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Income Taxes
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
Income tax expense was $84 million and $57 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The effective tax rate was 23.9% and 22.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2021 differed from the US federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to state and local income taxes, partially offset by excess tax benefits on equity-based compensation. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2020 differed from the US federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to state and local income taxes and a discrete deferred tax expense as a result of an increase in the UK corporate tax rate that was effective in the prior year, partially offset by excess tax benefits on equity-based compensation.
Income tax expense was $237 million and $157 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The effective tax rate was 23.5% and 22.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 differed from the US federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to state and local income taxes and a discrete deferred tax expense as a result of an increase in the UK corporate tax rate effective in 2023, partially offset by excess tax benefits on equity-based compensation. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 differed from the US federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to state and local income taxes and a discrete deferred tax expense as a result of an increase in the UK corporate tax rate that was effective in the prior year, largely offset by excess tax benefits on equity-based compensation.