 10.41 | % |  | 10.42 | %
Weighted average cost to service a loan | $ | 64.01 |  |  | $ | 62.75 |

NOTE I - REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
BancShares utilizes securities sold under agreements to repurchase to facilitate the needs of customers and secure short-term funding needs. Repurchase agreements are transactions whereby BancShares offers to sell to a counterparty an undivided interest in an eligible security at an agreed upon purchase price, and which obligates BancShares to repurchase the security on an agreed upon date at an agreed upon repurchase price plus interest at an agreed upon rate. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are recorded at the amount of cash received in connection with the transaction and are generally reflected as short-term borrowings on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
BancShares monitors collateral levels on a continuous basis and maintains records of each transaction specifically describing the applicable security and the counterparty’s fractional interest in that security, and segregates the security from general assets in accordance with regulations governing custodial holdings of securities. The primary risk with repurchase agreements is market risk associated with the investments securing the transactions, as additional collateral may be required based on fair value changes of the underlying investments. Securities pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements are maintained with safekeeping agents. The carrying value of available for sale investment securities pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements was $808.7 million and $690.8 million at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
The remaining contractual maturity of the securities sold under agreements to repurchase by class of collateral pledged included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is presented in the following tables.

| June 30, 2017
| Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
(Dollars in thousands) | Overnight and continuous |  | Up to 30 Days |  | 30-90 Days |  | Greater than 90 Days |  | Total
Repurchase agreements |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury | $ | 651,688 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 30,000 |  |  | $ | 681,688 |
Total borrowings | $ | 651,688 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 30,000 |  |  | $ | 681,688 |
Gross amount of recognized liabilities for repurchase agreements |  | $ | 681,688 |
| December 31, 2016
| Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
| Overnight and continuous |  | Up to 30 Days |  | 30-90 Days |  | Greater than 90 Days |  | Total
Repurchase agreements |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury | $ | 590,772 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 30,000 |  |  | $ | 620,772 |
Total borrowings | $ | 590,772 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 30,000 |  |  | $ | 620,772 |
Gross amount of recognized liabilities for repurchase agreements |  | $ | 620,772 |

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NOTE J - ESTIMATED FAIR VALUES
Fair value estimates are intended to represent the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. Where there is no active market for a financial instrument, BancShares has made estimates using discounted cash flows or other valuation techniques. Inputs to these valuation methods are subjective in nature, involve uncertainties and require significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Accordingly, the derived fair value estimates presented below are not necessarily indicative of the amounts BancShares could realize in a current market exchange.
ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, indicates that assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value according to a fair value hierarchy comprised of three levels. The levels are based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. The level within the fair value hierarchy for an asset or liability is based on the highest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement (with Level 1 considered highest and Level 3 considered lowest). A brief description of each level follows:

• | Level 1 values are based on quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

• | Level 2 values are based on quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.

• | Level 3 values are generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect estimates that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include the use of discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

Valuation adjustments, such as those pertaining to counterparty and BancShares' own credit quality and liquidity, may be necessary to ensure that assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value. Credit valuation adjustments are made when market pricing does not accurately reflect the counterparty's credit quality. As determined by BancShares management, liquidity valuation adjustments may be made to the fair value of certain assets to reflect the uncertainty in the pricing and trading of the instruments when recent market transactions for identical or similar instruments are not observed.
BancShares management reviews any changes to its valuation methodologies to ensure they are appropriate and justified, and refines valuation methodologies as more market-based data becomes available. Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are recognized at the end of the reporting period.
The methodologies used to estimate the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities are discussed below:
Investment securities available for sale. U.S. Treasury, government agency, mortgage-backed securities, municipal securities, corporate bonds and trust preferred securities are generally measured at fair value using a third party pricing service or recent comparable market transactions in similar or identical securities and are classified as Level 2 instruments. Equity securities are measured at fair value using observable closing prices and the valuation also considers the amount of market activity by examining the trade volume of each security. Equity securities are classified as Level 1 if they are traded on a heavily active market and as Level 2 if the observable closing price is from a less than active market.
Loans held for sale. Certain residential real estate loans are originated to be sold to investors, which are carried at fair value as BancShares elected the fair value option on originated loans held for sale. The fair value is based on quoted market prices for similar types of loans. Accordingly, the inputs used to calculate fair value of originated residential real estate loans held for sale are classified as Level 2 inputs. Portfolio loans with the intent to be sold in the secondary market are transferred to loans held for sale at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. The fair value of the transferred portfolio loans is based on the quoted prices and is considered a Level 1 input.
Net loans and leases (PCI and Non-PCI). Fair value is estimated based on discounted future cash flows using the current interest rates at which loans with similar terms would be made to borrowers of similar credit quality. An additional valuation adjustment is made for liquidity. The inputs used in the fair value measurements for loans and leases are considered Level 3 inputs.
FHLB stock. The carrying amount of FHLB stock is a reasonable estimate of fair value as these securities are not readily marketable and are evaluated for impairment based on the ultimate recoverability of the par value. BancShares considers positive and negative evidence, including the profitability and asset quality of the issuer, dividend payment history and recent redemption experience, when determining the ultimate recoverability of the par value. BancShares believes its investment in FHLB stock is ultimately recoverable at par. The inputs used in the fair value measurement for the FHLB stock are considered Level 2 inputs.
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Mortgage servicing rights. Mortgage servicing rights are carried at the lower of amortized cost or market and are, therefore, carried at fair value only when fair value is less than the asset cost. The fair value of mortgage servicing rights is performed using a pooling methodology. Similar loans are pooled together and a model that relies on discount rates, estimates of prepayment rates and the weighted average cost to service the loans is used to determine the fair value. The inputs used in the fair value measurement for mortgage servicing rights are considered Level 3 inputs.
Deposits. For non-time deposits, carrying value is a reasonable estimate of fair value. The fair value of time deposits is estimated by discounting future cash flows using the interest rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities. The inputs used in the fair value measurement for deposits are considered Level 2 inputs.
Long-term obligations. For fixed rate trust preferred securities, the fair values are determined based on recent trades of the actual security if available. For other long-term obligations, fair values are estimated by discounting future cash flows using current interest rates for similar financial instruments. The inputs used in the fair value measurement for long-term obligations are considered Level 2 inputs.
Payable to the FDIC for shared-loss agreements. The fair value of the payable to the FDIC for shared-loss agreements is determined by the projected cash flows based on expected payments to the FDIC in accordance with the shared-loss agreements. Cash flows are discounted using current discount rates to reflect the timing of the estimated amounts due to the FDIC. The inputs used in the fair value measurement for the payable to the FDIC are considered Level 3 inputs.
Off-balance-sheet commitments and contingencies. Carrying amounts are reasonable estimates of the fair values for such financial instruments. Carrying amounts include unamortized fee income and, in some cases, reserves for any credit losses from those financial instruments. These amounts are not material to BancShares' financial position.
For all other financial assets and financial liabilities, the carrying value is a reasonable estimate of the fair value as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. The carrying value and fair value for these assets and liabilities are equivalent because they are relatively short term in nature and there is no interest rate or credit risk that would cause the fair value to differ from the carrying value. Cash and due from banks is classified on the fair value hierarchy as Level 1. Overnight investments, income earned not collected, short-term borrowings and accrued interest payable are considered Level 2. Lastly, the receivable from the FDIC for shared-loss agreements is designated as Level 3.

(Dollars in thousands) | June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Carrying value |  | Fair value |  | Carrying value |  | Fair value
Cash and due from banks | $ | 556,772 |  |  | $ | 556,772 |  |  | $ | 539,741 |  |  | $ | 539,741 |
Overnight investments | 2,882,789 |  |  | 2,882,789 |  |  | 1,872,594 |  |  | 1,872,594 |
Investment securities available for sale | 6,596,450 |  |  | 6,596,450 |  |  | 7,006,580 |  |  | 7,006,580 |
Investment securities held to maturity | 80 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 104 |
Loans held for sale | 154,534 |  |  | 155,377 |  |  | 74,401 |  |  | 74,401 |
Net loans and leases | 22,642,667 |  |  | 21,705,640 |  |  | 21,519,083 |  |  | 20,614,548 |
Receivable from the FDIC for shared-loss agreements | 3,766 |  |  | 3,766 |  |  | 4,172 |  |  | 4,172 |
Income earned not collected | 86,640 |  |  | 86,640 |  |  | 79,839 |  |  | 79,839 |
Federal Home Loan Bank stock | 53,085 |  |  | 53,085 |  |  | 43,495 |  |  | 43,495 |
Mortgage servicing rights | 20,524 |  |  | 25,194 |  |  | 20,415 |  |  | 24,446 |
Deposits | 29,456,338 |  |  | 29,425,034 |  |  | 28,161,343 |  |  | 28,135,698 |
Short-term borrowings | 784,517 |  |  | 784,517 |  |  | 603,487 |  |  | 603,487 |
Long-term obligations | 879,957 |  |  | 869,276 |  |  | 832,942 |  |  | 832,201 |
Payable to the FDIC for shared-loss agreements | 99,126 |  |  | 101,839 |  |  | 97,008 |  |  | 100,069 |
Accrued interest payable | 5,141 |  |  | 5,141 |  |  | 3,797 |  |  | 3,797 |

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Among BancShares' assets and liabilities, investment securities available for sale and loans held for sale are reported at their fair values on a recurring basis. For assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis, the following table provides fair value information as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

| June 30, 2017
|  |  | Fair value measurements using:
(Dollars in thousands) | Fair value |  | Level 1 inputs |  | Level 2 inputs |  | Level 3 inputs
Assets measured at fair value |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury | $ | 1,616,134 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,616,134 |  |  | $ | — |
Government agency | 40,081 |  |  | — |  |  | 40,081 |  |  | — |
Mortgage-backed securities | 4,772,242 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,772,242 |  |  | — |
Equity securities | 105,859 |  |  | 34,264 |  |  | 71,595 |  |  | — |
Corporate bonds | 54,705 |  |  | — |  |  | 54,705 |  |  | — |
Other | 7,429 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,429 |  |  | — |
Total investment securities available for sale | $ | 6,596,450 |  |  | $ | 34,264 |  |  | $ | 6,562,186 |  |  | $ | — |
Loans held for sale | $ | 155,377 |  |  | $ | 85,352 |  |  | $ | 70,025 |  |  | $ | — |
| December 31, 2016
|  |  | Fair value measurements using:
| Fair value |  | Level 1 inputs |  | Level 2 inputs |  | Level 3 inputs
Assets measured at fair value |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury | $ | 1,650,319 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,650,319 |  |  | $ | — |
Government agency | 40,398 |  |  | — |  |  | 40,398 |  |  | — |
Mortgage-backed securities | 5,175,425 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,175,425 |  |  | — |
Equity securities | 83,507 |  |  | 29,145 |  |  | 54,362 |  |  | — |
Corporate bonds | 49,562 |  |  | — |  |  | 49,562 |  |  | — |
Other | 7,369 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,369 |  |  | — |
Total investment securities available for sale | $ | 7,006,580 |  |  | $ | 29,145 |  |  | $ | 6,977,435 |  |  | $ | — |
Loans held for sale | $ | 74,401 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 74,401 |  |  | $ | — |

There were no transfers between levels during the three or six months ended June 30, 2017.
Fair Value Option
BancShares has elected the fair value option for originated residential real estate loans held for sale. This election reduces certain timing differences in the Consolidated Statement of Income and better aligns with the management of the portfolio from a business perspective.
The following table summarizes the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate unpaid principal balance for originated residential real estate loans held for sale measured at fair value as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

| June 30, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) | Fair Value |  | Aggregate Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Difference
Originated loans held for sale | $ | 70,025 |  |  | $ | 68,305 |  |  | $ | 1,720 |
| December 31, 2016
| Fair Value |  | Aggregate Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Difference
Originated loans held for sale | $ | 74,401 |  |  | $ | 75,893 |  |  | $ | (1,492 | )

No originated loans held for sale were 90 or more days past due or on nonaccrual status as of June 30, 2017 or December 31, 2016.
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The changes in fair value for originated residential real estate loans held for sale for which the fair value option was elected are recorded as a component of mortgage income on the Consolidated Statements of Income and are included in the table below for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.

| Three months ended June 30 |  | Six months ended June 30
(Dollars in thousands) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Gains from fair value changes on originated loans held for sale | $ | 291 |  |  | $ | 876 |  |  | $ | 3,452 |  |  | $ | 1,639 |

Certain other assets are adjusted to their fair value on a nonrecurring basis, including impaired loans, OREO, and goodwill, which are periodically tested for impairment, and mortgage servicing rights, which are carried at the lower of amortized cost or market. Non-impaired loans held for investment, deposits, short-term borrowings and long-term obligations are not reported at fair value.
Impaired loans are deemed to be at fair value if an associated allowance or current period charge-off has been recorded. The value of impaired loans is determined by either collateral valuations or discounted present value of the expected cash flow calculations. Collateral values are determined using appraisals or other third-party value estimates of the subject property with discounts generally between 8 and 12 percent applied for estimated holding and selling costs and other external factors that may impact the marketability of the property. Expected cash flows are determined using expected payment information at the individual loan level, discounted using the effective interest rate. The effective interest rate generally ranges between 2 and 16 percent.
OREO is measured and reported at fair value using asset valuations. Asset values are determined using appraisals or other third-party value estimates of the subject property with discounts generally between 8 and 12 percent applied for estimated holding and selling costs and other external factors that may impact the marketability of the property. Changes to the value of the assets between scheduled valuation dates are monitored through continued communication with brokers and monthly reviews by the asset manager assigned to each asset. If there are any significant changes in the market or the subject property, valuations are adjusted or new appraisals ordered to ensure the reported values reflect the most current information. OREO that has been acquired or written down in the current year is deemed to be at fair value and included in the table below.
Mortgage servicing rights are carried at the lower of cost or market and are, therefore, carried at fair value only when fair value is less than the amortized asset cost. The fair value of mortgage servicing rights is performed using a pooling methodology. Similar loans are pooled together and a discounted cash flow model, which takes into consideration discount rates, prepayment rates, and the weighted average cost to service the loans, is used to determine the fair value.
For financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, the following table provides fair value information as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

| June 30, 2017
|  |  | Fair value measurements using:
(Dollars in thousands) | Fair value |  | Level 1 inputs |  | Level 2 inputs |  | Level 3 inputs
Impaired loans | $ | 74,373 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 74,373 |
Other real estate remeasured during current year | 32,703 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 32,703 |
| December 31, 2016
|  |  | Fair value measurements using:
| Fair value |  | Level 1 inputs |  | Level 2 inputs |  | Level 3 inputs
Impaired loans | $ | 70,977 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 70,977 |
Other real estate remeasured during current year | 45,402 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 45,402 |
Mortgage servicing rights | 342 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 342 |

No financial liabilities were carried at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
NOTE K - EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
BancShares sponsors noncontributory defined benefit pension plans for its qualifying employees (BancShares Plan) and former First Citizens Bancorporation, Inc. employees (Bancorporation Plan). Net periodic benefit cost is a component of employee benefits expense.
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BancShares Plan
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the components of net periodic benefit cost are as follows:

| Three months ended June 30 |  | Six months ended June 30
(Dollars in thousands) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Service cost | $ | 2,934 |  |  | $ | 3,090 |  |  | $ | 6,310 |  |  | $ | 6,310 |
Interest cost | 7,069 |  |  | 7,269 |  |  | 14,449 |  |  | 14,450 |
Expected return on assets | (10,307 | ) |  | (9,167 | ) |  | (21,005 | ) |  | (18,326 | )
Amortization of prior service cost | 53 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 104 |
Amortization of net actuarial loss | 2,193 |  |  | 1,830 |  |  | 4,427 |  |  | 3,430 |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 1,942 |  |  | $ | 3,074 |  |  | $ | 4,286 |  |  | $ | 5,968 |

Bancorporation Plan
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the components of net periodic benefit cost are as follows:

| Three months ended June 30 |  | Six months ended June 30
(Dollars in thousands) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Service cost | $ | 670 |  |  | $ | 633 |  |  | $ | 1,341 |  |  | $ | 1,283 |
Interest cost | 1,682 |  |  | 1,713 |  |  | 3,365 |  |  | 3,388 |
Expected return on assets | (2,796 | ) |  | (2,771 | ) |  | (5,592 | ) |  | (5,550 | )
Amortization of net actuarial loss | 214 |  |  | — |  |  | 428 |  |  | — |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | (230 | ) |  | $ | (425 | ) |  | $ | (458 | ) |  | $ | (879 | )

