10-Q 1 fcnca_10qx09302018.htm 10-Q
Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
____________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
____________________________________________________
x Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018
or
¨ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Commission File Number: 001-16715
____________________________________________________
First Citizens BancShares, Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
____________________________________________________

Delaware | 56-1528994
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
4300 Six Forks Road, Raleigh, North Carolina | 27609
(Address of principle executive offices) | (Zip code)

(919) 716-7000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
____________________________________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding twelve months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past ninety days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files) Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “larger accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer | x |  | Accelerated filer | ¨
Non-accelerated filer | ¨ |  | Smaller reporting company | ¨
|  |  | Emerging growth company | ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
Class A Common Stock—$1 Par Value—10,805,220 shares
Class B Common Stock—$1 Par Value—1,005,185 shares
(Number of shares outstanding, by class, as of October 31, 2018)

Table of Contents
INDEX

|  | Page No.
PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements |
| Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) | 3
| Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) | 5
| Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited) | 6
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) | 7
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 8
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 41
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 62
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 62
PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 62
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 62
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 63
Item 6. | Exhibits | 63

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PART I

Item 1. | Financial Statements

First Citizens BancShares, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Dollars in thousands, unaudited) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Assets |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 262,525 |  |  | $ | 336,150 |
Overnight investments | 943,025 |  |  | 1,387,927 |
Investment in marketable equity securities | 109,907 |  |  | — |
Investment securities available for sale | 4,677,351 |  |  | 7,180,180 |
Investment securities held to maturity | 2,253,416 |  |  | 76 |
Loans held for sale | 46,082 |  |  | 51,179 |
Loans and leases | 24,886,347 |  |  | 23,596,825 |
Allowance for loan and lease losses | (219,197 | ) |  | (221,893 | )
Net loans and leases | 24,667,150 |  |  | 23,374,932 |
Premises and equipment | 1,167,329 |  |  | 1,138,431 |
Other real estate owned | 43,601 |  |  | 51,097 |
Income earned not collected | 105,616 |  |  | 95,249 |
Goodwill | 208,217 |  |  | 150,601 |
Other intangible assets | 72,748 |  |  | 73,096 |
Other assets | 397,692 |  |  | 688,594 |
Total assets | $ | 34,954,659 |  |  | $ | 34,527,512 |
Liabilities |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing | $ | 12,212,144 |  |  | $ | 11,237,375 |
Interest-bearing | 17,951,393 |  |  | 18,028,900 |
Total deposits | 30,163,537 |  |  | 29,266,275 |
Short-term borrowings | 687,749 |  |  | 693,807 |
Long-term obligations | 297,487 |  |  | 870,240 |
FDIC shared-loss payable | 104,576 |  |  | 101,342 |
Other liabilities | 202,297 |  |  | 261,784 |
Total liabilities | 31,455,646 |  |  | 31,193,448 |
Shareholders’ equity |  |  |
Common stock: |  |  |
Class A - $1 par value (16,000,000 shares authorized; 10,880,220 and 11,005,220 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively) | 10,880 |  |  | 11,005 |
Class B - $1 par value (2,000,000 shares authorized; 1,005,185 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017) | 1,005 |  |  | 1,005 |
Preferred stock - $0.01 par value (10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017) | — |  |  | — |
Surplus | 600,957 |  |  | 658,918 |
Retained earnings | 3,133,746 |  |  | 2,785,430 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (247,575 | ) |  | (122,294 | )
Total shareholders’ equity | 3,499,013 |  |  | 3,334,064 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 34,954,659 |  |  | $ | 34,527,512 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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First Citizens BancShares, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Income

| Three months ended September 30 |  | Nine months ended September 30
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data, unaudited) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Interest income |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans and leases | $ | 272,215 |  |  | $ | 246,260 |  |  | $ | 785,283 |  |  | $ | 708,622 |
Investment securities and dividend income | 38,770 |  |  | 29,706 |  |  | 110,969 |  |  | 89,863 |
Overnight investments | 4,721 |  |  | 8,367 |  |  | 15,932 |  |  | 19,247 |
Total interest income | 315,706 |  |  | 284,333 |  |  | 912,184 |  |  | 817,732 |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | 5,147 |  |  | 3,839 |  |  | 13,424 |  |  | 12,407 |
Short-term borrowings | 685 |  |  | 1,429 |  |  | 2,940 |  |  | 3,185 |
Long-term obligations | 2,512 |  |  | 5,890 |  |  | 7,802 |  |  | 17,013 |
Total interest expense | 8,344 |  |  | 11,158 |  |  | 24,166 |  |  | 32,605 |
Net interest income | 307,362 |  |  | 273,175 |  |  | 888,018 |  |  | 785,127 |
Provision for loan and lease losses | 840 |  |  | 7,946 |  |  | 16,883 |  |  | 28,501 |
Net interest income after provision for loan and lease losses | 306,522 |  |  | 265,229 |  |  | 871,135 |  |  | 756,626 |
Noninterest income |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain on acquisitions | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 134,745 |
Cardholder services, net | 14,678 |  |  | 15,487 |  |  | 44,385 |  |  | 42,848 |
Merchant services, net | 5,857 |  |  | 5,528 |  |  | 18,512 |  |  | 17,085 |
Service charges on deposit accounts | 25,994 |  |  | 25,951 |  |  | 78,489 |  |  | 73,955 |
Wealth management services | 24,459 |  |  | 21,234 |  |  | 73,543 |  |  | 64,116 |
Securities gains, net | — |  |  | 1,337 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,664 |
Marketable equity securities gains, net | 3,854 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,265 |  |  | — |
Other service charges and fees | 7,651 |  |  | 7,073 |  |  | 22,887 |  |  | 21,302 |
Mortgage income | 4,123 |  |  | 6,775 |  |  | 13,063 |  |  | 19,317 |
Insurance commissions | 2,755 |  |  | 2,894 |  |  | 9,471 |  |  | 9,015 |
ATM income | 1,919 |  |  | 2,596 |  |  | 6,307 |  |  | 6,882 |
Gain on extinguishment of debt | 703 |  |  | — |  |  | 26,517 |  |  | — |
Other | 2,538 |  |  | 7,187 |  |  | 15,703 |  |  | 19,421 |
Total noninterest income | 94,531 |  |  | 96,062 |  |  | 318,142 |  |  | 413,350 |
Noninterest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and wages | 133,867 |  |  | 124,888 |  |  | 392,911 |  |  | 363,076 |
Employee benefits | 28,850 |  |  | 25,416 |  |  | 90,656 |  |  | 77,976 |
Occupancy expense | 26,632 |  |  | 26,594 |  |  | 80,686 |  |  | 77,415 |
Equipment expense | 25,880 |  |  | 23,887 |  |  | 76,021 |  |  | 73,129 |
FDIC insurance expense | 5,186 |  |  | 5,449 |  |  | 16,411 |  |  | 16,747 |
Collection and foreclosure-related expenses | 4,269 |  |  | 3,443 |  |  | 12,389 |  |  | 9,582 |
Merger-related expenses | 1,126 |  |  | 562 |  |  | 4,136 |  |  | 8,248 |
Other | 41,727 |  |  | 47,403 |  |  | 128,383 |  |  | 123,216 |
Total noninterest expense | 267,537 |  |  | 257,642 |  |  | 801,593 |  |  | 749,389 |
Income before income taxes | 133,516 |  |  | 103,649 |  |  | 387,684 |  |  | 420,587 |
Income taxes | 16,198 |  |  | 36,585 |  |  | 76,844 |  |  | 151,242 |
Net income | $ | 117,318 |  |  | $ | 67,064 |  |  | $ | 310,840 |  |  | $ | 269,345 |
Average shares outstanding | 11,971,460 |  |  | 12,010,405 |  |  | 11,997,281 |  |  | 12,010,405 |
Net income per share | $ | 9.80 |  |  | $ | 5.58 |  |  | $ | 25.91 |  |  | $ | 22.43 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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First Citizens BancShares, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

| Three months ended September 30 |  | Nine months ended September 30
(Dollars in thousands, unaudited) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Net income | $ | 117,318 |  |  | $ | 67,064 |  |  | $ | 310,840 |  |  | $ | 269,345 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized (losses) gains on securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in unrealized (losses) gains on securities available for sale arising during period | (13,810 | ) |  | 15,752 |  |  | (9,655 | ) |  | 65,619 |
Tax effect | 3,175 |  |  | (5,857 | ) |  | 2,221 |  |  | (24,401 | )
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in income before income taxes | — |  |  | (1,337 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4,664 | )
Tax effect | — |  |  | 495 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,726 |
Total change in unrealized (losses) gains on securities available for sale, net of tax | (10,635 | ) |  | 9,053 |  |  | (7,434 | ) |  | 38,280 |
Unrealized losses on securities available for sale transferred to held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized losses on securities available for sale transferred to held to maturity | — |  |  | — |  |  | (109,507 | ) |  | — |
Tax effect | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25,186 |  |  | — |
Reclassification adjustment for accretion of unrealized losses on securities available for sale transferred to held to maturity | 6,502 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,975 |  |  | — |
Tax effect | (1,495 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,523 | ) |  | — |
Total change in unrealized losses on securities available for sale transferred to held to maturity, net of tax | 5,007 |  |  | — |  |  | (75,869 | ) |  | — |
Change in pension obligation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of actuarial losses and prior service cost | 3,495 |  |  | 2,330 |  |  | 10,486 |  |  | 7,290 |
Tax effect | (804 | ) |  | (864 | ) |  | (2,412 | ) |  | (2,702 | )
Total change in pension obligation, net of tax | 2,691 |  |  | 1,466 |  |  | 8,074 |  |  | 4,588 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income | (2,937 | ) |  | 10,519 |  |  | (75,229 | ) |  | 42,868 |
Total comprehensive income | $ | 114,381 |  |  | $ | 77,583 |  |  | $ | 235,611 |  |  | $ | 312,213 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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First Citizens BancShares, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

(Dollars in thousands, unaudited) | Class A Common Stock |  | Class B Common Stock |  | Surplus |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | 11,005 |  |  | $ | 1,005 |  |  | $ | 658,918 |  |  | $ | 2,476,691 |  |  | $ | (135,192 | ) |  | $ | 3,012,427 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 269,345 |  |  | — |  |  | 269,345 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42,868 |  |  | 42,868 |
Cash dividends ($0.90 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10,809 | ) |  | — |  |  | (10,809 | )
Balance at September 30, 2017 | $ | 11,005 |  |  | $ | 1,005 |  |  | $ | 658,918 |  |  | $ | 2,735,227 |  |  | $ | (92,324 | ) |  | $ | 3,313,831 |
Balance at December 31, 2017 | $ | 11,005 |  |  | $ | 1,005 |  |  | $ | 658,918 |  |  | $ | 2,785,430 |  |  | $ | (122,294 | ) |  | $ | 3,334,064 |
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2016-01 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,716 |  |  | (18,716 | ) |  | — |
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2018-02 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31,336 |  |  | (31,336 | ) |  | — |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 310,840 |  |  | — |  |  | 310,840 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (75,229 | ) |  | (75,229 | )
Repurchase of 125,000 shares of Class A common stock | (125 | ) |  | — |  |  | (57,961 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (58,086 | )
Cash dividends ($1.05 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12,576 | ) |  | — |  |  | (12,576 | )
Balance at September 30, 2018 | $ | 10,880 |  |  | $ | 1,005 |  |  | $ | 600,957 |  |  | $ | 3,133,746 |  |  | $ | (247,575 | ) |  | $ | 3,499,013 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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First Citizens BancShares, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

| Nine months ended September 30
(Dollars in thousands, unaudited) | 2018 |  | 2017
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Net income | $ | 310,840 |  |  | $ | 269,345 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Provision for loan and lease losses | 16,883 |  |  | 28,501 |
Deferred tax expense | 13,642 |  |  | 67,270 |
Net change in current taxes | (21,266 | ) |  | 17,115 |
Depreciation | 71,484 |  |  | 67,749 |
Net (decrease) increase in accrued interest payable | (1,552 | ) |  | 401 |
Net increase in income earned not collected | (7,650 | ) |  | (4,471 | )
Gain on acquisitions | — |  |  | (134,745 | )
Securities gains, net | — |  |  | (4,664 | )
Marketable equity securities gains, net | (9,265 | ) |  | — |
Gain on extinguishment of debt | (26,517 | ) |  | — |
Origination of loans held for sale | (456,193 | ) |  | (471,862 | )
Proceeds from sale of loans held for sale | 468,705 |  |  | 487,017 |
Gain on sale of loans held for sale | (8,640 | ) |  | (11,317 | )
Gain on sale of portfolio loans | — |  |  | (1,007 | )
Net write-downs/losses on other real estate | 3,156 |  |  | 3,152 |
Gain on sales of premises and equipment | (1,450 | ) |  | (490 | )
Net accretion of premiums and discounts | (22,965 | ) |  | (34,535 | )
Amortization of intangible assets | 17,580 |  |  | 16,994 |
Net change in FDIC receivable for shared-loss agreements | — |  |  | 5,799 |
Net change in FDIC payable for shared-loss agreements | 3,234 |  |  | 3,195 |
Net change in other assets | 339,289 |  |  | (9,521 | )
Net change in other liabilities | (53,708 | ) |  | 10,178 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 635,607 |  |  | 304,104 |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Net increase in loans outstanding | (702,356 | ) |  | (771,593 | )
Purchases of investment securities available for sale | (979,495 | ) |  | (1,891,967 | )
Purchases of investment securities held to maturity | (68,699 | ) |  | — |
Purchases of marketable equity securities | (2,818 | ) |  | — |
Proceeds from maturities/calls of investment securities held to maturity | 196,146 |  |  | 20 |
Proceeds from maturities/calls of investment securities available for sale | 946,293 |  |  | 1,436,113 |
Proceeds from sales of investment securities available for sale | 119,273 |  |  | 538,317 |
Proceeds from sales of marketable equity securities | 9,503 |  |  | — |
Net decrease (increase) in overnight investments | 455,295 |  |  | (458,027 | )
Proceeds from sales of portfolio loans | — |  |  | 162,486 |
Cash paid to the FDIC for shared-loss agreements | — |  |  | (7,440 | )
Net cash paid to the FDIC for termination of shared-loss agreements | — |  |  | (285 | )
Proceeds from sales of other real estate | 23,488 |  |  | 31,072 |
Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment | 1,648 |  |  | 2,920 |
Purchases of premises and equipment | (88,270 | ) |  | (60,090 | )
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (106,298 | ) |  | 300,703 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (196,290 | ) |  | (717,771 | )
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Net decrease in time deposits | (218,826 | ) |  | (469,540 | )
Net increase in demand and other interest-bearing deposits | 496,499 |  |  | 538,084 |
Net decrease in short-term borrowings | (127,547 | ) |  | (59,207 | )
Repayment of long-term obligations | (717,370 | ) |  | (6,819 | )
Origination of long-term obligations | 125,000 |  |  | 175,000 |
Repurchase of common stock | (58,086 | ) |  | — |
Cash dividends paid | (12,612 | ) |  | (7,206 | )
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (512,942 | ) |  | 170,312 |
Change in cash and due from banks | (73,625 | ) |  | (243,355 | )
Cash and due from banks at beginning of period | 336,150 |  |  | 539,741 |
Cash and due from banks at end of period | $ | 262,525 |  |  | $ | 296,386 |
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
Transfers of loans to other real estate | $ | 17,013 |  |  | $ | 26,926 |
Dividends declared but not paid | 4,168 |  |  | 3,603 |
Reclassification of portfolio loans (from) to loans held for sale | (2,016 | ) |  | 161,719 |
Transfer of investment securities available for sale to held to maturity | 2,485,761 |  |  | — |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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First Citizens BancShares, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE A - ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
First Citizens BancShares, Inc. (BancShares) is a financial holding company organized under the laws of Delaware and conducts operations through its banking subsidiary, First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company (FCB), which is headquartered in Raleigh, North Carolina.
General
These consolidated financial statements and notes thereto are presented in accordance with instructions for Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X and, therefore, do not include all information and notes necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flow activity required in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). In the opinion of management, all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial position and consolidated results of operations have been made. The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes to consolidated financial statements included in BancShares' Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Reclassifications
In certain instances, amounts reported in prior years' consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current financial statement presentation. Such reclassifications had no effect on previously reported cash flows, shareholders' equity or net income.
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and different assumptions in the application of these policies could result in material changes in BancShares' consolidated financial position, the consolidated results of its operations or related disclosures. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change include:

• | Allowance for loan and lease losses;

• | Fair value of financial instruments, including acquired assets and assumed liabilities;

• | Pension plan assumptions;

• | Cash flow estimates on purchased credit-impaired (PCI) loans;

• | Goodwill and other intangible assets;

• | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) shared-loss payable; and

• | Income tax assets, liabilities and expense

Income Taxes
Income tax expense was $16.2 million and $36.6 million for the third quarter of 2018 and third quarter of 2017, representing effective tax rates of 12.1 percent and 35.3 percent during the respective periods. Income tax expense was $76.8 million and $151.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, representing effective tax rates of 19.8 percent and 36.0 percent for the respective nine month periods. The income tax expense and effective tax rate decreases during the reported periods in 2018 compared to those in 2017 were primarily due to the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (Tax Act), which reduced the federal tax rate from 35.0 percent to 21.0 percent. Additional information was obtained in the third quarter of 2018 affecting the provisional amount initially recorded for the quarter ended December 31, 2017 to account for the effects of the Tax Act. The nature of the additional information primarily relates to a decision made by BancShares to accelerate deductions in its 2017 tax return which were effectuated by making an additional contribution to its pension plan and requesting an automatic change in its tax accounting method related to depreciation. As a result, a tax benefit of $15.7 million was recorded in the third quarter of 2018. The ultimate impact will be finalized in the fourth quarter and may differ due to additional analysis, changes in interpretations and assumptions as well as additional regulatory guidance that may be issued.
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Per Share Data
During the third quarter of 2018, BancShares repurchased 125,000 shares of Class A common stock, of which 100,000 shares were repurchased from a related party, for approximately $58.1 million at an average cost per share of $464.68. Subsequent to quarter-end and through October 31, 2018, BancShares repurchased an additional 75,000 shares of Class A common stock for approximately $32.9 million at an average cost per share of $438.26. All of these shares were repurchased under the previously approved Board of Directors' (Board) authority that expires on October 31, 2018.
Share Repurchase Authority
On October 23, 2018, BancShares' Board of Directors authorized the purchase of up to 800,000 shares of BancShares' Class A common stock. Under that authority, BancShares may purchase shares from time to time from November 1, 2018 through October 31, 2019, on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, and it may enter into a stock trading plan pursuant to the guidelines specified under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The Board's action replaces existing authority to purchase shares approved during 2017 and that expires on October 31, 2018. It does not obligate BancShares to purchase any particular amount of shares, and purchases may be suspended or discontinued at any time.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
FASB ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
This ASU requires a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the newly enacted federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Act, which was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Tax Act included a reduction to the corporate income tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent effective January 1, 2018. The amount of the reclassification is the difference between the historical corporate income tax rate and the newly enacted 21 percent corporate income tax rate.
The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We adopted the guidance effective in the first quarter of 2018. The change in accounting principle was accounted for as a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet resulting in a $31.3 million increase to retained earnings and a corresponding decrease to AOCI on January 1, 2018.
FASB ASU 2017-07, Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost
This ASU requires employers to present the service cost component of the net periodic benefit cost in the same income statement line item as other employee compensation costs arising from services rendered during the period. Employers will present the other components separately from the line item that includes the service cost. In addition, only the service cost component of net benefit cost is eligible for capitalization.
The amendments in this ASU are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We adopted the guidance effective in the first quarter of 2018. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or consolidated results of operations.
FASB ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
This ASU addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of certain financial instruments. The amendments in this ASU (1) require most equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income; (2) simplify the impairment assessment of equity investments without a readily determinable fair value; (3) eliminate the requirement to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet; (4) require public business entities to use exit price notion, rather than entry prices, when measuring fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes; (5) require separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial assets on the balance sheet or the accompanying notes to the financial statements; (6) require separate presentation in other comprehensive income of the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the organization has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments; and (7) state that a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets related to available-for-sale securities should be evaluated in combination with other deferred tax assets.
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The amendments in this ASU are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We adopted the guidance effective in the first quarter of 2018. The change in accounting principle was accounted for as a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet resulting in an $18.7 million increase to retained earnings and a decrease to AOCI on January 1, 2018. With the adoption of this ASU, equity securities can no longer be classified as available for sale; as such, marketable equity securities are disclosed as a separate line item on the balance sheet with changes in the fair value of equity securities reflected in net income.
For equity investments without a readily determinable fair value, BancShares has elected to measure the equity investments using the measurement alternative which requires BancShares to make a qualitative assessment of whether the investment is impaired at each reporting period. Under the measurement alternative these investments will be measured at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. If a qualitative assessment indicates that the investment is impaired, BancShares will estimate the investment's fair value in accordance with ASC 820 and, if the fair value is less than the investment's carrying value, recognize an impairment loss in net income equal to the difference between carrying value and fair value. Equity investments without a readily determinable fair value are recorded within other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
FASB ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)
In May 2014, the FASB issued a standard on the recognition of revenue from contracts with customers with the core principle being for a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in amounts that reflect the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The new standard, which provides a five step model to determine when and how revenue is recognized, also results in enhanced disclosures about revenue, provides guidance for transactions that were not previously addressed comprehensively and improves guidance for multiple-element arrangements.
Per ASU 2015-14, Deferral of the Effective Date, this guidance was deferred and is effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. We adopted the guidance effective in the first quarter of 2018. Our revenue is comprised primarily of net interest income on financial assets and liabilities, which is explicitly excluded from the scope of the new guidance, and noninterest income. The contracts that are in scope of the guidance are primarily related to cardholder and merchant services income, service charges on deposit accounts, wealth management services income, other service charges and fees, insurance commissions, ATM income, sales of other real estate and other. Based on our overall assessment of revenue streams and review of related contracts affected by the ASU, the adoption of this guidance did not change the method in which we currently recognize revenue.
We also completed an evaluation of the costs related to these revenue streams to determine whether such costs should be presented as expenses or contra-revenue (i.e., gross vs. net). Based on this evaluation, we determined that the classification of cardholder and merchant processing costs as well as expenses for cardholder reward programs should be netted against cardholder and merchant services income. We used the full retrospective method of adoption and restated the prior financial statements to net the cardholder and merchant processing costs against the related cardholder and merchant services income. These classification changes resulted in changes to both noninterest income and noninterest expense, however, there was no change to previously reported net income. Merchant processing expenses of $20.4 million and $60.4 million have been reclassified and reported as a component of merchant services income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. Cardholder processing expenses of $7.7 million and cardholder reward programs expense of $1.3 million have been reclassified and reported as a component of cardholder services income for the three months ended September 30, 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, cardholder processing expenses of $20.3 million and cardholder reward programs expense of $6.8 million were reclassified and reported as a component of cardholder services income.
Revenue Recognition
The standard requires disclosure of qualitative and quantitative information surrounding the amount, nature, timing and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. Descriptions of our noninterest revenue-generating activities that are within the scope of the new revenue ASU is broadly segregated as follows:
Cardholder and Merchant Services - These represent interchange fees from customer debit and credit card transactions that are earned at the time a cardholder engages in a transaction with a merchant as well as fees charged to merchants for providing them the ability to accept and process the debit and credit card transaction. Revenue is recognized when the performance obligation has been met as it is satisfied upon the completion of the card transaction. Additionally, ASU 2014-09 requires costs associated with cardholder and merchant services transactions to be netted against the fee income from such transactions when an entity is acting as an agent in providing services to a customer.
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Service Charges on Deposit Accounts - These deposit account-related fees represent monthly account maintenance and transaction-based service fees such as overdraft fees, stop payment fees and charges for issuing cashier's checks and money orders. For account maintenance services, revenue is recognized at the end of the statement period when our performance obligation has been satisfied. All other revenues from transaction-based services are recognized at a point in time when the performance obligation has been completed.
Wealth Management Services - These primarily represent annuity fees, sales commissions, management fees, insurance sales, and trust and asset management fees. The performance obligation for wealth management services is the provision of services to place annuity products issued by the counterparty to investors, and the provision of services to manage the client’s assets, including brokerage custodial and other management services. Revenue from wealth management services is recognized over the period in which services are performed, and is based on a percentage of the value of the assets under management/administration. This revenue is either fixed or variable based on account type, or transaction-based.
Other Service Charges and Fees - These include, but are not limited to, check cashing fees, international banking fees, internet banking fees, wire transfer fees and safe deposit fees. These fees are charged, and revenue is recognized, at the point in time the requested service is provided to the customer thus satisfying our performance obligation.
Insurance Commissions - These represent commissions earned on the issuance of insurance products and services. The performance obligation is generally satisfied upon the issuance of the insurance policy and revenue is recognized when the commission payment is remitted by the insurance carrier or policy holder depending on if the billing is performed by FCB or the carrier.
ATM Income - These represent fees imposed on customers and non-customers for engaging in an ATM transaction. Revenue is recognized at the time of the transaction as the performance obligation of rendering the ATM service has been met.
Sales of Other Real Estate - ORE property consists of foreclosed real estate used as collateral for loans, closed branches, land acquired and no longer intended for future use by FCB, and other real estate purchased for resale as ORE. Revenue is generally recognized on the date of sale where the performance obligation of providing access and transferring control of the specified ORE property to the buyer in good faith and good title is satisfied. This is recorded as a component of other noninterest income.
Other - This consists of several forms of recurring revenue such as external rental income, parking income, FHLB dividends, and income earned on changes in the cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance, all of which are outside the scope of ASU 2014-09. The remaining miscellaneous income is the result of immaterial transactions where revenue is recognized when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
FASB ASU 2018-15 - Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract
This ASU aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include internal-use software license). This ASU requires entities to use the guidance in FASB ASC 350-40, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal Use Software, to determine whether to capitalize or expense implementation costs related to the service contract. This ASU also requires entities to (1) expense capitalized implementation costs of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract over the term of the hosting arrangement (2) present the expense related to the capitalized implementation costs in the same line item on the income statement as fees associated with the hosting element of the arrangement (3) classify payments for capitalized implementation costs in the statement of cash flows in the same manner as payments made for fees associated with the hosting element (4) present the capitalized implementation costs in the same balance sheet line item that a prepayment for the fees associated with the hosting arrangement would be presented.
The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. BancShares will adopt the amendments in this ASU during the first quarter of 2020. BancShares is currently evaluating the impact this new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and the magnitude of the impact has not yet been determined.
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FASB ASU 2018-14 - Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans
This ASU modifies the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans by eliminating the requirement to disclose the amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year and adding a requirement to disclose an explanation of the reasons for significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation for the period.
The amendments in this ASU are effective for public entities for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted for all entities. BancShares will adopt all applicable amendments and update the disclosures as appropriate during the first quarter of 2021.
FASB ASU 2018-13 - Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement
This ASU modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements by eliminating the requirements to disclose (1) the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy (2) the policy for timing of transfers between levels and (3) the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. This ASU also added specific disclosure requirements for fair value measurements for public entities including the requirement to disclose the changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements and the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements.
The amendments in this ASU are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and all interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted upon issuance of the ASU. Entities are permitted to early adopt amendments that remove or modify disclosures and delay the adoption of the additional disclosures until their effective date. BancShares will adopt all applicable amendments and update the disclosures as appropriate during the first quarter of 2020.
FASB ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment
This ASU eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under Step 2, an entity had to perform procedures to determine the fair value at the impairment testing date of its assets and liabilities (including unrecognized assets and liabilities) following the procedure that would be required in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Instead, under the amendments in this ASU, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Additionally, an entity should consider income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. This ASU eliminates the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative test.
This ASU will be effective for BancShares' annual or interim goodwill impairment tests for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. We expect to adopt the guidance for our annual impairment test in fiscal year 2020. BancShares does not anticipate any impact to our consolidated financial position or consolidated results of operations as a result of the adoption.
FASB ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
This ASU eliminates the delayed recognition of the full amount of credit losses until the loss was probable of occurring and instead will reflect an entity's current estimate of all expected credit losses. The amendments in this ASU broaden the information that an entity must consider in developing its expected credit loss estimate for assets measured either collectively or individually. The ASU does not specify a method for measuring expected credit losses and allows an entity to apply methods that reasonably reflect its expectations of the credit loss estimate based on the entity's size, complexity and risk profile. In addition, the disclosures of credit quality indicators in relation to the amortized cost of financing receivables, a current disclosure requirement, are further disaggregated by year of origination.
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The amendments in this ASU are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. BancShares will adopt the guidance by the first quarter of 2020 with a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the year of adoption. For BancShares, the standard will apply to loans, unfunded loan commitments and debt securities. A cross-functional team co-led by Corporate Finance and Risk Management is in place to implement the new standard. The team continues to work on critical activities such as building models, documenting accounting policies, reviewing data quality, and implementing a reporting and disclosure solution. BancShares continues to evaluate the impact the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements but the magnitude of this impact has not been determined. The final impact will be dependent, among other items, on loan portfolio composition and credit quality at the adoption date, as well as economic conditions, financial models used and forecasts at that time.
FASB ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842)
This ASU increases transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The key difference between existing standards and this ASU is the requirement for lessees to recognize all lease contracts on their balance sheet. This ASU requires lessees to classify leases as either operating or finance leases, which are substantially similar to the current operating and capital leases classifications. The distinction between these two classifications under the new standard does not relate to balance sheet treatment, but relates to treatment in the statements of income and cash flows. Lessor guidance remains largely unchanged with the exception of how a lessor determines the appropriate lease classification for each lease to better align the lessor guidance with revised lessee classification guidance.
The amendments in this ASU are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We will adopt during the first quarter of 2019. We expect an increase to the Consolidated Balance Sheets for right-of-use assets and associated lease liabilities, as well as resulting depreciation expense of the right-of-use assets and interest expense of the lease liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Income, for arrangements previously accounted for as operating leases. Additionally, adding these assets to our balance sheet will impact our total risk-weighted assets used to determine our regulatory capital levels. Our impact analysis on this change in accounting principle estimates an increase to the Consolidated Balance Sheets for total lease liability ranging between $65.0 million and $85.0 million, as the initial gross up of both assets and liabilities. Capital is expected to be adversely impacted by an estimated four to six basis points. These are preliminary estimates subject to change and will continue to be refined closer to adoption.
NOTE B - BUSINESS COMBINATIONS
Palmetto Heritage Bancshares, Inc.
On November 1, 2018, FCB completed the merger of Pawley's Island, South Carolina-based Palmetto Heritage Bancshares, Inc. (Palmetto Heritage) and its subsidiary, Palmetto Heritage Bank & Trust, into FCB. Under the terms of the agreement, cash consideration of $135.00 per share was paid to the shareholders of Palmetto Heritage for each share of Palmetto Heritage's common stock with total consideration paid of $30.4 million. The transaction was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. The merger allowed FCB to expand its presence and enhance banking efforts in the South Carolina coastal markets. As of September 30, 2018, Palmetto Heritage reported $164.9 million in consolidated assets, $136.4 million in loans and $123.1 million in deposits.
Capital Commerce Bancorp, Inc.
On October 2, 2018, FCB completed the merger of Milwaukee, Wisconsin-based Capital Commerce Bancorp, Inc. (Capital Commerce) and its subsidiary, Securant Bank & Trust, into FCB. Under the terms of the agreement, cash consideration of $4.75 per share was paid to the shareholders of Capital Commerce for each share of Capital Commerce's common stock totaling approximately $28.1 million. The transaction was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. The merger allowed FCB to expand its presence and enhance banking efforts in the Milwaukee market. As of September 30, 2018, Capital Commerce reported $222.3 million in consolidated assets, $189.6 million in loans and $171.9 million in deposits.
HomeBancorp, Inc.
On May 1, 2018, FCB completed the merger of Tampa, Florida-based HomeBancorp, Inc. (HomeBancorp) and its subsidiary, HomeBanc, into FCB. Under the terms of the merger agreement, cash consideration of $15.03 was paid to the shareholders of HomeBancorp for each share of HomeBancorp's common stock and total consideration was $112.7 million. The merger allowed FCB to expand its footprint in Florida by entering into two new markets in Tampa and Orlando.
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The HomeBancorp transaction was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting and, accordingly, assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their estimated fair values on the acquisition date. Fair values are preliminary and subject to refinement for up to one year after the closing date of the acquisition as additional information regarding closing date fair values becomes available.
The fair value of the assets acquired was $842.7 million, including $550.6 million in non-purchased credit impaired (non-PCI) loans, $15.6 million in purchased credit impaired (PCI) loans and $9.9 million in a core deposit intangible. Liabilities assumed were $787.7 million, of which $619.6 million were deposits. As a result of the transaction, FCB recorded $57.6 million of goodwill. The amount of goodwill represents the excess purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired. The premium paid reflects the increased market share and related synergies that are expected to result from the acquisition. None of the goodwill is deductible for income tax purposes as the merger is accounted for as a qualified stock purchase.
Based on such credit factors as past due status, nonaccrual status, loan-to-value, credit scores, and other quantitative and qualitative considerations, the acquired loans were separated into loans with evidence of credit deterioration, which are accounted for under ASC 310-30 (PCI loans), and loans that do not meet this criteria, which are accounted for under ASC 310-20 (non-PCI loans).
The following table provides the purchase price as of the acquisition date and the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values.

