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Income taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of provision for income taxes by tax jurisdiction
The following table presents our provision for income taxes by tax jurisdiction for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Deferred tax expense (benefit)
 
 
 
 
 
Ireland
$
140,621

 
$
144,532

 
$
141,364

United States
6,510

 
56,650

 
(41,163
)
The Netherlands
4,136

 
(7,470
)
 
(8,346
)
Other
8,881

 
(14,188
)
 
14,124

 
160,148

 
179,524

 
105,979

Deferred tax (benefit) expense related to a (decrease) increase in changes in valuation allowance of deferred tax assets
 
 
 
 
 
Ireland
368

 
1,366

 
1,562

United States
(2,838
)
 
(29,147
)
 
54,056

The Netherlands
(2,302
)
 
(8,518
)
 
12,843

Other
(7,788
)
 
13,796

 
(13,100
)
 
(12,560
)
 
(22,503
)
 
55,361

Current tax (benefit) expense
 
 
 
 
 
Ireland
(27
)
 
5,606

 
4,730

United States
(3,691
)
 
(1,659
)
 
3,166

The Netherlands
(307
)
 
717

 
1,164

Other
516

 
3,033

 
3,096

 
(3,509
)
 
7,697

 
12,156

Provision for income taxes
$
144,079

 
$
164,718

 
$
173,496

Schedule of reconciliation of statutory of income tax expense to provision for income taxes
The following table provides a reconciliation of the statutory income tax expense to provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
Income tax expense at statutory income tax rate of 12.5%
$
143,866

 
$
154,484

 
$
150,050

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Permanent differences
1,016

(a)
23,737

(b)
29,057

(c)
Foreign rate differential
(803
)
 
(13,503
)
 
(5,611
)
 
 
213

 
10,234

 
23,446

 
Provision for income taxes
$
144,079

 
$
164,718

 
$
173,496

 
 
(a)
The 2018 permanent differences included non-deductible share-based compensation in Ireland and in the Netherlands, and a valuation allowance change in respect of U.S., Dutch and Irish tax losses.
(b)
The 2017 permanent differences included non-deductible share-based compensation in Ireland and in the Netherlands, impacts of the change in tax rate in the United States, and a valuation allowance change in respect of U.S., Dutch and Irish tax losses.
(c)
The 2016 permanent differences included non-deductible share-based compensation in Ireland and in the Netherlands, non-deductible intercompany interest allocated to the United States, and a valuation allowance taken in respect of U.S., Dutch and Irish tax losses.
Schedule of foreign rate differential by tax jurisdiction
The following tables present our foreign rate differential by tax jurisdiction for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016:
 
Year Ended December 31, 2018
 
Pre-tax income (loss)
 
Local statutory tax rate (a)
 
Variance to Irish statutory tax rate of 12.5%
 
Tax variance as a result of global activities (b)
Tax jurisdiction
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ireland
$
1,163,574

 
12.5
%
 
0.0
%
 
$

United States
(85
)
 
22.0
%
 
9.5
%
 
(8
)
The Netherlands
6,108

 
25.0
%
 
12.5
%
 
764

Other
(10,977
)
 
26.7
%
 
14.2
%
 
(1,559
)
Taxable income
$
1,158,620

 
 
 
 
 
$
(803
)
Permanent differences (c)
(7,687
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations before income tax
$
1,150,933

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31, 2017
 
Pre-tax income (loss)
 
Local statutory tax rate (a)
 
Variance to Irish statutory tax rate of 12.5%
 
Tax variance as a result of global activities (b)
Tax jurisdiction
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ireland
$
1,212,029

 
12.5
%
 
0.0
 %
 
$

United States
72,390

 
35.7
%
 
23.2
 %
 
16,744

The Netherlands
(61,086
)
 
25.0
%
 
12.5
 %
 
(7,636
)
Isle of Man
185,882

 
0.0
%
 
(12.5
)%
 
(23,235
)
Other
9,138

 
19.3
%
 
6.8
 %
 
624

Taxable income
$
1,418,353

 
 
 
 
 
$
(13,503
)
Permanent differences (d)
(182,481
)
 
 
 
 
 
 

Income from continuing operations before income tax
$
1,235,872

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31, 2016
 
Pre-tax income (loss)
 
Local statutory tax rate (a)
 
Variance to Irish statutory tax rate of 12.5%
 
Tax variance as a result of global activities (b)
Tax jurisdiction
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ireland
$
1,151,387