No contributions were made during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 to the BancShares or Bancorporation pension plans. BancShares expects to contribute $50.0 million to the BancShares Plan during 2017. No contribution is expected to be made to the Bancorporation Plan in 2017.
NOTE L - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
To meet the financing needs of its customers, BancShares and its subsidiaries have financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit and recourse obligations on mortgage loans sold. These instruments involve elements of credit, interest rate or liquidity risk.
Commitments to extend credit are legally binding agreements to lend to customers. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of fees. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future liquidity requirements. Established credit standards control the credit risk exposure associated with these commitments. In some cases, BancShares requires that collateral be pledged to secure the commitment, including cash deposits, securities and other assets.
Standby letters of credit are commitments guaranteeing performance of a customer to a third party. Those commitments are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements. To mitigate its risk, BancShares’ follows its credit policies in the issuance of standby letters of credit. The credit risk related to the issuance of these letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to clients and, therefore, these letters of credit are collateralized when necessary.
The following table presents the commitments to extend credit and unfunded commitments as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

(Dollars in thousands) | June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Unused commitments to extend credit | $ | 9,189,347 |  |  | $ | 8,808,218 |
Standby letters of credit | 81,099 |  |  | 83,750 |
Unfunded commitments for investments in affordable housing projects | 67,363 |  |  | 57,079 |

Affordable housing project investments were $127.4 million and $109.8 million as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and are included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Pursuant to standard representations and warranties relating to residential mortgage loan sales, contingent obligations exist for various events that may occur following the loan sale. If underwriting or documentation deficiencies are discovered at any point in the life of the loan or if the loan fails to perform per the terms of the loan purchase agreement, typically within 180 days from the date of sale, the investor may require BancShares to repurchase the loan or to repay a portion of the sale proceeds. Other
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liabilities included reserves of $3.0 million as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 for estimated losses arising from these standard representation and warranty provisions.
BancShares has a receivable from the FDIC totaling $3.8 million and $4.2 million as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, for the expected reimbursement of losses on assets covered under various shared-loss agreements. The shared-loss agreements are subject to interpretation by both the FDIC and BancShares, and disagreements may arise regarding coverage of losses, expenses and contingencies and requests for reimbursement may be delayed or disallowed for noncompliance. See Note G for additional information on the receivable from the FDIC regarding the early termination of a shared-loss agreement during the first quarter of 2017.
The shared-loss agreements for two FDIC-assisted transactions include provisions related to payments that may be owed to the FDIC at the termination of the agreements (clawback liability). The clawback liability represents a payment by BancShares to the FDIC if actual cumulative losses on acquired covered assets are lower than the cumulative losses originally estimated by the FDIC at the time of acquisition. The clawback liability is estimated by discounting estimated future payments and is recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as a payable to the FDIC under the relevant shared-loss agreements. As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the estimated clawback liability was $99.1 million and $97.0 million, respectively.
BancShares entered into forward-starting advances with the FHLB of Atlanta in June 2016 to receive $200.0 million of fixed rate long-term funding. There are two advances of $100.0 million each scheduled to fund in June 2018 with maturity dates of June 2026 and 2028.
BancShares and various subsidiaries have been named as defendants in legal actions arising from their normal business activities in which damages in various amounts are claimed. Although the amount of any ultimate liability with respect to such matters cannot be determined, in the opinion of management, any such liability will not have a material effect on BancShares’ consolidated financial statements.
NOTE M - ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME
Accumulated other comprehensive loss included the following as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

| June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
(Dollars in thousands) | Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | Deferred tax benefit |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | Deferred tax benefit |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax
Unrealized losses on investment securities available for sale | $ | (26,167 | ) |  | $ | (9,519 | ) |  | $ | (16,648 | ) |  | $ | (72,707 | ) |  | $ | (26,832 | ) |  | $ | (45,875 | )
Funded status of defined benefit plans | (136,814 | ) |  | (50,619 | ) |  | (86,195 | ) |  | (141,774 | ) |  | (52,457 | ) |  | (89,317 | )
Total | $ | (162,981 | ) |  | $ | (60,138 | ) |  | $ | (102,843 | ) |  | $ | (214,481 | ) |  | $ | (79,289 | ) |  | $ | (135,192 | )

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The following table highlights changes in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income by component for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016:

| Three months ended June 30, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) | Unrealized (losses) gains on available for sale securities 1 |  | (Losses) gains on cash flow hedges 1 |  | Defined benefit pension items 1 |  | Total
Beginning balance | $ | (23,183 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (87,758 | ) |  | $ | (110,941 | )
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | 8,646 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,646 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | (2,111 | ) |  | — |  |  | 1,563 |  |  | (548 | )
Net current period other comprehensive income | 6,535 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,563 |  |  | 8,098 |
Ending balance | $ | (16,648 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (86,195 | ) |  | $ | (102,843 | )
| Three months ended June 30, 2016
| Unrealized (losses) gains on available for sale securities 1 |  | (Losses) gains on cash flow hedges 1 |  | Defined benefit pension items 1 |  | Total
Beginning balance | $ | 24,034 |  |  | $ | (455 | ) |  | $ | (47,403 | ) |  | $ | (23,824 | )
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | 14,915 |  |  | 455 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,370 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | (7,736 | ) |  | — |  |  | 1,163 |  |  | (6,573 | )
Net current period other comprehensive income | 7,179 |  |  | 455 |  |  | 1,163 |  |  | 8,797 |
Ending balance | $ | 31,213 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (46,240 | ) |  | $ | (15,027 | )
| Six months ended June 30, 2017
| Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities 1 |  | (Losses) gains on cash flow hedges 1 |  | Defined benefit pension items 1 |  | Total
Beginning balance | $ | (45,875 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (89,317 | ) |  | $ | (135,192 | )
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | 31,323 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31,323 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | (2,096 | ) |  | — |  |  | 3,122 |  |  | 1,026 |
Net current period other comprehensive income | 29,227 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,122 |  |  | 32,349 |
Ending balance | $ | (16,648 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (86,195 | ) |  | $ | (102,843 | )
| Six months ended June 30, 2016
| Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities 1 |  | (Losses) gains on cash flow hedges 1 |  | Defined benefit pension items 1 |  | Total
Beginning balance | $ | (15,125 | ) |  | $ | (892 | ) |  | $ | (48,423 | ) |  | $ | (64,440 | )
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | 56,932 |  |  | 892 |  |  | — |  |  | 57,824 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | (10,594 | ) |  | — |  |  | 2,183 |  |  | (8,411 | )
Net current period other comprehensive income | 46,338 |  |  | 892 |  |  | 2,183 |  |  | 49,413 |
Ending balance | $ | 31,213 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (46,240 | ) |  | $ | (15,027 | )

1 All amounts are net of tax. Amounts in parentheses indicate debits.
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The following table presents the amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income and the line item affected in the statement where net income is presented for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | Three months ended June 30, 2017
Details about accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  | Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)1 |  | Affected line item in the statement where net income is presented
Unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities |  | $ | 3,351 |  |  | Securities gains
|  | (1,240 | ) |  | Income taxes
|  | $ | 2,111 |  |  | Net income
Amortization of defined benefit pension items |  |  |  |
Prior service costs |  | $ | (53 | ) |  | Employee benefits
Actuarial losses |  | (2,407 | ) |  | Employee benefits
|  | (2,460 | ) |  | Employee benefits
|  | 897 |  |  | Income taxes
|  | $ | (1,563 | ) |  | Net income
Total reclassifications for the period |  | $ | 548 |  |  |
|  | Three months ended June 30, 2016
Details about accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  | Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)1 |  | Affected line item in the statement where net income is presented
Unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities |  | $ | 12,529 |  |  | Securities gains
|  | (4,793 | ) |  | Income taxes
|  | $ | 7,736 |  |  | Net income
Amortization of defined benefit pension items |  |  |  |
Prior service costs |  | $ | (52 | ) |  | Employee benefits
Actuarial losses |  | (1,830 | ) |  | Employee benefits
|  | (1,882 | ) |  | Employee benefits
|  | 719 |  |  | Income taxes
|  | $ | (1,163 | ) |  | Net income
Total reclassifications for the period |  | $ | 6,573 |  |  |
|  | Six months ended June 30, 2017
Details about accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  | Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)1 |  | Affected line item in the statement where net income is presented
Unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities |  | $ | 3,327 |  |  | Securities gains
|  | (1,231 | ) |  | Income taxes
|  | $ | 2,096 |  |  | Net income
Amortization of defined benefit pension items |  |  |  |
Prior service costs |  | $ | (105 | ) |  | Employee benefits
Actuarial losses |  | (4,855 | ) |  | Employee benefits
|  | (4,960 | ) |  | Employee benefits
|  | 1,838 |  |  | Income taxes
|  | $ | (3,122 | ) |  | Net income
Total reclassifications for the period |  | $ | (1,026 | ) |  |
|  | Six months ended June 30, 2016
Details about accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  | Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)1 |  | Affected line item in the statement where net income is presented
Unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities |  | $ | 17,157 |  |  | Securities gains
|  | (6,563 | ) |  | Income taxes
|  | $ | 10,594 |  |  | Net income
Amortization of defined benefit pension items |  |  |  |
Prior service costs |  | $ | (104 | ) |  | Employee benefits
Actuarial losses |  | (3,430 | ) |  | Employee benefits
|  | (3,534 | ) |  | Employee benefits
|  | 1,351 |  |  | Income taxes
|  | $ | (2,183 | ) |  | Net income
Total reclassifications for the period |  | $ | 8,411 |  |  |

1 Amounts in parentheses indicate debits to profit/loss.
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Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Management’s discussion and analysis (MD&A) of earnings and related financial data are presented to assist in understanding the financial condition and results of operations of First Citizens BancShares, Inc. and Subsidiaries (BancShares). This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes presented within this report along with our financial statements and related MD&A of financial condition and results of operations included in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Although certain amounts for prior years have been reclassified to conform to statement presentations for 2017, the reclassifications had no effect on shareholders’ equity or net income as previously reported. Unless otherwise noted, the terms “we,” “us” and “BancShares” refer to the consolidated financial position and consolidated results of operations for BancShares.
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
BancShares’ earnings and cash flows are primarily derived from commercial and retail banking activities. We gather deposits from retail and commercial customers and also secure funding through various non-deposit sources. We invest the liquidity generated from these funding sources in interest-earning assets, including loans and leases, investment securities and overnight investments. We also invest in bank premises, hardware, software, furniture and equipment used to conduct our commercial and retail banking business. We provide treasury services products, cardholder and merchant services, wealth management services and various other products and services typically offered by commercial banks.
BancShares conducts its banking operations through its wholly-owned subsidiary First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company (FCB), a state-chartered bank organized under the laws of the state of North Carolina.
Interest rates have presented significant challenges to commercial banks' efforts to generate earnings and shareholder value. Our strategy continues to focus on maintaining an interest rate risk profile that will benefit net interest income in a rising rate environment. Management drives to this goal by focusing on core customer deposits and loans in the targeted interest rate risk profile. Additionally, our initiatives focus on growth of noninterest income sources, control of noninterest expenses, optimization of our branch network, and further enhancements to our technology and delivery channels. Refer to our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 for further discussion of our strategy.
Significant Events in 2017
In May 2017, FCB entered into an agreement with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), as Receiver, to purchase certain assets and assume certain liabilities of Guaranty Bank (Guaranty) of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. As a result of the Guaranty transaction, FCB recorded loans with a fair value of $689.1 million and investment securities with a fair value of $12.1 million. The fair value of deposits assumed was $982.3 million. In accordance with the acquisition method of accounting, all assets and liabilities were recorded at their fair values as of the acquisition date. As a result, an acquisition gain of $122.7 million was recorded in the second quarter of 2017.
In March 2017, FCB entered into an agreement with the FDIC to terminate the shared-loss agreement for Venture Bank. Under the terms of the agreement, FCB made a net payment of $285 thousand to the FDIC as consideration for early termination of the shared-loss agreement. The early termination resulted in a one-time expense of $45 thousand during the first quarter of 2017.
In January 2017, FCB entered into an agreement with the FDIC to purchase certain assets and assume certain liabilities of Harvest Community Bank (HCB) of Pennsville, New Jersey. As a result of the HCB transaction, FCB recorded loans with a fair value of $85.1 million and investment securities with a fair value of $14.5 million. The fair value of deposits assumed was $121.8 million. In accordance with the acquisition method of accounting, all assets and liabilities were recorded at their fair values as of the acquisition date. As a result, an acquisition gain of $12.0 million was recorded in the first quarter of 2017.
RECENT ECONOMIC AND INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENTS
Various external factors influence the focus of our business efforts and the results of our operations can change significantly based on those external factors. Second quarter 2017 national economic results indicate solid labor market conditions and moderate increases in economic activity. The national unemployment rate declined from 4.5 percent in March 2017 to 4.4 percent in June 2017. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, the U.S. economy added approximately 581,000 new nonfarm payroll jobs during the second quarter of 2017. The U.S. housing market remains stable as a result of solid housing demand fueled by low mortgage interest rates, economic growth and job creation.
The Federal Reserve’s Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) indicated in the second quarter that the U.S. labor market continued to strengthen and economic activity has continued to expand at a modest pace. In light of the cumulative progress made, the FOMC decided to raise the target range for the federal funds rate by 25 basis points. In determining the timing and
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size of future adjustments to the target range for the federal funds rates, the FOMC will assess realized and expected economic conditions relative to its objectives of maximum employment and 2.0 percent inflation. The FOMC expects that economic activity will expand at a moderate pace and labor market conditions will continue to strengthen with gradual increases in the federal funds rate in the future.
The trends in the banking industry are similar to those of the broader economy as shown in the latest national banking results from the first quarter of 2017. FDIC-insured institutions reported a 12.7 percent increase in net income compared to the first quarter of 2016 as a result of growth in interest-bearing assets generating higher net interest income. Banking industry average net interest margin was 3.19 percent in the first quarter of 2017, up from 3.10 percent in the first quarter of 2016.
EARNINGS PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
BancShares' consolidated net income for the second quarter of 2017 was $134.7 million, or $11.21 per share, compared to $67.6 million, or $5.63 per share, for the first quarter of 2017, and $69.3 million, or $5.77 per share, for the corresponding period of 2016. BancShares’ current quarter results generated an annualized return on average assets of 1.58 percent and an annualized return on average equity of 17.10 percent, compared to respective returns of 0.82 percent and 8.96 percent for the first quarter of 2017, and 0.87 percent and 9.33 percent for the second quarter of 2016. Net interest margin for the second quarter of 2017 was 3.28 percent, compared to 3.25 percent for the first quarter of 2017 and 3.13 percent for the second quarter of the prior year.
Earnings for the second quarter of 2017 included a pre-tax acquisition gain of $122.7 million recognized in connection with the Guaranty acquisition and investment securities gains of $3.4 million. The after-tax impact of the acquisition gain was $78.0 million. Earnings for the second quarter of 2016 included $16.6 million of pre-tax income due to the early termination of certain FDIC shared-loss agreements, $12.5 million in investment securities gains and $3.3 million in acquisition gains recognized in connection with the FDIC-assisted transactions of North Milwaukee State Bank (NMSB) of Milwaukee, Wisconsin and First CornerStone Bank (FCSB) of King of Prussia, Pennsylvania.
For the six months ended June 30, 2017, net income was $202.3 million, or $16.84 per share, compared to $121.4 million, or $10.11 per share, reported for the same period of 2016. Annualized returns on average assets and average equity were 1.20 percent and 13.11 percent, respectively, through June 30, 2017, compared to 0.76 percent and 8.26 percent, respectively, for the same period a year earlier. Year-to-date 2017 pre-tax earnings included gains of $134.7 million recognized in connection with the FDIC-assisted transactions of Guaranty and HCB and $3.3 million of securities gains. Year-to-date 2016 earnings included $16.6 million of pre-tax income due to the early termination of certain FDIC shared-loss agreements, securities gains of $17.2 million and gains of $5.0 million recognized in connection with the NMSB and FCSB acquisitions.
Key highlights in the second quarter of 2017 include:

• | FCB completed the acquisition of Guaranty which contributed $646.8 million in loans and leases and $692.2 million in deposit balances at June 30, 2017.

• | Loans grew by $965.0 million to $22.87 billion, or by 17.7 percent on an annualized basis, during the second quarter of 2017, reflecting the Guaranty acquisition and originated portfolio growth of $383.1 million.

• | Deposits increased $453.6 million to $29.46 billion, or by 6.3 percent on an annualized basis, from March 31, 2017, primarily due to the deposit balances acquired from Guaranty and organic growth in low-cost demand deposit accounts.

• | Net interest income increased $11.3 million, or by 4.5 percent, compared to the first quarter of 2017. The increase was primarily due to originated loan growth and higher interest income earned on non-purchased credit impaired (non-PCI) loans, overnight investments and investment securities.