(Dollars in thousands) | As recorded by FCB
Purchase Price |  |  | $ | 112,657 |
Assets |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 6,359 |  |  |
Overnight investments | 10,393 |  |  |
Investment securities | 200,918 |  |  |
Loans held for sale | 791 |  |  |
Loans | 566,173 |  |  |
Premises and equipment | 6,542 |  |  |
Other real estate owned | 2,135 |  |  |
Income earned not collected | 2,717 |  |  |
Intangible assets | 13,206 |  |  |
Other assets | 33,459 |  |  |
Total assets acquired | 842,693 |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |
Deposits | 619,589 |  |  |
Short-term borrowings | 108,973 |  |  |
Accrued interest payable | 1,020 |  |  |
Long-term obligations | 52,944 |  |  |
Other liabilities | 5,126 |  |  |
Total liabilities assumed | $ | 787,652 |  |  |
Fair value of net assets assumed |  |  | 55,041 |
Goodwill recorded for HomeBancorp |  |  | $ | 57,616 |

Merger-related expenses of $210 thousand and $1.9 million were recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. Loan-related interest income generated from HomeBancorp was approximately $6.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and $11.8 million since the acquisition date. The ongoing contributions of this transaction to BancShares' financial statements is not considered material, and therefore pro forma financial data is not included.
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NOTE C - INVESTMENTS
The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities classified as available for sale and held to maturity at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, were as follows:

| September 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands) | Cost |  | Gross unrealized gains |  | Gross unrealized losses |  | Fair value
Investment securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury | $ | 1,509,432 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,998 |  |  | $ | 1,505,434 |
Government agency | 127,911 |  |  | 108 |  |  | 474 |  |  | 127,545 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 3,004,219 |  |  | 891 |  |  | 85,314 |  |  | 2,919,796 |
Corporate bonds | 119,717 |  |  | 413 |  |  | 197 |  |  | 119,933 |
Other | 4,553 |  |  | 90 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,643 |
Total investment securities available for sale | $ | 4,765,832 |  |  | $ | 1,502 |  |  | $ | 89,983 |  |  | $ | 4,677,351 |
| December 31, 2017
| Cost |  | Gross unrealized gains |  | Gross unrealized losses |  | Fair value
Investment securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury | $ | 1,658,410 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 546 |  |  | $ | 1,657,864 |
Government agency | 8,695 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 8,670 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 5,419,379 |  |  | 1,529 |  |  | 80,152 |  |  | 5,340,756 |
Equity securities | 75,471 |  |  | 29,737 |  |  | — |  |  | 105,208 |
Corporate bonds | 59,414 |  |  | 557 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 59,963 |
Other | 7,645 |  |  | 256 |  |  | 182 |  |  | 7,719 |
Total investment securities available for sale | $ | 7,229,014 |  |  | $ | 32,094 |  |  | $ | 80,928 |  |  | $ | 7,180,180 |
| September 30, 2018
| Cost |  | Gross unrealized gains |  | Gross unrealized losses |  | Fair value
Investment securities held to maturity |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities | $ | 2,253,416 |  |  | $ | 441 |  |  | $ | 15,193 |  |  | $ | 2,238,664 |
| December 31, 2017
| Cost |  | Gross unrealized gains |  | Gross unrealized losses |  | Fair value
Investment securities held to maturity |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities | $ | 76 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 81 |

As a result of adopting ASU 2016-01 in the first quarter of 2018, investments in marketable equity securities are no longer classified as investments available for sale. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we had $109.9 million and $105.2 million, respectively, in marketable equity securities recorded at fair value. Prior to January 1, 2018 equity securities were classified as available for sale and stated at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive income. A cumulative-effect adjustment of $18.7 million was recorded on January 1, 2018 to reclassify the net unrealized gains from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings with subsequent changes in fair value recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
On May 1, 2018, mortgage-backed securities with an amortized cost of $2.49 billion were transferred from investments available for sale to the held to maturity portfolio. At the time of transfer, the mortgage-backed securities had a fair value of $2.38 billion and a weighted average contractual maturity of 13 years. The unrealized loss on these securities at the date of transfer was $109.5 million and continues to be reported as a component of AOCI. This unrealized loss will be accreted over the remaining expected life of the securities as an adjustment of yield and is offset by the amortization of the corresponding discount on the transferred securities. FCB has the intent and ability to retain these securities until maturity.
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Investments in mortgage-backed securities represent securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association, Federal National Mortgage Association and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation. Investments in government agency securities represent securities issued by the United States Small Business Administration. Investments in corporate bonds and marketable equity securities represent positions in securities of other financial institutions. Other investments include trust preferred securities of financial institutions. BancShares holds approximately 298,000 shares of Visa Class B common stock. BancShares' Visa Class B shares are not considered to have a readily determinable fair value and are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at $0 fair value.
The following table provides the amortized cost and fair value by contractual maturity. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities on certain securities because borrowers and issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties. Repayments of mortgage-backed securities are dependent on the repayments of the underlying loan balances, while repayments of certain corporate bonds are subject to call provisions that can be exercised by the issuer at their discretion.

| September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) | Cost |  | Fair value |  | Cost |  | Fair value
Investment securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-amortizing securities maturing in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One year or less | $ | 1,260,166 |  |  | $ | 1,256,660 |  |  | $ | 808,768 |  |  | $ | 808,301 |
One through five years | 249,267 |  |  | 248,775 |  |  | 849,642 |  |  | 849,563 |
Five through 10 years | 119,717 |  |  | 119,932 |  |  | 59,414 |  |  | 59,963 |
Over 10 years | 4,552 |  |  | 4,643 |  |  | 7,645 |  |  | 7,719 |
Government agency | 127,911 |  |  | 127,545 |  |  | 8,695 |  |  | 8,670 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 3,004,219 |  |  | 2,919,796 |  |  | 5,419,379 |  |  | 5,340,756 |
Equity securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 75,471 |  |  | 105,208 |
Total investment securities available for sale | $ | 4,765,832 |  |  | $ | 4,677,351 |  |  | $ | 7,229,014 |  |  | $ | 7,180,180 |
Investment securities held to maturity |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities held to maturity | $ | 2,253,416 |  |  | $ | 2,238,664 |  |  | $ | 76 |  |  | $ | 81 |

There were no gross gains or losses on sales of investment securities available for sale for the three or nine months ended September 30, 2018. Gross gains on sales of investment securities available for sale was $1.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017. There were no gross losses on sales of investment securities available for sale during this period. Gross gains and gross losses on sales of investment securities available for sale were $4.7 million and $29 thousand, respectively for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

The following table provides the realized and unrealized gains or losses on marketable equity securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.

(Dollars in thousands) | Three months ended September 30, 2018 |  | Nine months ended September 30, 2018
Marketable equity securities gains, net | $ | 3,854 |  |  | $ | 9,265 |
Less net gains recognized on marketable equity securities sold | 946 |  |  | 1,181 |
Unrealized gains recognized on marketable equity securities held | $ | 2,908 |  |  | $ | 8,084 |

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The following table provides information regarding securities with unrealized losses as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

| September 30, 2018
| Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or more |  | Total
(Dollars in thousands) | Fair value |  | Unrealized losses |  | Fair value |  | Unrealized losses |  | Fair value |  | Unrealized losses
Investment securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury | $ | 1,495,438 |  |  | $ | 3,996 |  |  | $ | 9,996 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 1,505,434 |  |  | $ | 3,998 |
Government agency | 103,883 |  |  | 432 |  |  | 2,707 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 106,590 |  |  | 474 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 1,228,345 |  |  | 24,796 |  |  | 1,498,593 |  |  | 60,518 |  |  | 2,726,938 |  |  | 85,314 |
Corporate bonds | 18,715 |  |  | 173 |  |  | 5,000 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 23,715 |  |  | 197 |
Total | $ | 2,846,381 |  |  | $ | 29,397 |  |  | $ | 1,516,296 |  |  | $ | 60,586 |  |  | $ | 4,362,677 |  |  | $ | 89,983 |
Investment securities held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities | $ | 2,124,316 |  |  | $ | 14,907 |  |  | $ | 10,549 |  |  | $ | 286 |  |  | $ | 2,134,865 |  |  | $ | 15,193 |
| December 31, 2017
| Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or more |  | Total
| Fair value |  | Unrealized losses |  | Fair value |  | Unrealized losses |  | Fair value |  | Unrealized losses
Investment securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury | $ | 1,408,166 |  |  | $ | 345 |  |  | $ | 249,698 |  |  | $ | 201 |  |  | $ | 1,657,864 |  |  | $ | 546 |
Government agency | 848 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 2,527 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 3,375 |  |  | 40 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 2,333,254 |  |  | 20,911 |  |  | 2,723,406 |  |  | 59,241 |  |  | 5,056,660 |  |  | 80,152 |
Corporate bonds | 5,025 |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,025 |  |  | 8 |
Other | 5,349 |  |  | 182 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,349 |  |  | 182 |
Total | $ | 3,752,642 |  |  | $ | 21,458 |  |  | $ | 2,975,631 |  |  | $ | 59,470 |  |  | $ | 6,728,273 |  |  | $ | 80,928 |

As of September 30, 2018, there were 185 investment securities available for sale that had continuous losses for more than 12 months of which 183 are government sponsored enterprise-issued mortgage-backed securities or government agency securities, 1 is a U.S. Treasury security and 1 is a corporate bond. There were 2 investment securities held to maturity, which were government sponsored enterprise-issued mortgage securities, that had continuous losses for more than 12 months at September 30, 2018.
None of the unrealized losses identified as of September 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017 relate to the marketability of the securities or the issuers' ability to honor redemption obligations. Rather, the unrealized losses relate to changes in interest rates relative to when the debt securities were purchased. BancShares has the ability and intent to retain these securities for a period of time sufficient to recover all unrealized losses. Therefore, none of the securities were deemed to be other than temporarily impaired.
Debt securities having an aggregate carrying value of $3.53 billion at September 30, 2018 and $4.59 billion at December 31, 2017 were pledged as collateral to secure public funds on deposit and certain short-term borrowings, and for other purposes as required by law.
NOTE D - LOANS AND LEASES
BancShares' accounting methods for loans and leases differ depending on whether they are non-PCI or PCI. Loans that are originated by FCB and loans that are performing under their contractual obligations at acquisition are Non-PCI. Loans that show evidence of deterioration in credit quality at acquisition are PCI. Acquired loans are recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition, with no corresponding allowance for loan and lease losses.
The non-PCI portfolio is divided into commercial and non-commercial based on the type of borrower, purpose, collateral, and/or our underlying credit management processes. Additionally, commercial and non-commercial loans are assigned to loan classes, which further disaggregate loans based upon common risk characteristics.
Commercial – Commercial loan classes include construction and land development, commercial mortgage, other commercial real estate, commercial and industrial, lease financing and other.
Construction and land development – Construction and land development consists of loans to finance land for development, investment, and use in a commercial business enterprise; multifamily apartments; and other commercial buildings that may be owner-occupied or income generating investments for the owner.
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Commercial mortgage – Commercial mortgage consists of loans to purchase or refinance owner-occupied nonresidential and investment properties. Investment properties include office buildings and other facilities that are rented or leased to unrelated parties.
Other commercial real estate – Other commercial real estate consists of loans secured by farmland (including residential farms and other improvements) and multifamily (5 or more) residential properties.
Commercial and industrial – Commercial and industrial consists of loans or lines of credit to finance corporate credit cards, accounts receivable, inventory and other general business purposes.
Lease financing – Lease financing consists solely of lease financing agreements for business equipment, vehicles and other assets.
Other – Other consists of all other commercial loans not classified in one of the preceding classes. These typically include loans to non-profit organizations such as churches, hospitals, educational and charitable organizations, and certain loans repurchased with government guarantees.
Noncommercial – Noncommercial loan classes consist of residential and revolving mortgage, construction and land development, and consumer loans.
Residential mortgage – Residential real estate consists of loans to purchase, construct or refinance the borrower's primary dwelling, second residence or vacation home.
Revolving mortgage – Revolving mortgage consists of home equity lines of credit that are secured by first or second liens on the borrower's primary residence.
Construction and land development – Construction and land development consists of loans to construct the borrower's primary or secondary residence or vacant land upon which the owner intends to construct a dwelling at a future date.
Consumer – Consumer loans consist of installment loans to finance purchases of vehicles, unsecured home improvements, student loans and revolving lines of credit that can be secured or unsecured, including personal credit cards.
Loans and leases outstanding included the following at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

(Dollars in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Non-PCI loans and leases: |  |  |
Commercial: |  |  |
Construction and land development | $ | 679,203 |  |  | $ | 669,215 |
Commercial mortgage | 10,486,372 |  |  | 9,729,022 |
Other commercial real estate | 471,532 |  |  | 473,433 |
Commercial and industrial | 3,189,337 |  |  | 2,730,407 |
Lease financing | 616,951 |  |  | 894,801 |
Other | 296,988 |  |  | 302,176 |
Total commercial loans | 15,740,383 |  |  | 14,799,054 |
Noncommercial: |  |  |
Residential mortgage | 4,073,235 |  |  | 3,523,786 |
Revolving mortgage | 2,570,096 |  |  | 2,701,525 |
Construction and land development | 241,436 |  |  | 248,289 |
Consumer | 1,623,179 |  |  | 1,561,173 |
Total noncommercial loans | 8,507,946 |  |  | 8,034,773 |
Total non-PCI loans and leases | 24,248,329 |  |  | 22,833,827 |
PCI loans: |  |  |
Total PCI loans | 638,018 |  |  | 762,998 |
Total loans and leases | $ | 24,886,347 |  |  | $ | 23,596,825 |

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At September 30, 2018, $9.07 billion in noncovered loans with a lendable collateral value of $6.34 billion were used to secure $264.7 million in Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) of Atlanta advances, resulting in additional borrowing capacity of $6.08 billion. At December 31, 2017, $8.75 billion in noncovered loans with a lendable collateral value of $6.08 billion were used to secure $835.2 million in FHLB of Atlanta advances, resulting in additional borrowing capacity of $5.24 billion. At September 30, 2018, $2.91 billion in noncovered loans with a lendable collateral value of $2.20 billion were used to secure additional borrowing capacity at the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB). At December 31, 2017, $2.77 billion in noncovered loans with a lendable collateral value of $2.08 billion were used to secure additional borrowing capacity at the FRB.
Certain residential real estate loans are originated to be sold to investors and are recorded in loans held for sale at fair value. Loans held for sale totaled $46.1 million and $51.2 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. In addition, we may change our strategy for certain portfolio loans and sell them in the secondary market. At that time, portfolio loans are transferred to loans held for sale at the lower of amortized cost or market.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, total proceeds from sales of loans held for sale were $165.9 million and $468.7 million, respectively, and there were no transfers to loans held for sale from the residential mortgage portfolio for either period. For the three months ended September 30, 2017, total proceeds from sales of loans held for sale were $307.4 million of which $130.2 million in sales were transferred to loans held for sale from the residential mortgage portfolio, resulting in a gain of $843 thousand. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, total proceeds from sales of loans held for sale were $649.5 million of which $162.5 million in sales were transferred to loans held for sale from the residential mortgage portfolio, resulting in a gain of $1.0 million.
Net deferred fees on originated non-PCI loans and leases, including unearned income as well as unamortized costs and fees, were $196 thousand and $1.7 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The unamortized discount related to purchased non-PCI loans and leases in the HomeBancorp, Guaranty Bank (Guaranty), Cordia Bancorp Inc. (Cordia) and First Citizens Bancorporation, Inc. (Bancorporation) acquisitions was $6.7 million, $11.4 million, $1.5 million and $13.3 million, respectively, at September 30, 2018. At December 31, 2017, the unamortized discount related to purchased non-PCI loans and leases from the Guaranty, Cordia and Bancorporation acquisitions was $14.2 million, $2.7 million and $18.1 million, respectively. During the three months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, accretion income on purchased non-PCI loans and leases was $2.9 million and $4.2 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, accretion income on purchased non-PCI loans and leases was $9.9 million and $10.2 million, respectively.
Credit quality indicators
Loans and leases are monitored for credit quality on a recurring basis. The credit quality indicators used are dependent on the portfolio segment to which the loan relates. Commercial and noncommercial loans and leases have different credit quality indicators as a result of the unique characteristics of the loan segment being evaluated. The credit quality indicators for non-PCI and PCI commercial loans and leases are developed through a review of individual borrowers on an ongoing basis. Commercial loans are evaluated periodically with more frequent evaluations done on more severely criticized loans or leases. The credit quality indicators for non-PCI and PCI noncommercial loans are based on the delinquency status of the borrower. As the borrower becomes more delinquent, the likelihood of loss increases. The indicators represent the rating for loans or leases as of the date presented based on the most recent assessment performed. These credit quality indicators are defined as follows:
Pass – A pass rated asset is not adversely classified because it does not display any of the characteristics for adverse classification.
Special mention – A special mention asset has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, such potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects or collateral position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not warrant adverse classification.
Substandard – A substandard asset is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets classified as substandard generally have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. These assets are characterized by the distinct possibility of loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
Doubtful – An asset classified as doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in an asset classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values.
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Loss – Assets classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that it is inappropriate to be carried as an asset. This classification is not necessarily equivalent to any potential for recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not appropriate to defer a full charge-off even though partial recovery may be affected in the future.
Ungraded – Ungraded loans represent loans that are not included in the individual credit grading process due to their relatively small balances or borrower type. The majority of ungraded loans at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 relate to business credit cards. Business credit card loans are subject to automatic charge-off when they become 120 days past due in the same manner as unsecured consumer lines of credit. The remaining balance is comprised of a small amount of commercial mortgage, lease financing and other commercial real estate loans.
Non-PCI loans and leases outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 by credit quality indicator are provided below:

