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Income Taxes
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
Income tax expense was $91 million and $98 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The effective tax rate, expressed by calculating the income tax expense as a percentage of Income before income taxes, was 25.7% and 26.0% for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Income tax expense was $157 million and $178 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The effective tax rate, expressed by calculating the income tax expense as a percentage of Income before income taxes, was 24.2% and 25.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The effective tax rate for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022 differed from the US federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to state and local income taxes, partially offset by excess tax benefits on equity-based compensation.