• | The taxable-equivalent net interest margin increased 3 basis points to 3.28 percent, compared to the first quarter of 2017, primarily due to a higher federal funds rate, leading to a more favorable yield on overnight investments, lower costs on deposits and higher loan balances.

• | Net charge-offs on total loans and leases were $4.5 million, or 0.08 percent of average loans and leases on an annualized basis, compared to $6.1 million, or 0.11 percent on an annualized basis, during the first quarter of 2017.

• | BancShares remained well capitalized under Basel III capital requirements with a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 12.69 percent, common equity Tier 1 ratio of 12.69 percent, total risk-based capital ratio of 14.07 percent and leverage capital ratio of 9.33 percent at June 30, 2017.

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Table 1
Selected Quarterly Data

| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | Six months ended June 30 |
| Second |  | First |  | Fourth |  | Third |  | Second |  |
(Dollars in thousands, except share data) | Quarter |  | Quarter |  | Quarter |  | Quarter |  | Quarter |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |
SUMMARY OF OPERATIONS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | $ | 272,542 |  |  | $ | 260,857 |  |  | $ | 254,782 |  |  | $ | 246,494 |  |  | $ | 243,369 |  |  | $ | 533,399 |  |  | $ | 486,481 |  |
Interest expense | 10,933 |  |  | 10,514 |  |  | 10,865 |  |  | 10,645 |  |  | 11,180 |  |  | 21,447 |  |  | 21,572 |  |
Net interest income | 261,609 |  |  | 250,343 |  |  | 243,917 |  |  | 235,849 |  |  | 232,189 |  |  | 511,952 |  |  | 464,909 |  |
Provision for loan and lease losses | 12,324 |  |  | 8,231 |  |  | 16,029 |  |  | 7,507 |  |  | 4,562 |  |  | 20,555 |  |  | 9,405 |  |
Net interest income after provision for loan and lease losses | 249,285 |  |  | 242,112 |  |  | 227,888 |  |  | 228,342 |  |  | 227,627 |  |  | 491,397 |  |  | 455,504 |  |
Gain on acquisitions | 122,728 |  |  | 12,017 |  |  | — |  |  | 837 |  |  | 3,290 |  |  | 134,745 |  |  | 4,994 |  |
Noninterest income excluding gain on acquisitions | 125,472 |  |  | 115,275 |  |  | 124,698 |  |  | 117,004 |  |  | 136,960 |  |  | 240,747 |  |  | 240,538 |  |
Noninterest expense | 285,606 |  |  | 264,345 |  |  | 271,531 |  |  | 267,233 |  |  | 258,303 |  |  | 549,951 |  |  | 509,974 |  |
Income before income taxes | 211,879 |  |  | 105,059 |  |  | 81,055 |  |  | 78,950 |  |  | 109,574 |  |  | 316,938 |  |  | 191,062 |  |
Income taxes | 77,219 |  |  | 37,438 |  |  | 28,365 |  |  | 27,546 |  |  | 40,258 |  |  | 114,657 |  |  | 69,674 |  |
Net income | $ | 134,660 |  |  | $ | 67,621 |  |  | $ | 52,690 |  |  | $ | 51,404 |  |  | $ | 69,316 |  |  | $ | 202,281 |  |  | $ | 121,388 |  |
Net interest income, taxable equivalent | $ | 262,549 |  |  | $ | 251,593 |  |  | $ | 245,330 |  |  | $ | 237,146 |  |  | $ | 233,496 |  |  | $ | 514,142 |  |  | $ | 467,683 |  |
PER SHARE DATA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 11.21 |  |  | $ | 5.63 |  |  | $ | 4.39 |  |  | $ | 4.28 |  |  | $ | 5.77 |  |  | $ | 16.84 |  |  | $ | 10.11 |  |
Cash dividends | 0.30 |  |  | 0.30 |  |  | 0.30 |  |  | 0.30 |  |  | 0.30 |  |  | 0.60 |  |  | 0.60 |  |
Market price at period end (Class A) | 372.70 |  |  | 335.37 |  |  | 355.00 |  |  | 293.89 |  |  | 258.91 |  |  | 372.70 |  |  | 258.91 |  |
Book value at period end | 269.75 |  |  | 258.17 |  |  | 250.82 |  |  | 256.76 |  |  | 252.76 |  |  | 269.75 |  |  | 252.76 |  |
SELECTED QUARTERLY AVERAGE BALANCES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 34,243,527 |  |  | $ | 33,494,500 |  |  | $ | 33,223,995 |  |  | $ | 32,655,417 |  |  | $ | 32,161,905 |  |  | $ | 33,871,083 |  |  | $ | 31,933,782 |  |
Investment securities | 7,112,267 |  |  | 7,084,986 |  |  | 6,716,873 |  |  | 6,452,532 |  |  | 6,786,463 |  |  | 7,098,702 |  |  | 6,648,355 |  |
Loans and leases (1) | 22,575,323 |  |  | 21,951,444 |  |  | 21,548,313 |  |  | 21,026,510 |  |  | 20,657,094 |  |  | 22,265,106 |  |  | 20,503,093 |  |
Interest-earning assets | 32,104,717 |  |  | 31,298,970 |  |  | 31,078,428 |  |  | 30,446,592 |  |  | 29,976,629 |  |  | 31,704,069 |  |  | 29,767,629 |  |
Deposits | 29,087,852 |  |  | 28,531,166 |  |  | 28,231,477 |  |  | 27,609,418 |  |  | 27,212,814 |  |  | 28,811,046 |  |  | 27,105,420 |  |
Long-term obligations | 799,319 |  |  | 816,953 |  |  | 835,509 |  |  | 842,715 |  |  | 817,750 |  |  | 808,087 |  |  | 784,098 |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities | 19,729,956 |  |  | 19,669,075 |  |  | 19,357,282 |  |  | 19,114,740 |  |  | 19,092,287 |  |  | 19,699,683 |  |  | 19,079,769 |  |
Shareholders' equity | $ | 3,159,004 |  |  | $ | 3,061,099 |  |  | $ | 3,056,426 |  |  | $ | 3,058,155 |  |  | $ | 2,989,097 |  |  | $ | 3,111,388 |  |  | $ | 2,953,948 |  |
Shares outstanding | 12,010,405 |  |  | 12,010,405 |  |  | 12,010,405 |  |  | 12,010,405 |  |  | 12,010,405 |  |  | 12,010,405 |  |  | 12,010,405 |  |
SELECTED QUARTER-END BALANCES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 34,769,850 |  |  | $ | 34,018,405 |  |  | $ | 32,990,836 |  |  | $ | 32,971,910 |  |  | $ | 32,230,403 |  |  | $ | 34,769,850 |  |  | $ | 32,230,403 |  |
Investment securities | 6,596,530 |  |  | 7,119,944 |  |  | 7,006,678 |  |  | 6,384,940 |  |  | 6,557,736 |  |  | 6,596,530 |  |  | 6,557,736 |  |
Loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PCI | 894,863 |  |  | 848,816 |  |  | 809,169 |  |  | 868,200 |  |  | 921,467 |  |  | 894,863 |  |  | 921,467 |  |
Non-PCI | 21,976,602 |  |  | 21,057,633 |  |  | 20,928,709 |  |  | 20,428,780 |  |  | 19,821,104 |  |  | 21,976,602 |  |  | 19,821,104 |  |
Deposits | 29,456,338 |  |  | 29,002,768 |  |  | 28,161,343 |  |  | 27,925,253 |  |  | 27,257,774 |  |  | 29,456,338 |  |  | 27,257,774 |  |
Long-term obligations | 879,957 |  |  | 727,500 |  |  | 832,942 |  |  | 840,266 |  |  | 850,504 |  |  | 879,957 |  |  | 850,504 |  |
Shareholders' equity | $ | 3,239,851 |  |  | $ | 3,100,696 |  |  | $ | 3,012,427 |  |  | $ | 3,083,748 |  |  | $ | 3,035,704 |  |  | $ | 3,239,851 |  |  | $ | 3,035,704 |  |
Shares outstanding | 12,010,405 |  |  | 12,010,405 |  |  | 12,010,405 |  |  | 12,010,405 |  |  | 12,010,405 |  |  | 12,010,405 |  |  | 12,010,405 |  |
SELECTED RATIOS AND OTHER DATA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rate of return on average assets (annualized) | 1.58 |  | % | 0.82 |  | % | 0.63 |  | % | 0.63 |  | % | 0.87 |  | % | 1.20 |  | % | 0.76 |  | %
Rate of return on average shareholders' equity (annualized) | 17.10 |  |  | 8.96 |  |  | 6.86 |  |  | 6.69 |  |  | 9.33 |  |  | 13.11 |  |  | 8.26 |  |
Net yield on interest-earning assets (taxable equivalent) | 3.28 |  |  | 3.25 |  |  | 3.14 |  |  | 3.10 |  |  | 3.13 |  |  | 3.27 |  |  | 3.16 |  |
Allowance for loan and lease losses to total loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PCI | 1.51 |  |  | 1.29 |  |  | 1.70 |  |  | 1.34 |  |  | 1.25 |  |  | 1.51 |  |  | 1.25 |  |
Non-PCI | 0.98 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  | 0.98 |  |  | 0.98 |  |  | 0.99 |  |  | 0.98 |  |  | 0.99 |  |
Total | 1.00 |  |  | 1.01 |  |  | 1.01 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |
Nonperforming assets to total loans and leases and other real estate at period end: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Covered | 0.35 |  |  | 0.59 |  |  | 0.66 |  |  | 0.75 |  |  | 1.17 |  |  | 0.35 |  |  | 1.17 |  |
Noncovered | 0.66 |  |  | 0.66 |  |  | 0.67 |  |  | 0.75 |  |  | 0.77 |  |  | 0.66 |  |  | 0.77 |  |
Total | 0.65 |  |  | 0.66 |  |  | 0.67 |  |  | 0.75 |  |  | 0.77 |  |  | 0.65 |  |  | 0.77 |  |
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio | 12.69 |  |  | 12.57 |  |  | 12.42 |  |  | 12.50 |  |  | 12.63 |  |  | 12.69 |  |  | 12.63 |  |
Common equity Tier 1 ratio | 12.69 |  |  | 12.57 |  |  | 12.42 |  |  | 12.50 |  |  | 12.63 |  |  | 12.69 |  |  | 12.63 |  |
Total risk-based capital ratio | 14.07 |  |  | 13.99 |  |  | 13.85 |  |  | 13.96 |  |  | 14.10 |  |  | 14.07 |  |  | 14.10 |  |
Leverage capital ratio | 9.33 |  |  | 9.15 |  |  | 9.05 |  |  | 9.07 |  |  | 9.09 |  |  | 9.33 |  |  | 9.09 |  |
Dividend payout ratio | 2.68 |  |  | 5.33 |  |  | 6.83 |  |  | 7.01 |  |  | 5.20 |  |  | 3.56 |  |  | 5.93 |  |
Average loans and leases to average deposits | 77.61 |  |  | 76.94 |  |  | 76.33 |  |  | 76.16 |  |  | 75.91 |  |  | 77.28 |  |  | 75.64 |  |

(1) Loans and leases include PCI loans, non-PCI loans, nonaccrual loans and loans held for sale.
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BUSINESS COMBINATIONS
Guaranty Bank
In May 2017, FCB entered into an agreement with the FDIC, as Receiver, to purchase certain assets and assume certain liabilities of Guaranty. The acquisition provides FCB the opportunity to grow capital and enhance earnings. This was an FDIC-assisted transaction; however, it has no shared-loss agreement.
The Guaranty transaction was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting and, accordingly, assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their estimated fair values on the acquisition date. Fair values are preliminary and subject to refinement for up to one year after the closing date of the acquisition as additional information regarding closing date fair values becomes available.
The following table provides the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date.
Table 2
Guaranty Bank

(Dollars in thousands) | As recorded by FCB
Assets |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 48,824 |
Overnight investments | 94,134 |
Investment securities | 12,140 |
Loans | 689,086 |
Premises and equipment | 8,603 |
Other real estate owned | 55 |
Income earned not collected | 6,720 |
Intangible assets | 9,870 |
Other assets | 5,693 |
Total assets acquired | 875,125 |
Liabilities |
Deposits | 982,307 |
Other liabilities | 440 |
Total liabilities assumed | 982,747 |
Fair value of net liabilities assumed | (107,622 | )
Cash received from FDIC | 226,233 |
Due from FDIC | 4,117 |
Gain on acquisition of Guaranty | $ | 122,728 |

Merger-related expenses of $6.7 million from the Guaranty transaction were recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017. Loan-related interest income generated from Guaranty was approximately $4.9 million since the acquisition date.
Based on such factors as past due status, nonaccrual status, loan-to-value, credit scores and credit risk ratings, the acquired loans were divided into loans with evidence of credit quality deterioration, which are accounted for under ASC 310-30 (included in PCI loans), and loans that do not meet this criteria, which are accounted for under ASC 310-20 (included in non-PCI loans).
Harvest Community Bank
In January 2017, FCB entered into an agreement with the FDIC to purchase certain assets and assume certain liabilities of HCB. The acquisition provides FCB the opportunity to grow capital and enhance earnings. This was an FDIC-assisted transaction; however, it has no shared-loss agreement.
The HCB transaction was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting and, accordingly, assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their estimated fair values on the acquisition date. Fair values are preliminary and subject to refinement for up to one year after the closing date of the acquisition as additional information regarding closing date fair values becomes available.
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The following table provides the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date.
Table 3
Harvest Community Bank

(Dollars in thousands) | As recorded by FCB
Assets |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 3,350 |
Overnight investments | 7,478 |
Investment securities | 14,455 |
Loans | 85,149 |
Income earned not collected | 31 |
Intangible assets | 850 |
Other assets | 237 |
Total assets acquired | 111,550 |
Liabilities |
Deposits | 121,755 |
Other liabilities | 74 |
Total liabilities assumed | 121,829 |
Fair value of net liabilities assumed | (10,279 | )
Cash received from FDIC | 22,296 |
Gain on acquisition of HCB | $ | 12,017 |

Merger-related expenses were immaterial for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and $698 thousand were recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the six months ended June 30, 2017. Loan-related interest income generated from HCB was approximately $1.8 million and $2.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively.
All loans resulting from the HCB transaction were recognized upon acquisition date with a discount attributable, at least in part, to credit quality deterioration, and are therefore accounted for as PCI loans.
FDIC-Assisted Transactions
BancShares completed nine FDIC-assisted transactions during the period beginning in 2009 through 2016, and it acquired HCB and Guaranty in its tenth and eleventh such transaction during 2017. These transactions provided significant contributions to our results of operations. Prior to its merger into BancShares, First Citizens Bancorporation, Inc. (Bancorporation) completed three FDIC-assisted transactions: Georgian Bank of Atlanta, Georgia (acquired in 2009); Williamsburg First National Bank of Williamsburg, South Carolina (acquired in 2010); and Atlantic Bank & Trust of Charleston, South Carolina (acquired in 2011). Nine of the fourteen FDIC-assisted transactions (including the three completed by Bancorporation) included shared-loss agreements that, for their terms, protected us from a portion of the credit and asset quality risk we would otherwise incur. The Capitol City Bank & Trust, North Milwaukee State Bank, First CornerStone Bank, Harvest Community Bank and Guaranty Bank transactions did not include shared-loss agreements.
During the first quarter of 2017, FCB entered into an agreement with the FDIC to terminate the shared-loss agreement for Venture
Bank (VB). Under the terms of the agreement, FCB made a payment of $285 thousand to the FDIC as consideration for early termination of the shared-loss agreement. The early termination resulted in an adjustment of $240 thousand to the FDIC shared-loss receivable and a $45 thousand loss on the termination of the shared-loss agreement. Additionally, FCB terminated five other shared-loss agreements, including Temecula Valley Bank, Sun American Bank, Williamsburg First National Bank, Atlantic Bank & Trust and Colorado Capital Bank, in the second quarter of 2016. The resulting net positive impact to pre-tax earnings from the early termination of the FDIC shared-loss agreements was $16.6 million in the second quarter of 2016. All rights and obligations of FCB and the FDIC under the shared-loss agreements, including the clawback provisions and the settlement of outstanding shared-loss claims, have been resolved and terminated under the termination agreements. The termination of the FDIC shared-loss agreements had no impact on the yields of the loans that were previously covered under these agreements. FCB will recognize all future recoveries, losses and expenses related to the previously covered assets since the FDIC will no longer share in those amounts.
As of June 30, 2017, shared-loss protection has expired or has been terminated for all non-single family residential loans. Shared-loss protection remains only for single family residential loans acquired from United Western Bank and Georgian Bank in the amount of $73.2 million. For those acquired loans with shared-loss agreements remaining, generally, losses on single family residential loans are covered for ten years.
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Table 4
Consolidated Quarter-to-Date Average Taxable-Equivalent Balance Sheets