| September 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands) | Non-PCI commercial loans and leases
Grade: | Construction and land development |  | Commercial mortgage |  | Other commercial real estate |  | Commercial and industrial |  | Lease financing |  | Other |  | Total non-PCI commercial loans and leases
Pass | $ | 675,138 |  |  | $ | 10,287,536 |  |  | $ | 466,685 |  |  | $ | 2,948,053 |  |  | $ | 611,413 |  |  | $ | 294,358 |  |  | $ | 15,283,183 |
Special mention | 1,333 |  |  | 95,843 |  |  | 2,311 |  |  | 35,171 |  |  | 2,382 |  |  | 1,038 |  |  | 138,078 |
Substandard | 2,566 |  |  | 101,384 |  |  | 2,536 |  |  | 25,489 |  |  | 3,156 |  |  | 1,592 |  |  | 136,723 |
Doubtful | — |  |  | 969 |  |  | — |  |  | 390 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,359 |
Ungraded | 166 |  |  | 640 |  |  | — |  |  | 180,234 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 181,040 |
Total | $ | 679,203 |  |  | $ | 10,486,372 |  |  | $ | 471,532 |  |  | $ | 3,189,337 |  |  | $ | 616,951 |  |  | $ | 296,988 |  |  | $ | 15,740,383 |
| December 31, 2017
| Non-PCI commercial loans and leases
| Construction and land development |  | Commercial mortgage |  | Other commercial real estate |  | Commercial and industrial |  | Lease financing |  | Other |  | Total non-PCI commercial loans and leases
Pass | $ | 665,197 |  |  | $ | 9,521,019 |  |  | $ | 468,942 |  |  | $ | 2,511,307 |  |  | $ | 883,779 |  |  | $ | 298,064 |  |  | $ | 14,348,308 |
Special mention | 691 |  |  | 78,643 |  |  | 1,260 |  |  | 44,130 |  |  | 4,340 |  |  | 2,919 |  |  | 131,983 |
Substandard | 3,327 |  |  | 128,848 |  |  | 3,224 |  |  | 18,617 |  |  | 6,585 |  |  | 1,193 |  |  | 161,794 |
Doubtful | — |  |  | 262 |  |  | — |  |  | 385 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 647 |
Ungraded | — |  |  | 250 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 155,968 |  |  | 97 |  |  | — |  |  | 156,322 |
Total | $ | 669,215 |  |  | $ | 9,729,022 |  |  | $ | 473,433 |  |  | $ | 2,730,407 |  |  | $ | 894,801 |  |  | $ | 302,176 |  |  | $ | 14,799,054 |

| September 30, 2018
| Non-PCI noncommercial loans and leases
(Dollars in thousands) | Residential mortgage |  | Revolving mortgage |  | Construction and land development |  | Consumer |  | Total non-PCI noncommercial loans and leases
Current | $ | 4,027,341 |  |  | $ | 2,539,576 |  |  | $ | 239,601 |  |  | $ | 1,608,644 |  |  | $ | 8,415,162 |
30-59 days past due | 24,558 |  |  | 14,378 |  |  | 151 |  |  | 7,911 |  |  | 46,998 |
60-89 days past due | 5,189 |  |  | 5,354 |  |  | 177 |  |  | 3,621 |  |  | 14,341 |
90 days or greater past due | 16,147 |  |  | 10,788 |  |  | 1,507 |  |  | 3,003 |  |  | 31,445 |
Total | $ | 4,073,235 |  |  | $ | 2,570,096 |  |  | $ | 241,436 |  |  | $ | 1,623,179 |  |  | $ | 8,507,946 |
| December 31, 2017
| Non-PCI noncommercial loans and leases
| Residential mortgage |  | Revolving mortgage |  | Construction and land development |  | Consumer |  | Total non-PCI noncommercial loans and leases
Current | $ | 3,465,935 |  |  | $ | 2,674,390 |  |  | $ | 239,648 |  |  | $ | 1,546,473 |  |  | $ | 7,926,446 |
30-59 days past due | 27,886 |  |  | 13,428 |  |  | 7,154 |  |  | 8,812 |  |  | 57,280 |
60-89 days past due | 8,064 |  |  | 3,485 |  |  | 108 |  |  | 2,893 |  |  | 14,550 |
90 days or greater past due | 21,901 |  |  | 10,222 |  |  | 1,379 |  |  | 2,995 |  |  | 36,497 |
Total | $ | 3,523,786 |  |  | $ | 2,701,525 |  |  | $ | 248,289 |  |  | $ | 1,561,173 |  |  | $ | 8,034,773 |

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PCI loans outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 by credit quality indicator are provided below:

| September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) | PCI commercial loans
Grade: |  |  |
Pass | $ | 156,092 |  |  | $ | 201,332 |
Special mention | 52,204 |  |  | 63,257 |
Substandard | 103,986 |  |  | 117,068 |
Doubtful | 4,701 |  |  | 11,735 |
Ungraded | 31 |  |  | 27 |
Total | $ | 317,014 |  |  | $ | 393,419 |

| September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
| PCI noncommercial loans
(Dollars in thousands) |  |  |
Current | $ | 282,965 |  |  | $ | 318,632 |
30-59 days past due | 10,138 |  |  | 13,343 |
60-89 days past due | 5,968 |  |  | 6,212 |
90 days or greater past due | 21,933 |  |  | 31,392 |
Total | $ | 321,004 |  |  | $ | 369,579 |

The aging of the outstanding non-PCI loans and leases, by class, at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are provided in the tables below. Loans and leases 30 days or less past due are considered current as various grace periods allow borrowers to make payments within a stated period after the due date and still remain in compliance with the loan agreement.

| September 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands) | 30-59 days past due |  | 60-89 days past due |  | 90 days or greater |  | Total past due |  | Current |  | Total loans and leases
Non-PCI loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development - commercial | $ | 708 |  |  | $ | 186 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | 962 |  |  | $ | 678,241 |  |  | $ | 679,203 |
Commercial mortgage | 15,768 |  |  | 2,830 |  |  | 5,326 |  |  | 23,924 |  |  | 10,462,448 |  |  | 10,486,372 |
Other commercial real estate | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 471,532 |  |  | 471,532 |
Commercial and industrial | 8,078 |  |  | 2,592 |  |  | 2,140 |  |  | 12,810 |  |  | 3,176,527 |  |  | 3,189,337 |
Lease financing | 3,090 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 928 |  |  | 4,120 |  |  | 612,831 |  |  | 616,951 |
Residential mortgage | 24,558 |  |  | 5,189 |  |  | 16,147 |  |  | 45,894 |  |  | 4,027,341 |  |  | 4,073,235 |
Revolving mortgage | 14,378 |  |  | 5,354 |  |  | 10,788 |  |  | 30,520 |  |  | 2,539,576 |  |  | 2,570,096 |
Construction and land development - noncommercial | 151 |  |  | 177 |  |  | 1,507 |  |  | 1,835 |  |  | 239,601 |  |  | 241,436 |
Consumer | 7,911 |  |  | 3,621 |  |  | 3,003 |  |  | 14,535 |  |  | 1,608,644 |  |  | 1,623,179 |
Other | 141 |  |  | 63 |  |  | — |  |  | 204 |  |  | 296,784 |  |  | 296,988 |
Total non-PCI loans and leases | $ | 74,783 |  |  | $ | 20,114 |  |  | $ | 39,907 |  |  | $ | 134,804 |  |  | $ | 24,113,525 |  |  | $ | 24,248,329 |
| December 31, 2017
| 30-59 days past due |  | 60-89 days past due |  | 90 days or greater |  | Total past due |  | Current |  | Total loans and leases
Non-PCI loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development - commercial | $ | 491 |  |  | $ | 442 |  |  | $ | 357 |  |  | $ | 1,290 |  |  | $ | 667,925 |  |  | $ | 669,215 |
Commercial mortgage | 12,288 |  |  | 2,375 |  |  | 6,490 |  |  | 21,153 |  |  | 9,707,869 |  |  | 9,729,022 |
Other commercial real estate | 107 |  |  | — |  |  | 75 |  |  | 182 |  |  | 473,251 |  |  | 473,433 |
Commercial and industrial | 6,694 |  |  | 1,510 |  |  | 1,266 |  |  | 9,470 |  |  | 2,720,937 |  |  | 2,730,407 |
Lease financing | 2,983 |  |  | 167 |  |  | 973 |  |  | 4,123 |  |  | 890,678 |  |  | 894,801 |
Residential mortgage | 27,886 |  |  | 8,064 |  |  | 21,901 |  |  | 57,851 |  |  | 3,465,935 |  |  | 3,523,786 |
Revolving mortgage | 13,428 |  |  | 3,485 |  |  | 10,222 |  |  | 27,135 |  |  | 2,674,390 |  |  | 2,701,525 |
Construction and land development - noncommercial | 7,154 |  |  | 108 |  |  | 1,379 |  |  | 8,641 |  |  | 239,648 |  |  | 248,289 |
Consumer | 8,812 |  |  | 2,893 |  |  | 2,995 |  |  | 14,700 |  |  | 1,546,473 |  |  | 1,561,173 |
Other | 188 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 133 |  |  | 327 |  |  | 301,849 |  |  | 302,176 |
Total non-PCI loans and leases | $ | 80,031 |  |  | $ | 19,050 |  |  | $ | 45,791 |  |  | $ | 144,872 |  |  | $ | 22,688,955 |  |  | $ | 22,833,827 |

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The recorded investment, by class, in loans and leases on nonaccrual status, and loans and leases greater than 90 days past due and still accruing at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 for non-PCI loans and leases, were as follows:

| September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) | Nonaccrual loans and leases |  | Loans and leases > 90 days and accruing |  | Nonaccrual loans and leases |  | Loans and leases > 90 days and accruing
Non-PCI loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development - commercial | $ | 382 |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 1,040 |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial mortgage | 19,009 |  |  | — |  |  | 22,625 |  |  | 397 |
Other commercial real estate | 91 |  |  | — |  |  | 916 |  |  | — |
Commercial and industrial | 3,533 |  |  | 439 |  |  | 2,884 |  |  | 428 |
Lease financing | 1,105 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,992 |  |  | — |
Residential mortgage | 33,796 |  |  | — |  |  | 38,942 |  |  | — |
Revolving mortgage | 23,231 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,990 |  |  | — |
Construction and land development - noncommercial | 1,912 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,989 |  |  | — |
Consumer | 2,230 |  |  | 2,146 |  |  | 1,992 |  |  | 2,153 |
Other | 130 |  |  | — |  |  | 164 |  |  | — |
Total non-PCI loans and leases | $ | 85,419 |  |  | $ | 2,640 |  |  | $ | 92,534 |  |  | $ | 2,978 |

Purchased non-PCI loans and leases
The following table relates to purchased non-PCI loans acquired in the HomeBancorp transaction and provides the contractually required payments, estimate of contractual cash flows not expected to be collected and fair value of the acquired loans at the acquisition date.

(Dollars in thousands) |
Contractually required payments | $ | 710,876 |
Contractual cash flows not expected to be collected | 9,845 |
Fair value at acquisition date | 550,618 |

The recorded fair values of purchased non-PCI loans acquired in the HomeBancorp transaction as of the acquisition date are as follows:

(Dollars in thousands) |
Commercial: |
Construction and land development | $ | 525 |
Commercial mortgage | 188,688 |
Other commercial real estate | 55,183 |
Commercial and industrial | 7,931 |
Total commercial loans | 252,327 |
Noncommercial: |
Residential mortgage | 296,273 |
Revolving mortgage | 51 |
Consumer | 1,967 |
Total noncommercial loans | 298,291 |
Total non-PCI loans | $ | 550,618 |

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Purchased credit-impaired loans
The following table relates to PCI loans acquired in the HomeBancorp transaction and summarizes the contractually required payments, which include principal and interest, expected cash flows to be collected and the fair value of PCI loans at the acquisition date.

(Dollars in thousands) |
Contractually required payments | $ | 26,651 |
Cash flows expected to be collected | 19,697 |
Fair value of loans at acquisition | 15,555 |

The recorded fair values of PCI loans acquired in the HomeBancorp transaction as of the acquisition date are as follows:

(Dollars in thousands) |
Commercial: |
Commercial mortgage | $ | 7,815 |
Commercial and industrial | 423 |
Total commercial loans | 8,238 |
Noncommercial: |
Residential mortgage | 7,317 |
Total noncommercial loans | 7,317 |
Total PCI loans | $ | 15,555 |

The following table provides changes in the carrying value of all PCI loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017:

(Dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017
Balance at January 1 | $ | 762,998 |  |  | $ | 809,169 |
Fair value of acquired loans | 15,555 |  |  | 199,682 |
Accretion | 45,699 |  |  | 59,039 |
Payments received and other changes, net | (186,234 | ) |  | (233,723 | )
Balance at September 30 | $ | 638,018 |  |  | $ | 834,167 |
Unpaid principal balance at September 30 | $ | 999,926 |  |  | $ | 1,293,760 |

The carrying value of PCI loans on the cost recovery method was $3.7 million at September 30, 2018 and $1.1 million at December 31, 2017. The cost recovery method is applied to loans when the timing of future cash flows cannot be reasonably estimated due to borrower nonperformance or uncertainty in the ultimate disposition of the asset. The recorded investment of PCI loans on nonaccrual status was $1.5 million and $624 thousand at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
During the three months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, accretion income on PCI loans was $13.5 million and $19.2 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, accretion income on PCI loans was $45.7 million and $59.0 million, respectively.
For PCI loans, improved credit loss expectations generally result in the reclassification of nonaccretable difference to accretable yield. Changes in expected cash flow not related to credit improvements or deterioration do not affect the nonaccretable difference.
The following table documents changes to the amount of accretable yield for the first nine months of 2018 and 2017.

(Dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017
Balance at January 1 | $ | 316,679 |  |  | $ | 335,074 |
Additions from acquisitions | 4,142 |  |  | 44,120 |
Accretion | (45,699 | ) |  | (59,039 | )
Reclassifications from nonaccretable difference | 5,866 |  |  | 16,947 |
Changes in expected cash flows that do not affect nonaccretable difference | 42,214 |  |  | 4,596 |
Balance at September 30 | $ | 323,202 |  |  | $ | 341,698 |

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NOTE E - ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN AND LEASE LOSSES (ALLL)
During the third quarter of 2018, BancShares (“the Company”) enhanced its allowance for loan and lease losses (“ALLL”) methodology. Specifically, the Company updated its credit quality indicators used in the ALLL estimation to aggregate credit quality by borrower classification code and add a facility risk rating which provides additional granularity of risks by collateral type. The enhancement to the ALLL is part of the Company’s planned transition to a dual risk grading process which will be implemented during the fourth quarter of 2018. Significant growth in the Company’s loan portfolios, both organically and through acquisitions, is prompting the need to enhance the credit grading process and provide additional granularity in assessing credit risks. This change in estimate resulted in an immaterial impact to the financial statements, which is reflected in the Allowance for loan and lease losses and Provision for loan and lease losses.
The following tables present the activity in the ALLL for non-PCI loan and lease losses by loan class for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017:

| Three months ended September 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands) | Construction and land development - commercial |  | Commercial mortgage |  | Other commercial real estate |  | Commercial and industrial |  | Lease financing |  | Other |  | Residential mortgage |  | Revolving mortgage |  | Construction and land development - non- commercial |  | Consumer |  | Total
Non-PCI Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan and lease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at July 1 | $ | 23,664 |  |  | $ | 44,465 |  |  | $ | 3,823 |  |  | $ | 57,330 |  |  | $ | 3,981 |  |  | $ | 4,691 |  |  | $ | 17,802 |  |  | $ | 21,886 |  |  | $ | 4,027 |  |  | $ | 30,773 |  |  | $ | 212,442 |
Provision | 8,702 |  |  | (2,870 | ) |  | (1,219 | ) |  | (9,271 | ) |  | 4,011 |  |  | (2,404 | ) |  | (1,828 | ) |  | 465 |  |  | (1,203 | ) |  | 7,971 |  |  | 2,354 |
Charge-offs | (35 | ) |  | (606 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,256 | ) |  | (850 | ) |  | (56 | ) |  | (360 | ) |  | (759 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5,525 | ) |  | (9,447 | )
Recoveries | 136 |  |  | 99 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 494 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 128 |  |  | 712 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,249 |  |  | 2,939 |
Balance at September 30 | $ | 32,467 |  |  | $ | 41,088 |  |  | $ | 2,605 |  |  | $ | 47,297 |  |  | $ | 7,145 |  |  | $ | 2,348 |  |  | $ | 15,742 |  |  | $ | 22,304 |  |  | $ | 2,824 |  |  | $ | 34,468 |  |  | $ | 208,288 |
| Three months ended September 30, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) | Construction and land development - commercial |  | Commercial mortgage |  | Other commercial real estate |  | Commercial and industrial |  | Lease financing |  | Other |  | Residential mortgage |  | Revolving mortgage |  | Construction and land development - non- commercial |  | Consumer |  | Total
Balance at July 1 | $ | 33,559 |  |  | $ | 49,746 |  |  | $ | 3,612 |  |  | $ | 51,068 |  |  | $ | 6,404 |  |  | $ | 3,302 |  |  | $ | 15,843 |  |  | $ | 22,465 |  |  | $ | 1,503 |  |  | $ | 27,800 |  |  | $ | 215,302 |
Provision | (5,150 | ) |  | (71 | ) |  | 891 |  |  | 5,621 |  |  | 884 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 531 |  |  | 842 |  |  | 92 |  |  | 4,785 |  |  | 8,483 |
Charge-offs | (9 | ) |  | (39 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,275 | ) |  | (687 | ) |  | (666 | ) |  | (604 | ) |  | (218 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4,996 | ) |  | (8,494 | )
Recoveries | 56 |  |  | 1,446 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 433 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 92 |  |  | 228 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,203 |  |  | 3,592 |
Balance at September 30 | $ | 28,456 |  |  | $ | 51,082 |  |  | $ | 4,511 |  |  | $ | 55,847 |  |  | $ | 6,604 |  |  | $ | 2,817 |  |  | $ | 15,862 |  |  | $ | 23,317 |  |  | $ | 1,595 |  |  | $ | 28,792 |  |  | $ | 218,883 |
| Nine months ended September 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands) | Construction and land development - commercial |  | Commercial mortgage |  | Other commercial real estate |  | Commercial and industrial |  | Lease financing |  | Other |  | Residential mortgage |  | Revolving mortgage |  | Construction and land development - non- commercial |  | Consumer |  | Total
Balance at January 1 | $ | 24,470 |  |  | $ | 45,005 |  |  | $ | 4,571 |  |  | $ | 53,697 |  |  | $ | 6,127 |  |  | $ | 4,689 |  |  | $ | 15,706 |  |  | $ | 22,436 |  |  | $ | 3,962 |  |  | $ | 31,204 |  |  | $ | 211,867 |
Provision | 7,788 |  |  | (3,369 | ) |  | (2,044 | ) |  | (4,026 | ) |  | 3,119 |  |  | (2,403 | ) |  | 1,176 |  |  | 1,220 |  |  | (1,046 | ) |  | 15,468 |  |  | 15,883 |
Charge-offs | (43 | ) |  | (1,111 | ) |  | (69 | ) |  | (4,725 | ) |  | (2,149 | ) |  | (98 | ) |  | (1,455 | ) |  | (2,778 | ) |  | (219 | ) |  | (16,092 | ) |  | (28,739 | )
Recoveries | 252 |  |  | 563 |  |  | 147 |  |  | 2,351 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 160 |  |  | 315 |  |  | 1,426 |  |  | 127 |  |  | 3,888 |  |  | 9,277 |
Balance at September 30 | $ | 32,467 |  |  | $ | 41,088 |  |  | $ | 2,605 |  |  | $ | 47,297 |  |  | $ | 7,145 |  |  | $ | 2,348 |  |  | $ | 15,742 |  |  | $ | 22,304 |  |  | $ | 2,824 |  |  | $ | 34,468 |  |  | $ | 208,288 |
| Nine months ended September 30, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) | Construction and land development - commercial |  | Commercial mortgage |  | Other commercial real estate |  | Commercial and industrial |  | Lease financing |  | Other |  | Residential mortgage |  | Revolving mortgage |  | Construction and land development - non- commercial |  | Consumer |  | Total
Balance at January 1 | $ | 28,877 |  |  | $ | 48,278 |  |  | $ | 3,269 |  |  | $ | 50,225 |  |  | $ | 5,907 |  |  | $ | 3,127 |  |  | $ | 14,447 |  |  | $ | 21,013 |  |  | $ | 1,596 |  |  | $ | 28,287 |  |  | $ | 205,026 |
Provision | (242 | ) |  | 574 |  |  | 1,228 |  |  | 10,181 |  |  | 1,645 |  |  | 299 |  |  | 2,037 |  |  | 2,446 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 11,144 |  |  | 29,311 |
Charge-offs | (499 | ) |  | (311 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | (7,649 | ) |  | (957 | ) |  | (853 | ) |  | (1,076 | ) |  | (1,323 | ) |  | — |  |  | (14,015 | ) |  | (26,688 | )
Recoveries | 320 |  |  | 2,541 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 3,090 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 244 |  |  | 454 |  |  | 1,181 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,376 |  |  | 11,234 |
Balance at September 30 | $ | 28,456 |  |  | $ | 51,082 |  |  | $ | 4,511 |  |  | $ | 55,847 |  |  | $ | 6,604 |  |  | $ | 2,817 |  |  | $ | 15,862 |  |  | $ | 23,317 |  |  | $ | 1,595 |  |  | $ | 28,792 |  |  | $ | 218,883 |

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The following tables present the allowance for non-PCI loan and lease losses and the recorded investment in loans, by loan class, based on impairment method as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

| September 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands) | Construction and land development - commercial |  | Commercial mortgage |  | Other commercial real estate |  | Commercial and industrial |  | Lease financing |  | Other |  | Residential mortgage |  | Revolving mortgage |  | Construction and land development - non-commercial |  | Consumer |  | Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ALLL for loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 296 |  |  | $ | 2,983 |  |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 1,133 |  |  | $ | 135 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 2,791 |  |  | $ | 2,759 |  |  | $ | 501 |  |  | $ | 763 |  |  | $ | 11,425 |
ALLL for loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment | 32,171 |  |  | 38,105 |  |  | 2,559 |  |  | 46,164 |  |  | 7,010 |  |  | 2,330 |  |  | 12,951 |  |  | 19,545 |  |  | 2,323 |  |  | 33,705 |  |  | 196,863 |
Total allowance for loan and lease losses | $ | 32,467 |  |  | $ | 41,088 |  |  | $ | 2,605 |  |  | $ | 47,297 |  |  | $ | 7,145 |  |  | $ | 2,348 |  |  | $ | 15,742 |  |  | $ | 22,304 |  |  | $ | 2,824 |  |  | $ | 34,468 |  |  | $ | 208,288 |
Loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 2,175 |  |  | $ | 63,412 |  |  | $ | 929 |  |  | $ | 9,048 |  |  | $ | 1,042 |  |  | $ | 241 |  |  | $ | 42,617 |  |  | $ | 28,089 |  |  | $ | 4,236 |  |  | $ | 2,887 |  |  | $ | 154,676 |
Loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment | 677,028 |  |  | 10,422,960 |  |  | 470,603 |  |  | 3,180,289 |  |  | 615,909 |  |  | 296,747 |  |  | 4,030,618 |  |  | 2,542,007 |  |  | 237,200 |  |  | 1,620,292 |  |  | 24,093,653 |
Total loan and leases | $ | 679,203 |  |  | $ | 10,486,372 |  |  | $ | 471,532 |  |  | $ | 3,189,337 |  |  | $ | 616,951 |  |  | $ | 296,988 |  |  | $ | 4,073,235 |  |  | $ | 2,570,096 |  |  | $ | 241,436 |  |  | $ | 1,623,179 |  |  | $ | 24,248,329 |
| December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) | Construction and land development - commercial |  | Commercial mortgage |  | Other commercial real estate |  | Commercial and industrial |  | Lease financing |  | Other |  | Residential mortgage |  | Revolving mortgage |  | Construction and land development - non-commercial |  | Consumer |  | Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ALLL for loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 185 |  |  | $ | 3,648 |  |  | $ | 209 |  |  | $ | 665 |  |  | $ | 397 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,733 |  |  | $ | 1,085 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | 738 |  |  | $ | 9,728 |
ALLL for loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment | 24,285 |  |  | 41,357 |  |  | 4,362 |  |  | 53,032 |  |  | 5,730 |  |  | 4,689 |  |  | 12,973 |  |  | 21,351 |  |  | 3,894 |  |  | 30,466 |  |  | 202,139 |
Total allowance for loan and lease losses | $ | 24,470 |  |  | $ | 45,005 |  |  | $ | 4,571 |  |  | $ | 53,697 |  |  | $ | 6,127 |  |  | $ | 4,689 |  |  | $ | 15,706 |  |  | $ | 22,436 |  |  | $ | 3,962 |  |  | $ | 31,204 |  |  | $ | 211,867 |
Loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 788 |  |  | $ | 73,655 |  |  | $ | 1,857 |  |  | $ | 7,974 |  |  | $ | 1,914 |  |  | $ | 521 |  |  | $ | 37,842 |  |  | $ | 23,770 |  |  | $ | 4,551 |  |  | $ | 2,774 |  |  | $ | 155,646 |
Loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment | 668,427 |  |  | 9,655,367 |  |  | 471,576 |  |  | 2,722,433 |  |  | 892,887 |  |  | 301,655 |  |  | 3,485,944 |  |  | 2,677,755 |  |  | 243,738 |  |  | 1,558,399 |  |  | 22,678,181 |
Total loan and leases | $ | 669,215 |  |  | $ | 9,729,022 |  |  | $ | 473,433 |  |  | $ | 2,730,407 |  |  | $ | 894,801 |  |  | $ | 302,176 |  |  | $ | 3,523,786 |  |  | $ | 2,701,525 |  |  | $ | 248,289 |  |  | $ | 1,561,173 |  |  | $ | 22,833,827 |

