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Fair value measurements | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2020
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair value measurements | Fair value measurements The Company determines fair value based on the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. It is our policy to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when developing fair value measurements, in accordance with the fair value hierarchy as described below. Where limited or no observable market data exists, fair value measurements for assets and liabilities are primarily based on management’s own estimates and are calculated based upon the economic and competitive environment, the characteristics of the asset or liability and other such factors. Therefore, the results may not be realized in actual sale or immediate settlement of the asset or liability. The degree of judgment used in measuring the fair value of a financial and non-financial asset or liability generally correlates with the level of pricing observability. We classify our fair value measurements based on the observability and significance of the inputs used in making the measurement, as provided below: Level 1 — Quoted prices available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reported date. Level 2 — Observable market data. Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets, liabilities (risk adjusted) and market-corroborated inputs, such as market comparables, interest rates, yield curves and other items that allow value to be determined. Level 3 — Unobservable inputs from our own assumptions about market risk developed based on the best information available, subject to cost-benefit analysis. Inputs may include our own data. Fair value measurements are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to their fair value measurement. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, our derivative portfolio consisted of interest rate swaps and caps. The fair value of derivatives is based on dealer quotes for identical instruments. We have also considered the credit rating and risk of the counterparty of the derivative contract based on quantitative and qualitative factors. As such, the valuation of these instruments was classified as Level 2. The following tables present our financial assets and liabilities that we measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
| June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative assets | $ | 1,852 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,852 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative liabilities | $ | 200,014 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 200,014 |  |  | $ | — |
| December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative assets | $ | 11,664 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11,664 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative liabilities | $ | 97,066 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 97,066 |  |  | $ | — |
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis We measure the fair value of certain definite-lived intangible assets and our flight equipment on a non-recurring basis, when U.S. GAAP requires the application of fair value, including when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the assets may not be recoverable. Additional details of recoverability assessments performed on certain definite-lived intangible assets and our flight equipment are described in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on March 5, 2020. Management develops the assumptions used in the fair value measurements. Therefore, the fair value measurements of definite-lived intangible assets and flight equipment are classified as Level 3 valuations. Flight equipment Inputs to non-recurring fair value measurements categorized as Level 3 We use the income approach to measure the fair value of flight equipment, which is based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. Key inputs to the income statement approach include the discount rate, current contractual lease cash flows, projected future non-contractual lease or sale cash flows, extended to the end of the aircraft’s estimated holding period in its highest and best use, and a contractual or estimated disposition value. The current contractual lease cash flows are based on the in-force lease rates. The projected future non-contractual lease cash flows are estimated based on the aircraft type, age, and the airframe and engine configuration of the aircraft. The projected non-contractual lease cash flows are applied to follow-on lease terms, which are estimated based on the age of the aircraft at the time of re-lease and are assumed through the estimated holding period of the aircraft. The estimated holding period is the period over which future cash flows are assumed to be generated. Shorter holding periods can result when a potential sale or future disassembly of an aircraft for the sale of its parts (“part-out”) of an individual aircraft has been contracted for, or is likely. In instances of a potential sale or part-out, the holding period is based on the estimated sale or part-out date. The disposition value is generally estimated based on aircraft type. In situations where the aircraft will be disposed of, the disposition value assumed is based on an estimated part-out value or the contracted sale price. The estimated future cash flows, as described above, are then discounted to present value. The discount rate used is based on the aircraft type and incorporates assumptions market participants would use regarding the likely debt and equity financing components, and the required returns of those financing components. Sensitivity to changes in unobservable inputs When estimating the fair value measurement of flight equipment, we consider the effect of a change in a particular assumption independently of changes in any other assumptions. The significant unobservable inputs utilized in the fair value measurement of flight equipment are the discount rate, the remaining estimated holding period and the non-contractual cash flows. The discount rate is affected by movements in the aircraft funding markets, including fluctuations in required rates of return in debt and equity, and loan to value ratios. The remaining estimated holding period and non-contractual cash flows represent management’s estimate of the remaining service period of an aircraft and the estimated non-contractual cash flows over the remaining life of the aircraft. An increase in the discount rate would decrease the fair value measurement of the aircraft, while an increase in the remaining estimated holding period or the estimated non-contractual cash flows would increase the fair value measurement of the aircraft. Fair value disclosures of financial instruments The fair value of restricted cash and cash and cash equivalents approximates their carrying value because of their short-term nature (Level 1). The fair value of our long-term unsecured debt is estimated using quoted market prices for similar or identical instruments, depending on the frequency and volume of activity in the market. The fair value of our long-term secured debt is estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis based on current market interest rates and spreads for debt with similar characteristics (Level 2). Derivatives are recognized in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair value. The fair value of derivatives is based on dealer quotes for identical instruments. We have also considered the credit rating and risk of the counterparties of the derivative contracts based on quantitative and qualitative factors (Level 2). All of our financial instruments are measured at amortized cost, other than derivatives which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The carrying amounts and fair values of our most significant financial instruments as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were as follows:
| June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Carrying value |  | Fair value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,382,655 |  |  | $ | 2,382,655 |  |  | $ | 2,382,655 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Restricted cash | 260,466 |  |  | 260,466 |  |  | 260,466 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Derivative assets | 1,852 |  |  | 1,852 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,852 |  |  | — |
| $ | 2,644,973 |  |  | $ | 2,644,973 |  |  | $ | 2,643,121 |  |  | $ | 1,852 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt | $ | 30,829,449 |  | (a) | $ | 29,720,936 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 29,720,936 |  |  | $ | — |
Derivative liabilities | 200,014 |  |  | 200,014 |  |  | — |  |  | 200,014 |  |  | — |
| $ | 31,029,463 |  |  | $ | 29,920,950 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 29,920,950 |  |  | $ | — |
(a)Excludes debt issuance costs, debt discounts and debt premium.
| December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Carrying value |  | Fair value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,121,396 |  |  | $ | 1,121,396 |  |  | $ | 1,121,396 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Restricted cash | 178,951 |  |  | 178,951 |  |  | 178,951 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Derivative assets | 11,664 |  |  | 11,664 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,664 |  |  | — |
| $ | 1,312,011 |  |  | $ | 1,312,011 |  |  | $ | 1,300,347 |  |  | $ | 11,664 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt | $ | 29,624,266 |  | (a) | $ | 30,219,588 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 30,219,588 |  |  | $ | — |
Derivative liabilities | 97,066 |  |  | 97,066 |  |  | — |  |  | 97,066 |  |  | — |
| $ | 29,721,332 |  |  | $ | 30,316,654 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 30,316,654 |  |  | $ | — |
(a)Excludes debt issuance costs, debt discounts and debt premium.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=117815213&loc=d3e19207-110258 + Details
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