| Three months ended |
| June 30, 2017 |  | March 31, 2017 |  | June 30, 2016 |
|  |  | Interest |  |  |  |  |  | Interest |  |  |  |  |  | Interest |  |  |
| Average |  | Income/ |  | Yield/ |  | Average |  | Income/ |  | Yield/ |  | Average |  | Income/ |  | Yield/ |
(Dollars in thousands) | Balance |  | Expense |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Expense |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Expense |  | Rate |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans and leases | $ | 22,575,323 |  |  | $ | 236,580 |  |  | 4.20 |  | % | $ | 21,951,444 |  |  | $ | 227,792 |  |  | 4.20 |  | % | $ | 20,657,094 |  |  | $ | 216,612 |  |  | 4.22 |  | %
Investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U. S. Treasury | 1,622,936 |  |  | 4,453 |  |  | 1.10 |  |  | 1,644,598 |  |  | 4,199 |  |  | 1.04 |  |  | 1,540,669 |  |  | 2,993 |  |  | 0.78 |  |
Government agency | 52,049 |  |  | 203 |  |  | 1.56 |  |  | 53,545 |  |  | 205 |  |  | 1.53 |  |  | 373,006 |  |  | 844 |  |  | 0.91 |  |
Mortgage-backed securities | 5,278,731 |  |  | 24,756 |  |  | 1.88 |  |  | 5,241,296 |  |  | 24,322 |  |  | 1.86 |  |  | 4,787,719 |  |  | 20,554 |  |  | 1.72 |  |
Corporate bonds | 60,356 |  |  | 932 |  |  | 6.17 |  |  | 57,104 |  |  | 980 |  |  | 6.87 |  |  | 12,533 |  |  | 197 |  |  | 6.27 |  |
Other | 98,195 |  |  | 154 |  |  | 0.63 |  |  | 88,443 |  |  | 133 |  |  | 0.61 |  |  | 72,536 |  |  | 251 |  |  | 1.40 |  |
Total investment securities | 7,112,267 |  |  | 30,498 |  |  | 1.72 |  |  | 7,084,986 |  |  | 29,839 |  |  | 1.69 |  |  | 6,786,463 |  |  | 24,839 |  |  | 1.47 |  |
Overnight investments | 2,417,127 |  |  | 6,404 |  |  | 1.06 |  |  | 2,262,540 |  |  | 4,476 |  |  | 0.80 |  |  | 2,533,072 |  |  | 3,225 |  |  | 0.51 |  |
Total interest-earning assets | 32,104,717 |  |  | $ | 273,482 |  |  | 3.42 |  | % | 31,298,970 |  |  | $ | 262,107 |  |  | 3.39 |  | % | 29,976,629 |  |  | $ | 244,676 |  |  | 3.28 |  | %
Cash and due from banks | 503,205 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 496,929 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 455,394 |  |  |  |  |  |
Premises and equipment | 1,130,796 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,130,049 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,123,042 |  |  |  |  |  |
FDIC shared-loss receivable | 5,207 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,456 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,396 |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan and lease losses | (222,882 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (220,811 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (206,518 | ) |  |  |  |  |
Other real estate owned | 57,044 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 60,034 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 66,300 |  |  |  |  |  |
Other assets | 665,440 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 723,873 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 738,662 |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 34,243,527 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 33,494,500 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 32,161,905 |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Checking with interest | $ | 4,978,159 |  |  | $ | 253 |  |  | 0.02 |  | % | $ | 4,834,779 |  |  | $ | 252 |  |  | 0.02 |  | % | $ | 4,446,454 |  |  | $ | 218 |  |  | 0.02 |  | %
Savings | 2,293,589 |  |  | 188 |  |  | 0.03 |  |  | 2,160,689 |  |  | 184 |  |  | 0.03 |  |  | 2,016,387 |  |  | 151 |  |  | 0.03 |  |
Money market accounts | 8,107,107 |  |  | 1,688 |  |  | 0.08 |  |  | 8,343,092 |  |  | 1,859 |  |  | 0.09 |  |  | 8,084,829 |  |  | 1,644 |  |  | 0.08 |  |
Time deposits | 2,745,473 |  |  | 2,003 |  |  | 0.29 |  |  | 2,815,682 |  |  | 2,141 |  |  | 0.31 |  |  | 2,986,103 |  |  | 2,588 |  |  | 0.35 |  |
Total interest-bearing deposits | 18,124,328 |  |  | 4,132 |  |  | 0.09 |  |  | 18,154,242 |  |  | 4,436 |  |  | 0.10 |  |  | 17,533,773 |  |  | 4,601 |  |  | 0.11 |  |
Repurchase agreements | 718,700 |  |  | 539 |  |  | 0.30 |  |  | 669,923 |  |  | 404 |  |  | 0.24 |  |  | 738,191 |  |  | 453 |  |  | 0.25 |  |
Other short-term borrowings | 87,609 |  |  | 637 |  |  | 2.88 |  |  | 27,957 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 2.51 |  |  | 2,573 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 0.13 |  |
Long-term obligations | 799,319 |  |  | 5,625 |  |  | 2.82 |  |  | 816,953 |  |  | 5,498 |  |  | 2.69 |  |  | 817,750 |  |  | 6,125 |  |  | 3.00 |  |
Total interest-bearing liabilities | 19,729,956 |  |  | 10,933 |  |  | 0.22 |  |  | 19,669,075 |  |  | 10,514 |  |  | 0.22 |  |  | 19,092,287 |  |  | 11,180 |  |  | 0.23 |  |
Noninterest-bearing deposits | 10,963,524 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10,376,924 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9,679,041 |  |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities | 391,043 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 387,402 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 401,480 |  |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders' equity | 3,159,004 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,061,099 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,989,097 |  |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity | $ | 34,243,527 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 33,494,500 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 32,161,905 |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate spread |  |  |  |  | 3.20 |  | % |  |  |  |  | 3.17 |  | % |  |  |  |  | 3.05 |  | %
Net interest income and net yield on interest-earning assets |  |  | $ | 262,549 |  |  | 3.28 |  | % |  |  | $ | 251,593 |  |  | 3.25 |  | % |  |  | $ | 233,496 |  |  | 3.13 |  | %

Loans and leases include PCI loans, non-PCI loans, nonaccrual loans and loans held for sale. Yields related to loans, leases and securities exempt from both federal and state income taxes, federal income taxes only, or state income taxes only are stated on a taxable-equivalent basis assuming statutory federal income tax rates of 35.0 percent for each period and state income tax rates of 3.1 percent, 3.1 percent and 5.5 percent for the three months ended June 30, 2017, March 31, 2017 and June 30, 2016, respectively. The taxable-equivalent adjustment was $940, $1,250 and $1,307 for the three months ended June 30, 2017, March 31, 2017 and June 30, 2016, respectively.
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Table 5
Consolidated Year-to-Date Average Taxable-Equivalent Balance Sheets

| Six months ended |
| June 30, 2017 |  | June 30, 2016 |
|  |  | Interest |  |  |  |  |  | Interest |  |  |
| Average |  | Income/ |  | Yield/ |  | Average |  | Income/ |  | Yield/ |
(Dollars in thousands) | Balance |  | Expense |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Expense |  | Rate |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans and leases | $ | 22,265,106 |  |  | $ | 464,372 |  |  | 4.20 |  | % | $ | 20,503,093 |  |  | $ | 434,344 |  |  | 4.26 |  | %
Investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury | 1,633,707 |  |  | 8,652 |  |  | 1.07 |  |  | 1,536,848 |  |  | 5,873 |  |  | 0.77 |  |
Government agency | 52,793 |  |  | 408 |  |  | 1.54 |  |  | 418,301 |  |  | 1,875 |  |  | 0.90 |  |
Mortgage-backed securities | 5,260,117 |  |  | 49,078 |  |  | 1.87 |  |  | 4,627,453 |  |  | 39,566 |  |  | 1.71 |  |
Corporate bonds | 58,739 |  |  | 1,912 |  |  | 6.51 |  |  | 11,596 |  |  | 363 |  |  | 6.26 |  |
State, county and municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 98 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2.73 |  |
Other | 93,346 |  |  | 287 |  |  | 0.62 |  |  | 54,059 |  |  | 342 |  |  | 1.27 |  |
Total investment securities | 7,098,702 |  |  | 60,337 |  |  | 1.70 |  |  | 6,648,355 |  |  | 48,020 |  |  | 1.45 |  |
Overnight investments | 2,340,261 |  |  | 10,880 |  |  | 0.94 |  |  | 2,616,181 |  |  | 6,891 |  |  | 0.53 |  |
Total interest-earning assets | 31,704,069 |  |  | $ | 535,589 |  |  | 3.40 |  | % | 29,767,629 |  |  | $ | 489,255 |  |  | 3.30 |  | %
Cash and due from banks | 500,084 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 462,777 |  |  |  |  |  |
Premises and equipment | 1,130,425 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,127,139 |  |  |  |  |  |
FDIC shared-loss receivable | 5,331 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,569 |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan and lease losses | (221,852 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (206,428 | ) |  |  |  |  |
Other real estate owned | 58,531 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 65,958 |  |  |  |  |  |
Other assets | 694,495 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 708,138 |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 33,871,083 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 31,933,782 |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Checking with interest | $ | 4,906,865 |  |  | $ | 505 |  |  | 0.02 |  | % | $ | 4,381,877 |  |  | $ | 418 |  |  | 0.02 |  | %
Savings | 2,227,506 |  |  | 372 |  |  | 0.03 |  |  | 1,980,596 |  |  | 296 |  |  | 0.03 |  |
Money market accounts | 8,224,447 |  |  | 3,547 |  |  | 0.09 |  |  | 8,209,929 |  |  | 3,285 |  |  | 0.08 |  |
Time deposits | 2,780,384 |  |  | 4,144 |  |  | 0.30 |  |  | 3,023,718 |  |  | 5,261 |  |  | 0.35 |  |
Total interest-bearing deposits | 18,139,202 |  |  | 8,568 |  |  | 0.10 |  |  | 17,596,120 |  |  | 9,260 |  |  | 0.11 |  |
Repurchase agreements | 694,447 |  |  | 943 |  |  | 0.27 |  |  | 696,989 |  |  | 886 |  |  | 0.26 |  |
Other short-term borrowings | 57,947 |  |  | 813 |  |  | 2.79 |  |  | 2,562 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 0.12 |  |
Long-term obligations | 808,087 |  |  | 11,123 |  |  | 2.75 |  |  | 784,098 |  |  | 11,424 |  |  | 2.91 |  |
Total interest-bearing liabilities | 19,699,683 |  |  | 21,447 |  |  | 0.22 |  |  | 19,079,769 |  |  | 21,572 |  |  | 0.23 |  |
Noninterest-bearing deposits | 10,671,844 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9,509,300 |  |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities | 388,168 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 390,765 |  |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders' equity | 3,111,388 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,953,948 |  |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity | $ | 33,871,083 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 31,933,782 |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate spread |  |  |  |  | 3.18 |  | % |  |  |  |  | 3.07 |  | %
Net interest income and net yield on interest-earning assets |  |  | $ | 514,142 |  |  | 3.27 |  | % |  |  | $ | 467,683 |  |  | 3.16 |  | %

Loans and leases include PCI loans, non-PCI loans, nonaccrual loans and loans held for sale. Yields related to loans, leases and securities exempt from both federal and state income taxes, federal income taxes only, or state income taxes only are stated on a taxable-equivalent basis assuming statutory federal income tax rates of 35.0 percent for each period and state income tax rates of 3.1 percent and 5.5 percent for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The taxable-equivalent adjustment was $2,190 and $2,774 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
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Table 6
Changes in Consolidated Taxable Equivalent Net Interest Income

| Three months ended June 30, 2017 |  | Six months ended June 30, 2017 |
| Change from prior year period due to: |  | Change from prior year period due to: |
(Dollars in thousands) | Volume |  | Yield/Rate |  | Total Change |  | Volume |  | Yield/Rate |  | Total Change |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans and leases | $ | 20,590 |  |  | $ | (622 | ) |  | $ | 19,968 |  |  | $ | 36,675 |  |  | $ | (6,647 | ) |  | $ | 30,028 |  |
Investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U. S. Treasury | 195 |  |  | 1,265 |  |  | 1,460 |  |  | 431 |  |  | 2,348 |  |  | 2,779 |  |
Government agency | (989 | ) |  | 348 |  |  | (641 | ) |  | (2,225 | ) |  | 758 |  |  | (1,467 | ) |
Mortgage-backed securities | 2,199 |  |  | 2,003 |  |  | 4,202 |  |  | 5,610 |  |  | 3,902 |  |  | 9,512 |  |
Corporate bonds | 744 |  |  | (9 | ) |  | 735 |  |  | 1,505 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 1,549 |  |
State, county and municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |
Other | 66 |  |  | (163 | ) |  | (97 | ) |  | 185 |  |  | (240 | ) |  | (55 | ) |
Total investment securities | 2,215 |  |  | 3,444 |  |  | 5,659 |  |  | 5,505 |  |  | 6,812 |  |  | 12,317 |  |
Overnight investments | (221 | ) |  | 3,400 |  |  | 3,179 |  |  | (1,028 | ) |  | 5,017 |  |  | 3,989 |  |
Total interest-earning assets | $ | 22,584 |  |  | $ | 6,222 |  |  | $ | 28,806 |  |  | $ | 41,152 |  |  | $ | 5,182 |  |  | $ | 46,334 |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Checking with interest | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 87 |  |
Savings | 29 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 76 |  |
Money market accounts | 24 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 44 |  |  | (70 | ) |  | 332 |  |  | 262 |  |
Time deposits | (174 | ) |  | (411 | ) |  | (585 | ) |  | (395 | ) |  | (722 | ) |  | (1,117 | ) |
Total interest-bearing deposits | (90 | ) |  | (379 | ) |  | (469 | ) |  | (339 | ) |  | (353 | ) |  | (692 | ) |
Repurchase agreements | (9 | ) |  | 95 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 57 |  |
Other short-term borrowings | 323 |  |  | 313 |  |  | 636 |  |  | 405 |  |  | 406 |  |  | 811 |  |
Long-term obligations | (135 | ) |  | (365 | ) |  | (500 | ) |  | 338 |  |  | (639 | ) |  | (301 | ) |
Total interest-bearing liabilities | 89 |  |  | (336 | ) |  | (247 | ) |  | 414 |  |  | (539 | ) |  | (125 | ) |
Change in net interest income | $ | 22,495 |  |  | $ | 6,558 |  |  | $ | 29,053 |  |  | $ | 40,738 |  |  | $ | 5,721 |  |  | $ | 46,459 |  |