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The following tables show the activity in the allowance for PCI loan losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

(Dollars in thousands) | Three months ended September 30, 2018 |  | Three months ended September 30, 2017
PCI Loans |  |  |
Allowance for loan and lease losses: |  |  |
Balance at July 1 | $ | 12,423 |  |  | $ | 13,496 |
Provision | (1,514 | ) |  | (537 | )
Charge-offs | — |  |  | — |
Recoveries | — |  |  | — |
Balance at September 30 | $ | 10,909 |  |  | $ | 12,959 |
| Nine months ended September 30, 2018 |  | Nine months ended September 30, 2017
Balance at January 1 | $ | 10,026 |  |  | $ | 13,769 |
Provision | 1,000 |  |  | (810 | )
Charge-offs | (117 | ) |  | — |
Recoveries | — |  |  | — |
Balance at September 30 | $ | 10,909 |  |  | $ | 12,959 |

The following table shows the ending balances of PCI loans and related allowance as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

(Dollars in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
ALLL for loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality | $ | 10,909 |  |  | $ | 10,026 |
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 638,018 |  |  | 762,998 |

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, $190.8 million and $279.8 million, respectively, in PCI loans experienced an adverse change in expected cash flows since the date of acquisition.
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The following tables provide information on non-PCI impaired loans and leases individually evaluated as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

| September 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands) | With a recorded allowance |  | With no recorded allowance |  | Total |  | Unpaid principal balance |  | Related allowance recorded
Non-PCI impaired loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development - commercial | $ | 2,175 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,175 |  |  | $ | 2,600 |  |  | $ | 296 |
Commercial mortgage | 34,860 |  |  | 28,552 |  |  | 63,412 |  |  | 70,501 |  |  | 2,983 |
Other commercial real estate | 199 |  |  | 730 |  |  | 929 |  |  | 1,104 |  |  | 46 |
Commercial and industrial | 6,573 |  |  | 2,475 |  |  | 9,048 |  |  | 14,050 |  |  | 1,133 |
Lease financing | 755 |  |  | 287 |  |  | 1,042 |  |  | 1,894 |  |  | 135 |
Other | 241 |  |  | — |  |  | 241 |  |  | 246 |  |  | 18 |
Residential mortgage | 40,128 |  |  | 2,489 |  |  | 42,617 |  |  | 45,528 |  |  | 2,791 |
Revolving mortgage | 24,953 |  |  | 3,136 |  |  | 28,089 |  |  | 30,463 |  |  | 2,759 |
Construction and land development - noncommercial | 4,236 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,236 |  |  | 4,527 |  |  | 501 |
Consumer | 2,799 |  |  | 88 |  |  | 2,887 |  |  | 3,198 |  |  | 763 |
Total non-PCI impaired loans and leases | $ | 116,919 |  |  | $ | 37,757 |  |  | $ | 154,676 |  |  | $ | 174,111 |  |  | $ | 11,425 |
| December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) | With a recorded allowance |  | With no recorded allowance |  | Total |  | Unpaid principal balance |  | Related allowance recorded
Non-PCI impaired loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development - commercial | $ | 788 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 788 |  |  | $ | 1,110 |  |  | $ | 185 |
Commercial mortgage | 39,135 |  |  | 34,520 |  |  | 73,655 |  |  | 78,936 |  |  | 3,648 |
Other commercial real estate | 1,351 |  |  | 506 |  |  | 1,857 |  |  | 2,267 |  |  | 209 |
Commercial and industrial | 6,326 |  |  | 1,648 |  |  | 7,974 |  |  | 10,475 |  |  | 665 |
Lease financing | 1,890 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 1,914 |  |  | 2,571 |  |  | 397 |
Other | — |  |  | 521 |  |  | 521 |  |  | 521 |  |  | — |
Residential mortgage | 19,135 |  |  | 18,707 |  |  | 37,842 |  |  | 39,946 |  |  | 2,733 |
Revolving mortgage | 5,875 |  |  | 17,895 |  |  | 23,770 |  |  | 25,941 |  |  | 1,085 |
Construction and land development - noncommercial | 592 |  |  | 3,959 |  |  | 4,551 |  |  | 5,224 |  |  | 68 |
Consumer | 2,107 |  |  | 667 |  |  | 2,774 |  |  | 3,043 |  |  | 738 |
Total non-PCI impaired loans and leases | $ | 77,199 |  |  | $ | 78,447 |  |  | $ | 155,646 |  |  | $ | 170,034 |  |  | $ | 9,728 |

Non-PCI impaired loans less than $500,000 that are collectively evaluated were $43.8 million and $49.1 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
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The following tables show the average non-PCI impaired loan balance and the interest income recognized by loan class for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017:

| Three months ended September 30, 2018 |  | Three months ended September 30, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) | Average balance |  | Interest income recognized |  | Average balance |  | Interest income recognized
Non-PCI impaired loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development - commercial | $ | 2,101 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 754 |  |  | $ | 8 |
Commercial mortgage | 63,752 |  |  | 583 |  |  | 73,099 |  |  | 653 |
Other commercial real estate | 950 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 1,720 |  |  | 8 |
Commercial and industrial | 8,278 |  |  | 83 |  |  | 9,501 |  |  | 96 |
Lease financing | 1,032 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 1,752 |  |  | 12 |
Other | 205 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 557 |  |  | 8 |
Residential mortgage | 42,601 |  |  | 330 |  |  | 31,290 |  |  | 228 |
Revolving mortgage | 27,503 |  |  | 234 |  |  | 18,066 |  |  | 150 |
Construction and land development - noncommercial | 3,190 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 3,676 |  |  | 35 |
Consumer | 2,769 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 2,233 |  |  | 27 |
Total non-PCI impaired loans and leases | $ | 152,381 |  |  | $ | 1,350 |  |  | $ | 142,648 |  |  | $ | 1,225 |
| Nine months ended September 30, 2018 |  | Nine months ended September 30, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) | Average balance |  | Interest income recognized |  | Average balance |  | Interest income recognized
Non-PCI impaired loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development - commercial | $ | 1,580 |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 926 |  |  | $ | 31 |
Commercial mortgage | 68,043 |  |  | 1,953 |  |  | 74,177 |  |  | 1,946 |
Other commercial real estate | 1,336 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 1,610 |  |  | 25 |
Commercial and industrial | 7,796 |  |  | 235 |  |  | 10,396 |  |  | 298 |
Lease financing | 1,704 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 1,744 |  |  | 40 |
Other | 90 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 396 |  |  | 15 |
Residential mortgage | 41,124 |  |  | 903 |  |  | 33,673 |  |  | 753 |
Revolving mortgage | 26,228 |  |  | 657 |  |  | 11,506 |  |  | 269 |
Construction and land development - noncommercial | 3,607 |  |  | 134 |  |  | 3,155 |  |  | 101 |
Consumer | 2,644 |  |  | 87 |  |  | 2,062 |  |  | 74 |
Total non-PCI impaired loans and leases | $ | 154,152 |  |  | $ | 4,092 |  |  | $ | 139,645 |  |  | $ | 3,552 |

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Troubled Debt Restructurings
BancShares accounts for certain loan modifications or restructurings as troubled debt restructurings (TDRs). In general, the modification or restructuring of a loan is considered a TDR if, for economic reasons or legal reasons related to a borrower's financial difficulties, a concession is granted to the borrower that creditors would not otherwise consider. Concessions may relate to the contractual interest rate, maturity date, payment structure or other actions. The majority of TDRs are included in the special mention, substandard or doubtful credit quality indicators, which results in more elevated loss expectations when projecting the expected cash flows that are used to determine the allowance for loan losses associated with these loans. The lower the credit quality indicator, the lower the estimated expected cash flows and the greater the allowance recorded. All TDRs are individually evaluated for impairment through review of collateral values or analysis of cash flows at least annually.
The following table provides a summary of total TDRs by accrual status. Total TDRs included $18.4 million of PCI TDRs at both September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

| September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) | Accruing |  | Nonaccruing |  | Total |  | Accruing |  | Nonaccruing |  | Total
Commercial loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development - commercial | $ | 2,020 |  |  | $ | 330 |  |  | $ | 2,350 |  |  | $ | 4,089 |  |  | $ | 483 |  |  | $ | 4,572 |
Commercial mortgage | 55,362 |  |  | 12,302 |  |  | 67,664 |  |  | 62,358 |  |  | 15,863 |  |  | 78,221 |
Other commercial real estate | 899 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 929 |  |  | 1,012 |  |  | 788 |  |  | 1,800 |
Commercial and industrial | 7,762 |  |  | 1,557 |  |  | 9,319 |  |  | 7,598 |  |  | 910 |  |  | 8,508 |
Lease financing | 628 |  |  | 319 |  |  | 947 |  |  | 722 |  |  | 1,048 |  |  | 1,770 |
Other | 119 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 242 |  |  | 521 |  |  | — |  |  | 521 |
Total commercial TDRs | 66,790 |  |  | 14,661 |  |  | 81,451 |  |  | 76,300 |  |  | 19,092 |  |  | 95,392 |
Noncommercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage | 38,169 |  |  | 8,723 |  |  | 46,892 |  |  | 34,067 |  |  | 9,475 |  |  | 43,542 |
Revolving mortgage | 20,577 |  |  | 7,340 |  |  | 27,917 |  |  | 17,673 |  |  | 5,180 |  |  | 22,853 |
Construction and land development - noncommercial | 2,673 |  |  | 151 |  |  | 2,824 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer and other | 2,402 |  |  | 485 |  |  | 2,887 |  |  | 2,351 |  |  | 423 |  |  | 2,774 |
Total noncommercial TDRs | 63,821 |  |  | 16,699 |  |  | 80,520 |  |  | 54,091 |  |  | 15,078 |  |  | 69,169 |
Total TDRs | $ | 130,611 |  |  | $ | 31,360 |  |  | $ | 161,971 |  |  | $ | 130,391 |  |  | $ | 34,170 |  |  | $ | 164,561 |

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The following table provides the types of TDRs made during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, as well as a summary of loans that were modified as a TDR during the twelve month periods ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017 that subsequently defaulted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017. BancShares defines payment default as movement of the TDR to nonaccrual status, which is generally 90 days past due for TDRs, foreclosure or charge-off, whichever occurs first.

| Three months ended September 30, 2018 |  | Three months ended September 30, 2017
| All restructurings |  | Restructurings with payment default |  | All restructurings |  | Restructurings with payment default
(Dollars in thousands) | Number of Loans | Recorded investment at period end |  | Number of Loans | Recorded investment at period end |  | Number of Loans | Recorded investment at period end |  | Number of Loans | Recorded investment at period end
Loans and leases |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest only | 1 |  | $ | 300 |  |  | — |  | $ | — |  |  | 3 |  | $ | 696 |  |  | — |  | $ | — |
Loan term extension | 9 |  | 2,565 |  |  | 2 |  | 327 |  |  | 6 |  | 156 |  |  | — |  | — |
Below market interest rate | 56 |  | 7,109 |  |  | 32 |  | 2,832 |  |  | 63 |  | 6,859 |  |  | 27 |  | 1,956 |
Discharged from bankruptcy | 38 |  | 1,833 |  |  | 16 |  | 607 |  |  | 43 |  | 5,469 |  |  | 40 |  | 2,315 |
Total restructurings | 104 |  | $ | 11,807 |  |  | 50 |  | $ | 3,766 |  |  | 115 |  | $ | 13,180 |  |  | 67 |  | $ | 4,271 |

| Nine months ended September 30, 2018 |  | Nine months ended September 30, 2017
| All restructurings |  | Restructurings with payment default |  | All restructurings |  | Restructurings with payment default
(Dollars in thousands) | Number of Loans | Recorded investment at period end |  | Number of Loans | Recorded investment at period end |  | Number of Loans | Recorded investment at period end |  | Number of Loans | Recorded investment at period end
Loans and leases |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest only | 3 |  | $ | 1,136 |  |  | 2 |  | $ | 836 |  |  | 6 |  | $ | 1,180 |  |  | 1 |  | $ | 328 |
Loan term extension | 32 |  | 4,414 |  |  | 9 |  | 943 |  |  | 31 |  | 2,787 |  |  | 1 |  | 31 |
Below market interest rate | 211 |  | 24,245 |  |  | 82 |  | 6,098 |  |  | 238 |  | 19,526 |  |  | 75 |  | 5,332 |
Discharged from bankruptcy | 139 |  | 7,360 |  |  | 69 |  | 3,595 |  |  | 151 |  | 9,681 |  |  | 78 |  | 4,802 |
Total restructurings | 385 |  | $ | 37,155 |  |  | 162 |  | $ | 11,472 |  |  | 426 |  | $ | 33,174 |  |  | 155 |  | $ | 10,493 |

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, the pre-modification and post-modification outstanding recorded investments of loans modified as TDRs were not materially different.

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NOTE F - OTHER REAL ESTATE OWNED (OREO)
The following table explains changes in other real estate owned during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

(Dollars in thousands) | Total
Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | 61,231 |
Additions | 26,926 |
Additions acquired in the Guaranty Bank acquisition | 55 |
Sales | (31,072 | )
Write-downs | (3,152 | )
Balance at September 30, 2017 | $ | 53,988 |
Balance at December 31, 2017 | $ | 51,097 |
Additions | 17,013 |
Additions acquired in the HomeBanc acquisition | 2,135 |
Sales | (23,488 | )
Write-downs | (3,156 | )
Balance at September 30, 2018 | $ | 43,601 |

At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, BancShares had $14.3 million and $19.8 million, respectively, of foreclosed residential real estate property in OREO. The recorded investment in consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property in the process of foreclosure was $25.1 million and $26.9 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
NOTE G - FDIC SHARED-LOSS PAYABLE

As of September 30, 2018, shared-loss protection remains for single family residential loans acquired in the amount of $58.9 million. The shared-loss agreements for two FDIC-assisted transactions include provisions related to payments that may be owed to the FDIC at the termination of the agreements (clawback liability). The clawback liability represents a payment by BancShares to the FDIC if actual cumulative losses on acquired covered assets are lower than the cumulative losses originally estimated by the FDIC at the time of acquisition and is recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as a payable to the FDIC under the relevant shared-loss agreements. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the estimated clawback liability was $104.6 million and $101.3 million, respectively. The clawback liability payment dates are March 2020 and March 2021.
The following table provides changes in the FDIC shared-loss payable for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

| Three months ended September 30 |  | Nine months ended September 30
(Dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Beginning balance | $ | 103,487 |  |  | $ | 99,126 |  |  | $ | 101,342 |  |  | $ | 97,008 |
Amortization | 1,009 |  |  | 973 |  |  | 3,002 |  |  | 2,890 |
Adjustments related to changes in assumptions | 80 |  |  | 104 |  |  | 232 |  |  | 305 |
Ending balance | $ | 104,576 |  |  | $ | 100,203 |  |  | $ | 104,576 |  |  | $ | 100,203 |

NOTE H - MORTGAGE SERVICING RIGHTS
Our portfolio of residential mortgage loans serviced for third parties was $2.91 billion and $2.81 billion as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. These loans were originated by BancShares and sold to third parties on a non-recourse basis with servicing rights retained. These retained servicing rights are recorded as a servicing asset and reported in other intangible assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The mortgage servicing rights are initially recorded at fair value and then carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair market value.
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The activity of the servicing asset for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 is presented in the following table:

| Three months ended September 30 |  | Nine months ended September 30
(Dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Beginning balance | $ | 21,657 |  |  | $ | 20,524 |  |  | $ | 21,945 |  |  | $ | 20,415 |
Servicing rights originated | 1,396 |  |  | 2,896 |  |  | 4,026 |  |  | 5,721 |
Amortization | (1,420 | ) |  | (1,417 | ) |  | (4,338 | ) |  | (4,137 | )
Valuation allowance reversal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Ending balance | $ | 21,633 |  |  | $ | 22,003 |  |  | $ | 21,633 |  |  | $ | 22,003 |

The amortization expense related to mortgage servicing rights is included as a reduction of mortgage income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Contractually specified mortgage servicing fees, late fees, and ancillary fees earned for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were $1.9 million and $1.7 million, respectively, and reported in mortgage income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, contractually specified mortgage servicing fees, late fees and ancillary fees earned were $5.6 million and $5.2 million, respectively.
Valuation of mortgage servicing rights is performed using a pooling methodology. Similar loans are pooled together and evaluated on a discounted earnings basis to determine the present value of future earnings. Key economic assumptions used to value mortgage servicing rights as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows:

| September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Discount rate - conventional fixed loans | 10.06 | % |  | 9.41 | %
Discount rate - all loans excluding conventional fixed loans | 11.06 | % |  | 10.41 | %
Weighted average constant prepayment rate | 8.38 | % |  | 10.93 | %
Weighted average cost to service a loan | $ | 72.67 |  |  | $ | 64.03 |

The discount rate is based on the 10-year U.S. Treasury rate plus 700 basis points for conventional fixed loans and 800 basis points for all other loans. The 700 and 800 basis points are used as a risk premium when calculating the discount rate. The repayment rate is derived from the Public Securities Association Standard Prepayment model. The average cost to service a loan is based on the number of loans serviced and the total costs to service the loans.
NOTE I - REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
BancShares utilizes securities sold under agreements to repurchase to facilitate the needs of customers and secure wholesale funding needs. Repurchase agreements are transactions whereby BancShares offers to sell to a counterparty an undivided interest in an eligible security at an agreed upon purchase price, and which obligates BancShares to repurchase the security on an agreed upon date at an agreed upon repurchase price plus interest at an agreed upon rate. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are recorded at the amount of cash received in connection with the transaction and are generally reflected as short-term borrowings on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
BancShares monitors collateral levels on a continuous basis and maintains records of each transaction specifically describing the applicable security and the counterparty’s fractional interest in that security, and segregates the security from general assets in accordance with regulations governing custodial holdings of securities. The primary risk with repurchase agreements is market risk associated with the investments securing the transactions, as additional collateral may be required based on fair value changes of the underlying investments. Securities pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements are maintained with safekeeping agents. The carrying value of available for sale investment securities pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements was $597.4 million and $684.2 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
The remaining contractual maturity of the securities sold under agreements to repurchase by class of collateral pledged included overnight and continuous U.S. Treasury securities totaling $567.4 million at September 30, 2018 and $556.2 million at December 31, 2017. At December 31, 2017, there also were U.S. Treasury securities with a remaining contractual maturity of 30-90 days totaling $30.0 million for a gross amount of $586.2 million.

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NOTE J - ESTIMATED FAIR VALUES
Fair value estimates are intended to represent the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. Where there is no active market for a financial instrument, BancShares has made estimates using discounted cash flows or other valuation techniques. Inputs used in these valuation techniques are subjective in nature, involve uncertainties and require significant judgment and therefore can only be derived within a range of precision. Accordingly, the derived fair value estimates presented below are not necessarily indicative of the amounts BancShares would realize in a current market exchange.
ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, indicates that assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value according to a fair value hierarchy comprised of three levels. The levels are based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. The level within the fair value hierarchy for an asset or liability is based on the highest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement (with Level 1 considered highest and Level 3 considered lowest). A brief description of each level follows:

• | Level 1 values are based on quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

• | Level 2 values are based on quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.

• | Level 3 values are derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or assumptions are not observable in the market. These unobservable inputs and assumptions reflect estimates that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include the use of discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

BancShares' management reviews any changes to its valuation methodologies to ensure they are appropriate and supportable, and refines valuation methodologies as more market-based data becomes available. Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are recognized at the end of the reporting period.
The methodologies used to estimate the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities are discussed below:
Investment securities available for sale. Investment securities available for sale are carried at fair value. U.S. Treasury, government agency and mortgage-backed securities are generally measured at fair value using a third party pricing service. The third party provider evaluates securities based on comparable investments with trades and market data and will utilize pricing models that use a variety of inputs, such as benchmark yields, reported trades, broker-dealer quotes, issuer spreads, benchmark securities, bids and offers as needed. These securities are generally classified as Level 2. Corporate bonds and trust preferred securities are generally measured at fair value based on indicative bids from broker-dealers and are not directly observable. These securities are considered Level 3.
Marketable equity securities. Equity securities are measured at fair value using observable closing prices and the valuation also considers the amount of market activity by examining the trade volume of each security. Equity securities are classified as Level 1 if they are traded in an active market and as Level 2 if the observable closing price is from a less than active market.
Loans held for sale. Certain residential real estate loans that are originated to be sold to investors are carried at fair value based on quoted market prices for similar types of loans. Accordingly, the inputs used to calculate fair value of originated residential real estate loans held for sale are classified as Level 2 inputs. Portfolio loans that are subsequently transferred to held for sale to be sold in the secondary market are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. The fair value of the transferred portfolio loans is based on the quoted prices and is considered a Level 1 input.
Net loans and leases (PCI and Non-PCI). Fair value is estimated based on discounted future cash flows using the current interest rates at which loans with similar terms would be made to borrowers of similar credit quality. The inputs used in the fair value measurements for loans and leases are considered Level 3 inputs.
FHLB stock. The carrying amount of FHLB stock is a reasonable estimate of fair value as these securities are not readily marketable and are evaluated for impairment based on the ultimate recoverability of the par value. BancShares considers positive and negative evidence, including the profitability and asset quality of the issuer, dividend payment history and recent redemption experience, when determining the ultimate recoverability of the par value. BancShares believes its investment in FHLB stock is ultimately recoverable at par. The inputs used in the fair value measurement for the FHLB stock are considered Level 2 inputs.
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Mortgage servicing rights. Mortgage servicing rights are carried at the lower of amortized cost or market and are, therefore, carried at fair value only when fair value is less than the amortized cost. The fair value of mortgage servicing rights is performed using a pooling methodology. Similar loans are pooled together and a model that relies on discount rates, estimates of prepayment rates and the weighted average cost to service the loans is used to determine the fair value. The inputs used in the fair value measurement for mortgage servicing rights are considered Level 3 inputs.
Deposits. For non-time deposits, carrying value is a reasonable estimate of fair value. The fair value of time deposits is estimated by discounting future cash flows using the interest rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities. The inputs used in the fair value measurement for deposits are considered Level 2 inputs.
Long-term obligations. For long-term obligations, the fair values are determined based on recent trades or sales of the actual security if available, otherwise, fair values are estimated by discounting future cash flows using current interest rates for similar financial instruments. The inputs used in the fair value measurement for long-term obligations are considered Level 2 inputs.
Payable to the FDIC for shared-loss agreements. The fair value of the payable to the FDIC for shared-loss agreements is determined by the projected cash flows based on expected payments to the FDIC in accordance with the shared-loss agreements. Cash flows are discounted using current discount rates to reflect the timing of the estimated amounts due to the FDIC. The inputs used in the fair value measurement for the payable to the FDIC are considered Level 3 inputs.
Off-balance-sheet commitments and contingencies. Carrying amounts are reasonable estimates of the fair values for such financial instruments. Carrying amounts include unamortized fee income and, in some cases, reserves for any credit losses from those financial instruments. These amounts are not material to BancShares' financial position.
For all other financial assets and financial liabilities, the carrying value is a reasonable estimate of the fair value as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The carrying value and fair value for these assets and liabilities are equivalent because they are relatively short term in nature and there is no interest rate or credit risk that would cause the fair value to differ from the carrying value. Cash and due from banks is classified on the fair value hierarchy as Level 1. Overnight investments, income earned not collected, short-term borrowings and accrued interest payable are considered Level 2.
The table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values for financial instruments as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

(Dollars in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Carrying value |  | Fair value |  | Carrying value |  | Fair value
Cash and due from banks | $ | 262,525 |  |  | $ | 262,525 |  |  | $ | 336,150 |  |  | $ | 336,150 |
Overnight investments | 943,025 |  |  | 943,025 |  |  | 1,387,927 |  |  | 1,387,927 |
Investment securities available for sale | 4,677,351 |  |  | 4,677,351 |  |  | 7,180,180 |  |  | 7,180,180 |
Investment securities held to maturity | 2,253,416 |  |  | 2,238,664 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 81 |
Marketable equity securities | 109,907 |  |  | 109,907 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Loans held for sale | 46,082 |  |  | 46,082 |  |  | 51,179 |  |  | 51,179 |
Net loans and leases | 24,667,150 |  |  | 23,955,732 |  |  | 23,374,932 |  |  | 22,257,803 |
Income earned not collected | 105,616 |  |  | 105,616 |  |  | 95,249 |  |  | 95,249 |
Federal Home Loan Bank stock | 28,438 |  |  | 28,438 |  |  | 52,685 |  |  | 52,685 |
Mortgage servicing rights | 21,633 |  |  | 28,829 |  |  | 21,945 |  |  | 26,170 |
Deposits | 30,163,537 |  |  | 30,115,380 |  |  | 29,266,275 |  |  | 29,230,768 |
Short-term borrowings | 687,749 |  |  | 687,749 |  |  | 693,807 |  |  | 693,807 |
Long-term obligations | 297,487 |  |  | 303,935 |  |  | 870,240 |  |  | 852,112 |
Payable to the FDIC for shared-loss agreements | 104,576 |  |  | 104,615 |  |  | 101,342 |  |  | 102,684 |
Accrued interest payable | 2,400 |  |  | 2,400 |  |  | 3,952 |  |  | 3,952 |

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Among BancShares' assets and liabilities, investment securities available for sale, marketable equity securities and loans held for sale are reported at their fair values on a recurring basis. For assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis, the following table provides fair value information as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

| September 30, 2018
|  |  | Fair value measurements using:
(Dollars in thousands) | Fair value |  | Level 1 inputs |  | Level 2 inputs |  | Level 3 inputs
Assets measured at fair value |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury | $ | 1,505,434 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,505,434 |  |  | $ | — |
Government agency | 127,545 |  |  | — |  |  | 127,545 |  |  | — |
Mortgage-backed securities | 2,919,796 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,919,796 |  |  | — |
Corporate bonds | 119,933 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 119,933 |
Other | 4,643 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,643 |
Total investment securities available for sale | $ | 4,677,351 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,552,775 |  |  | $ | 124,576 |
Marketable equity securities | $ | 109,907 |  |  | $ | 20,242 |  |  | $ | 89,665 |  |  | $ | — |
Loans held for sale | $ | 46,082 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 46,082 |  |  | $ | — |
| December 31, 2017
|  |  | Fair value measurements using:
| Fair value |  | Level 1 inputs |  | Level 2 inputs |  | Level 3 inputs
Assets measured at fair value |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury | $ | 1,657,864 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,657,864 |  |  | $ | — |
Government agency | 8,670 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,670 |  |  | — |
Mortgage-backed securities | 5,340,756 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,340,756 |  |  | — |
Equity securities | 105,208 |  |  | 19,341 |  |  | 85,867 |  |  | — |
Corporate bonds | 59,963 |  |  | — |  |  | 59,963 |  |  | — |
Other | 7,719 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,719 |  |  | — |
Total investment securities available for sale | $ | 7,180,180 |  |  | $ | 19,341 |  |  | $ | 7,160,839 |  |  | $ | — |
Loans held for sale | $ | 51,179 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 51,179 |  |  | $ | — |

During the three months ended September 30, 2018, there were no transfers between levels. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, there were transfers from Level 2 to Level 3 of $59.7 million and $5.6 million of corporate bonds and other investment securities available for sale, respectively. The transfers were due to a lack of observable inputs and trade activity for those securities. There were no transfers between levels for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.
The following tables summarize activity for Level 3 assets:

|  | Three months ended September 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Corporate bonds |  | Other
Balance at July 1, 2018 |  | $ | 108,790 |  |  | $ | 5,643 |
Amounts included in net income |  | 69 |  |  | 7 |
Unrealized net gains (losses) included in other comprehensive income |  | 74 |  |  | (7 | )
Purchases |  | 11,000 |  |  | — |
Sales / Calls |  | — |  |  | (1,000 | )
Balance at September 30, 2018 |  | $ | 119,933 |  |  | $ | 4,643 |

|  | Nine months ended September 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Corporate bonds |  | Other
Balance at January 1, 2018 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Transfers in |  | 59,653 |  |  | 5,618 |
Amounts included in net income |  | 117 |  |  | 14 |
Unrealized net (losses) gains included in other comprehensive income |  | (23 | ) |  | 11 |
Purchases |  | 62,591 |  |  | — |
Sales / Calls |  | (2,405 | ) |  | (1,000 | )
Balance at September 30, 2018 |  | $ | 119,933 |  |  | $ | 4,643 |

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The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2018.

