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Equity and Cash Incentive Program (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items] |
Stock-based incentive plans compensation expense | Stock-based compensation costs are reported within Selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. The following table summarizes the Company’s compensation expense relating to all stock-based incentive plans:
| Years Ended December 31, |  |  |  |
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Pre-tax stock-based compensation expense (continuing) | $ | 23,698 |  | $ | 24,073 |  | $ | 18,650
Tax benefit | (2,722) |  | (8,411) |  | (6,579)
Total stock-based compensation expense, net of tax | $ | 20,976 |  | $ | 15,662 |  | $ | 12,071
Summary of activity relating to SARs and stock options | A summary of activity relating to SARs granted under the 2012 Plan and the predecessor plans for the year ended December 31, 2018 is as follows:
| SARs |  |  |  |
| Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Outstanding at January 1, 2018 | 6,573,979 |  | $ | 62.78 |  |
Granted (1) | 757,603 |  | 81.43 |  |
Surrendered upon spin-off (2) | (210,119) |  | 68.36 |  |
Modification upon spin-off (3) | 1,138,008 |  | — |  |
Forfeited / expired | (438,014) |  | 68.76 |  |
Exercised | (2,492,253) |  | 47.17 |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2018 | 5,329,204 |  | 60.19 |  | 6.2
Exercisable at December 31, 2018 | 2,661,980 |  | $ | 57.26 |  | 4.5
(1) Weighted average grant-date fair value updated to reflect the modification of grants in connection with the separation of Apergy on May 9, 2018. (2) In connection with the spin-off on May 9, 2018, Apergy employees surrendered their outstanding Dover equity awards, which were then converted to Apergy equity awards. (3) Subsequent to the separation of Apergy, the Company modified its outstanding equity awards to employees such that all individuals received an equivalent fair value both before and after the separation, which resulted in a lower exercise price for all outstanding equity awards at the time of modification.
Other information for SARs and stock options | Other information regarding the exercise of SARs is listed below:
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
SARs |  |  |  |  |
Fair value of SARs that became exercisable | $ | 12,832 |  | $ | 16,006 |  | $ | 24,843
Aggregate intrinsic value of SARs exercised | $ | 101,365 |  | $ | 44,646 |  | $ | 34,916
Summary of activity for performance share awards | A summary of activity for performance share awards for the year ended December 31, 2018 is as follows:
| Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at January 1, 2018 | 124,467 |  | $ | 65.80
Granted (1) | 122,459 |  | 80.30
Surrendered upon spin-off (2) | (10,683) |  | 67.39
Modification upon spin-off (3) | 26,316 |  | —
Forfeited | (57,015) |  | 67.88
Vested | (60,587) |  | 48.27
Unvested at December 31, 2018 | 144,957 |  | $ | 76.99
(1) Weighted average grant-date fair value updated to reflect the modification of grants in connection with the separation of Apergy on May 9, 2018. (2) In connection with the spin-off on May 9, 2018, Apergy employees surrendered their outstanding Dover equity awards, which were then converted to Apergy equity awards. (3) Subsequent to the separation of Apergy, the Company modified its outstanding equity awards to employees such that all individuals received an equivalent fair value both before and after the separation.
Summary of activity for restricted stock units | A summary of activity for restricted stock units for the year ended December 31, 2018 is as follows:
| Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at January 1, 2018 | 333,886 |  | $ | 70.06
Granted (1) | 284,721 |  | 80.59
Surrendered upon spin-off (2) | (26,762) |  | 70.21
Modification upon spin-off (3) | 47,063 |  | —
Forfeited | (58,436) |  | 69.66
Vested | (189,991) |  | 70.06
Unvested at December 31, 2018 | 390,481 |  | $ | 73.35
(1) Weighted average grant-date fair value updated to reflect the modification of grants in connection with the separation of Apergy on May 9, 2018. (2) In connection with the spin-off on May 9, 2018, Apergy employees surrendered their outstanding Dover equity awards, which were then converted to Apergy equity awards. (3) Subsequent to the separation of Apergy, the Company modified its outstanding equity awards to employees such that all individuals received an equivalent fair value both before and after the separation.
Shares granted to directors | The Company issued the following shares to its non-employee directors under the 2012 Plan as partial compensation for serving as directors of the Company:
| Years ended December 31, |  |  |  |
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Aggregate shares granted | 15,802 |  | 16,231 |  | 21,023
Shares deferred | (9,917) |  | (11,337) |  | (11,882)
Net shares issued | 5,885 |  | 4,894 |  | 9,141
Stock Appreciation Rights (SARs) [Member] |
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items] |
Assumptions used in determining fair value of stock appreciation rights and performance shares awarded during the period | The fair value of each SAR grant was estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:
| 2018 |  |  |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Risk-free interest rate | 2.58 | % | - |  | 2.87% |  |  | 1.80 | % |  | 1.05 | %
Dividend yield | 1.99 | % | - |  | 2.43% |  |  | 2.27 | % |  | 3.09 | %
Expected life (years) | 5.6 | - | 5.7 |  | 4.6 |  | 4.6
Volatility | 20.95 | % | - |  | 21.20% |  |  | 21.90 | % |  | 26.17 | %
Grant price (1) | $79.75 | - | $82.09 |  | $ | 66.85 |  | $ | 48.28
Fair value at date of grant (1) | $14.58 | - | $15.41 |  | $ | 10.65 |  | $ | 7.80
(1) Updated to reflect the modification of grants in connection with the separation of Apergy on May 9, 2018.
Awards outstanding, vested and exercisable | The following table summarizes information about outstanding SARs at December 31, 2018:
|  | SARs Outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | SARs Exercisable |  |  |  |  |  |
Range of Exercise Prices |  | Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted Average Remaining Life in Years |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value |  | Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted Average Remaining Life in Years |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
$21.89 - $37.79 |  | 135,497 |  | $ | 29.61 |  | 0.9 |  | $ | 5,601 |  | 135,497 |  | $ | 29.61 |  | 0.9 |  | $ | 5,601
$40.54 - $58.69 |  | 2,323,949 |  | $ | 50.13 |  | 5.3 |  | 48,394 |  | 1,233,688 |  | $ | 31.87 |  | 3.6 |  | 23,646
$61.79 - $82.51 |  | 2,869,758 |  | $ | 69.79 |  | 7.3 |  | 10,881 |  | 1,292,795 |  | $ | 65.33 |  | 5.7 |  | 7,368
|  | 5,329,204 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 64,876 |  | 2,661,980 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 36,615
Performance Shares [Member] |
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items] |
Assumptions used in determining fair value of stock appreciation rights and performance shares awarded during the period | The fair value and average attainment used in determining compensation cost of the performance shares issued in 2018, 2017 and 2016 are as follows for the year ended December 31, 2018:
|  |  | Performance shares |  |  |  |
| 2018 |  |  |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Fair value per share at date of grant (1) | $79.75 | - | $82.09 |  | $66.85 |  | $48.28
Average attainment rate reflected in expense | 285.39 % |  |  |  |  | 280.00 | % |  | 34.61 | %

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