The rate/volume variance is allocated equally between the changes in volume and rate.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Net Interest Income and Margin
Second Quarter 2017
Compared to the first quarter of 2017, net interest income increased $11.3 million, or by 4.5 percent, to $261.6 million for the second quarter of 2017. On a taxable-equivalent basis, net interest income increased $11.0 million, or by 4.4 percent, to $262.5 million during the first quarter of 2017. The increase was due to higher non-PCI loan interest income of $8.0 million, a $1.9 million increase in interest income earned on overnight investments, an increase in PCI loan interest income of $1.1 million and higher investment securities interest income of $655 thousand. Net interest income attributed to Guaranty in the second quarter of 2017 was approximately $5.0 million. These increases were partially offset by an increase in interest expense of $419 thousand primarily related to higher rates paid on short-term borrowings.
Compared to the second quarter of 2016, net interest income increased $29.4 million, or by 12.7 percent. On a taxable-equivalent basis, net interest income was $262.5 million, an increase of $29.1 million, or by 12.4 percent, from the second quarter of 2016. The increase was primarily due to a $20.2 million increase in non-PCI loan interest income due to originated loan volume and the contribution from the Guaranty acquisition, a $5.7 million increase in investment securities interest income and a $3.2 million increase in interest income earned on excess cash held in overnight investments. Interest income earned on overnight investments was positively impacted by two 25 basis point increases in the federal funds rate, one in March 2017 and the other in December 2016.
The taxable-equivalent net interest margin was 3.28 percent for the second quarter of 2017, an increase of 3 basis points from the first quarter of 2017 and an increase of 15 basis points from the same quarter in the prior year. The margin improvement compared to the first quarter of 2017 was primarily due to a higher federal funds rate, primarily impacting the yield on overnight investments and lower deposit costs. The margin improvement compared to second quarter of 2016 was primarily due to higher loan balances, improved investment yields and higher investment portfolio balances. Interest income earned on overnight investments was positively impacted by two 25 basis point increases in the federal funds rate, one in March 2017 and the other in December 2016.
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Average quarter-to-date interest earning assets increased by $805.7 million since the first quarter of 2017, reflecting a $623.9 million increase in average loans outstanding, due to originated loan growth and loans acquired in the Guaranty acquisition, a $154.6 million increase in average overnight investments and a $27.3 million increase in average investment securities. Average quarter-to-date interest earning assets increased by $2.13 billion compared to the same quarter in the prior year. Within interest-earning assets, loans experienced the most significant increase, primarily due to originated loan growth of $1.43 billion and the acquisitions of Cordia Bancorp, Inc. (Cordia) , HCB and Guaranty.
Average interest-bearing liabilities increased by $60.9 million compared to the first quarter of 2017, due to a $108.4 million increase in average short-term borrowings, offset by a $29.9 million decrease in average interest-bearing deposits and a $17.6 million decrease in average long-term obligations. When compared to the same quarter in the prior year, average interest-bearing liabilities increased $637.7 million primarily due to growth in average interest-bearing deposits and the acquisitions of Cordia, HCB and Guaranty. The rate on interest-bearing liabilities was 0.22 percent, unchanged from the first quarter of 2017 as the decline in deposit funding costs in the second quarter of 2017 offset higher borrowing costs resulting from additional FHLB advances of $175.0 million in 2017 to mitigate interest rate risk from long-term fixed-rate loans.
Year-to-date 2017
Net interest income for the first six months of 2017 was $512.0 million, an increase of $47.0 million, or 10.1 percent, compared to the same period of 2016. On a taxable-equivalent basis, net interest income was $514.1 million, an increase of $46.5 million, or 9.9 percent, from the same period of 2016. Loan interest income increased $30.5 million from the same period of 2016 as a result of a $33.0 million increase in non-PCI loan interest income due to originated loan growth, offset by a $2.5 million decline in PCI loan interest income due to continued loan run-off. Net interest income benefited from a $12.4 million improvement in investment securities interest income, higher income earned on overnight investments of $4.0 million and lower interest expense due to reduced interest-bearing deposit costs. Net interest income attributed to Guaranty in the first six months of 2017 was approximately $5.0 million.
The taxable-equivalent net interest margin increased 11 basis points to 3.27 percent in the first six months of 2017, compared to the same period of 2016. The margin improvement was primarily due to originated loan growth and improvement in investment yields. Interest income earned on overnight investments was positively impacted by two 25 basis point increases in the federal funds rate, one in March 2017 and the other in December 2016.
Average year-to-date interest earning assets increased by $1.94 billion in the first six months of 2017 compared to the same period of 2016, primarily due to a $1.76 billion increase in average outstanding loans due to originated loan growth and the impact of the Cordia, HCB and Guaranty acquisitions. Average year-to-date interest earning assets also increased due to higher average investment securities of $450.3 million, partially offset by a $275.9 million decline in average overnight investments.
Average year-to-date interest-bearing liabilities increased by $619.9 million compared to the first six months of 2016, primarily due to a $543.1 million increase in average interest-bearing deposits primarily due to organic growth and the Cordia, HCB and Guaranty acquisitions. The increase in average year-to-date interest-bearing liabilities was also attributable to a $24.0 million increase in average long-term obligations and a $52.8 million increase in average short-term borrowings. The increase in long-term obligations was primarily due to the addition of $175.0 million FHLB advances during 2017 to mitigate interest rate risk from long-term fixed rate loans, offset by certain obligations with maturities less than one year being reclassified to short-term borrowings. The increase in average short-term borrowings was due to certain long-term obligations with maturities less than one year being reclassified to short-term borrowings.
Noninterest Income
Noninterest income is an essential component of our total revenue and is critical to our ability to sustain adequate profitability levels. The primary sources of noninterest income have traditionally consisted of cardholder services, merchant services, service charges on deposit accounts and wealth management services. Among other income generating items, recoveries on PCI loans that have been previously charged-off are additional sources of noninterest income. BancShares records the portion of recoveries not covered under shared-loss agreements as noninterest income rather than as an adjustment to the allowance for loan losses. Charge-offs on PCI loans are recorded against the discount recognized on the date of acquisition versus through the allowance for loan losses unless an allowance was established subsequent to acquisition date due to declining expected cash flow.
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Table 7
Noninterest Income

| Three months ended |  | Six months ended
(Dollars in thousands) | June 30, 2017 |  | March 31, 2017 |  | June 30, 2016 |  | June 30, 2017 |  | June 30, 2016
Gain on acquisitions | $ | 122,728 |  |  | $ | 12,017 |  |  | $ | 3,290 |  |  | $ | 134,745 |  |  | $ | 4,994 |
Merchant services | 26,590 |  |  | 24,987 |  |  | 24,236 |  |  | 51,577 |  |  | 46,213 |
Cardholder services | 24,287 |  |  | 21,258 |  |  | 21,054 |  |  | 45,545 |  |  | 40,412 |
Service charges on deposit accounts | 25,862 |  |  | 22,142 |  |  | 21,884 |  |  | 48,004 |  |  | 43,734 |
Wealth management services | 21,920 |  |  | 20,962 |  |  | 21,291 |  |  | 42,882 |  |  | 40,925 |
Securities gains (losses) | 3,351 |  |  | (24 | ) |  | 12,529 |  |  | 3,327 |  |  | 17,157 |
Other service charges and fees | 6,628 |  |  | 7,601 |  |  | 7,137 |  |  | 14,229 |  |  | 14,126 |
Mortgage income | 4,966 |  |  | 7,576 |  |  | 4,537 |  |  | 12,542 |  |  | 5,848 |
Insurance commissions | 2,563 |  |  | 3,558 |  |  | 2,265 |  |  | 6,121 |  |  | 5,443 |
ATM income | 2,513 |  |  | 1,773 |  |  | 1,845 |  |  | 4,286 |  |  | 3,610 |
Adjustments to FDIC receivable for shared-loss agreements | (1,273 | ) |  | (1,628 | ) |  | (2,367 | ) |  | (2,901 | ) |  | (4,900 | )
Net impact from FDIC shared-loss termination | — |  |  | (45 | ) |  | 16,559 |  |  | (45 | ) |  | 16,559 |
Recoveries of PCI loans previously charged off | 4,310 |  |  | 5,224 |  |  | 4,219 |  |  | 9,534 |  |  | 7,103 |
Other | 3,755 |  |  | 1,891 |  |  | 1,771 |  |  | 5,646 |  |  | 4,308 |
Total noninterest income | $ | 248,200 |  |  | $ | 127,292 |  |  | $ | 140,250 |  |  | $ | 375,492 |  |  | $ | 245,532 |

Total noninterest income for the second quarter of 2017 was $248.2 million and included the $122.7 million pre-tax gain on the acquisition of Guaranty. Noninterest income, excluding acquisition gains, increased by $10.2 million from the first quarter of 2017. The change was attributable to the following drivers:

• | Higher merchant and cardholder income of $4.6 million resulting from higher sales volume.

• | An increase in service charges on deposit accounts of $3.7 million primarily due to the acquisition of Guaranty.

• | Investment securities gains of $3.4 million primarily due to gain on sale of mortgage-backed securities.

• | Higher wealth management fees of $1.0 million associated with an increase in annuity income.

• | Lower mortgage income of $2.6 million due to an unfavorable change in the value of interest rate lock commitments.

Noninterest income excluding acquisition gains was $125.5 million for the second quarter of 2017 compared to $137.0 million for the same period of 2016. The decrease was primarily driven by the $16.6 million net impact from the FDIC shared-loss termination and higher investment securities gains of $9.2 million recognized in the second quarter of 2016. These decreases were offset by higher merchant and cardholder income of $5.6 million due to higher sales volume and an increase in service charges on deposit accounts of $4.0 million primarily due to the acquisition of Guaranty.
Noninterest income excluding acquisition gains was $240.7 million for first six months of 2017 compared to $240.5 million for the same period of 2016. The increase was primarily driven by higher merchant and cardholder income of $10.5 million due to higher sales volume, an increase in net service charges on deposit accounts of $4.3 million primarily due to the acquisition of Guaranty and an increase in mortgage income of $6.7 million attributable to interest rate movements and an impairment charge of $2.3 million on mortgage servicing assets recognized in 2016, offset by the $16.6 million net impact from the FDIC shared-loss termination recognized in 2016.
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Noninterest Expense
The primary components of noninterest expense are salaries and wages, and related employee benefits, occupancy costs, equipment expense, and merchant and cardholder processing expenses.
Table 8
Noninterest Expense

| Three months ended |  | Six months ended
(Dollars in thousands) | June 30, 2017 |  | March 31, 2017 |  | June 30, 2016 |  | June 30, 2017 |  | June 30, 2016
Salaries and wages | $ | 118,169 |  |  | $ | 112,263 |  |  | $ | 104,059 |  |  | $ | 230,432 |  |  | $ | 207,958 |
Employee benefits | 27,095 |  |  | 29,293 |  |  | 25,661 |  |  | 56,388 |  |  | 53,011 |
Occupancy expense | 26,059 |  |  | 24,762 |  |  | 24,955 |  |  | 50,821 |  |  | 49,967 |
Equipment expense | 24,654 |  |  | 24,588 |  |  | 22,715 |  |  | 49,242 |  |  | 45,060 |
Merchant processing | 19,677 |  |  | 18,294 |  |  | 17,925 |  |  | 37,971 |  |  | 34,238 |
Cardholder processing | 7,709 |  |  | 6,807 |  |  | 7,372 |  |  | 14,516 |  |  | 14,659 |
FDIC insurance expense | 5,705 |  |  | 5,593 |  |  | 4,588 |  |  | 11,298 |  |  | 9,377 |
Foreclosure-related expenses | 580 |  |  | 2,471 |  |  | (1,116 | ) |  | 3,051 |  |  | 615 |
Merger-related expenses | 6,853 |  |  | 833 |  |  | 1,385 |  |  | 7,686 |  |  | 1,423 |
Processing fees paid to third parties | 5,426 |  |  | 4,316 |  |  | 4,634 |  |  | 9,742 |  |  | 8,736 |
Cardholder reward programs | 2,954 |  |  | 2,544 |  |  | 2,779 |  |  | 5,498 |  |  | 4,899 |
Telecommunications | 3,224 |  |  | 3,612 |  |  | 3,463 |  |  | 6,836 |  |  | 7,052 |
Consultant expense | 3,423 |  |  | 1,879 |  |  | 2,741 |  |  | 5,302 |  |  | 4,215 |
Collection expense | 1,796 |  |  | 1,292 |  |  | 2,497 |  |  | 3,088 |  |  | 5,078 |
Advertising expense | 2,947 |  |  | 2,500 |  |  | 2,813 |  |  | 5,447 |  |  | 4,868 |
Core deposit intangible amortization | 4,404 |  |  | 3,921 |  |  | 4,216 |  |  | 8,325 |  |  | 8,534 |
Other | 24,931 |  |  | 19,377 |  |  | 27,616 |  |  | 44,308 |  |  | 50,284 |
Total noninterest expense | $ | 285,606 |  |  | $ | 264,345 |  |  | $ | 258,303 |  |  | $ | 549,951 |  |  | $ | 509,974 |

Noninterest expense was $285.6 million in the second quarter of 2017, an increase of $21.3 million from the first quarter of 2017. The change was attributable to the following drivers:

• | Personnel expense, which includes salaries, wages and employee benefits, increased $3.7 million due to merit increases and increased headcount primarily from the Guaranty acquisition.

• | Occupancy expense increased $1.3 million primarily due to additional maintenance costs throughout our network.

• | Foreclosure-related expense declined $1.9 million due to lower losses on other real estate owned (OREO) sales.

• | Merger-related expenses increased $6.0 million primarily related to the Guaranty acquisition.

• | Processing fees paid to third parties increased $1.1 million primarily due to services utilized by wealth management and transaction-related services for acquired banks.

• | Consultant expense increased $1.5 million primarily due to higher server maintenance and compliance-related costs.

• | Other expenses increased primarily as a result of higher write-downs on OREO of $1.7 million and a $1.2 million reversal of a repurchase reserve on a Small Business Administration (SBA) guaranteed loan recognized in the first quarter of 2017.

Noninterest expense was $285.6 million in the second quarter of 2017, an increase of $27.3 million from the same period of 2016. The change was attributable to the following drivers:

• | Personnel expense increased by $15.5 million primarily due to merit increases, acquisitions, higher incentive costs and increased headcount.

• | Equipment expense increased by $1.9 million primarily due to software maintenance and software projects placed into service over the past year.

• | Merchant and cardholder processing expense increased by $2.1 million related to higher sales volume.

• | Foreclosure-related expenses increased $1.7 million primarily due to gains on OREO sales in the second quarter of 2016.

• | Merger-related expenses increased $5.5 million primarily related to the Guaranty acquisition.

Noninterest expense was $550.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017, an increase of $40.0 million from the same period of 2016. The increase was primarily driven by higher personnel expense of $25.9 million related to merit increases, acquired bank personnel, promotions, an increase in incentives and higher insurance costs. Other drivers of the increase in noninterest expense include higher equipment expense of $4.2 million primarily due to software maintenance and software projects placed into service
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over the past year, an increase in merchant and cardholder processing of $3.6 million related to higher sales volume and a $6.3 million increase in merger-related expense primarily due to the Guaranty and HCB acquisitions in 2017. These increases were partially offset by a $2.0 million decline in collection expense due to lower write-downs on OREO moving to foreclosure during the current year.
Income Taxes
Income tax expense was $77.2 million, $37.4 million and $40.3 million for the second quarter of 2017, first quarter of 2017 and second quarter of 2016, representing effective tax rates of 36.4 percent, 35.6 percent and 36.7 percent during the respective periods. Income tax expense was $114.7 million and $69.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, representing effective tax rates of 36.2 percent and 36.5 percent for the respective six month periods.
We monitor and evaluate the potential impact of current events on the estimates used to establish income tax expenses and income tax liabilities. On a periodic basis, we evaluate our income tax positions based on current tax law, positions taken by various tax auditors within the jurisdictions where BancShares is required to file income tax returns, as well as potential or pending audits or assessments by tax auditors.
INTEREST-EARNING ASSETS
Interest-earning assets include loans and leases, investment securities, and overnight investments, all of which reflect varying interest rates based on the risk level and repricing characteristics of the underlying asset. Riskier assets typically carry a higher interest rate but expose us to higher levels of market risk.
We have historically focused on maintaining high-asset quality, which results in a loan and lease portfolio subjected to strenuous underwriting and monitoring procedures. We avoid high-risk industry concentrations, but we do maintain a concentration of owner-occupied real estate loans to borrowers in medical and medical-related fields. The credit risk of this industry concentration is mitigated through our underwriting policies that emphasize reliance on adequate borrower cash flow rather than underlying collateral value and our preference for financing secured by owner-occupied real property. Our focus on asset quality also influences the composition of our investment securities portfolio.
Interest-earning assets averaged $32.10 billion and $31.08 billion for the quarters ended June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The $1.02 billion increase from December 31, 2016 was due to a $1.03 billion increase in loans and leases primarily as a result of originated loan growth and the acquisitions of Guaranty and HCB, and a $395.4 million increase in investment securities, offset by a $396.1 million decline in overnight investments.
Investment Securities
The primary objective of the investment portfolio is to generate incremental income by deploying excess funds into securities that have minimal liquidity and credit risk and low to moderate interest rate risk. Other objectives include acting as a stable source of liquidity, serving as a tool for asset and liability management and maintaining an interest rate risk profile compatible with BancShares' objectives. Additionally, purchases of equities have been made largely under a long term earnings optimization strategy. Changes in the total balance of our investment securities portfolio result from trends among loans and leases, deposits and short-term borrowings. Generally, when inflows arising from deposit and treasury services products exceed loan and lease demand, we invest excess funds into the securities portfolio or into overnight investments. Conversely, when loan demand exceeds growth in deposits and short-term borrowings, we allow any overnight investments to decline and use proceeds from maturing securities and prepayments to fund loan demand.
Investment securities were $6.60 billion at June 30, 2017, a decrease of $410.1 million, when compared to $7.01 billion at December 31, 2016. The decrease in the portfolio from December 31, 2016 was primarily attributable to only reinvesting a portion of the proceeds from sales, maturities and pay downs into the investment portfolio. This follows an increase of $38.9 million in total investment securities from June 30, 2016 to June 30, 2017 reflecting continued progress in reinvesting proceeds from sales, maturities and pay downs of securities back into the investment portfolio.
As of June 30, 2017, investment securities available for sale had a net pre-tax unrealized loss of $26.2 million, compared to a net pre-tax unrealized loss of $72.7 million as of December 31, 2016 and a net pre-tax unrealized gain of $50.5 million as of June 30, 2016. After evaluating the securities with unrealized losses, management concluded that no other than temporary impairment existed as of June 30, 2017. Available for sale securities are reported at fair value and unrealized gains and losses are included as a component of other comprehensive income, net of deferred taxes.
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Sales of investment securities for the three months ended June 30, 2017 resulted in a net realized gain of $3.4 million compared to a net loss of $24 thousand and a net gain of $12.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and June 30, 2016, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2017 we recognized $3.3 million in net realized gains on sales of investment securities compared to $17.2 million in net realized gains for the corresponding period of 2016.
At June 30, 2017, mortgage-backed securities represented 72.4 percent of investment securities available for sale, compared to U.S. Treasury, government agency securities, equity securities, corporate bonds and other, which represented 24.5 percent, 0.6 percent, 1.6 percent, 0.8 percent and 0.1 percent of the portfolio, respectively. Overnight investments are with the Federal Reserve Bank and other financial institutions.
Due to lower market rates and spread tightening since December 31, 2016 as well as executing on a sale of mortgage-backed securities in the second quarter of 2017, the carrying value of mortgage-backed, U.S. Treasury and government agency securities decreased by $403.2 million, $34.2 million and $317 thousand, respectively. Equity securities, in which our investments are comprised of other financial institutions, increased $22.4 million since December 31, 2016 primarily on improved bank stock performance driven largely by an improvement in the banking environment.
Table 9
Investment Securities