(Dollars in thousands) |  |  |  | September 30, 2018
Level 3 assets |  | Valuation technique |  | Significant unobservable input |  | Fair Value
Corporate bonds |  | Indicative bid provided by broker |  | Multiple factors, including but not limited to, current operations, financial condition, cash flows, and recently executed financing transactions related to the company |  | $ | 119,933 |
Other |  | Indicative bid provided by broker |  | Multiple factors, including but not limited to, current operations, financial condition, cash flows, and recently executed financing transactions related to the company |  | 4,643 |

Fair Value Option
BancShares has elected the fair value option for residential real estate loans originated to be sold. This election reduces certain timing differences in the Consolidated Statement of Income and better aligns with the management of the portfolio from a business perspective. The changes in fair value are recorded as a component of mortgage income and included a loss of $773 thousand and a gain of $104 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the changes in fair value were a loss of $528 thousand and a gain of $3.6 million, respectively.
The following table summarizes the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate unpaid principal balance for residential real estate originated for sale measured at fair value as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

| September 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands) | Fair Value |  | Aggregate Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Difference
Originated loans held for sale | $ | 46,082 |  |  | $ | 45,221 |  |  | $ | 861 |
| December 31, 2017
| Fair Value |  | Aggregate Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Difference
Originated loans held for sale | $ | 51,179 |  |  | $ | 49,796 |  |  | $ | 1,383 |

No originated loans held for sale were 90 or more days past due or on nonaccrual status as of September 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017.
Certain other assets are adjusted to their fair value on a nonrecurring basis, including impaired loans, OREO, and goodwill, which are periodically tested for impairment, and mortgage servicing rights, which are carried at the lower of amortized cost or market. Non-impaired loans held for investment, deposits, short-term borrowings and long-term obligations are not reported at fair value.
Impaired loans are deemed to be at fair value if an associated allowance or current period charge-off has been recorded. The value of impaired loans is determined by either collateral valuations or discounted present value of the expected cash flow calculations. Collateral values are determined using appraisals or other third-party value estimates of the subject property with discounts generally between 6 and 11 percent applied for estimated selling costs and other external factors that may impact the marketability of the property. Expected cash flows are determined using expected payment information at the individual loan level, discounted using the effective interest rate. The effective interest rate generally ranges between 2 and 18 percent.
OREO that has been acquired or written down in the current year is deemed to be at fair value, which uses asset valuations. Asset values are determined using appraisals or other third-party value estimates of the subject property with discounts generally between 6 and 11 percent applied for estimated selling costs and other external factors that may impact the marketability of the property. Changes to the value of the assets between scheduled valuation dates are monitored through continued communication with brokers and monthly reviews by the asset manager assigned to each asset. If there are any significant changes in the market or the subject property, valuations are adjusted or new appraisals ordered to ensure the reported values reflect the most current information.
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For financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, the following table provides fair value information as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

| September 30, 2018
|  |  | Fair value measurements using:
(Dollars in thousands) | Fair value |  | Level 1 inputs |  | Level 2 inputs |  | Level 3 inputs
Impaired loans | $ | 107,614 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 107,614 |
Other real estate remeasured during current year | 27,027 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,027 |
| December 31, 2017
|  |  | Fair value measurements using:
| Fair value |  | Level 1 inputs |  | Level 2 inputs |  | Level 3 inputs
Impaired loans | $ | 72,539 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 72,539 |
Other real estate remeasured during current year | 40,167 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 40,167 |

No financial liabilities were carried at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
NOTE K - EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
BancShares sponsors noncontributory defined benefit pension plans for its qualifying employees (BancShares Plan) and former First Citizens Bancorporation, Inc. employees (Bancorporation Plan). The service cost component of net periodic benefit cost is included in salaries and wages while all other non-service cost components are included in other noninterest expense.
BancShares Plan
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the components of net periodic benefit cost are as follows:

| Three months ended September 30 |  | Nine months ended September 30
(Dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Service cost | $ | 3,396 |  |  | $ | 3,180 |  |  | $ | 10,187 |  |  | $ | 9,490 |
Interest cost | 7,093 |  |  | 7,283 |  |  | 21,281 |  |  | 21,732 |
Expected return on assets | (11,966 | ) |  | (10,589 | ) |  | (35,899 | ) |  | (31,594 | )
Amortization of prior service cost | 19 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 158 |
Amortization of net actuarial loss | 3,398 |  |  | 2,214 |  |  | 10,192 |  |  | 6,641 |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 1,940 |  |  | $ | 2,141 |  |  | $ | 5,820 |  |  | $ | 6,427 |

Bancorporation Plan
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the components of net periodic benefit cost are as follows:

| Three months ended September 30 |  | Nine months ended September 30
(Dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Service cost | $ | 643 |  |  | $ | 569 |  |  | $ | 1,929 |  |  | $ | 1,910 |
Interest cost | 1,588 |  |  | 1,624 |  |  | 4,767 |  |  | 4,989 |
Expected return on assets | (3,106 | ) |  | (2,783 | ) |  | (9,322 | ) |  | (8,375 | )
Amortization of net actuarial loss | 78 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 235 |  |  | 491 |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | (797 | ) |  | $ | (527 | ) |  | $ | (2,391 | ) |  | $ | (985 | )

Discretionary contributions of $50.0 million were made to the BancShares pension plan on September 10, 2018 for the 2017 plan year. Management evaluates the need for its pension plan contributions on a periodic basis based upon numerous factors including, but not limited to, the funded status of and returns on the BancShares pension plan, discount rates and the current economic environment. No contribution is expected to be made to either pension plan for the 2018 plan year.
NOTE L - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
To meet the financing needs of its customers, BancShares and its subsidiaries have financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit and recourse obligations on mortgage loans sold. These instruments involve elements of credit, interest rate or liquidity risk.
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Commitments to extend credit are legally binding agreements to lend to customers. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of fees. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future liquidity requirements. Established credit standards control the credit risk exposure associated with these commitments. In some cases, BancShares requires that collateral be pledged to secure the commitment, including cash deposits, securities and other assets.
Standby letters of credit are commitments guaranteeing performance of a customer to a third party. Those commitments are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements, and the fair value of those commitments is not material. To mitigate its risk, BancShares’ credit policies govern the issuance of standby letters of credit. The credit risk related to the issuance of these letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to clients and, therefore, these letters of credit are collateralized when necessary.
The following table presents the commitments to extend credit and unfunded commitments as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

(Dollars in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Unused commitments to extend credit | $ | 9,801,361 |  |  | $ | 9,629,365 |
Standby letters of credit | 87,858 |  |  | 81,530 |
Unfunded commitments for investments in affordable housing projects | 74,777 |  |  | 61,819 |

Affordable housing project investments were $151.5 million and $128.0 million as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, and are included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
BancShares and various subsidiaries have been named as defendants in legal actions arising from their normal business activities in which damages in various amounts are claimed. BancShares is also exposed to litigation risk relating to the prior business activities of banks from which assets were acquired and liabilities assumed in the various merger transactions. Although the amount of any ultimate liability with respect to such matters cannot be determined, in the opinion of management, any such liability will not have a material effect on BancShares’ consolidated financial statements.
NOTE M - ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME
Accumulated other comprehensive loss included the following as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

| September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) | Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | Deferred tax benefit |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | Deferred tax benefit |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax
Unrealized losses on securities available for sale | $ | (88,481 | ) |  | $ | (20,350 | ) |  | $ | (68,131 | ) |  | $ | (48,834 | ) |  | $ | (17,889 | ) |  | $ | (30,945 | )
Unrealized losses on securities available for sale transferred to held to maturity | (98,532 | ) |  | (22,663 | ) |  | (75,869 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Funded status of defined benefit plans | (134,513 | ) |  | (30,938 | ) |  | (103,575 | ) |  | (144,999 | ) |  | (53,650 | ) |  | (91,349 | )
Total | $ | (321,526 | ) |  | $ | (73,951 | ) |  | $ | (247,575 | ) |  | $ | (193,833 | ) |  | $ | (71,539 | ) |  | $ | (122,294 | )

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The following table highlights changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017:

| Three months ended September 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands) | Unrealized (losses) gains on securities available for sale 1 |  | Unrealized losses on securities available for sale transferred to held to maturity 1 |  | Defined benefit pension items 1 |  | Total
Beginning balance | $ | (57,496 | ) |  | $ | (80,876 | ) |  | $ | (106,266 | ) |  | $ | (244,638 | )
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications | (10,635 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10,635 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income | — |  |  | 5,007 |  |  | 2,691 |  |  | 7,698 |
Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income | (10,635 | ) |  | 5,007 |  |  | 2,691 |  |  | (2,937 | )
Ending balance | $ | (68,131 | ) |  | $ | (75,869 | ) |  | $ | (103,575 | ) |  | $ | (247,575 | )
| Three months ended September 30, 2017
| Unrealized (losses) gains on securities available for sale 1 |  | Unrealized losses on securities available for sale transferred to held to maturity 1 |  | Defined benefit pension items 1 |  | Total
Beginning balance | $ | (16,648 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (86,195 | ) |  | $ | (102,843 | )
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | 9,895 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,895 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | (842 | ) |  | — |  |  | 1,466 |  |  | 624 |
Net current period other comprehensive income | 9,053 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,466 |  |  | 10,519 |
Ending balance | $ | (7,595 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (84,729 | ) |  | $ | (92,324 | )
| Nine months ended September 30, 2018
| Unrealized (losses) gains on securities 1 |  | Unrealized losses on securities available for sale transferred to held to maturity 1 |  | Defined benefit pension items 1 |  | Total
Beginning balance | $ | (30,945 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (91,349 | ) |  | $ | (122,294 | )
Cumulative effect adjustments | (29,752 | ) |  | — |  |  | (20,300 | ) |  | (50,052 | )
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications | (7,434 | ) |  | (84,321 | ) |  | — |  |  | (91,755 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income | — |  |  | 8,452 |  |  | 8,074 |  |  | 16,526 |
Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income | (7,434 | ) |  | (75,869 | ) |  | 8,074 |  |  | (75,229 | )
Ending balance | $ | (68,131 | ) |  | $ | (75,869 | ) |  | $ | (103,575 | ) |  | $ | (247,575 | )
| Nine months ended September 30, 2017
| Unrealized (losses) gains on securities 1 |  | Unrealized losses on securities available for sale transferred to held to maturity 1 |  | Defined benefit pension items 1 |  | Total
Beginning balance | $ | (45,875 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (89,317 | ) |  | $ | (135,192 | )
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | 41,218 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 41,218 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | (2,938 | ) |  | — |  |  | 4,588 |  |  | 1,650 |
Net current period other comprehensive income | 38,280 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,588 |  |  | 42,868 |
Ending balance | $ | (7,595 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (84,729 | ) |  | $ | (92,324 | )

1 All amounts are net of tax. Amounts in parentheses indicate debits.
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The following table presents the amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and the line item affected in the statement where net income is presented for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

(Dollars in thousands) |  | Three months ended September 30, 2018
Details about accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  | Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)1 |  | Affected line item in the statement where net income is presented
Amortization of unrealized losses on securities available for sale transferred to held to maturity |  | $ | (6,502 | ) |  | Other
|  | 1,495 |  |  | Income taxes
|  | $ | (5,007 | ) |  | Net Income
Amortization of defined benefit pension items |  |  |  |
Prior service costs |  | $ | (19 | ) |  | Salaries and wages
Actuarial losses |  | (3,476 | ) |  | Other
|  | (3,495 | ) |  | Income before income taxes
|  | 804 |  |  | Income taxes
|  | $ | (2,691 | ) |  | Net income
Total reclassifications for the period |  | $ | (7,698 | ) |  |
|  | Three months ended September 30, 2017
Details about accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  | Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)1 |  | Affected line item in the statement where net income is presented
Unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale |  | $ | 1,337 |  |  | Securities gains, net
|  | (495 | ) |  | Income taxes
|  | $ | 842 |  |  | Net income
Amortization of defined benefit pension items |  |  |  |
Prior service costs |  | $ | (53 | ) |  | Salaries and wages
Actuarial losses |  | (2,277 | ) |  | Other
|  | (2,330 | ) |  | Income before income taxes
|  | 864 |  |  | Income taxes
|  | $ | (1,466 | ) |  | Net income
Total reclassifications for the period |  | $ | (624 | ) |  |
|  | Nine months ended September 30, 2018
Details about accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  | Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)1 |  | Affected line item in the statement where net income is presented
Amortization of unrealized losses on securities available for sale transferred to held to maturity |  | $ | (10,975 | ) |  | Other
|  | 2,523 |  |  | Income taxes
|  | $ | (8,452 | ) |  | Net income
Amortization of defined benefit pension items |  |  |  |
Prior service costs |  | $ | (59 | ) |  | Salaries and wages
Actuarial losses |  | (10,427 | ) |  | Other
|  | (10,486 | ) |  | Employee benefits
|  | 2,412 |  |  | Income taxes
|  | $ | (8,074 | ) |  | Net income
Total reclassifications for the period |  | $ | (16,526 | ) |  |
|  | Nine months ended September 30, 2017
Details about accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  | Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)1 |  | Affected line item in the statement where net income is presented
Unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale |  | $ | 4,664 |  |  | Securities gains, net
|  | (1,726 | ) |  | Income taxes
|  | $ | 2,938 |  |  | Net income
Amortization of defined benefit pension items |  |  |  |
Prior service costs |  | $ | (158 | ) |  | Salaries and wages
Actuarial losses |  | (7,132 | ) |  | Other
|  | (7,290 | ) |  | Employee benefits
|  | 2,702 |  |  | Income taxes
|  | $ | (4,588 | ) |  | Net income
Total reclassifications for the period |  | $ | (1,650 | ) |  |

1 Amounts in parentheses indicate debits to profit/loss.
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Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Management’s discussion and analysis (MD&A) of earnings and related financial data are presented to assist in understanding the financial condition and results of operations of First Citizens BancShares, Inc. and Subsidiaries (BancShares). This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes presented within this report along with our financial statements and related MD&A of financial condition and results of operations included in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Although certain amounts for prior years have been reclassified to conform to statement presentations for 2018, the reclassifications had no effect on shareholders’ equity or net income as previously reported. Unless otherwise noted, the terms “we,” “us” and “BancShares” refer to the consolidated financial position and consolidated results of operations for BancShares.
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
BancShares conducts its banking operations through its wholly-owned subsidiary First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company (FCB), a state-chartered bank organized under the laws of the state of North Carolina.
BancShares’ earnings and cash flows are primarily derived from our commercial and retail banking activities. We gather deposits from retail and commercial customers and also secure funding through various non-deposit sources. We invest the liquidity generated from these funding sources in interest-earning assets, including loans and leases, investment securities and overnight investments. We also invest in bank premises, hardware, software, furniture and equipment used to conduct our commercial and retail banking business. We provide treasury services products, cardholder and merchant services, wealth management services and various other products and services typically offered by commercial banks. The fees and service charges generated from these products and services are primary sources of noninterest income which is an essential component of our total revenue.
Interest rates have presented significant challenges to commercial banks' efforts to generate earnings and shareholder value. Our strategy continues to focus on maintaining an interest rate risk profile that will benefit net interest income in a rising rate environment. Management drives to this goal by focusing on core customer deposits and loans in the targeted interest rate risk profile. Additionally, our initiatives focus on growth of noninterest income sources, control of noninterest expenses, optimization of our branch network, and further enhancements to our technology and delivery channels. Refer to our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 for further discussion of our strategy.
Significant Events in 2018
On November 1, 2018, FCB completed the merger of Pawley's Island, South Carolina-based Palmetto Heritage Bancshares, Inc. (Palmetto Heritage) and its subsidiary, Palmetto Heritage Bank and Trust, into FCB.
On October 2, 2018, FCB completed the merger of Milwaukee, Wisconsin-based Capital Commerce Bancorp, Inc. (Capital Commerce) and its subsidiary, Securant Bank and Trust, into FCB.
On May 1, 2018, FCB completed the merger of Tampa, Florida-based HomeBancorp, Inc. (HomeBancorp) and its subsidiary, HomeBanc, into FCB.
RECENT ECONOMIC AND INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENTS
Various external factors influence the focus of our business efforts and the results of our operations can change significantly based on those external factors. Third quarter 2018 national economic results indicate solid labor market conditions, strong gains in employment as well as strong growth rates in household spending and business capital spending. The national unemployment rate declined from 4.0 percent in June 2018 to 3.7 percent in September 2018. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, the U.S. economy added approximately 569,000 new nonfarm payroll jobs during the third quarter of 2018. The U.S. housing market remains stable as a result of solid housing demand fueled by low mortgage interest rates, economic growth and job creation.
The Federal Reserve’s Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) indicated in the third quarter that the U.S. labor market continued to strengthen and economic activity has been rising at a solid rate. In view of realized and expected labor market conditions and inflation, the FOMC decided to raise the target range for the federal funds rate by 25 basis points to 2.0 to 2.25 percent. In determining the timing and size of future adjustments to the target range for the federal funds rates, the FOMC will assess realized and expected economic conditions relative to its objectives of maximum employment and 2.0 percent inflation.
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The trends in the banking industry are similar to those of the broader economy as shown in the latest national banking results from the second quarter of 2018. FDIC-insured institutions reported a 25.1 percent increase in net income compared to the second quarter of 2017 as a result of growth in net interest income, higher noninterest income and a lower effective tax rate due to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (Tax Act). Using the higher effective tax rate before the enactment of the Tax Act, estimated net income for the second quarter of 2018 would have increased 11.7 percent compared to the same period in 2017. Loan-loss provisions declined modestly by 2.0 percent while noninterest expense rose by 4.6 percent from a year earlier. Banking industry average net interest margin was 3.38 percent in the second quarter of 2018, up from 3.22 percent in the second quarter of 2017 as growth in average asset yields outpaced average funding costs. Total loans and leases increased by 4.2 percent over the past twelve months due to growth in commercial and industrial loans, residential mortgage loans, credit cards and nonfarm nonresidential loans.
EARNINGS PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
BancShares' consolidated net income for the third quarter of 2018 was $117.3 million, or $9.80 per share, compared to $93.3 million, or $7.77 per share, for the second quarter of 2018, and $67.1 million, or $5.58 per share, for the corresponding period of 2017. BancShares’ current quarter results generated an annualized return on average assets of 1.33 percent and an annualized return on average equity of 13.41 percent, compared to respective returns of 1.08 percent and 11.00 percent for the second quarter of 2018, and 0.77 percent and 8.10 percent for the third quarter of 2017. Net interest margin for the third quarter of 2018 was 3.73 percent, compared to 3.64 percent for the second quarter of 2018 and 3.35 percent for the third quarter of the prior year.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, net income was $310.8 million, or $25.91 per share, compared to $269.3 million, or $22.43 per share, reported for the same period of 2017. Annualized returns on average assets and average equity were 1.20 percent and 12.22 percent, respectively, through September 30, 2018, compared to 1.06 percent and 11.37 percent, respectively, for the same period a year earlier. Year-to-date 2018 earnings included a pre-tax gain of $26.5 million resulting from the extinguishment of Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) debt obligations as well as favorable impacts from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (Tax Act). Year-to-date 2017 earnings included pre-tax acquisition gains of $134.7 million recognized in connection with the FDIC-assisted transactions of Guaranty Bank (Guaranty) and Harvest Community Bank (HCB).
Key highlights in the third quarter of 2018 include:

• | Loans grew by $347.9 million to $24.89 billion, or by 5.6 percent on an annualized basis, from June 30, 2018, primarily due to originated portfolio growth.

• | A tax benefit of $15.7 million was recorded during the third quarter of 2018, as a result of updating the original provisional amount recorded for the effects of the Tax Act.

• | Net interest income increased $11.1 million, or by 3.8 percent, compared to the second quarter of 2018. The increase was primarily due to higher loan balances and yields, as well as improved investment yields.

• | The taxable-equivalent net interest margin increased 9 basis points to 3.73 percent, compared to the second quarter of 2018, primarily due to higher loan yields and balances, as well as improved investment yields.

• | BancShares remained well capitalized with a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio and common equity Tier 1 ratio of 13.23 percent, total risk-based capital ratio of 14.57 percent and leverage capital ratio of 10.11 percent at September 30, 2018.