 
12.5
%
 
0.0
 %
 
$

United States
44,238

 
36.3
%
 
23.8
 %
 
10,529

The Netherlands
37,580

 
25.0
%
 
12.5
 %
 
4,698

Isle of Man
181,286

 
0.0
%
 
(12.5
)%
 
(22,661
)
Other
18,989

 
22.1
%
 
9.6
 %
 
1,823

Taxable income
$
1,433,480

 
 
 
 
 
$
(5,611
)
Permanent differences (e)
(233,084
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations before income tax
$
1,200,396

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a)
The local statutory income tax expense for our significant tax jurisdictions (Ireland, the United States and the Netherlands) does not differ from the actual income tax expense.
(b)
The tax variance as a result of global activities is primarily caused by our operations in countries with a higher or lower statutory tax rate than the statutory tax rate in Ireland.
(c)
The 2018 permanent differences included non-deductible share-based compensation in Ireland and in the Netherlands, and a valuation allowance change in respect of U.S., Dutch and Irish tax losses.
(d)
The 2017 permanent differences included non-deductible share-based compensation in Ireland and in the Netherlands, impacts of the change in tax rate in the United States, and a valuation allowance change in respect of U.S., Dutch and Irish tax losses.
(e)
The 2016 permanent differences included non-deductible share-based compensation in Ireland and in the Netherlands, non-deductible intercompany interest allocated to the United States, and a valuation allowance taken in respect of U.S., Dutch and Irish tax losses.
Schedule of principal components of deferred tax assets and liabilities
The following tables provide details regarding the principal components of our deferred income tax liabilities and assets by jurisdiction as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:
 
As of December 31, 2018
 
Ireland
 
United States
 
The
Netherlands
 
Other
 
Total
Depreciation/Impairment
$
(1,612,534
)
 
$
254

 
$
5,974

 
$
(887
)
 
$
(1,607,193
)
Intangibles
(7,011
)
 
(6,108
)
 

 

 
(13,119
)
Interest expense

 
(126
)
 

 

 
(126
)
Accrued maintenance liability
(3,242
)
 
4,509

 

 

 
1,267

Obligations under capital leases and debt obligations
(4,255
)
 

 

 

 
(4,255
)
Investments

 
(8,619
)
 

 

 
(8,619
)
Deferred losses on sale of assets

 
28,770

 

 

 
28,770

Accrued expenses

 
1,952

 

 

 
1,952

Valuation allowance
(3,296
)
 
(57,145
)
 
(15,938
)
 
(15,919
)
 
(92,298
)
Losses and credits forward
996,676

 
62,351

 
28,770

 
23,018

 
1,110,815

Other
(77,973
)
 
(1,324
)
 
(1,760
)
 
(2,454
)
 
(83,511
)
Net deferred income tax (liabilities) assets
$
(711,635
)
 
$
24,514

 
$
17,046

 
$
3,758

 
$
(666,317
)
 
As of December 31, 2017
 
Ireland
 
United States
 
The
Netherlands
 
Other
 
Total
Depreciation/Impairment
$
(1,336,757
)
 
$
1,553

 
$
9,138

 
$
327

 
$
(1,325,739
)
Intangibles
(4,159
)
 
(5,341
)
 

 

 
(9,500
)
Interest expense

 
(166
)
 

 

 
(166
)
Accrued maintenance liability
(4,362
)
 
4,055

 

 

 
(307
)
Obligations under capital leases and debt obligations
(4,691
)
 

 

 

 
(4,691
)
Investments

 
(8,095
)
 

 

 
(8,095
)
Deferred losses on sale of assets

 
32,119

 

 

 
32,119

Accrued expenses

 
7,338

 

 

 
7,338

Valuation allowance
(2,928
)
 
(59,983
)
 
(18,240
)
 
(23,707
)
 
(104,858
)
Losses and credits forward
850,774

 
59,260

 
26,047

 
25,731

 
961,812

Other
(70,042
)
 
(2,543
)
 
(542
)
 
2,500

 
(70,627
)
Net deferred income tax (liabilities) assets
$
(572,165
)
 
$
28,197

 
$
16,403

 
$
4,851

 
$
(522,714
)
Schedule of movement in valuation allowance for deferred income taxes
The following table presents the movements in the valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
Valuation allowance at beginning of period
$
104,858

 
$
127,361

Decrease of allowance to income tax provision
(12,560
)
 
(22,503
)
Valuation allowance at end of period
$
92,298

 
$
104,858