| June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016 |  | June 30, 2016
(Dollars in thousands) | Cost |  | Fair value |  | Cost |  | Fair value |  | Cost |  | Fair Value
Investment securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury | $ | 1,619,225 |  |  | $ | 1,616,134 |  |  | $ | 1,650,675 |  |  | $ | 1,650,319 |  |  | $ | 1,538,211 |  |  | $ | 1,541,479 |
Government agency | 40,080 |  |  | 40,081 |  |  | 40,291 |  |  | 40,398 |  |  | 355,014 |  |  | 355,545 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 4,822,517 |  |  | 4,772,242 |  |  | 5,259,466 |  |  | 5,175,425 |  |  | 4,489,218 |  |  | 4,535,831 |
Equity securities | 78,753 |  |  | 105,859 |  |  | 71,873 |  |  | 83,507 |  |  | 81,114 |  |  | 81,390 |
Corporate bonds | 54,412 |  |  | 54,705 |  |  | 49,367 |  |  | 49,562 |  |  | 41,360 |  |  | 41,385 |
Other | 7,630 |  |  | 7,429 |  |  | 7,615 |  |  | 7,369 |  |  | 2,115 |  |  | 1,950 |
Total investment securities available for sale | 6,622,617 |  |  | 6,596,450 |  |  | 7,079,287 |  |  | 7,006,580 |  |  | 6,507,032 |  |  | 6,557,580 |
Investment securities held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities | 80 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 104 |  |  | 156 |  |  | 165 |
Total investment securities | $ | 6,622,697 |  |  | $ | 6,596,536 |  |  | $ | 7,079,385 |  |  | $ | 7,006,684 |  |  | $ | 6,507,188 |  |  | $ | 6,557,745 |

Loans and Leases
Loans were $22.87 billion at June 30, 2017, a net increase of $1.13 billion compared to December 31, 2016, representing growth of 10.5 percent on an annualized basis. This increase was primarily driven by $512.0 million of organic growth in the non-PCI portfolio and $535.9 million in non-PCI loans acquired in the Guaranty acquisition at June 30, 2017. The PCI portfolio increased over this period by $85.7 million, reflecting net PCI loans acquired from Guaranty and HCB of $110.9 million and $74.4 million, respectively, at June 30, 2017, offset by loan run-off of $99.6 million.
Non-PCI loans increased by $2.16 billion, compared to June 30, 2016, reflecting originated loan growth and loans acquired in the Cordia and Guaranty transactions. PCI loans decreased by $26.6 million from June 30, 2016, due to continued pay downs in the PCI loan portfolio, offset by the contributions from the Guaranty and HCB acquisitions.
BancShares reports PCI and non-PCI loan portfolios separately and each portfolio is further divided into commercial and non-commercial. Additionally, loans are assigned to loan classes, which further disaggregate loans based upon common risk characteristics, such as commercial real estate, commercial and industrial or residential mortgage. Table 10 provides the composition of PCI and non-PCI loans and leases.
Non-PCI Loans and Leases
The non-PCI portfolio includes loans that management has the intent and ability to hold and are reported at the principal balance outstanding, net of deferred loan fees, including unearned income and unamortized costs, fees, premiums and discounts. Non-PCI loans include originated commercial loans and leases, originated noncommercial loans, purchased non-impaired loans, purchased leases and certain purchased revolving credit. For purchased non-impaired loans to be included as non-PCI, it must be determined that the loans are not impaired and, therefore, do not have a discount at least in part due to credit quality at the time of acquisition. Purchased non-impaired loans are initially recorded at their fair value at the date of acquisition.
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Non-PCI loans and leases at June 30, 2017 were $21.98 billion, representing 96.1 percent of total loans and leases, compared to $20.93 billion and $19.82 billion at December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016, respectively.
The non-PCI commercial loan portfolio is composed of Commercial Mortgage, Commercial and Industrial, Construction and Land Development, Lease Financing, Other Commercial Real Estate and Other Commercial loans. Non-PCI commercial loans were $14.30 billion at June 30, 2017, an increase of $538.2 million and $1.29 billion, compared to December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016, respectively, primarily resulting from originated loan growth and the Guaranty acquisition. The increase from June 30, 2016 was also attributable to the impact of the Cordia acquisition.
The non-PCI noncommercial loan portfolio is composed of Residential Mortgage, Revolving Mortgage, Consumer and Construction and Land Development loans. Non-PCI noncommercial loans were $7.68 billion at June 30, 2017, an increase of $509.7 million and $860.6 million compared to December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016, respectively, resulting from originated loan growth and the Guaranty acquisition. The increase from June 30, 2016 was also attributable to the impact of the Cordia acquisition.
PCI Loans
The PCI portfolio includes loans acquired in a transfer, including business combinations, where there is evidence of credit deterioration since origination and it is probable at the date of acquisition that we will not collect all contractually required principal and interest payments. All nonrevolving loans are evaluated at acquisition and where a discount is required at least in part due to credit quality deterioration, the loans are accounted for under the guidance in ASC Topic 310-30. PCI loans are valued at fair value at the date of acquisition.
PCI loans at June 30, 2017 were $894.9 million, representing 3.9 percent of total loans and leases, compared to $809.2 million and $921.5 million at December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016, respectively.
PCI commercial loans were $477.1 million at June 30, 2017, a decrease of $22.9 million since December 31, 2016 and $99.9 million since June 30, 2016, reflecting continued loan run-off, offset by the net PCI loans acquired from Guaranty and HCB. At June 30, 2017, PCI noncommercial loans were $417.8 million, an increase of $108.6 million and $73.3 million since December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016, respectively, due to the contributions from the HCB and Guaranty acquisitions, offset by continued loan run-off.
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Table 10
Loans and Leases

(Dollars in thousands) | June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016 |  | June 30, 2016
Non-PCI loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development | $ | 740,291 |  |  | $ | 649,157 |  |  | $ | 624,806 |
Commercial mortgage | 9,301,154 |  |  | 9,026,220 |  |  | 8,505,259 |
Other commercial real estate | 363,339 |  |  | 351,291 |  |  | 337,618 |
Commercial and industrial | 2,553,612 |  |  | 2,567,501 |  |  | 2,386,159 |
Lease financing | 853,943 |  |  | 826,270 |  |  | 784,861 |
Other | 486,573 |  |  | 340,264 |  |  | 365,269 |
Total commercial loans | 14,298,912 |  |  | 13,760,703 |  |  | 13,003,972 |
Noncommercial: |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage | 3,305,361 |  |  | 2,889,124 |  |  | 2,777,863 |
Revolving mortgage | 2,678,686 |  |  | 2,601,344 |  |  | 2,533,528 |
Construction and land development | 218,233 |  |  | 231,400 |  |  | 226,322 |
Consumer | 1,475,410 |  |  | 1,446,138 |  |  | 1,279,419 |
Total noncommercial loans | 7,677,690 |  |  | 7,168,006 |  |  | 6,817,132 |
Total non-PCI loans and leases | 21,976,602 |  |  | 20,928,709 |  |  | 19,821,104 |
PCI loans: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development | 18,660 |  |  | 20,766 |  |  | 27,742 |
Commercial mortgage | 426,778 |  |  | 453,013 |  |  | 513,021 |
Other commercial real estate | 21,409 |  |  | 12,645 |  |  | 20,166 |
Commercial and industrial | 9,307 |  |  | 11,844 |  |  | 12,854 |
Other | 903 |  |  | 1,702 |  |  | 3,159 |
Total commercial loans | 477,057 |  |  | 499,970 |  |  | 576,942 |
Noncommercial: |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage | 350,038 |  |  | 268,777 |  |  | 294,625 |
Revolving mortgage | 65,949 |  |  | 38,650 |  |  | 47,230 |
Consumer | 1,819 |  |  | 1,772 |  |  | 2,203 |
Total noncommercial loans | 417,806 |  |  | 309,199 |  |  | 344,525 |
Total PCI loans | 894,863 |  |  | 809,169 |  |  | 921,467 |
Total loans and leases | $ | 22,871,465 |  |  | $ | 21,737,878 |  |  | $ | 20,742,571 |

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses (ALLL)
The ALLL was $228.8 million at June 30, 2017, representing an increase of $10.0 million and $20.8 million since December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016, respectively. The ALLL as a percentage of total loans and leases was 1.00 percent at June 30, 2017, compared to 1.01 percent and 1.00 percent at December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016, respectively.
BancShares credit quality trends have stabilized since June 30, 2016. At June 30, 2017, the ALLL allocated to non-PCI loans and leases was $215.3 million, or 0.98 percent of non-PCI loans and leases, compared to $205.0 million, or 0.98 percent, at December 31, 2016 and $196.5 million, or 0.99 percent, at June 30, 2016. The ALLL for non-PCI loans and leases increased from June 30, 2016 primarily due to continued loan growth with comparable credit quality. The remaining ALLL of $13.5 million relates to PCI loans at June 30, 2017, compared to $13.8 million and $11.6 million at December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016, respectively. The ALLL on the PCI loan portfolio declined from December 31, 2016 primarily due to continued loan run-off. The ALLL on the PCI loan portfolio increased from June 30, 2016 primarily due to updates in default rates for certain pools of PCI loans based on actual experience, offset by continued loan run-off.
The ALLL allocated to originated non-PCI loans and leases was 1.08 percent of originated non-PCI loans and leases at June 30, 2017, compared to 1.09 percent and 1.12 percent at December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016, respectively. Originated non-PCI loans were $19.80 billion, $18.82 billion and $17.53 billion at June 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016, respectively, and do not include purchased revolving, purchased non-PCI loans or PCI loans.
BancShares recorded net provision expense of $12.3 million for loan and lease losses for the second quarter of 2017, compared to $8.2 million for the first quarter of 2017. The $4.1 million increase in net provision expense was due to higher PCI provision expense of $5.4 million, partially offset by a decrease of $1.3 million in non-PCI provision expense. The increase in PCI loan
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provision expense was primarily due to updates in default rates for certain pools of PCI loans based on actual experience. The decrease in non-PCI provision expense was due to credit quality improvements in the commercial loan portfolio and lower net charge-offs, partially offset by higher originated loan growth and an increase in specific reserves on impaired loans and leases.
Net provision expense increased $7.8 million from the second quarter of 2016. Non-PCI provision expense increased $3.1 million primarily due to higher originated loan growth and higher net charge-offs. The PCI provision expense increased $4.7 million due to updates in default rates for certain pools of PCI loans based on actual experience. Net provision expense for the six months ended June 30, 2017 was $20.6 million, compared to $9.4 million for the same period of 2016. The increase in provision expense was primarily due to higher net charge-offs, originated loan growth and an increase in provision on PCI loans due to updates in default rates for certain pools of PCI loans based on actual experience.
On an annualized basis, total net charge-offs as a percentage of total average loans and leases for the second quarter of 2017 was 0.08 percent, compared to 0.11 percent in the first quarter of 2017 and 0.06 percent in the second quarter of 2016. Net charge-offs for non-PCI loans and leases were $4.5 million during the second quarter of 2017, compared to $6.1 million and $3.3 million during the first quarter of 2017 and second quarter of 2016, respectively. On an annualized basis, non-PCI net charge-offs as a percentage of non-PCI average loans and leases during the second quarter of 2017 were 0.08 percent, compared to 0.12 percent in the first quarter of 2017 and 0.07 percent in the second quarter of 2016.
The unamortized discount related to non-PCI loans and leases at June 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016 was $42.9 million, $31.5 million and $35.0 million, respectively. The unamortized discount related to PCI loans at June 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016 was $129.8 million, $118.9 million and $136.5 million, respectively.
Management considers the ALLL adequate to absorb estimated inherent losses that relate to loans and leases outstanding at June 30, 2017, although future adjustments may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions and other factors. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the ALLL. Such agencies may require adjustments to the ALLL based on information available to them at the time of their examination.
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Table 11
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses Components by Loan Class

| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | Six months ended June 30
| Second |  | First |  | Fourth |  | Third |  | Second |
(Dollars in thousands) | Quarter |  | Quarter |  | Quarter |  | Quarter |  | Quarter |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Allowance for loan and lease losses at beginning of period | $ | 220,943 |  |  | $ | 218,795 |  |  | $ | 211,950 |  |  | $ | 208,008 |  |  | $ | 206,783 |  |  | $ | 218,795 |  |  | $ | 206,216 |
Non-PCI provision for loan and lease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development | 2,372 |  |  | 2,536 |  |  | 10,802 |  |  | 835 |  |  | 291 |  |  | 4,908 |  |  | 1,234 |
Commercial mortgage | 639 |  |  | 6 |  |  | (20,844 | ) |  | (2,163 | ) |  | 701 |  |  | 645 |  |  | 1,096 |
Other commercial real estate | 33 |  |  | 304 |  |  | 958 |  |  | 150 |  |  | (79 | ) |  | 337 |  |  | (184 | )
Commercial and industrial | 968 |  |  | 3,592 |  |  | 9,347 |  |  | 2,954 |  |  | 81 |  |  | 4,560 |  |  | 2,282 |
Lease financing | 186 |  |  | 575 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 274 |  |  | 343 |  |  | 761 |  |  | 62 |
Other | (214 | ) |  | 517 |  |  | 985 |  |  | 183 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 241 |  |  | (290 | )
Total commercial loans | 3,984 |  |  | 7,530 |  |  | 1,548 |  |  | 2,233 |  |  | 1,374 |  |  | 11,452 |  |  | 4,200 |
Noncommercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage | 155 |  |  | 1,061 |  |  | 6,654 |  |  | 531 |  |  | 1,487 |  |  | 1,506 |  |  | 2,262 |
Revolving mortgage | 1,054 |  |  | 840 |  |  | (4,541 | ) |  | 679 |  |  | 1,470 |  |  | 1,604 |  |  | 2,628 |
Construction and land development | (10 | ) |  | (83 | ) |  | (208 | ) |  | 88 |  |  | 78 |  |  | (93 | ) |  | 165 |
Consumer | 4,569 |  |  | 1,728 |  |  | 10,439 |  |  | 3,899 |  |  | 2,299 |  |  | 6,359 |  |  | 4,293 |
Total noncommercial loans | 5,768 |  |  | 3,546 |  |  | 12,344 |  |  | 5,197 |  |  | 5,334 |  |  | 9,376 |  |  | 9,348 |
Total non-PCI provision | 9,752 |  |  | 11,076 |  |  | 13,892 |  |  | 7,430 |  |  | 6,708 |  |  | 20,828 |  |  | 13,548 |
PCI provision for loan losses | 2,572 |  |  | (2,845 | ) |  | 2,137 |  |  | 77 |  |  | (2,146 | ) |  | (273 | ) |  | (4,143 | )
Non-PCI Charge-offs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development | (413 | ) |  | (77 | ) |  | (41 | ) |  | (77 | ) |  | (136 | ) |  | (490 | ) |  | (562 | )
Commercial mortgage | (235 | ) |  | (37 | ) |  | (392 | ) |  | (461 | ) |  | (44 | ) |  | (272 | ) |  | (134 | )
Other commercial real estate | — |  |  | (5 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5 | ) |  | — |
Commercial and industrial | (3,121 | ) |  | (3,253 | ) |  | (5,321 | ) |  | (1,198 | ) |  | (1,177 | ) |  | (6,374 | ) |  | (2,494 | )
Lease financing | (97 | ) |  | (173 | ) |  | (310 | ) |  | (132 | ) |  | — |  |  | (270 | ) |  | — |
Other | (64 | ) |  | (123 | ) |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | (88 | ) |  | (187 | ) |  | (160 | )
Total commercial loans | (3,930 | ) |  | (3,668 | ) |  | (6,049 | ) |  | (1,868 | ) |  | (1,445 | ) |  | (7,598 | ) |  | (3,350 | )
Noncommercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage | (222 | ) |  | (250 | ) |  | (245 | ) |  | (328 | ) |  | (179 | ) |  | (472 | ) |  | (352 | )
Revolving mortgage | (280 | ) |  | (825 | ) |  | (779 | ) |  | (391 | ) |  | (1,081 | ) |  | (1,105 | ) |  | (2,116 | )
Consumer | (4,991 | ) |  | (3,966 | ) |  | (4,241 | ) |  | (3,623 | ) |  | (3,136 | ) |  | (9,019 | ) |  | (6,243 | )
Total noncommercial loans | (5,493 | ) |  | (5,041 | ) |  | (5,265 | ) |  | (4,342 | ) |  | (4,396 | ) |  | (10,596 | ) |  | (8,711 | )
Total non-PCI charge-offs | (9,423 | ) |  | (8,709 | ) |  | (11,314 | ) |  | (6,210 | ) |  | (5,841 | ) |  | (18,194 | ) |  | (12,061 | )
Non-PCI Recoveries: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development | 209 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 264 |  |  | 209 |
Commercial mortgage | 731 |  |  | 364 |  |  | 147 |  |  | 378 |  |  | 500 |  |  | 1,095 |  |  | 755 |
Other commercial real estate | 7 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 154 |
Commercial and industrial | 2,392 |  |  | 265 |  |  | 207 |  |  | 328 |  |  | 525 |  |  | 2,657 |  |  | 1,004 |
Lease financing | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 180 |
Other | 46 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 170 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 350 |
Total commercial loans | 3,385 |  |  | 707 |  |  | 507 |  |  | 963 |  |  | 1,194 |  |  | 4,154 |  |  | 2,652 |
Noncommercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage | 75 |  |  | 287 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 334 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 362 |  |  | 61 |
Revolving mortgage | 401 |  |  | 552 |  |  | 414 |  |  | 256 |  |  | 214 |  |  | 953 |  |  | 245 |
Construction and land development | — |  |  | — |  |  | 63 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Consumer | 1,093 |  |  | 1,080 |  |  | 1,074 |  |  | 1,092 |  |  | 1,111 |  |  | 2,173 |  |  | 2,101 |
Total noncommercial loans | 1,569 |  |  | 1,919 |  |  | 1,623 |  |  | 1,682 |  |  | 1,366 |  |  | 3,488 |  |  | 2,410 |
Total non-PCI recoveries | 4,954 |  |  | 2,626 |  |  | 2,130 |  |  | 2,645 |  |  | 2,560 |  |  | 7,642 |  |  | 5,062 |
Non-PCI loans and leases charged off, net | (4,469 | ) |  | (6,083 | ) |  | (9,184 | ) |  | (3,565 | ) |  | (3,281 | ) |  | (10,552 | ) |  | (6,999 | )
PCI loans charged off, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (56 | ) |  | — |  |  | (614 | )
Allowance for loan and lease losses at end of period | $ | 228,798 |  |  | $ | 220,943 |  |  | $ | 218,795 |  |  | $ | 211,950 |  |  | $ | 208,008 |  |  | $ | 228,798 |  |  | $ | 208,008 |
Reserve for unfunded commitments | $ | 1,133 |  |  | $ | 1,198 |  |  | $ | 1,133 |  |  | $ | 379 |  |  | $ | 399 |  |  | $ | 1,133 |  |  | $ | 399 |

Second Quarter 2017 to First Quarter 2017
Provision expense for non-PCI commercial and industrial loans was $1.0 million in the second quarter of 2017, compared to $3.6 million in the first quarter of 2017. The decline in provision expense was primarily due to a large recovery on a medical loan in the current quarter.
Provision expense for non-PCI consumer loans was $4.6 million in the second quarter of 2017, compared to $1.7 million in the first quarter of 2017. The increase in provision expense was due to higher consumer credit card balances in the current quarter.
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Second Quarter 2017 to Second Quarter 2016
Provision expense for non-PCI commercial construction and land development loans was $2.4 million in the second quarter of 2017, compared to $291 thousand for the same period of 2016. The increase in provision expense was due to higher loan growth in 2017 compared to the prior year and the result of updating loan loss factors for this portfolio during the fourth quarter of 2016 given an increase in loss experience in accordance with our ALLL methodology.
Provision expense for non-PCI consumer loans was $4.6 million in the second quarter of 2017, compared to $2.3 million in the same period of 2016. The increase in provision expense was due to higher consumer credit card balances in the current quarter.
Year-to-date 2017
Provision expense for non-PCI commercial construction and land development loans was $4.9 million in the first six months of 2017, compared to $1.2 million for the same period of 2016. The increase in provision expense was due to higher loan growth in 2017 compared to the prior year and the result of updating loan loss factors for this portfolio during the fourth quarter of 2016 given an increase in loss experience in accordance with our ALLL methodology.
Provision expense for non-PCI commercial and industrial loans was $4.6 million in the first six months of 2017, compared to $2.3 million for the same period of 2016. The increase in provision expense was due to select credit downgrades related to medical and dental borrowers in the first quarter of 2017.
Provision expense for non-PCI consumer loans was $6.4 million in the first six months of 2017, compared to $4.3 million in the same period of 2016. The increase in provision expense was due to higher consumer credit card balances in the current quarter.
Table 12
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses Metrics and Ratios

| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | Six months ended June 30 |
| Second |  | First |  | Fourth |  | Third |  | Second |  |
(Dollars in thousands) | Quarter |  | Quarter |  | Quarter |  | Quarter |  | Quarter |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |
Average loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PCI | $ | 858,053 |  |  | $ | 857,501 |  |  | $ | 831,858 |  |  | $ | 892,115 |  |  | $ | 931,820 |  |  | $ | 857,778 |  |  | $ | 935,830 |  |
Non-PCI | 21,717,270 |  |  | 21,093,943 |  |  | 20,716,455 |  |  | 20,134,395 |  |  | 19,725,274 |  |  | 21,407,328 |  |  | 19,567,263 |  |
Loans and leases at period-end: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PCI | 894,863 |  |  | 848,816 |  |  | 809,169 |  |  | 868,200 |  |  | 921,467 |  |  | 894,863 |  |  | 921,467 |  |
Non-PCI | 21,976,602 |  |  | 21,057,633 |  |  | 20,928,709 |  |  | 20,428,780 |  |  | 19,821,104 |  |  | 21,976,602 |  |  | 19,821,104 |  |
Allowance for loan and lease losses allocated to loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PCI | 13,496 |  |  | 10,924 |  |  | 13,769 |  |  | 11,632 |  |  | 11,555 |  |  | 13,496 |  |  | 11,555 |  |
Non-PCI | 215,302 |  |  | 210,019 |  |  | 205,026 |  |  | 200,318 |  |  | 196,453 |  |  | 215,302 |  |  | 196,453 |  |
Total | $ | 228,798 |  |  | $ | 220,943 |  |  | $ | 218,795 |  |  | $ | 211,950 |  |  | $ | 208,008 |  |  | $ | 228,798 |  |  | $ | 208,008 |  |
Net charge-offs (annualized) to average loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PCI | — |  | % | — |  | % | — |  | % | — |  | % | 0.02 |  | % | — |  | % | 0.13 |  | %
Non-PCI | 0.08 |  |  | 0.12 |  |  | 0.18 |  |  | 0.07 |  |  | 0.07 |  |  | 0.10 |  |  | 0.07 |  |
Total | 0.08 |  |  | 0.11 |  |  | 0.17 |  |  | 0.07 |  |  | 0.06 |  |  | 0.10 |  |  | 0.07 |  |
ALLL to total loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PCI | 1.51 |  |  | 1.29 |  |  | 1.70 |  |  | 1.34 |  |  | 1.25 |  |  | 1.51 |  |  | 1.25 |  |
Non-PCI | 0.98 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  | 0.98 |  |  | 0.98 |  |  | 0.99 |  |  | 0.98 |  |  | 0.99 |  |
Total | 1.00 |  |  | 1.01 |  |  | 1.01 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |

Nonperforming Assets
Nonperforming assets include nonaccrual loans and leases and OREO from our PCI and non-PCI loan portfolios. At June 30, 2017, BancShares’ nonperforming assets were $150.2 million, up from $147.0 million at December 31, 2016 and down from $159.9 million at June 30, 2016, respectively.
At June 30, 2017, OREO totaled $60.8 million, representing declines of $450 thousand and $6.3 million since December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016, respectively, as sales outpaced additions. Nonaccrual PCI loans at June 30, 2017 were down $2.1 million and $2.4 million from December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016, respectively, due to resolutions of impaired loans. Nonaccrual non-PCI loans and leases at June 30, 2017 increased $5.8 million compared to December 31, 2016 primarily due to residential mortgage loans moving to past due status. Nonaccrual non-PCI loans and leases declined $939 thousand from June 30, 2016 as a result of
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problem asset resolutions in the commercial loan portfolio, offset by an increase in residential mortgage loans moving to nonaccrual status.
Of the $150.2 million in nonperforming assets at June 30, 2017, $260 thousand were loans and OREO covered by shared-loss agreements. Covered nonperforming assets continue to decline due to loan resolutions, the termination of certain shared-loss agreements and the expiration of FDIC shared-loss agreements.
Table 13
Nonperforming Assets

| 2017 |  | 2016
| Second |  | First |  | Fourth |  | Third |  | Second
(Dollars in thousands) | Quarter |  | Quarter |  | Quarter |  | Quarter |  | Quarter
Nonaccrual loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-PCI | $ | 88,067 |  |  | $ | 86,086 |  |  | $ | 82,307 |  |  | $ | 87,043 |  |  | $ | 89,006 |
PCI | 1,312 |  |  | 1,458 |  |  | 3,451 |  |  | 4,142 |  |  | 3,759 |
Other real estate | 60,781 |  |  | 56,491 |  |  | 61,231 |  |  | 68,964 |  |  | 67,089 |
Total nonperforming assets | $ | 150,160 |  |  | $ | 144,035 |  |  | $ | 146,989 |  |  | $ | 160,149 |  |  | $ | 159,854 |
Nonaccrual loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Covered under shared-loss agreements | $ | 98 |  |  | $ | 98 |  |  | $ | 93 |  |  | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | 637 |
Not covered under shared-loss agreements | 89,281 |  |  | 87,446 |  |  | 85,665 |  |  | 91,090 |  |  | 92,128 |
Other real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Covered | 162 |  |  | 349 |  |  | 472 |  |  | 591 |  |  | 484 |
Noncovered | 60,619 |  |  | 56,142 |  |  | 60,759 |  |  | 68,373 |  |  | 66,605 |
Total nonperforming assets | $ | 150,160 |  |  | $ | 144,035 |  |  | $ | 146,989 |  |  | $ | 160,149 |  |  | $ | 159,854 |
Loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Covered | $ | 73,170 |  |  | $ | 75,895 |  |  | $ | 84,821 |  |  | $ | 91,469 |  |  | $ | 95,534 |
Noncovered | 22,798,295 |  |  | 21,830,554 |  |  | 21,653,057 |  |  | 21,205,511 |  |  | 20,647,037 |
Accruing loans and leases 90 days or more past due |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-PCI | 4,192 |  |  | 2,982 |  |  | 2,718 |  |  | 1,879 |  |  | 3,017 |
PCI | 72,586 |  |  | 75,576 |  |  | 65,523 |  |  | 67,433 |  |  | 76,807 |
Ratio of nonperforming assets to total loans, leases and other real estate owned: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Covered | 0.35 | % |  | 0.59 | % |  | 0.66 | % |  | 0.75 | % |  | 1.17 | %
Noncovered | 0.66 |  |  | 0.66 |  |  | 0.67 |  |  | 0.75 |  |  | 0.77 |
Total | 0.65 | % |  | 0.66 | % |  | 0.67 | % |  | 0.75 | % |  | 0.77 | %

Troubled Debt Restructurings
Troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) are selectively made to provide relief to customers experiencing liquidity challenges or other circumstances that could affect their ability to meet their debt obligations. Typical modifications include short-term deferral of interest or modification of payment terms. Nonperforming TDRs are not accruing interest and are included as nonperforming assets within nonaccrual loans and leases. TDRs which are accruing at the time of restructure and continue to perform based on the restructured terms are considered performing.
Total PCI and non-PCI loans and leases classified as TDRs at June 30, 2017 were $150.9 million, compared to $150.9 million at December 31, 2016 and $139.3 million at June 30, 2016. Accruing TDRs were $124.2 million, a decline of $3.4 million from December 31, 2016 and an increase of $11.0 million from June 30, 2016. At June 30, 2017, nonaccruing TDRs were $26.7 million, an increase of $3.3 million and $579 thousand from December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016, respectively. The increase in nonaccruing TDRs from December 31, 2016 was primarily related to an increase in residential mortgage TDRs.
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Table 14
Troubled Debt Restructurings

(Dollars in thousands) | June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016 |  | June 30, 2016
Accruing TDRs: |  |  |  |  |
PCI | $ | 19,877 |  |  | $ | 26,068 |  |  | $ | 23,369 |
Non-PCI | 104,298 |  |  | 101,462 |  |  | 89,800 |
Total accruing TDRs | 124,175 |  |  | 127,530 |  |  | 113,169 |
Nonaccruing TDRs: |  |  |  |  |
PCI | 318 |  |  | 301 |  |  | 952 |
Non-PCI | 26,398 |  |  | 23,085 |  |  | 25,185 |
Total nonaccruing TDRs | 26,716 |  |  | 23,386 |  |  | 26,137 |
All TDRs: |  |  |  |  |
PCI | 20,195 |  |  | 26,369 |  |  | 24,321 |
Non-PCI | 130,696 |  |  | 124,547 |  |  | 114,985 |
Total TDRs | $ | 150,891 |  |  | $ | 150,916 |  |  | $ | 139,306 |