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Table 1
Selected Quarterly Data

| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | Nine months ended September 30 |
| Third |  | Second |  | First |  | Fourth |  | Third |  |
(Dollars in thousands, except share data) | Quarter |  | Quarter |  | Quarter |  | Quarter |  | Quarter |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |
SUMMARY OF OPERATIONS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | $ | 315,706 |  |  | $ | 303,877 |  |  | $ | 292,601 |  |  | $ | 285,958 |  |  | $ | 284,333 |  |  | $ | 912,184 |  |  | $ | 817,732 |  |
Interest expense | 8,344 |  |  | 7,658 |  |  | 8,164 |  |  | 11,189 |  |  | 11,158 |  |  | 24,166 |  |  | 32,605 |  |
Net interest income | 307,362 |  |  | 296,219 |  |  | 284,437 |  |  | 274,769 |  |  | 273,175 |  |  | 888,018 |  |  | 785,127 |  |
Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses | 840 |  |  | 8,438 |  |  | 7,605 |  |  | (2,809 | ) |  | 7,946 |  |  | 16,883 |  |  | 28,501 |  |
Net interest income after provision for loan and lease losses | 306,522 |  |  | 287,781 |  |  | 276,832 |  |  | 277,578 |  |  | 265,229 |  |  | 871,135 |  |  | 756,626 |  |
Gain on acquisitions | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 134,745 |  |
Noninterest income excluding gain on acquisitions | 94,531 |  |  | 100,927 |  |  | 122,684 |  |  | 108,606 |  |  | 96,062 |  |  | 318,142 |  |  | 278,605 |  |
Noninterest expense | 267,537 |  |  | 265,993 |  |  | 268,063 |  |  | 263,073 |  |  | 257,642 |  |  | 801,593 |  |  | 749,389 |  |
Income before income taxes | 133,516 |  |  | 122,715 |  |  | 131,453 |  |  | 123,111 |  |  | 103,649 |  |  | 387,684 |  |  | 420,587 |  |
Income taxes | 16,198 |  |  | 29,424 |  |  | 31,222 |  |  | 68,704 |  |  | 36,585 |  |  | 76,844 |  |  | 151,242 |  |
Net income | $ | 117,318 |  |  | $ | 93,291 |  |  | $ | 100,231 |  |  | $ | 54,407 |  |  | $ | 67,064 |  |  | $ | 310,840 |  |  | $ | 269,345 |  |
Net interest income, taxable equivalent | $ | 308,207 |  |  | $ | 297,021 |  |  | $ | 285,248 |  |  | $ | 276,002 |  |  | $ | 274,272 |  |  | $ | 890,476 |  |  | $ | 788,414 |  |
PER SHARE DATA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 9.80 |  |  | $ | 7.77 |  |  | $ | 8.35 |  |  | $ | 4.53 |  |  | $ | 5.58 |  |  | $ | 25.91 |  |  | $ | 22.43 |  |
Cash dividends | 0.35 |  |  | 0.35 |  |  | 0.35 |  |  | 0.35 |  |  | 0.30 |  |  | 1.05 |  |  | 0.90 |  |
Market price at period end (Class A) | 452.28 |  |  | 403.30 |  |  | 413.24 |  |  | 403.00 |  |  | 373.89 |  |  | 452.28 |  |  | 373.89 |  |
Book value at period end | 294.40 |  |  | 286.99 |  |  | 280.77 |  |  | 277.60 |  |  | 275.91 |  |  | 294.40 |  |  | 275.91 |  |
SELECTED QUARTERLY AVERAGE BALANCES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 34,937,175 |  |  | $ | 34,673,927 |  |  | $ | 34,267,945 |  |  | $ | 34,864,720 |  |  | $ | 34,590,503 |  |  | $ | 34,628,652 |  |  | $ | 34,113,525 |  |
Investment securities | 7,129,089 |  |  | 7,091,442 |  |  | 7,053,001 |  |  | 7,044,534 |  |  | 6,906,345 |  |  | 7,091,456 |  |  | 7,033,878 |  |
Loans and leases (1) | 24,698,799 |  |  | 24,205,363 |  |  | 23,666,098 |  |  | 23,360,235 |  |  | 22,997,195 |  |  | 24,193,870 |  |  | 22,511,818 |  |
Interest-earning assets | 32,886,276 |  |  | 32,669,810 |  |  | 32,320,431 |  |  | 32,874,233 |  |  | 32,555,597 |  |  | 32,627,578 |  |  | 31,991,031 |  |
Deposits | 30,237,329 |  |  | 30,100,615 |  |  | 29,472,125 |  |  | 29,525,843 |  |  | 29,319,384 |  |  | 29,939,492 |  |  | 28,982,354 |  |
Long-term obligations | 261,821 |  |  | 233,373 |  |  | 404,065 |  |  | 866,198 |  |  | 887,948 |  |  | 299,232 |  |  | 835,000 |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities | 18,783,160 |  |  | 18,885,168 |  |  | 19,031,404 |  |  | 19,425,404 |  |  | 19,484,663 |  |  | 18,899,001 |  |  | 19,627,222 |  |
Shareholders' equity | $ | 3,470,368 |  |  | $ | 3,400,867 |  |  | $ | 3,333,114 |  |  | $ | 3,329,562 |  |  | $ | 3,284,044 |  |  | $ | 3,401,450 |  |  | $ | 3,167,684 |  |
Shares outstanding | 11,971,460 |  |  | 12,010,405 |  |  | 12,010,405 |  |  | 12,010,405 |  |  | 12,010,405 |  |  | 11,997,281 |  |  | 12,010,405 |  |
SELECTED QUARTER-END BALANCES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 34,954,659 |  |  | $ | 35,088,566 |  |  | $ | 34,436,437 |  |  | $ | 34,527,512 |  |  | $ | 34,584,154 |  |  | $ | 34,954,659 |  |  | $ | 34,584,154 |  |
Investment securities | 7,040,674 |  |  | 7,190,545 |  |  | 6,967,921 |  |  | 7,180,256 |  |  | 6,992,955 |  |  | 7,040,674 |  |  | 6,992,955 |  |
Loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PCI | 638,018 |  |  | 674,269 |  |  | 703,837 |  |  | 762,998 |  |  | 834,167 |  |  | 638,018 |  |  | 834,167 |  |
Non-PCI | 24,248,329 |  |  | 23,864,168 |  |  | 22,908,140 |  |  | 22,833,827 |  |  | 22,314,906 |  |  | 24,248,329 |  |  | 22,314,906 |  |
Deposits | 30,163,537 |  |  | 30,408,884 |  |  | 29,969,245 |  |  | 29,266,275 |  |  | 29,333,949 |  |  | 30,163,537 |  |  | 29,333,949 |  |
Long-term obligations | 297,487 |  |  | 241,360 |  |  | 194,413 |  |  | 870,240 |  |  | 866,123 |  |  | 297,487 |  |  | 866,123 |  |
Shareholders' equity | $ | 3,499,013 |  |  | $ | 3,446,886 |  |  | $ | 3,372,114 |  |  | $ | 3,334,064 |  |  | $ | 3,313,831 |  |  | $ | 3,499,013 |  |  | $ | 3,313,831 |  |
Shares outstanding | 11,885,405 |  |  | 12,010,405 |  |  | 12,010,405 |  |  | 12,010,405 |  |  | 12,010,405 |  |  | 11,885,405 |  |  | 12,010,405 |  |
SELECTED RATIOS AND OTHER DATA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rate of return on average assets (annualized) | 1.33 |  | % | 1.08 |  | % | 1.19 |  | % | 0.62 |  | % | 0.77 |  | % | 1.20 |  | % | 1.06 |  | %
Rate of return on average shareholders' equity (annualized) | 13.41 |  |  | 11.00 |  |  | 12.20 |  |  | 6.48 |  |  | 8.10 |  |  | 12.22 |  |  | 11.37 |  |
Net yield on interest-earning assets (taxable equivalent) | 3.73 |  |  | 3.64 |  |  | 3.57 |  |  | 3.34 |  |  | 3.35 |  |  | 3.65 |  |  | 3.29 |  |
Allowance for loan and lease losses to total loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PCI | 1.71 |  |  | 1.84 |  |  | 1.75 |  |  | 1.31 |  |  | 1.55 |  |  | 1.71 |  |  | 1.55 |  |
Non-PCI | 0.86 |  |  | 0.89 |  |  | 0.92 |  |  | 0.93 |  |  | 0.98 |  |  | 0.86 |  |  | 0.98 |  |
Total | 0.88 |  |  | 0.92 |  |  | 0.94 |  |  | 0.94 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  | 0.88 |  |  | 1.00 |  |
Ratio of total nonperforming assets to total loans, leases and other real estate owned | 0.52 |  |  | 0.54 |  |  | 0.59 |  |  | 0.61 |  |  | 0.63 |  |  | 0.52 |  |  | 0.63 |  |
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio | 13.23 |  |  | 13.06 |  |  | 13.38 |  |  | 12.88 |  |  | 12.95 |  |  | 13.23 |  |  | 12.95 |  |
Common equity Tier 1 ratio | 13.23 |  |  | 13.06 |  |  | 13.38 |  |  | 12.88 |  |  | 12.95 |  |  | 13.23 |  |  | 12.95 |  |
Total risk-based capital ratio | 14.57 |  |  | 14.43 |  |  | 14.70 |  |  | 14.21 |  |  | 14.34 |  |  | 14.57 |  |  | 14.34 |  |
Leverage capital ratio | 10.11 |  |  | 9.99 |  |  | 10.02 |  |  | 9.47 |  |  | 9.43 |  |  | 10.11 |  |  | 9.43 |  |
Dividend payout ratio | 3.57 |  |  | 4.50 |  |  | 4.19 |  |  | 7.73 |  |  | 5.38 |  |  | 4.05 |  |  | 4.01 |  |
Average loans and leases to average deposits | 81.68 |  |  | 80.41 |  |  | 80.30 |  |  | 79.12 |  |  | 78.44 |  |  | 80.81 |  |  | 77.67 |  |

(1) Average loan and lease balances include PCI loans, non-PCI loans and leases, loans held for sale and nonaccrual loans and leases.
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BUSINESS COMBINATIONS
Palmetto Heritage Bancshares, Inc.
On November 1, 2018, FCB completed the merger of Pawley's Island, South Carolina-based Palmetto Heritage Bancshares, Inc. (Palmetto Heritage) and its subsidiary, Palmetto Heritage Bank & Trust, into FCB. Under the terms of the agreement, cash consideration of $135.00 per share was paid to the shareholders of Palmetto Heritage for each share of Palmetto Heritage's common stock with total consideration paid of $30.4 million. The transaction was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. The merger allowed FCB to expand its presence and enhance banking efforts in the South Carolina coastal markets. As of September 30, 2018, Palmetto Heritage reported $164.9 million in consolidated assets, $136.4 million in loans and $123.1 million in deposits.
Capital Commerce Bancorp, Inc.
On October 2, 2018, FCB completed the merger of Milwaukee, Wisconsin-based Capital Commerce Bancorp, Inc. (Capital Commerce) and its subsidiary, Securant Bank & Trust, into FCB. Under the terms of the agreement, cash consideration of $4.75 per share was paid to the shareholders of Capital Commerce for each share of Capital Commerce's common stock totaling approximately $28.1 million. The Capital Commerce transaction was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. The merger allowed FCB to expand its presence and enhance banking efforts in the Milwaukee market. As of September 30, 2018, Capital Commerce reported $222.3 million in consolidated assets, $189.6 million in loans and $171.9 million in deposits.
HomeBancorp, Inc.
On May 1, 2018, FCB completed the merger of Tampa, Florida-based HomeBancorp, Inc. (HomeBancorp) and its subsidiary, HomeBanc, into FCB. Under the terms of the merger agreement, cash consideration of $15.03 was paid to the shareholders of HomeBancorp for each share of HomeBancorp's common stock and total consideration was $112.7 million. The merger allowed FCB to expand its footprint in Florida by entering into two new markets in Tampa and Orlando.
The HomeBancorp transaction was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting and, accordingly, assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their estimated fair value on the acquisition date. At the date of acquisition, non-PCI loans acquired were $550.6 million and PCI loans acquired were $15.6 million.
The following table provides the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date.
Table 2
HomeBancorp

(Dollars in thousands) | As recorded by FCB
Purchase Price |  |  | $ | 112,657 |
Assets |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 6,359 |  |  |
Overnight investments | 10,393 |  |  |
Investment securities | 200,918 |  |  |
Loans held for sale | 791 |  |  |
Loans | 566,173 |  |  |
Premises and equipment | 6,542 |  |  |
Other real estate owned | 2,135 |  |  |
Income earned not collected | 2,717 |  |  |
Intangible assets | 13,206 |  |  |
Other assets | 33,459 |  |  |
Total assets acquired | 842,693 |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |
Deposits | 619,589 |  |  |
Short-term borrowings | 108,973 |  |  |
Accrued interest payable | 1,020 |  |  |
Long-term obligations | 52,944 |  |  |
Other liabilities | 5,126 |  |  |
Total liabilities assumed | 787,652 |  |  |
Fair value of net assets assumed |  |  | 55,041 |
Goodwill recorded for HomeBancorp |  |  | $ | 57,616 |

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Fair values are preliminary and subject to refinement for up to one year after the closing date of the acquisition as additional information regarding closing date fair values becomes available.
Merger-related expenses of $210 thousand and $1.9 million were recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. Loan-related interest income generated from HomeBancorp was approximately $6.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and $11.8 million since the acquisition date. The ongoing contributions of this transaction to BancShares' financial statements is not considered material, and therefore pro forma financial data is not included.
FDIC-Assisted Transactions
BancShares completed eleven FDIC-assisted transactions during the period beginning in 2009 through 2017. Prior to its merger into BancShares in 2014, First Citizens Bancorporation, Inc. (Bancorporation) completed three FDIC-assisted transactions. These transactions provided us significant contributions to capital and earnings. Nine of the fourteen FDIC-assisted transactions (including the three completed by Bancorporation) included shared-loss agreements that, for their terms, protect us from a substantial portion of the credit and asset quality risk we would otherwise incur. As of September 30, 2018, shared-loss protection remains for single family residential loans acquired in the amount of $58.9 million.
The shared-loss agreements for two FDIC-assisted transactions include provisions related to payments that may be owed to the FDIC at the termination of the agreements (clawback liability). As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the estimated clawback liability was $104.6 million and $101.3 million, respectively. The clawback liability payment dates are March 2020 and March 2021.
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Table 3
Consolidated Quarter-to-Date Average Taxable-Equivalent Balance Sheets

| Three months ended |
| September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2017 |
|  |  | Interest |  |  |  |  |  | Interest |  |  |
| Average |  | Income/ |  | Yield/ |  | Average |  | Income/ |  | Yield/ |
(Dollars in thousands) | Balance |  | Expense |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Expense |  | Rate |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans and leases | $ | 24,698,799 |  |  | $ | 272,868 |  |  | 4.39 |  | % | $ | 22,997,195 |  |  | $ | 247,262 |  |  | 4.27 |  | %
Investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U. S. Treasury | 1,504,594 |  |  | 7,104 |  |  | 1.87 |  |  | 1,617,153 |  |  | 4,580 |  |  | 1.12 |  |
Government agency | 129,634 |  |  | 840 |  |  | 2.59 |  |  | 41,001 |  |  | 171 |  |  | 1.66 |  |
Mortgage-backed securities | 5,266,282 |  |  | 29,160 |  |  | 2.21 |  |  | 5,075,795 |  |  | 23,912 |  |  | 1.88 |  |
Corporate bonds and other | 121,855 |  |  | 1,609 |  |  | 5.28 |  |  | 62,338 |  |  | 974 |  |  | 6.25 |  |
State, county and municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Marketable equity securities | 106,724 |  |  | 249 |  |  | 0.93 |  |  | 110,058 |  |  | 164 |  |  | 0.59 |  |
Total investment securities | 7,129,089 |  |  | 38,962 |  |  | 2.18 |  |  | 6,906,345 |  |  | 29,801 |  |  | 1.72 |  |
Overnight investments | 1,058,388 |  |  | 4,721 |  |  | 1.77 |  |  | 2,652,057 |  |  | 8,367 |  |  | 1.25 |  |
Total interest-earning assets | 32,886,276 |  |  | $ | 316,551 |  |  | 3.83 |  | % | 32,555,597 |  |  | $ | 285,430 |  |  | 3.48 |  | %
Cash and due from banks | 268,307 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 354,598 |  |  |  |  |  |
Premises and equipment | 1,169,440 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,135,003 |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan and lease losses | (225,627 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (229,354 | ) |  |  |  |  |
Other real estate owned | 45,037 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 56,815 |  |  |  |  |  |
Other assets | 793,742 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 717,844 |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 34,937,175 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 34,590,503 |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Checking with interest | $ | 5,177,349 |  |  | $ | 319 |  |  | 0.02 |  | % | $ | 4,981,667 |  |  | $ | 255 |  |  | 0.02 |  | %
Savings | 2,506,421 |  |  | 210 |  |  | 0.03 |  |  | 2,320,899 |  |  | 173 |  |  | 0.03 |  |
Money market accounts | 7,878,484 |  |  | 2,455 |  |  | 0.12 |  |  | 8,053,197 |  |  | 1,690 |  |  | 0.08 |  |
Time deposits | 2,367,980 |  |  | 2,163 |  |  | 0.36 |  |  | 2,559,977 |  |  | 1,721 |  |  | 0.27 |  |
Total interest-bearing deposits | 17,930,234 |  |  | 5,147 |  |  | 0.11 |  |  | 17,915,740 |  |  | 3,839 |  |  | 0.09 |  |
Repurchase agreements | 547,385 |  |  | 398 |  |  | 0.29 |  |  | 594,344 |  |  | 613 |  |  | 0.41 |  |
Other short-term borrowings | 43,720 |  |  | 287 |  |  | 2.57 |  |  | 86,631 |  |  | 816 |  |  | 3.71 |  |
Long-term obligations | 261,821 |  |  | 2,512 |  |  | 3.77 |  |  | 887,948 |  |  | 5,890 |  |  | 2.61 |  |
Total interest-bearing liabilities | 18,783,160 |  |  | 8,344 |  |  | 0.18 |  |  | 19,484,663 |  |  | 11,158 |  |  | 0.22 |  |
Noninterest-bearing deposits | 12,307,095 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11,403,644 |  |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities | 376,552 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 418,152 |  |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders' equity | 3,470,368 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,284,044 |  |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity | $ | 34,937,175 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 34,590,503 |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate spread |  |  |  |  | 3.65 |  | % |  |  |  |  | 3.26 |  | %
Net interest income and net yield on interest-earning assets |  |  | $ | 308,207 |  |  | 3.73 |  | % |  |  | $ | 274,272 |  |  | 3.35 |  | %

Loans and leases include PCI loans, non-PCI loans, nonaccrual loans and loans held for sale. Yields related to loans, leases and securities exempt from both federal and state income taxes, federal income taxes only, or state income taxes only are stated on a taxable-equivalent basis assuming statutory federal income tax rates of 21.0 percent, 21.0 percent and 35.0 percent as well as state income tax rates of 3.4 percent, 3.4 percent and 3.1 percent for the three months ended September 30, 2018, June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively. The taxable-equivalent adjustment was $845, $802 and $1,097 for the three months ended September 30, 2018, June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively.
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Table 4
Consolidated Year-to-Date Average Taxable-Equivalent Balance Sheets

| Nine months ended |
| September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2017 |
|  |  | Interest |  |  |  |  |  | Interest |  |  |
| Average |  | Income/ |  | Yield/ |  | Average |  | Income/ |  | Yield/ |
(Dollars in thousands) | Balance |  | Expense |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Expense |  | Rate |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans and leases | $ | 24,193,870 |  |  | $ | 787,198 |  |  | 4.35 |  | % | $ | 22,511,818 |  |  | $ | 711,634 |  |  | 4.23 |  | %
Investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury | 1,534,720 |  |  | 21,016 |  |  | 1.83 |  |  | 1,628,129 |  |  | 13,232 |  |  | 1.09 |  |
Government agency | 76,829 |  |  | 1,408 |  |  | 2.44 |  |  | 48,819 |  |  | 578 |  |  | 1.58 |  |
Mortgage-backed securities | 5,277,376 |  |  | 84,438 |  |  | 2.13 |  |  | 5,198,001 |  |  | 72,990 |  |  | 1.87 |  |
Corporate bonds and other | 94,293 |  |  | 3,917 |  |  | 5.54 |  |  | 59,952 |  |  | 2,886 |  |  | 6.42 |  |
State, county and municipal | 254 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 4.07 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Marketable equity securities | 107,984 |  |  | 725 |  |  | 0.90 |  |  | 98,977 |  |  | 452 |  |  | 0.61 |  |
Total investment securities | 7,091,456 |  |  | 111,512 |  |  | 2.10 |  |  | 7,033,878 |  |  | 90,138 |  |  | 1.71 |  |
Overnight investments | 1,342,252 |  |  | 15,932 |  |  | 1.59 |  |  | 2,445,335 |  |  | 19,247 |  |  | 1.05 |  |
Total interest-earning assets | 32,627,578 |  |  | $ | 914,642 |  |  | 3.75 |  | % | 31,991,031 |  |  | $ | 821,019 |  |  | 3.43 |  | %
Cash and due from banks | 281,146 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 451,056 |  |  |  |  |  |
Premises and equipment | 1,158,443 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,131,967 |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan and lease losses | (223,835 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (224,380 | ) |  |  |  |  |
Other real estate owned | 47,408 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 57,953 |  |  |  |  |  |
Other assets | 737,912 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 705,898 |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 34,628,652 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 34,113,525 |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Checking with interest | $ | 5,166,255 |  |  | $ | 926 |  |  | 0.02 |  | % | $ | 4,932,073 |  |  | $ | 760 |  |  | 0.02 |  | %
Savings | 2,451,667 |  |  | 575 |  |  | 0.03 |  |  | 2,258,979 |  |  | 545 |  |  | 0.03 |  |
Money market accounts | 8,001,430 |  |  | 6,329 |  |  | 0.11 |  |  | 8,166,737 |  |  | 5,237 |  |  | 0.09 |  |
Time deposits | 2,370,137 |  |  | 5,594 |  |  | 0.32 |  |  | 2,706,107 |  |  | 5,865 |  |  | 0.29 |  |
Total interest-bearing deposits | 17,989,489 |  |  | 13,424 |  |  | 0.10 |  |  | 18,063,896 |  |  | 12,407 |  |  | 0.09 |  |
Repurchase agreements | 549,863 |  |  | 1,319 |  |  | 0.32 |  |  | 660,712 |  |  | 1,556 |  |  | 0.31 |  |
Other short-term borrowings | 60,417 |  |  | 1,621 |  |  | 3.55 |  |  | 67,614 |  |  | 1,629 |  |  | 3.18 |  |
Long-term obligations | 299,232 |  |  | 7,802 |  |  | 3.44 |  |  | 835,000 |  |  | 17,013 |  |  | 2.69 |  |
Total interest-bearing liabilities | 18,899,001 |  |  | 24,166 |  |  | 0.17 |  |  | 19,627,222 |  |  | 32,605 |  |  | 0.22 |  |
Noninterest-bearing deposits | 11,950,003 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10,918,458 |  |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities | 378,198 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 400,161 |  |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders' equity | 3,401,450 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,167,684 |  |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity | $ | 34,628,652 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 34,113,525 |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate spread |  |  |  |  | 3.58 |  | % |  |  |  |  | 3.21 |  | %
Net interest income and net yield on interest-earning assets |  |  | $ | 890,476 |  |  | 3.65 |  | % |  |  | $ | 788,414 |  |  | 3.29 |  | %

Loans and leases include PCI loans, non-PCI loans, nonaccrual loans and loans held for sale. Yields related to loans, leases and securities exempt from both federal and state income taxes, federal income taxes only, or state income taxes only are stated on a taxable-equivalent basis assuming statutory federal income tax rates of 21.0 percent and 35.0 percent as well as state income tax rates of 3.4 percent and 3.1 percent for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The taxable-equivalent adjustment was $2,458 and $3,287 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
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Table 5
Changes in Consolidated Taxable Equivalent Net Interest Income

| Three months ended September 30, 2018 |  | Nine months ended September 30, 2018
| Change from prior year period due to: |  | Change from prior year period due to:
(Dollars in thousands) | Volume |  | Yield/Rate |  | Total Change |  | Volume |  | Yield/Rate |  | Total Change
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans and leases | $ | 18,482 |  |  | $ | 7,124 |  |  | $ | 25,606 |  |  | $ | 54,288 |  |  | $ | 21,276 |  |  | $ | 75,564 |
Investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U. S. Treasury | (425 | ) |  | 2,949 |  |  | 2,524 |  |  | (994 | ) |  | 8,778 |  |  | 7,784 |
Government agency | 471 |  |  | 198 |  |  | 669 |  |  | 424 |  |  | 406 |  |  | 830 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 978 |  |  | 4,270 |  |  | 5,248 |  |  | 1,213 |  |  | 10,235 |  |  | 11,448 |
Corporate bonds and other | 858 |  |  | (223 | ) |  | 635 |  |  | 1,540 |  |  | (509 | ) |  | 1,031 |
State, county and municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |
Marketable equity securities | (7 | ) |  | 92 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 224 |  |  | 273 |
Total investment securities | 1,875 |  |  | 7,286 |  |  | 9,161 |  |  | 2,240 |  |  | 19,134 |  |  | 21,374 |
Overnight investments | (6,072 | ) |  | 2,426 |  |  | (3,646 | ) |  | (10,927 | ) |  | 7,612 |  |  | (3,315 | )
Total interest-earning assets | $ | 14,285 |  |  | $ | 16,836 |  |  | $ | 31,121 |  |  | $ | 45,601 |  |  | $ | 48,022 |  |  | $ | 93,623 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Checking with interest | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | 101 |  |  | $ | 65 |  |  | $ | 166 |
Savings | 26 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 37 |  |  | (7 | ) |  | 30 |
Money market accounts | (41 | ) |  | 806 |  |  | 765 |  |  | (120 | ) |  | 1,212 |  |  | 1,092 |
Time deposits | (135 | ) |  | 577 |  |  | 442 |  |  | (803 | ) |  | 532 |  |  | (271 | )
Total interest-bearing deposits | (113 | ) |  | 1,421 |  |  | 1,308 |  |  | (785 | ) |  | 1,802 |  |  | 1,017 |
Repurchase agreements | (42 | ) |  | (173 | ) |  | (215 | ) |  | (272 | ) |  | 35 |  |  | (237 | )
Other short-term borrowings | (341 | ) |  | (188 | ) |  | (529 | ) |  | (183 | ) |  | 175 |  |  | (8 | )
Long-term obligations | (5,019 | ) |  | 1,641 |  |  | (3,378 | ) |  | (12,358 | ) |  | 3,147 |  |  | (9,211 | )
Total interest-bearing liabilities | (5,515 | ) |  | 2,701 |  |  | (2,814 | ) |  | (13,598 | ) |  | 5,159 |  |  | (8,439 | )
Change in net interest income | $ | 19,800 |  |  | $ | 14,135 |  |  | $ | 33,935 |  |  | $ | 59,199 |  |  | $ | 42,863 |  |  | $ | 102,062 |

