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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | 7. Income Taxes Income Tax Expense The following table presents Devon’s income tax components.
|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Current income tax expense (benefit): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. federal |  | $ | 441 |  |  | $ | 501 |  |  | $ | 10 |
Various states |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | 65 |  |  |  | 9 |
Canada |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | (3 | )
Total current income tax expense |  |  | 465 |  |  |  | 559 |  |  |  | 16 |
Deferred income tax expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. federal |  |  | 365 |  |  |  | 1,090 |  |  |  | 18 |
Various states |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 82 |  |  |  | 22 |
Canada |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 9 |
Total deferred income tax expense |  |  | 376 |  |  |  | 1,179 |  |  |  | 49 |
Total income tax expense |  | $ | 841 |  |  | $ | 1,738 |  |  | $ | 65 |
Total income tax expense differed from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate to earnings before income taxes as a result of the following:
|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Earnings before income taxes |  | $ | 4,623 |  |  | $ | 7,775 |  |  | $ | 2,898 |
U.S. statutory income tax rate |  |  | 21 | % |  |  | 21 | % |  |  | 21 | %
State income taxes |  |  | 1 | % |  |  | 1 | % |  |  | 1 | %
Income tax credits |  |  | (3 | %) |  |  | 0 | % |  |  | 0 | %
Other |  |  | (1 | %) |  |  | 0 | % |  |  | 2 | %
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance |  |  | 0 | % |  |  | 0 | % |  |  | (22 | %)
Effective income tax rate |  |  | 18 | % |  |  | 22 | % |  |  | 2 | %
2023 In 2023, Devon recognized income tax credits associated with its qualified research activities. This includes actual credits generated in the 2018-2022 tax years as well as estimated credits for the 2023 tax year. 2021 Prior to 2021, Devon maintained a valuation allowance against all U.S. federal deferred tax assets. Devon recognized approximately $250 million of deferred tax liabilities to account for the Merger. The recognition of these deferred tax liabilities caused a decrease to Devon’s net deferred tax assets and a corresponding decrease to the valuation allowance Devon had recognized on its U.S. federal deferred tax assets. Due to significant increases in commodity pricing and projections of future income, in the fourth quarter of 2021, Devon reassessed its evaluation of the realizability of deferred tax assets in future years and determined that a U.S. federal valuation allowance was no longer necessary. As such, Devon removed its remaining $84 million U.S. federal valuation allowance. Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities The following table presents the tax effects of temporary differences that gave rise to Devon’s deferred tax assets and liabilities.
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital loss carryforwards |  | $ | 542 |  |  | $ | 523 |
Net operating loss carryforwards |  |  | 447 |  |  |  | 526 |
Accrued liabilities |  |  | 194 |  |  |  | 209 |
Asset retirement obligation |  |  | 148 |  |  |  | 119 |
Other, including tax credits |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 14 |
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowance |  |  | 1,356 |  |  |  | 1,391 |
Less: valuation allowance |  |  | (826 | ) |  |  | (814 | )
Net deferred tax assets |  |  | 530 |  |  |  | 577 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Property and equipment |  |  | (2,304 | ) |  |  | (1,969 | )
Fair value of derivative financial instruments |  |  | (50 | ) |  |  | (33 | )
Other |  |  | (14 | ) |  |  | (38 | )
Total deferred tax liabilities |  |  | (2,368 | ) |  |  | (2,040 | )
Net deferred tax liability |  | $ | (1,838 | ) |  | $ | (1,463 | )
At December 31, 2023, Devon has recognized $447 million of deferred tax assets related to various net operating loss carryforwards available to offset future taxable income. Devon has $139 million of U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards, of which $117 million expires between 2030 and 2036, and $22 million does not expire. Devon has $5 million of Canadian net operating loss carryforwards, all of which are covered by a valuation allowance. Devon also has $303 million of state net operating loss carryforwards primarily expiring between 2024 and 2040, $264 million of which are covered by a valuation allowance. Devon’s remaining $139 million U.S. federal net operating losses were acquired from WPX as a result of the Merger. These net operating losses are subject to limitation pursuant to Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, which relates to limitations upon the 50% or greater change of ownership of an entity during any three-year period. The Company anticipates utilizing these net operating losses prior to their expiration. Devon's remaining Canadian deferred tax assets of $557 million, primarily made up of $542 million of capital losses, are fully covered by a valuation allowance. Unrecognized Tax Benefits The following table presents changes in Devon’s unrecognized tax benefits.
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
|  | (Millions) |
Balance at beginning of year |  | $ | 73 |  |  | $ | 36 |
Tax positions taken in prior periods |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 51 |
Settlements |  |  | — |  |  |  | (14 | )
Balance at end of year |  | $ | 83 |  |  | $ | 73 |
Devon's 2023 unrecognized tax benefit balance includes $4 million of interest. At December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were $83 million and $73 million, respectively, of current unrecognized tax benefits that if recognized would affect the annual effective tax rate. Deferred unrecognized tax benefits of $42 million at December 31, 2021 are not included in the table above but are accounted for in Devon’s deferred tax disclosure above. Due to utilization of tax attributes in 2022, $42 million of Devon’s deferred unrecognized tax benefits were reclassified as current unrecognized tax benefits. Included below is a summary of the tax years, by jurisdiction, that remain subject to examination by taxing authorities.
Jurisdiction |  | Tax Years Open
U.S. federal |  | 2015-2023
Various U.S. states |  | 2019-2023
Canada |  | 2006-2023
Certain statute of limitation expirations are scheduled to occur in the next twelve months. Devon is currently in various stages of the audit and administrative review process for certain open tax years.

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