INTEREST-BEARING LIABILITIES
Interest-bearing liabilities include interest-bearing deposits, short-term borrowings and long-term obligations. Interest-bearing liabilities were $19.95 billion and $19.47 billion at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The $478.0 million increase from December 31, 2016 was due to an increase in interest-bearing deposits of $250.0 million, a $181.0 million increase in short-term borrowings and a $47.0 million increase in long-term obligations. Interest-bearing liabilities increased $888.3 million from June 30, 2016 primarily due to an $802.9 million increase in interest-bearing deposits, a $55.9 million increase in short-term borrowings and a $29.5 million increase in long-term obligations.
Deposits
At June 30, 2017, total deposits were $29.46 billion, an increase of $1.29 billion, or 4.6 percent, compared to December 31, 2016 and an increase of $2.20 billion, or by 8.1 percent, when compared to June 30, 2016. The increase from both periods was primarily the result of organic growth in demand deposit, checking with interest and savings accounts and the contributions from the Guaranty and HCB acquisitions, offset by runoff in time deposits. The increase from June 30, 2016 also resulted from the contribution from the Cordia acquisition.
Due to our focus on maintaining a strong liquidity position, core deposit retention remains a key business objective. We believe that traditional bank deposit products remain an attractive option for many customers, but as economic conditions improve, we recognize that our liquidity position could be adversely affected as bank deposits are withdrawn and invested elsewhere. Our ability to fund future loan growth is dependent on our success at retaining existing deposits and generating new deposits at a reasonable cost.
Short-Term Borrowings
At June 30, 2017, short-term borrowings were $784.5 million compared to $603.5 million and $728.6 million at December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016, respectively. The $181.0 million increase from December 31, 2016 was due to FHLB borrowings of $75.0 million, subordinated notes payable of $15.0 million and a repurchase agreement of $30.0 million with maturities less than one year being reclassified from long-term obligations, as well as higher activity in customer repurchase agreements. The $56.0 million increase from June 30, 2016 was due to FHLB borrowings of $85.0 million, subordinated notes payable of $15.0 million and a repurchase agreement of $30.0 million with maturities less than one year being reclassified from long-term obligations, offset by lower activity in customer repurchase agreements.
Long-Term Obligations
Long-term obligations were $880.0 million at June 30, 2017, up $47.0 million from December 31, 2016 due to additional FHLB borrowings of $175.0 million during 2017 to mitigate interest rate risk from long-term fixed-rate loans. This increase was partially offset by FHLB borrowings of $75.0 million, subordinated notes payable of $15.0 million and a repurchase agreement of $30.0 million with maturities less than one year being reclassified from long-term obligations, as well as a redemption of $5.0 million aggregate principal amount of Trust Preferred Securities issued by FCB/SC Capital Trust II. Long-term obligations increased $29.5 million from June 30, 2016 primarily due to additional FHLB borrowings of $175.0 million during 2017 to mitigate interest rate risk from long-term fixed-rate loans. This increase was partially offset by FHLB borrowings of $85.0 million, subordinated notes payable of $15.0 million and a repurchase agreement of $30.0 million with maturities less than one year being reclassified to short-term borrowings, as well as redemptions of $11.0 million and $1.0 million aggregate principal amount of Trust Preferred Securities issued by FCB/SC Capital Trust II and FCB/NC Capital Trust III, respectively, since June 30, 2016.
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BancShares owns three special purpose entities – FCB/NC Capital Trust III, FCB/SC Capital Trust II, and SCB Capital Trust I (the Trusts). Long-term obligations included junior subordinated debentures representing obligations to the Trusts, which may be redeemed at par in whole or in part at any time. BancShares has guaranteed all obligations of the Trusts. BancShares had the following issues of trust preferred securities and subordinated debentures owed to the Trusts:
Table 15
Trust Preferred Securities and Subordinated Debentures

|  | June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016 |  | June 30, 2016 |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Subordinated Debentures Owed to Trust |  | Trust Preferred Securities of the Trusts |  | Subordinated Debentures Owed to Trust |  | Trust Preferred Securities of the Trusts |  | Subordinated Debentures Owed to Trust |  | Subordinated Debentures Owed to Trust |  | Maturity Date
FCB/NC Capital Trust III |  | $ | 90,206 |  |  | $ | 87,500 |  |  | $ | 90,206 |  |  | $ | 87,500 |  |  | $ | 96,392 |  |  | $ | 93,500 |  |  | June 30, 2036
FCB/SC Capital Trust II |  | 19,588 |  |  | 19,000 |  |  | 24,743 |  |  | 24,000 |  |  | 25,774 |  |  | 25,000 |  |  | June 15, 2034
SCB Capital Trust I |  | 10,310 |  |  | 10,000 |  |  | 10,310 |  |  | 10,000 |  |  | 10,310 |  |  | 10,000 |  |  | April 7, 2034
|  | $ | 120,104 |  |  | $ | 116,500 |  |  | $ | 125,259 |  |  | $ | 121,500 |  |  | $ | 132,476 |  |  | $ | 128,500 |  |  |

Shareholders' Equity and Capital Adequacy
BancShares and FCB are required to meet minimum capital requirements imposed by regulatory authorities. Failure to meet certain capital requirements may result in actions by regulatory agencies that could have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP), unrealized gains and losses on certain assets and liabilities, net of deferred taxes, are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) within shareholders' equity. These amounts are excluded from shareholders' equity in the calculation of our capital ratios. In the aggregate, these items represented a net reduction in shareholders' equity of $102.8 million at June 30, 2017, compared to a net reduction of $135.2 million at December 31, 2016 and $15.0 million at June 30, 2016. The $32.3 million increase in AOCI from December 31, 2016 was primarily driven by a decrease in unrealized losses on investment securities as a result of lower market interest rates. The $87.8 million decrease in AOCI from June 30, 2016 was primarily driven by the change in the discount rate used in our defined benefit pension plans and the unrealized loss position on our investment securities available for sale portfolio at June 30, 2017 as a result of higher market interest rates.
Table 16
Analysis of Capital Adequacy

| June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016 |  | June 30, 2016 |  | Regulatory minimum |  | Well-capitalized requirement
BancShares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk-based capital ratios |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tier 1 risk-based capital | 12.69 | % |  | 12.42 | % |  | 12.63 | % |  | 6.00 | % |  | 8.00 | %
Common equity Tier 1 | 12.69 |  |  | 12.42 |  |  | 12.63 |  |  | 4.50 |  |  | 6.50 |
Total risk-based capital | 14.07 |  |  | 13.85 |  |  | 14.10 |  |  | 8.00 |  |  | 10.00 |
Tier 1 leverage ratio | 9.33 |  |  | 9.05 |  |  | 9.09 |  |  | 4.00 |  |  | 5.00 |
Bank |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk-based capital ratios |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tier 1 risk-based capital | 12.55 | % |  | 12.25 | % |  | 12.44 | % |  | 6.00 | % |  | 8.00 | %
Common equity Tier 1 | 12.55 |  |  | 12.25 |  |  | 12.44 |  |  | 4.50 |  |  | 6.50 |
Total risk-based capital | 13.51 |  |  | 13.21 |  |  | 13.39 |  |  | 8.00 |  |  | 10.00 |
Tier 1 leverage ratio | 9.23 |  |  | 8.94 |  |  | 8.96 |  |  | 4.00 |  |  | 5.00 |

Bank regulatory agencies approved regulatory capital guidelines (Basel III) aimed at strengthening existing capital requirements for banking organizations. The final rules set minimum requirements for both the quantity and quality of capital held by BancShares and FCB and included a common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets ratio. A capital conservation buffer was also established and was phased in beginning January 1, 2016 at 0.625 percent above minimum risk-based capital requirements and will increase each subsequent year by an additional 0.625 percent until reaching its final level of 2.50 percent on January 1, 2019. As such, the capital conservation buffer requirement was 1.25 percent effective January 1, 2017. BancShares and FCB had capital conservation
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buffers above minimum risk-based capital requirements of 6.07 percent and 5.51 percent, respectively, at June 30, 2017. The buffers exceeded the 1.25 percent requirement and, therefore, resulted in no limit on distributions.
As of June 30, 2017, BancShares and FCB continued to exceed minimum capital standards and remained well-capitalized under Basel III guidelines. BancShares had no trust preferred capital securities included in Tier 1 capital at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 under Basel III guidelines. Trust preferred capital securities continue to be a component of total risk-based capital.
RISK MANAGEMENT
Risk is inherent in any business and, as is the case with other management functions, senior management has primary responsibility for day-to-day management of the risks we face. The Board of Directors strive to ensure that risk management is part of the business culture and that policies and procedures for identifying, assessing, measuring, monitoring, and managing risk are part of the decision-making process. The Board of Director’s role in risk oversight is an integral part of our overall enterprise risk management framework. The Board of Directors administers its risk oversight function primarily through the Board Risk Committee.
The Board Risk Committee structure is designed to allow for information flow and escalation of risk related issues. Among the duties and responsibilities assigned by the Board of Directors, the Board Risk Committee is directed to monitor and advise the Board of Directors regarding risk exposures, including credit, market, capital, liquidity, operational, compliance, strategic, legal, and reputational risks; review, approve and monitor adherence to risk appetite and supporting risk tolerance levels and evaluate, monitor and oversee the adequacy and effectiveness of the Enterprise Risk Management Framework. The Board Risk Committee also reviews reports of examination by and communications from regulatory agencies, and the results of internal and third party testing, analyses and reviews, related to risks, risk management, and any other matters within the scope of the Committee’s oversight responsibilities. The Board Risk Committee reviews and monitors management's response to any noted regulatory or audit issues. In addition, the Board Risk Committee may coordinate with the Audit Committee for the review of financial statements and related risks and other areas of joint responsibility.
The Dodd-Frank Act mandated that stress tests be developed and performed to ensure that financial institutions have sufficient capital to absorb losses and support operations during multiple economic and bank scenarios. Bank holding companies with total consolidated assets between $10 billion and $50 billion, including BancShares, will undergo annual company-run stress tests. As directed by the Federal Reserve, summaries of BancShares’ results in the severely adverse stress tests are available to the public. In combination with other risk management and monitoring practices, the results of stress testing activities are considered a key part of our risk management program.
Credit risk management. Credit risk is the risk of not collecting payments pursuant to the contractual terms of loans, leases and investment securities. Loans and leases, other than acquired loans, were underwritten in accordance with our credit policies and procedures and are subject to periodic ongoing reviews. Acquired loans were recorded at fair value as of the acquisition date and are subject to periodic reviews to identify any further credit deterioration. Our independent credit review function conducts risk reviews and analyses of both acquired and originated loans to ensure compliance with credit policies and to monitor asset quality trends. The risk reviews include portfolio analysis by geographic location, industry, collateral type and product. We strive to identify potential problem loans as early as possible, to record charge-offs or write-downs as appropriate and to maintain an adequate ALLL that accounts for losses inherent in the loan and lease portfolio.
Interest rate risk management. Interest rate risk (IRR) results principally from assets and liabilities maturing or repricing at different points in time, from assets and liabilities repricing at the same point in time but in different amounts and from short-term and long-term interest rates changing in different magnitudes.
We assess our short term IRR by forecasting net interest income over 24 months under various interest rate scenarios and comparing those results to forecast net interest income assuming stable rates. Rate shock scenarios represent an instantaneous and parallel shift in rates, up or down, from a base yield curve. Due to the current low level of interest rates and competitive pressures that constrain our ability to further reduce deposit interest rates, it is unlikely that the rates on most interest-bearing deposits can decline materially from current levels. Our shock projections incorporate assumptions of likely customer migration of low rate deposit instruments to intermediate term fixed rate instruments, such as certificates of deposit, as rates rise. Various other IRR scenarios are modeled to supplement shock scenarios. This may include interest rate ramps, changes in the shape of the yield curve and changes in the relationships of FCB rates to market rates.
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Table 17
Net Interest Income Sensitivity Simulation Analysis
This table provides the impact on net interest income over 24 months resulting from various instantaneous interest rate shock scenarios as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

| Estimated increase in net interest income
Change in interest rate (basis point) | June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
+100 | 4.32 | % |  | 4.12 | %
+200 | 5.54 |  |  | 5.06 |
+300 | 3.01 |  |  | 2.08 |

The change in net interest income sensitivity metrics at June 30, 2017 compared to December 31, 2016 benefited from an increase in overnight investments and a favorable change in the deposit mix from growth in non-interest bearing deposits.
Table 18
Economic Value of Equity Modeling Analysis
Long-term interest rate risk exposure is measured using the economic value of equity (EVE) sensitivity analysis to study the impact of long-term cash flows on earnings and capital. EVE represents the difference between the sum of the present value of all asset cash flows and the sum of the present value of the liability cash flows. EVE sensitivity analysis involves discounting cash flows of balance sheet items under different interest rate scenarios. Cash flows will vary by interest rate scenario, resulting in variations in EVE. The base-case measurement and its sensitivity to shifts in the yield curve allow management to measure longer-term repricing and option risk in the balance sheet. This table presents the EVE profile as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

| Estimated increase (decrease) in EVE
Change in interest rate (basis point) | June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
+100 | 5.07 | % |  | 3.10 | %
+200 | 4.32 |  |  | 0.85 |
+300 | (1.17 | ) |  | (5.44 | )

The improvement in the economic value of equity metrics at June 30, 2017 compared to December 31, 2016 was primarily due to an increase in asset sensitivity driven by a reduction in fixed rate securities and growth in non-interest bearing deposits.
We do not typically utilize interest rate swaps, floors, collars or other derivative financial instruments to attempt to hedge our overall balance sheet rate sensitivity and interest rate risk.
Liquidity risk management. Liquidity risk is the risk that an institution will be unable to generate or obtain sufficient cash or its equivalents on a cost-effective basis to meet commitments as they fall due. The most common sources of liquidity risk arise from mismatches in the timing and value of on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet cash inflows and outflows. In general, on-balance sheet mismatches generate liquidity risk when the effective maturity of assets exceeds the effective maturity of liabilities. A commonly cited example of a balance sheet liquidity mismatch is when long-term loans (assets) are funded with short-term deposits (liabilities). Other forms of liquidity risk include market constraints on the ability to convert assets into cash at expected levels, an inability to access funding sources at sufficient levels at a reasonable cost, and changes in economic conditions or exposure to credit, market, operation, legal and reputation risks that can affect an institution’s liquidity risk profile.
We utilize various limit-based measures to monitor, measure and control liquidity risk across three different types of liquidity:

• | Tactical liquidity measures the risk of a negative cash flow position whereby cash outflows exceed cash inflows over a short-term horizon out to nine weeks;

• | Structural liquidity measures the amount by which illiquid assets are supported by long-term funding; and

• | Contingent liquidity utilizes cash flow stress testing across three crisis scenarios to determine the adequacy of our liquidity.

We aim to maintain a diverse mix of liquidity sources to support the liquidity management function, while aiming to avoid funding concentrations by diversifying our external funding with respect to maturities, counterparties and nature. Our primary source of liquidity is our retail deposit book due to the generally stable balances and low cost it offers. Additional sources include cash in excess of our reserve requirement at the Federal Reserve Bank and various other corresponding bank accounts and unencumbered securities, which totaled $4.54 billion at June 30, 2017 compared to $3.88 billion at December 31, 2016. Another source of available liquidity is advances from the FHLB of Atlanta. Outstanding FHLB advances were $845.2 million as of June 30, 2017, and we had sufficient collateral pledged to secure $4.72 billion of additional borrowings. Also, at June 30, 2017, $2.89 billion in noncovered loans with a lendable collateral value of $1.99 billion were used to create additional borrowing capacity at the Federal Reserve
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Bank. We also maintain Federal Funds lines and other borrowing facilities which had $715.0 million of available capacity at June 30, 2017.
We entered into forward-starting advances with the FHLB of Atlanta in June 2016 to receive $200.0 million of fixed rate long-term funding. There are two advances of $100.0 million each scheduled to fund in June 2018 with maturity dates of June 2026 and 2028.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
There have been no significant changes in our Critical Accounting Policies as described in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Statements in this Report and exhibits relating to plans, strategies, economic performance and trends, projections of results of specific activities or investments, expectations or beliefs about future events or results and other statements that are not descriptions of historical facts may be forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Forward-looking information is inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, and actual results could differ materially from those currently anticipated due to a number of factors which include, but are not limited to, factors discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and in other documents filed by us from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Forward-looking statements may be identified by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “expects,” “plans,” “intends,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “forecasts,” “projects,” “potential” or “continue,” or similar terms or the negative of these terms, or other statements concerning opinions or judgments of BancShares’ management about future events.
Factors that could influence the accuracy of those forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the financial success or changing strategies of our customers, customer acceptance of our services, products and fee structure, the competitive nature of the financial services industry, our ability to compete effectively against other financial institutions in our banking markets, actions of government regulators, the level of market interest rates and our ability to manage our interest rate risk, changes in general economic conditions that affect our loan and lease portfolio, the abilities of our borrowers to repay their loans and leases, the values of real estate and other collateral, the impact of the FDIC-assisted transactions and other developments or changes in our business that we do not expect.
Actual results may differ materially from those expressed in or implied by any forward-looking statements. Except to the extent required by applicable law or regulation, BancShares undertakes no obligation to revise or update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason.

Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Market risk is the potential economic loss resulting from changes in market prices and interest rates. This risk can either result in diminished current fair values of financial instruments or reduced net interest income in future periods. As of June 30, 2017, BancShares’ market risk profile has not changed significantly from December 31, 2016, as discussed in the Form 10-K. Changes in fair value that result from movement in market rates cannot be predicted with any degree of certainty. Therefore, the impact that future changes in market rates will have on the fair values of financial instruments is uncertain.

Item 4. | Controls and Procedures

BancShares' management, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of BancShares' disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, in accordance with Rule 13a-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act). Based upon that evaluation, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that BancShares' disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that it is able to record, process, summarize and report in a timely manner the information required to be disclosed in the reports it files under the Exchange Act.
No change in BancShares' internal control over financial reporting occurred during the second quarter of 2017 that had materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, BancShares' internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
BancShares and various subsidiaries have been named as defendants in various legal actions arising from our normal business activities in which damages in various amounts are claimed. Although the amount of any ultimate liability with respect to those other matters cannot be determined, in the opinion of management, any such liability will not have a material effect on BancShares’ consolidated financial statements.
Additional information relating to legal proceedings is set forth in Note L of BancShares' Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 1A. | Risk Factors

There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 6. | Exhibits

31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer (filed herewith)
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer (filed herewith)
32.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer (filed herewith)
32.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer (filed herewith)
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: | August 3, 2017 |  |  | FIRST CITIZENS BANCSHARES, INC.
|  |  |  | (Registrant)
|  | By: |  | /s/ CRAIG L. NIX
|  |  |  | Craig L. Nix
|  |  |  | Chief Financial Officer

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