The rate/volume variance is allocated equally between the changes in volume and rate.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Net Interest Income and Margin
Third Quarter 2018 compared to Third Quarter 2017
Net interest income was $307.4 million for the third quarter of 2018, an increase of $34.2 million or 12.5 percent, compared to the third quarter of 2017. This increase was primarily driven by a $25.9 million increase in net loan interest income as a result of loan growth and improved yields. Net interest income also benefited from improved yields on investment securities and a decline in interest expense largely related to lower borrowing costs as a result of debt extinguishments during 2018. These positive drivers were partially offset by a $3.6 million decrease in interest income earned on lower overnight investment balances.
The taxable equivalent net interest margin was 3.73 percent, an increase of 38 basis points compared to the third quarter of 2017. The margin improvement was primarily due to improved loan and investment yields, higher loan balances and lower borrowing costs. Yields were positively impacted by the federal funds rate increases in December of 2017, and in each of March, June, and September of 2018 to end the period at 2.25 percent, as well as stabilized deposit and liability costs.
Average interest earning assets increased by $330.7 million, compared to the third quarter in 2017. Average loans increased $1.70 billion primarily due to originated loan growth, particularly within the commercial loan segment, and contributions from the HomeBancorp acquisition. There was also an increase in average investment securities of $222.7 million. Offsetting these increases was a decrease in average overnight investments of $1.59 billion primarily related to the use of funds for the extinguishment of debt obligations in the first quarter of 2018 coupled with loan growth. The yield on interest-earning assets increased by 35 basis points from 3.48 percent since the third quarter of 2017. Yields on our loans and leases increased by 12 basis points primarily due to higher yielding commercial loans and equity lines. Yields on our investment securities portfolio and overnight investments increased by 46 basis points and 52 basis points, respectively. Higher yielding mortgage-backed securities was the primary driver to the yield increase in investment securities while the increase in the federal funds rate contributed to the yield increase in overnight investments.
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Average interest-bearing liabilities decreased $701.5 million compared to the third quarter of 2017. This decrease is primarily due to a decrease in average long-term obligations of $626.1 million largely related to the extinguishment of $745.0 million of FHLB debt during 2018, partially offset by $125.0 million in additional FHLB borrowings during 2018. Also contributing to the decrease were declines in average short-term borrowings of $89.9 million. Rates on our interest bearing deposits and long-term borrowings increased by 2 basis points and 116 basis points, respectively, driven by the addition of acquired HomeBanc accounts. Rates on short-term borrowings decreased by 37 basis points.
Nine Months of 2018 compared to Nine Months of 2017
Net interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, was $888.0 million, an increase of $102.9 million, or 13.1 percent, compared to the same period of 2017. Loan interest income increased $76.7 million as a result of a $90.1 million increase in non-PCI loan interest income primarily due to originated loan growth, particularly in the commercial mortgage as well as commercial and industrial loan portfolios, and loans acquired in the HomeBancorp acquisition coupled with improved loan yields, offset by a $13.4 million decline in PCI loan interest income due to PCI loan portfolio run-off. Additionally, net interest income benefited from a $21.1 million improvement in investment securities interest income and reduced borrowing costs of $8.4 million.
The taxable-equivalent net interest margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, increased 36 basis points to 3.65 percent, compared to the same period in 2017. The margin improvement was primarily due to higher loan yields and improved investment yields. Yields for the first nine months of 2018 were also favorably impacted by incremental increases in the federal funds rate and Tax Act.
Average interest earning assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, increased by $636.5 million compared to the same period in 2017. This increase was primarily due to a $1.68 billion increase in average outstanding loans due to originated loan growth, particularly within the commercial loan portfolio, the impact of the HomeBancorp acquisition, and a $57.6 million increase in average investment securities. These increases were offset by a decline in average overnight investments of $1.10 billion primarily related to the use of funds for the extinguishment of FHLB debt obligations. The yield on interest-earning assets was 3.75 percent for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, an increase from 3.43 percent compared to the same period in 2017. Yields on our loans and leases increased by 12 basis points, primarily due to higher yielding commercial loans and equity lines. Yields on our investment securities portfolio and overnight investments increased by 39 basis points and 54 basis points, respectively. Higher yielding mortgage-backed securities was the primary driver to the yield increase in investment securities while the increase in the federal funds rate contributed to the yield increase in overnight investments.
Average year-to-date interest-bearing liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, decreased by $728.2 million compared to the same period in 2017. This decrease was primarily due to a decline of $535.8 million in average long-term obligations primarily related to the extinguishment of FHLB debt obligations, partially offset by additional FHLB borrowings and $21.5 million in senior subordinated debt acquired from HomeBancorp. The rate on interest-bearing liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was 0.17 percent, a decrease from 0.22 percent during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Rates on our interest bearing deposits increased by 1 basis point while repurchase agreements, other short-term borrowings and long-term borrowings increased by 1 basis point, 37 basis points and 75 basis points, respectively. The increase in borrowings for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the corresponding period in 2017, was due to higher rates on remaining borrowings after the extinguishment of debt in the first quarter of 2018.
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Noninterest Income
Table 6
Noninterest Income

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
(Dollars in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2017 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2017
Gain on acquisitions | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 134,745 |
Cardholder services, net | 14,678 |  |  | 15,487 |  |  | 44,385 |  |  | 42,848 |
Merchant services, net | 5,857 |  |  | 5,528 |  |  | 18,512 |  |  | 17,085 |
Service charges on deposit accounts | 25,994 |  |  | 25,951 |  |  | 78,489 |  |  | 73,955 |
Wealth management services | 24,459 |  |  | 21,234 |  |  | 73,543 |  |  | 64,116 |
Securities gains, net | — |  |  | 1,337 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,664 |
Marketable equity securities gains, net | 3,854 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,265 |  |  | — |
Other service charges and fees | 7,651 |  |  | 7,073 |  |  | 22,887 |  |  | 21,302 |
Mortgage income | 4,123 |  |  | 6,775 |  |  | 13,063 |  |  | 19,317 |
Insurance commissions | 2,755 |  |  | 2,894 |  |  | 9,471 |  |  | 9,015 |
ATM income | 1,919 |  |  | 2,596 |  |  | 6,307 |  |  | 6,882 |
Recoveries of PCI loans previously charged off | 2,751 |  |  | 5,235 |  |  | 13,582 |  |  | 14,769 |
Gain on extinguishment of debt | 703 |  |  | — |  |  | 26,517 |  |  | — |
Other | (213 | ) |  | 1,952 |  |  | 2,121 |  |  | 4,652 |
Total noninterest income | $ | 94,531 |  |  | $ | 96,062 |  |  | $ | 318,142 |  |  | $ | 413,350 |

Noninterest income is an essential component of our total revenue and is critical to our ability to sustain adequate profitability levels. The primary sources of noninterest income traditionally consist of fees and service charges generated from cardholder services, merchant services, deposit accounts, wealth management services and mortgage lending and servicing. Other sources include gains on acquisitions, gains on the sale of investment securities and recoveries on PCI loans that have been previously charged-off. Noninterest income for the period ended September 30, 2018, includes a full nine months impact from the Guaranty Bank acquisition compared to five months of activity for the period ending September 30, 2017.
Noninterest income for the third quarter of 2018 was $94.5 million, compared to $96.1 million for the same period of 2017, a decrease of $1.6 million, or by 1.59 percent. The most significant components of the change were as follows:

• | Mortgage income decreased $2.7 million primarily due to a decrease in gains on sales and lower hedge income driven by higher interest rates.

• | Other income decreased $2.2 million primarily due to gains on loans sold in 2017 and a decrease in FHLB Stock dividends driven by a reduction in outstanding FHLB advances.

• | Wealth management fees increased by $3.2 million primarily due to higher product sales volume and higher trust income driven by growth in assets under management.

Noninterest income was $318.1 million for the first nine months of 2018, compared to $413.4 million for the same period of 2017, a decrease of $95.3 million, or by 23.03 percent. Excluding acquisition gains of $134.7 million and gains on the extinguishment of FHLB obligations, total noninterest income increased $13.0 million, or by 4.67 percent. The increase was primarily attributable to the following drivers:

• | Wealth management fees increased by $9.4 million primarily due to higher product sales volume and growth in assets under management.

• | Marketable equity securities gains, net was $9.3 million in 2018 due to the implementation of ASU 2016-01.

• | Service charges on deposit accounts increased by $4.5 million primarily due to the Guaranty Bank acquisition and an increase in the volume of overdraft transactions.

• | Mortgage income decreased by $6.3 million resulting from lower hedge income primarily due to higher interest rates as well as a reduction in gains on sales.

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Noninterest Expense
The primary components of noninterest expense are salaries and related employee benefits, occupancy costs, facilities and equipment expense.
Table 7
Noninterest Expense

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
(Dollars in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2017 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2017
Salaries and wages | $ | 133,867 |  |  | $ | 124,888 |  |  | $ | 392,911 |  |  | $ | 363,076 |
Employee benefits | 28,850 |  |  | 25,416 |  |  | 90,656 |  |  | 77,976 |
Occupancy expense | 26,632 |  |  | 26,594 |  |  | 80,686 |  |  | 77,415 |
Equipment expense | 25,880 |  |  | 23,887 |  |  | 76,021 |  |  | 73,129 |
FDIC insurance expense | 5,186 |  |  | 5,449 |  |  | 16,411 |  |  | 16,747 |
Collection and foreclosure-related expenses | 4,269 |  |  | 3,443 |  |  | 12,389 |  |  | 9,582 |
Merger-related expenses | 1,126 |  |  | 562 |  |  | 4,136 |  |  | 8,248 |
Processing fees paid to third parties | 7,297 |  |  | 9,182 |  |  | 23,383 |  |  | 18,924 |
Telecommunications | 2,832 |  |  | 3,227 |  |  | 8,176 |  |  | 10,063 |
Consultant expense | 3,101 |  |  | 3,911 |  |  | 9,107 |  |  | 9,213 |
Advertising expense | 2,713 |  |  | 2,789 |  |  | 7,806 |  |  | 8,236 |
Core deposit intangible amortization | 4,366 |  |  | 4,532 |  |  | 12,876 |  |  | 12,857 |
Other | 21,418 |  |  | 23,762 |  |  | 67,035 |  |  | 63,923 |
Total noninterest expense | $ | 267,537 |  |  | $ | 257,642 |  |  | $ | 801,593 |  |  | $ | 749,389 |

Noninterest expense for the period ended September 30, 2018, includes a full nine months impact from the Guaranty Bank acquisition compared to five months of activity for the period ending September 30, 2017.
Noninterest expense was $267.5 million in the third quarter of 2018, compared to $257.6 million for the same period in 2017, an increase of $9.9 million, or by 3.84 percent. The change was primarily attributable to personnel expenses that increased by $12.4 million largely due to higher headcount, which includes the effects of the Guaranty Bank and HomeBancorp acquisitions, merit and incentive increases and higher benefit costs.
Noninterest expense was $801.6 million for the first nine months of 2018, compared to $749.4 million for the same period in 2017, an increase of $52.2 million, or by 6.97 percent. The increase was primarily attributable to the following drivers:

• | Personnel expense increased $42.5 million primarily due to higher wages and benefits from the Guaranty Bank acquisition, increased headcount, which includes the effect of the HomeBancorp acquisition, merit and incentive increases and higher benefit costs.

• | Processing fees paid to third parties increased by $4.5 million primarily due to core bank processing fees related to Guaranty Bank and an increase in bill pay services used by bank customers.

• | Occupancy expense increased by $3.3 million primarily due to higher building maintenance and landscaping costs as well as new expenses related to the HomeBancorp and Guaranty Bank acquisitions.

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Income Taxes
Income tax expense was $16.2 million and $36.6 million for the third quarter of 2018 and third quarter of 2017, representing effective tax rates of 12.1 percent and 35.3 percent during the respective periods. Income tax expense was $76.8 million and $151.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, representing effective tax rates of 19.8 percent and 36.0 percent for the respective nine month periods. The income tax expense and effective tax rate decreases during the reported periods in 2018 compared to those in 2017 were primarily due to the impact of the Tax Act, which reduced the federal tax rate from 35.0 percent to 21.0 percent. Additional information was obtained in the third quarter of 2018 affecting the provisional amount initially recorded for the quarter ended December 31, 2017 to account for the effects of the Tax Act. The nature of the additional information primarily relates to a decision made by BancShares to accelerate deductions in its 2017 tax return which were effectuated by making an additional contribution to its pension plan and requesting an automatic change in its tax accounting method related to depreciation. As a result, a tax benefit of $15.7 million was recorded in the third quarter of 2018. The ultimate impact will be finalized in the fourth quarter and may differ due to additional analysis, changes in interpretations and assumptions as well as additional regulatory guidance that may be issued.
We monitor and evaluate the potential impact of current events on the estimates used to establish income tax expenses and income tax liabilities. On a periodic basis, we evaluate our income tax positions based on current tax law, positions taken by various tax auditors within the jurisdictions where BancShares is required to file income tax returns, as well as potential or pending audits or assessments by tax auditors.
INTEREST-EARNING ASSETS
Interest-earning assets include investment securities, loans and leases, and overnight investments, all of which reflect varying interest rates based on the risk level and repricing characteristics of the underlying asset. Riskier investments typically carry a higher interest rate but expose us to higher levels of market risk.
Interest-earning assets averaged $32.89 billion and $32.87 billion for the quarters ended September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The $12.0 million increase from December 31, 2017 was composed of a $1.3 billion increase in loans and leases coupled with an $84.6 million increase in investment securities, offset by a $1.41 billion decline in overnight investments primarily related to the use of funds for the extinguishment of FHLB debt obligations during the first quarter of 2018.
Investment Securities
The primary objective of the investment portfolio is to generate incremental income by deploying excess funds into securities that have minimal liquidity and credit risk and low to moderate interest rate risk. Other objectives include acting as a stable source of liquidity, serving as a tool for asset and liability management and maintaining an interest rate risk profile compatible with BancShares' objectives. Additionally, purchases of equities and corporate bonds in other financial institutions have been made largely under a long-term earnings optimization strategy. Changes in the total balance of our investment securities portfolio result from trends in balance sheet funding and market performance. Generally, when inflows arising from deposit and treasury services products exceed loan and lease demand, we invest excess funds into the securities portfolio or into overnight investments. Conversely, when loan demand exceeds growth in deposits and short-term borrowings, we allow any overnight investments to decline and use proceeds from maturing securities and prepayments to fund loan demand.
With the adoption of Accounting Standard Update (ASU) 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, in the first quarter of 2018, marketable equity investments are no longer classified as investments available for sale and the fair value changes in those investments is reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Income. At adoption, we recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet resulting in an $18.7 million increase to retained earnings and a decrease to accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) on January 1, 2018.
The fair value of total investment securities was $7.03 billion at September 30, 2018, a decrease of $154.3 million, when compared to $7.18 billion at December 31, 2017. The decrease in the portfolio from December 31, 2017 was primarily attributable to not reinvesting a portion of U.S. Treasury maturities and mortgage-backed securities principal paydowns over the period coupled with declines in mortgage-backed securities valuations due to higher interest rates. Investment securities increased $33.0 million from September 30, 2017 to September 30, 2018 primarily due to the retention of a portion of HomeBancorp's investment portfolio.
On May 1, 2018, mortgage-backed securities with an amortized cost of $2.49 billion were transferred from investments available for sale (AFS) to the held to maturity (HTM) portfolio. At the time of transfer, the mortgage-backed securities had a fair value of $2.38 billion and a weighted average maturity of 13 years. The unrealized loss on these securities at the date of transfer was $109.5 million and continues to be reported as a component of AOCI. This unrealized loss will be amortized out of AOCI into the consolidated statements of income over the remaining expected life of the securities offset by the amortization of the corresponding discount on the transferred securities. FCB has the intent and ability to retain these securities until maturity.
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As of September 30, 2018, investment securities available for sale had a net pre-tax unrealized loss of $88.5 million, compared to a net pre-tax unrealized loss of $48.8 million as of December 31, 2017 and a net pre-tax unrealized loss of $11.8 million as of September 30, 2017. After evaluating the AFS securities with unrealized losses, management concluded that no other than temporary impairment existed as of September 30, 2018. Available for sale securities are reported at fair value and unrealized gains and losses are included as a component of AOCI, net of deferred taxes. The fair value of equity securities was $109.9 million at September 30, 2018.
At September 30, 2018, mortgage-backed securities represented 73.4 percent of total investment securities, compared to U.S. Treasury, government agency securities, corporate bonds, other investments and marketable equity securities, which represented 21.4 percent, 1.8 percent, 1.7 percent, 0.1 percent and 1.6 percent of the total investment securities, respectively. Overnight investments are with the Federal Reserve Bank and other financial institutions.
Table 8
Investment Securities

| September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |  | September 30, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) | Cost |  | Fair value |  | Cost |  | Fair value |  | Cost |  | Fair Value
Investment securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury | $ | 1,509,432 |  |  | $ | 1,505,434 |  |  | $ | 1,658,410 |  |  | $ | 1,657,864 |  |  | $ | 1,619,343 |  |  | $ | 1,616,324 |
Government agency | 127,911 |  |  | 127,545 |  |  | 8,695 |  |  | 8,670 |  |  | 10,284 |  |  | 10,331 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 3,004,219 |  |  | 2,919,796 |  |  | 5,419,379 |  |  | 5,340,756 |  |  | 5,230,638 |  |  | 5,190,010 |
Equity securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 75,471 |  |  | 105,208 |  |  | 82,314 |  |  | 113,650 |
Corporate bonds | 119,717 |  |  | 119,933 |  |  | 59,414 |  |  | 59,963 |  |  | 54,412 |  |  | 54,873 |
Other | 4,553 |  |  | 4,643 |  |  | 7,645 |  |  | 7,719 |  |  | 7,638 |  |  | 7,689 |
Total investment securities available for sale | 4,765,832 |  |  | 4,677,351 |  |  | 7,229,014 |  |  | 7,180,180 |  |  | 7,004,629 |  |  | 6,992,877 |
Investment in marketable equity securities | 74,008 |  |  | 109,907 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Investment securities held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities | 2,253,416 |  |  | 2,238,664 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 81 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 84 |
Total investment securities | $ | 7,093,256 |  |  | $ | 7,025,922 |  |  | $ | 7,229,090 |  |  | $ | 7,180,261 |  |  | $ | 7,004,707 |  |  | $ | 6,992,961 |

Loans and Leases
Loans and leases were $24.89 billion at September 30, 2018, a net increase of $1.29 billion compared to December 31, 2017, representing growth of 7.3 percent on an annualized basis. This increase was primarily driven by $902.9 million of organic growth in the non-PCI portfolio and $511.6 million in non-PCI loans acquired in the HomeBancorp acquisition, partially offset by run-off in equity lines of credit. The PCI portfolio decreased over this period by $125.0 million due to PCI loan portfolio run-off, offset by net PCI loans acquired from HomeBancorp.
Non-PCI loans increased by $1.93 billion, compared to September 30, 2017, due to originated loan growth and loans acquired in the HomeBancorp transaction. PCI loans decreased $196.1 million from September 30, 2017 due to continued pay downs, offset by the contributions from the HomeBancorp acquisition.
BancShares reports non-PCI and PCI loan portfolios separately and each portfolio is further divided into commercial and non-commercial. Non-PCI loans and leases at September 30, 2018 were $24.25 billion, representing 97.4 percent of total loans and leases, compared to $22.83 billion and $22.31 billion at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017, respectively. PCI loans at September 30, 2018 were $638.0 million, representing 2.6 percent of total loans and leases, compared to $763.0 million and $834.2 million at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017, respectively. Table 9 provides the composition of non-PCI and PCI loans and leases.
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Table 9
Loans and Leases

(Dollars in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |  | September 30, 2017
Non-PCI loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development | $ | 679,203 |  |  | $ | 669,215 |  |  | $ | 626,887 |
Commercial mortgage | 10,486,372 |  |  | 9,729,022 |  |  | 9,510,158 |
Other commercial real estate | 471,532 |  |  | 473,433 |  |  | 434,736 |
Commercial and industrial | 3,189,337 |  |  | 2,730,407 |  |  | 2,654,898 |
Lease financing | 616,951 |  |  | 894,801 |  |  | 866,804 |
Other | 296,988 |  |  | 302,176 |  |  | 322,216 |
Total commercial loans | 15,740,383 |  |  | 14,799,054 |  |  | 14,415,699 |
Noncommercial: |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage | 4,073,235 |  |  | 3,523,786 |  |  | 3,467,978 |
Revolving mortgage | 2,570,096 |  |  | 2,701,525 |  |  | 2,692,558 |
Construction and land development | 241,436 |  |  | 248,289 |  |  | 227,184 |
Consumer | 1,623,179 |  |  | 1,561,173 |  |  | 1,511,487 |
Total noncommercial loans | 8,507,946 |  |  | 8,034,773 |  |  | 7,899,207 |
Total non-PCI loans and leases | 24,248,329 |  |  | 22,833,827 |  |  | 22,314,906 |
PCI loans: |  |  |  |  |
Total PCI loans | 638,018 |  |  | 762,998 |  |  | 834,167 |
Total loans and leases | $ | 24,886,347 |  |  | $ | 23,596,825 |  |  | $ | 23,149,073 |

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses (ALLL)
During the third quarter of 2018, BancShares (“the Company”) enhanced its allowance for loan and lease losses (“ALLL”) methodology. Specifically, the Company updated its credit quality indicators used in the ALLL estimation to aggregate credit quality by borrower classification code and add a facility risk rating which provides additional granularity of risks by collateral type. The enhancement to the ALLL is part of the Company’s planned transition to a dual risk grading process which will be implemented during the fourth quarter of 2018. Significant growth in the Company’s loan portfolios, both organically and through acquisitions, is prompting the need to enhance the credit grading process and provide additional granularity in assessing credit risks. This change in estimate resulted in an immaterial impact to the financial statements, which is reflected in the Allowance for loan and lease losses and Provision for loan and lease losses.
The ALLL was $219.2 million at September 30, 2018, representing a decrease of $2.7 million since December 31, 2017 and a decrease of $12.6 million since September 30, 2017. The ALLL as a percentage of total loans and leases was 0.88 percent at September 30, 2018, compared to 0.94 percent and 1.00 percent at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017, respectively.
At September 30, 2018, the ALLL allocated to total non-PCI loans and leases was $208.3 million, or 0.86 percent of non-PCI loans and leases, compared to $211.9 million, or 0.93 percent, at December 31, 2017 and $218.9 million, or 0.98 percent, at September 30, 2017. The decline in the ALLL from both periods was largely due to sustained improvements in credit quality, partially offset by loan growth.
The remaining ALLL of $10.9 million relates to PCI loans at September 30, 2018, compared to $10.0 million and $13.0 million at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017, respectively. The increase from December 31, 2017 was primarily due to updated cash flow estimates and the decrease from September 30, 2017 was largely due to continued PCI loan portfolio run-off coupled with updated cash flow estimates.
BancShares recorded a net provision expense for loan and lease losses of $840 thousand and $16.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, compared to $7.9 million and $28.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. The decrease in net provision expense during both comparison periods was largely driven by the methodology enhancements as a result of sustained credit quality improvements, partially offset by loan growth. There were also changes in the PCI provision driven by updated cash flow estimates.
Provision expense for non-PCI loans and leases was $2.4 million and $15.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, compared to $8.5 million and $29.3 million for the three and the nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.
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Provision credit for PCI loans was $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $537 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2017. Provision expense was $1.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to a provision credit of $810 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. These changes in provision are driven by changes in expected cash flows which updates the resulting credit default rate and is a product of loan performance. As such, the resulting period over period provision amounts for PCI loans can be volatile.
On an annualized basis, total net charge-offs as a percentage of total average loans and leases for the third quarter of 2018 was 0.10 percent compared to 0.08 percent in the third quarter of 2017. Net charge-offs for non-PCI loans and leases were $6.5 million during the third quarter of 2018, compared to $4.9 million during the third quarter of 2017.
The discount related to acquired non-PCI loans and leases at September 30, 2018, December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017 was $32.9 million, $35.0 million and $38.5 million, respectively. The discount related to PCI loans at September 30, 2018, December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017 was $98.0 million, $111.3 million and $121.1 million, respectively.
Table 10
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses Components by Loan Class

| Three months ended September 30 |  | Nine months ended September 30
(Dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Allowance for loan and lease losses at beginning of period | $ | 224,865 |  |  | $ | 228,798 |  |  | $ | 221,893 |  |  | $ | 218,795 |
Non-PCI provision for loan and lease losses | 2,354 |  |  | 8,483 |  |  | 15,883 |  |  | 29,311 |
PCI provision (credit) for loan losses | (1,514 | ) |  | (537 | ) |  | 1,000 |  |  | (810 | )
Non-PCI Charge-offs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development | (35 | ) |  | (9 | ) |  | (43 | ) |  | (499 | )
Commercial mortgage | (606 | ) |  | (39 | ) |  | (1,111 | ) |  | (311 | )
Other commercial real estate | — |  |  | — |  |  | (69 | ) |  | (5 | )
Commercial and industrial | (1,256 | ) |  | (1,275 | ) |  | (4,725 | ) |  | (7,649 | )
Lease financing | (850 | ) |  | (687 | ) |  | (2,149 | ) |  | (957 | )
Other | (56 | ) |  | (666 | ) |  | (98 | ) |  | (853 | )
Total commercial | (2,803 | ) |  | (2,676 | ) |  | (8,195 | ) |  | (10,274 | )
Noncommercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage | (360 | ) |  | (604 | ) |  | (1,455 | ) |  | (1,076 | )
Revolving mortgage | (759 | ) |  | (218 | ) |  | (2,778 | ) |  | (1,323 | )
Construction and land development | — |  |  | — |  |  | (219 | ) |  | — |
Consumer | (5,525 | ) |  | (4,996 | ) |  | (16,092 | ) |  | (14,015 | )
Total noncommercial | (6,644 | ) |  | (5,818 | ) |  | (20,544 | ) |  | (16,414 | )
Total non-PCI charge-offs | (9,447 | ) |  | (8,494 | ) |  | (28,739 | ) |  | (26,688 | )
Non-PCI Recoveries: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development | 136 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 252 |  |  | 320 |
Commercial mortgage | 99 |  |  | 1,446 |  |  | 563 |  |  | 2,541 |
Other commercial real estate | 1 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 147 |  |  | 19 |
Commercial and industrial | 494 |  |  | 433 |  |  | 2,351 |  |  | 3,090 |
Lease financing | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 9 |
Other | 117 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 160 |  |  | 244 |
Total commercial | 850 |  |  | 2,069 |  |  | 3,521 |  |  | 6,223 |
Noncommercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage | 128 |  |  | 92 |  |  | 315 |  |  | 454 |
Revolving mortgage | 712 |  |  | 228 |  |  | 1,426 |  |  | 1,181 |
Construction and land development | — |  |  | — |  |  | 127 |  |  | — |
Consumer | 1,249 |  |  | 1,203 |  |  | 3,888 |  |  | 3,376 |
Total noncommercial | 2,089 |  |  | 1,523 |  |  | 5,756 |  |  | 5,011 |
Total non-PCI recoveries | 2,939 |  |  | 3,592 |  |  | 9,277 |  |  | 11,234 |
Non-PCI loans and leases charged off, net | (6,508 | ) |  | (4,902 | ) |  | (19,462 | ) |  | (15,454 | )
PCI loans charged off, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | (117 | ) |  | — |
Allowance for loan and lease losses at end of period | $ | 219,197 |  |  | $ | 231,842 |  |  | $ | 219,197 |  |  | $ | 231,842 |
Reserve for unfunded commitments | $ | 1,089 |  |  | $ | 1,309 |  |  | $ | 1,089 |  |  | $ | 1,309 |

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Table 11
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses Metrics and Ratios

| Three months ended September 30 |  | Nine months ended September 30 |
(Dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |
Average loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PCI | $ | 652,983 |  |  | $ | 865,580 |  |  | $ | 689,482 |  |  | $ | 860,408 |  |
Non-PCI | 24,045,816 |  |  | 22,131,615 |  |  | 23,504,388 |  |  | 21,651,410 |  |
Loans and leases at period-end: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PCI | 638,018 |  |  | 834,167 |  |  | 638,018 |  |  | 834,167 |  |
Non-PCI | 24,248,329 |  |  | 22,314,906 |  |  | 24,248,329 |  |  | 22,314,906 |  |
Allowance for loan and lease losses allocated to loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PCI | 10,909 |  |  | 12,959 |  |  | 10,909 |  |  | 12,959 |  |
Non-PCI | 208,288 |  |  | 218,883 |  |  | 208,288 |  |  | 218,883 |  |
Total | $ | 219,197 |  |  | $ | 231,842 |  |  | $ | 219,197 |  |  | $ | 231,842 |  |
Net charge-offs (annualized) to average loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PCI | — |  | % | — |  | % | 0.02 |  | % | — |  | %
Non-PCI | 0.11 |  |  | 0.09 |  |  | 0.11 |  |  | 0.10 |  |
Total | 0.10 |  |  | 0.08 |  |  | 0.11 |  |  | 0.09 |  |
ALLL to total loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PCI | 1.71 |  |  | 1.55 |  |  | 1.71 |  |  | 1.55 |  |
Non-PCI | 0.86 |  |  | 0.98 |  |  | 0.86 |  |  | 0.98 |  |
Total | 0.88 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  | 0.88 |  |  | 1.00 |  |

Nonperforming Assets
Nonperforming assets include nonaccrual loans and leases and OREO. At September 30, 2018, BancShares’ nonperforming assets were $130.6 million, down from $144.3 million and $145.1 million at December 31, 2017 at September 30, 2017, respectively.
Nonaccrual loans and leases at September 30, 2018 were $86.9 million reflecting decreases of $6.2 million and $4.1 million since December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017, respectively. The declines in both periods were primarily due to commercial and residential mortgage loans returning to accrual status and payoffs, offset by an increase in nonaccrual revolving mortgage. At September 30, 2018, OREO totaled $43.6 million, representing declines of $7.5 million and $10.4 million since December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017, respectively, as sales and write-downs outpaced additions.
Table 12
Nonperforming Assets

| 2018 |  | 2017
| Third |  | Second |  | First |  | Fourth |  | Third
(Dollars in thousands) | Quarter |  | Quarter |  | Quarter |  | Quarter |  | Quarter
Nonaccrual loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-PCI | $ | 85,419 |  |  | $ | 85,055 |  |  | $ | 89,260 |  |  | $ | 92,534 |  |  | $ | 90,064 |
PCI | 1,530 |  |  | 1,570 |  |  | 1,580 |  |  | 624 |  |  | 1,017 |
Other real estate | 43,601 |  |  | 46,633 |  |  | 48,089 |  |  | 51,097 |  |  | 53,988 |
Total nonperforming assets | $ | 130,550 |  |  | $ | 133,258 |  |  | $ | 138,929 |  |  | $ | 144,255 |  |  | $ | 145,069 |
Loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-PCI | $ | 24,248,329 |  |  | $ | 23,864,168 |  |  | $ | 22,908,140 |  |  | $ | 22,833,827 |  |  | $ | 22,314,906 |
PCI | 638,018 |  |  | 674,269 |  |  | 703,837 |  |  | 762,998 |  |  | 834,167 |
Total loans and leases | $ | 24,886,347 |  |  | $ | 24,538,437 |  |  | $ | 23,611,977 |  |  | $ | 23,596,825 |  |  | $ | 23,149,073 |
Accruing loans and leases 90 days or more past due |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-PCI | $ | 2,640 |  |  | $ | 3,179 |  |  | $ | 3,030 |  |  | $ | 2,978 |  |  | $ | 3,449 |
PCI | 38,073 |  |  | 41,266 |  |  | 48,229 |  |  | 58,740 |  |  | 64,801 |
Ratio of total nonperforming assets to total loans, leases and other real estate owned | 0.52 | % |  | 0.54 | % |  | 0.59 | % |  | 0.61 | % |  | 0.63 | %

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Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs)
We have selectively agreed to modify existing loan terms to provide relief to customers who are experiencing financial difficulties or other circumstances that could affect their ability to meet debt obligations. Typical modifications include short-term deferral of interest or modification of payment terms. Nonperforming TDRs that are not accruing interest are included as nonperforming assets within nonaccrual loans and leases. TDRs that are accruing at the time of restructure and continue to perform based on the restructured terms are considered performing. Loans acquired under ASC 310-30, excluding pooled loans, are not initially considered to be TDRs, but can be classified as such if a modification is made subsequent to acquisition. Subsequent modification of a PCI loan accounted for in a pool that would otherwise meet the definition of a TDR is not reported, or accounted for, as a TDR since pooled PCI loans are excluded from the scope of TDR accounting.
Table 13
Troubled Debt Restructurings

(Dollars in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |  | September 30, 2017
Accruing TDRs: |  |  |  |  |
PCI | $ | 18,159 |  |  | $ | 18,163 |  |  | $ | 19,719 |
Non-PCI | 112,452 |  |  | 112,228 |  |  | 103,945 |
Total accruing TDRs | 130,611 |  |  | 130,391 |  |  | 123,664 |
Nonaccruing TDRs: |  |  |  |  |
PCI | 210 |  |  | 272 |  |  | 300 |
Non-PCI | 31,150 |  |  | 33,898 |  |  | 30,418 |
Total nonaccruing TDRs | 31,360 |  |  | 34,170 |  |  | 30,718 |
All TDRs: |  |  |  |  |
PCI | 18,369 |  |  | 18,435 |  |  | 20,019 |
Non-PCI | 143,602 |  |  | 146,126 |  |  | 134,363 |
Total TDRs | $ | 161,971 |  |  | $ | 164,561 |  |  | $ | 154,382 |

INTEREST-BEARING LIABILITIES
Interest-bearing liabilities include interest-bearing deposits, short-term borrowings and long-term obligations. Interest-bearing liabilities were $18.94 billion and $19.59 billion at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The $656.3 million decrease from December 31, 2017 was due to decreases in long-term obligations and short-term borrowings of $572.8 million and $6.1 million, respectively, coupled with a decrease in interest-bearing deposits of $77.5 million. Interest-bearing liabilities were $18.94 billion at September 30, 2018, a decrease of $459.7 million from $19.40 billion at September 30, 2017 due to a $568.6 million decrease in long-term obligations, offset by an $8.5 million increase in short-term borrowings and an increase of $100.5 million in interest-bearing deposits.
Deposits
At September 30, 2018, total deposits were $30.16 billion, an increase of $897.3 million, or 3.1 percent, compared to December 31, 2017 and an increase of $829.6 million, or 2.8 percent, when compared to September 30, 2017. The increase during both periods was primarily the result of organic growth in demand deposit accounts as well as the deposit balances acquired from the HomeBancorp acquisition of $530.0 million at September 30, 2018. These positive drivers were offset by run-off in time deposits and lower money market account balances.
Due to our focus on maintaining a strong liquidity position, core deposit retention remains a key business objective. We believe that traditional bank deposit products remain an attractive option for many customers but, as economic conditions improve, we recognize that our liquidity position could be adversely affected as bank deposits are withdrawn and invested elsewhere. Our ability to fund future loan growth is significantly dependent on our success at retaining existing deposits and generating new deposits at a reasonable cost.
Table 14
Deposits

| September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |  | September 30, 2017
Demand | $ | 12,212,144 |  |  | $ | 11,237,375 |  |  | $ | 11,483,033 |
Checking with interest | 5,294,270 |  |  | 5,230,060 |  |  | 5,092,352 |
Money market | 7,809,403 |  |  | 8,059,271 |  |  | 7,968,566 |
Savings | 2,499,136 |  |  | 2,340,449 |  |  | 2,322,168 |
Time | 2,348,584 |  |  | 2,399,120 |  |  | 2,467,830 |
Total deposits | $ | 30,163,537 |  |  | $ | 29,266,275 |  |  | $ | 29,333,949 |

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Short-Term Borrowings
At September 30, 2018, short-term borrowings were $687.7 million compared to $693.8 million and $679.3 million at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017, respectively. The $6.1 million decrease from December 31, 2017 and the $8.5 million increase from September 30, 2017, were primarily due to FHLB borrowing maturities of $90.0 million, the maturity of a $30.0 million repurchase agreement and the maturity of $15.0 million subordinated notes payable. These declines were primarily offset by FHLB borrowings of $120.5 million and higher customer repurchase agreement balances.
Long-Term Obligations
Long-term obligations at September 30, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017 declined $572.8 million and $568.6 million, respectively, because of the extinguishment of FHLB debt obligations totaling $745.0 million. This decrease was primarily offset by additional FHLB borrowings of $144.0 million, $21.5 million in senior subordinated debt acquired from HomeBancorp, and net increases in capital leases.
BancShares owns three special purpose entities – FCB/NC Capital Trust III, FCB/SC Capital Trust II and SCB Capital Trust I (the Trusts). Long-term obligations included junior subordinated debentures representing obligations to the Trusts, which may be redeemed at par in whole or in part at any time. BancShares has guaranteed all obligations of the Trusts. BancShares had the following issues of trust preferred securities and subordinated debentures owed to the Trusts:
Table 15
Trust Preferred Securities and Subordinated Debentures

|  | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |  | September 30, 2017 |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Subordinated Debentures Owed to Trust |  | Trust Preferred Securities of the Trusts |  | Subordinated Debentures Owed to Trust |  | Trust Preferred Securities of the Trusts |  | Subordinated Debentures Owed to Trust |  | Trust Preferred Securities of the Trusts |  | Maturity Date
FCB/NC Capital Trust III |  | $ | 88,145 |  |  | $ | 85,500 |  |  | $ | 90,207 |  |  | $ | 87,500 |  |  | $ | 90,206 |  |  | $ | 87,500 |  |  | June 30, 2036
FCB/SC Capital Trust II |  | 19,588 |  |  | 19,000 |  |  | 19,588 |  |  | 19,000 |  |  | 19,588 |  |  | 19,000 |  |  | June 15, 2034
SCB Capital Trust I |  | 10,310 |  |  | 10,000 |  |  | 10,310 |  |  | 10,000 |  |  | 10,310 |  |  | 10,000 |  |  | April 7, 2034
|  | $ | 118,043 |  |  | $ | 114,500 |  |  | $ | 120,105 |  |  | $ | 116,500 |  |  | $ | 120,104 |  |  | $ | 116,500 |  |  |

Shareholders' Equity and Capital Adequacy
BancShares and FCB are required to meet minimum capital requirements set forth by regulatory authorities. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements may result in certain actions by regulators that could have a direct material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
In accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP), the unrealized gains and losses on certain assets and liabilities, net of deferred taxes, are included in AOCI within shareholders' equity. These amounts are excluded from shareholders' equity in the calculation of our capital ratios under current regulatory guidelines. Shareholders' equity was also impacted by first quarter 2018 cumulative effect adjustments of $50.0 million related to both the adoption of ASU 2016-01 for the accounting of equity investments which had an impact of $18.7 million and ASU 2018-02 for the accounting of stranded tax effects in AOCI resulting from the 2017 Tax Act which had an impact of $31.3 million.
During the second quarter of 2018, mortgage-backed securities were transferred from investments available for sale to the held to maturity portfolio. The unrealized loss on these securities at the date of transfer was $109.5 million and will be amortized out of AOCI into the consolidated statements of income over the expected remaining life of the securities.
As of September 30, 2018, BancShares and FCB continued to exceed minimum capital standards and remained well-capitalized under Basel III guidelines. BancShares had no trust preferred capital securities included in Tier 1 capital at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 under Basel III guidelines. Trust preferred capital securities continue to be a component of total risk-based capital.
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Table 16
Analysis of Capital Adequacy

| September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |  | September 30, 2017 |  | Regulatory minimum |  | Well-capitalized requirement
BancShares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk-based capital ratios |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tier 1 risk-based capital | 13.23 | % |  | 12.88 | % |  | 12.95 | % |  | 6.00 | % |  | 8.00 | %
Common equity Tier 1 | 13.23 |  |  | 12.88 |  |  | 12.95 |  |  | 4.50 |  |  | 6.50 |
Total risk-based capital | 14.57 |  |  | 14.21 |  |  | 14.34 |  |  | 8.00 |  |  | 10.00 |
Tier 1 leverage ratio | 10.11 |  |  | 9.47 |  |  | 9.43 |  |  | 4.00 |  |  | 5.00 |
Bank |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk-based capital ratios |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tier 1 risk-based capital | 12.91 | % |  | 12.54 | % |  | 12.82 | % |  | 6.00 | % |  | 8.00 | %
Common equity Tier 1 | 12.91 |  |  | 12.54 |  |  | 12.82 |  |  | 4.50 |  |  | 6.50 |
Total risk-based capital | 13.86 |  |  | 13.46 |  |  | 13.79 |  |  | 8.00 |  |  | 10.00 |
Tier 1 leverage ratio | 9.89 |  |  | 9.22 |  |  | 9.34 |  |  | 4.00 |  |  | 5.00 |

RISK MANAGEMENT
Risk is inherent in any business. Senior management has primary responsibility for day-to-day management of the risks we face with accountability of and support from all associates. The Board of Directors strives to ensure that the business culture is integrated with the risk management program and that policies and procedures for identifying, assessing, measuring, monitoring, and managing risk are part of the decision-making process. The Board of Director’s role in risk oversight is an integral part of our overall Enterprise Risk Management Framework. The Board of Directors administers its risk oversight function primarily through the Board Risk Committee.
The Board Risk Committee structure is designed to allow for information flow and timely escalation of risk related issues. The Board Risk Committee is directed to monitor and advise the Board of Directors regarding risk exposures, including credit, market, capital, liquidity, operational, compliance, strategic, legal, and reputational risks; review, approve and monitor adherence to the risk appetite and supporting risk tolerance levels; and evaluate, monitor and oversee the adequacy and effectiveness of the Enterprise Risk Management Framework. The Board Risk Committee also reviews reports of examination by and communications from regulatory agencies; the results of internal and third party testing and assessments related to risk management; and any other matters within the scope of the Committee’s oversight responsibilities. The Board Risk Committee monitors management's response to certain risk related regulatory and audit issues. In addition, the Board Risk Committee may coordinate with the Audit Committee for the review of financial statements and related risks, information security and other areas of joint responsibility.
In combination with other risk management and monitoring practices, enterprise wide stress testing activities are part of our risk management program. Stress tests are performed for various risks to ensure the financial institution can support continued operations during stressed periods.
Enactment of the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act in May 2018 significantly altered several provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act, including how stress tests are run. Bank holding companies with assets of less than $100 billion, such as BancShares, are no longer subject to company-run stress testing requirements in section 165(i)(2) of the Dodd-Frank Act, including publishing a summary of results. BancShares will continue to monitor and stress test its capital consistent with the safety and soundness expectations of the federal regulators, however, BancShares will no longer conduct company-run stress testing under the Dodd-Frank Act.
Credit risk management. Credit risk is the risk of not collecting payments pursuant to the contractual terms of loans, leases and certain investment securities. Loans and leases, other than acquired loans, are underwritten in accordance with our credit policies and procedures and are subject to periodic ongoing reviews. Acquired loans, regardless of whether PCI or non-PCI, are recorded at fair value as of the acquisition date and are subject to periodic reviews to identify any further credit deterioration. Our independent credit review function conducts risk reviews and analyses of both acquired and originated loans to ensure compliance with credit policies and to monitor asset quality trends and borrower financial strength. The risk reviews include portfolio analysis by geographic location, industry, collateral type and product. We strive to identify potential problem loans as early as possible, to record charge-offs or write-downs as appropriate and to maintain an adequate ALLL that accounts for losses that are inherent in the loan and lease portfolio.
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Interest rate risk management. Interest rate risk (IRR) results principally from assets and liabilities maturing or repricing at different points in time, from assets and liabilities repricing at the same point in time but in different amounts, and from short-term and long-term interest rates changing in different magnitudes.
We assess our short-term IRR by forecasting net interest income over 24 months under various interest rate scenarios and comparing those results to forecast net interest income assuming stable rates. Rate shock scenarios represent an instantaneous and parallel shift in rates, up or down, from a base yield curve. Despite the current increase in market interest rates, the overall rate on interest-bearing deposits remains relatively low and as such, it is unlikely that the rates on most interest-bearing deposits can decline materially from current levels. Our shock projections incorporate assumptions of likely customer migration from low rate deposit instruments to intermediate term fixed rate instruments, such as certificates of deposit, as rates rise. Various other IRR scenarios are modeled to supplement shock scenarios. This may include interest rate ramps, changes in the shape of the yield curve and changes in the relationships of FCB rates to market rates.
Table 17
Net Interest Income Sensitivity Simulation Analysis
This table provides the impact on net interest income over 24 months resulting from various instantaneous interest rate shock scenarios as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

| Estimated percentage increase (decrease) in net interest income
Change in interest rate (basis points) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
-100 | (10.00 | )% |  | (12.25 | )%
+100 | 2.86 |  |  | 3.66 |
+200 | 2.93 |  |  | 4.61 |
+300 | (0.14 | ) |  | 2.43 |

Net interest income sensitivity metrics at September 30, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017 were primarily affected by a shift in the earning asset mix with a decrease in lower duration investments and growth in the fixed rate loan portfolio, partially offset by a favorable change in the deposit mix due to growth in non-interest deposits.
Table 18
Economic Value of Equity Modeling Analysis
Long-term interest rate risk exposure is measured using the economic value of equity (EVE) sensitivity analysis to study the impact of long-term cash flows on earnings and capital. EVE represents the difference between the sum of the present value of all asset cash flows and the sum of the present value of the liability cash flows. EVE sensitivity analysis involves discounting cash flows of balance sheet items under different interest rate scenarios. Cash flows will vary by interest rate scenario, resulting in variations in EVE. The base-case measurement and its sensitivity to shifts in the yield curve allow management to measure longer-term repricing and option risk in the balance sheet. This table presents the EVE profile as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

| Estimated percentage increase (decrease) in EVE
Change in interest rate (basis points) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
-100 | (14.19 | )% |  | (15.44 | )%
+100 | 2.84 |  |  | 3.38 |
+200 | 0.38 |  |  | 1.06 |
+300 | (6.41 | ) |  | (5.52 | )

The economic value of equity metrics at September 30, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017 were primarily affected by a shift in the earning asset mix as stronger loan growth reduced overnight investments combined with higher market interest rates driven by three federal funds rate hikes year to date.
We do not typically utilize interest rate swaps, floors, collars or other derivative financial instruments to attempt to hedge our overall balance sheet rate sensitivity and interest rate risk.
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Liquidity risk management. Liquidity risk is the risk that an institution is unable to generate or obtain sufficient cash or its equivalents on a cost-effective basis to meet commitments as they fall due. The most common sources of liquidity risk arise from mismatches in the timing and value of on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet cash inflows and outflows. In general, on-balance sheet mismatches generate liquidity risk when the effective maturity of assets exceeds the effective maturity of liabilities. A commonly cited example of a balance sheet liquidity mismatch is when long-term loans (assets) are funded with short-term borrowings (liabilities). Other forms of liquidity risk include market constraints on the ability to convert assets into cash at expected levels, an inability to access funding sources at sufficient levels at a reasonable cost, and changes in economic conditions or exposure to credit, market, operational, legal and reputation risks that can affect an institution’s liquidity risk profile.
We utilize various limit-based measures to monitor, measure and control liquidity risk across three different types of liquidity:

• | Tactical liquidity measures the risk of a negative cash flow position whereby cash outflows exceed cash inflows over a short-term horizon out to nine weeks;

• | Structural liquidity measures the amount by which illiquid assets are supported by long-term funding; and

• | Contingent liquidity utilizes cash flow stress testing across three crisis scenarios to determine the adequacy of our liquidity.

We aim to maintain a diverse mix of liquidity sources to support the liquidity management function, while aiming to avoid funding concentrations by diversifying our external funding with respect to maturities, counterparties and nature. Our primary source of liquidity is our retail deposit book due to the generally stable balances and low cost it offers. Additional sources include cash in excess of our reserve requirement at the Federal Reserve Bank, and various other corresponding bank accounts and unencumbered securities, which totaled $3.87 billion at September 30, 2018 compared to $3.70 billion at December 31, 2017. Another source of available funds is advances from the FHLB of Atlanta. Outstanding FHLB advances were $264.7 million as of September 30, 2018, and we had sufficient collateral pledged to secure $6.08 billion of additional borrowings. Also, at September 30, 2018, $2.91 billion in noncovered loans with a lendable collateral value of $2.20 billion were used to create additional borrowing capacity at the Federal Reserve Bank. We also maintain Federal Funds lines which had $690.0 million of available capacity at September 30, 2018.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
There have been no significant changes in our Critical Accounting Policies as described in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10‑K.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Statements in this Report and exhibits relating to plans, strategies, economic performance and trends, projections of results of specific activities or investments, expectations or beliefs about future events or results and other statements that are not descriptions of historical facts may be forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Forward-looking information is inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, and actual results could differ materially from those currently anticipated due to a number of factors which include, but are not limited to, factors discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and in other documents filed by us from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Forward-looking statements may be identified by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “expects,” “plans,” “intends,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “forecasts,” “projects,” “potential” or “continue,” or similar terms or the negative of these terms, or other statements concerning opinions or judgments of BancShares’ management about future events.
Factors that could influence the accuracy of those forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the financial success or changing strategies of our customers, customer acceptance of our services, products and fee structure, the competitive nature of the financial services industry, our ability to compete effectively against other financial institutions in our banking markets, actions of government regulators, the level of market interest rates and our ability to manage our interest rate risk, changes in general economic conditions that affect our loan and lease portfolio, the abilities of our borrowers to repay their loans and leases, the values of real estate and other collateral, the impact of the FDIC-assisted transactions, the risks discussed in Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors and other developments or changes in our business that we do not expect.
Actual results may differ materially from those expressed in or implied by any forward-looking statements. Except to the extent required by applicable law or regulation, BancShares undertakes no obligation to revise or update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason.
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Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Market risk is the potential economic loss resulting from changes in market prices and interest rates. This risk can either result in diminished current fair values of financial instruments or reduced net interest income in future periods. As of September 30, 2018, BancShares’ market risk profile has not changed significantly from December 31, 2017, as discussed in the Form 10-K. Changes in fair value that result from movement in market rates cannot be predicted with any degree of certainty. Therefore, the impact that future changes in market rates will have on the fair values of financial instruments is uncertain.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
BancShares' management, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of BancShares' disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, in accordance with Rule 13a-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act). Based upon that evaluation, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that BancShares' disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that it is able to record, process, summarize and report in a timely manner the information required to be disclosed in the reports it files under the Exchange Act.
No changes in BancShares' internal control over financial reporting occurred during the third quarter of 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, BancShares' internal control over financial reporting.
PART II
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
BancShares and various subsidiaries have been named as defendants in various legal actions arising from our normal business activities in which damages in various amounts are claimed. Although the amount of any ultimate liability with respect to those matters cannot be determined, in the opinion of management, no legal actions currently exist that are expected to have a material effect on BancShares’ consolidated financial statements. Additional information relating to legal proceedings is set forth in Note L of BancShares' Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
BancShares is currently monitoring the September 2018 impact of Hurricane Florence and the October 2018 impact of Hurricane Michael in our market areas. We are in the preliminary stages of assessing how these situations may impact our customers and the areas in which they operate. The impact of these hurricanes could affect the company and our earnings but until more is known about the magnitude of the situations, it is premature to reasonably assess that impact.
The risks described above, as well as the risks described in our annual Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 should be carefully considered. The risks described may not be the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that are currently considered to not be material also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.
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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Information concerning BancShares' repurchases of outstanding common stock during the three month period ended September 30, 2018, is included in the following table:

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Period | Total Number of Class A Shares Purchased | Average Price Paid per Share | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs | Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
July 1-31, 2018 | — |  | $ | — |  | — |  | 800,000 |
August 1-31, 2018 | 100,000 |  | 465.00 |  | 100,000 |  | 700,000 |
September 1-30, 2018 | 25,000 |  | 463.39 |  | 25,000 |  | 625,000 |
Total | 125,000 |  | $ | 464.68 |  | 125,000 |  | 625,000 |

Subsequent to quarter-end and through October 31, 2018, BancShares repurchased an additional 75,000 shares of Class A common stock for approximately $32.9 million at an average cost per share of $438.26.
Item 6. Exhibits

31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer (filed herewith)
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer (filed herewith)
32.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer (filed herewith)
32.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer (filed herewith)
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: | November 1, 2018 |  |  | FIRST CITIZENS BANCSHARES, INC.
|  |  |  | (Registrant)
|  | By: |  | /s/ CRAIG L. NIX
|  |  |  | Craig L. Nix
|  |  |  | Chief Financial Officer

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