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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS | FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS The following table provides a summary of the recognized assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
|  |  | Basis of Fair Value Measurements
| Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trading securities | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |
Available-for-sale equity securities | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 97 |  |  | $ | 60 |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred compensation liabilities | $ | 103 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 103 |  |  | $ | — |
Interest rate swaps | 89 |  |  | — |  |  | 89 |  |  | — |
Contingent consideration | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |
Total | $ | 199 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 192 |  |  | $ | 7 |
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trading securities | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies | 32 |  |  | — |  |  | 32 |  |  | — |
Available-for-sale equity securities | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 86 |  |  | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred compensation liabilities | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | — |
Interest rate swaps | 88 |  |  | — |  |  | 88 |  |  | — |
Contingent consideration | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Total | $ | 182 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 179 |  |  | $ | 3 |
The Company offers certain employees the opportunity to participate in non-qualified supplemental deferred compensation plans. A participant's deferrals, together with Company matching credits, are invested in a variety of participant-directed stock and bond mutual funds that are classified as trading securities. The trading securities are classified within Level 1 because the changes in the fair value of these securities are measured using quoted prices in active markets based on the market price per unit multiplied by the number of units held, exclusive of any transaction costs. A corresponding adjustment for changes in fair value of the trading securities is also reflected in the changes in fair value of the deferred compensation obligation. The deferred compensation liabilities are classified within Level 2 because their inputs are derived principally from observable market data by correlation to the trading securities. The Company offers certain employees the opportunity to participate in a non-qualified deferred compensation program. A participant's deferrals, together with Company matching credits, are “invested” at the direction of the employee in a hypothetical portfolio of investments which are tracked by an administrator. The Company purchases life insurance policies, with the Company named as beneficiary of the policies, for the purpose of funding the program's liability. Changes in the cash surrender value of the life insurance policies are based upon earnings and changes in the value of the underlying investments. Changes in the fair value of the deferred compensation obligation are derived using quoted prices in active markets based on the market price per unit multiplied by the number of units. The cash surrender value and the deferred compensation obligations are classified within Level 2 because their inputs are derived principally from observable market data by correlation to the hypothetical investments. This plan was amended effective January 1, 2018 so that future deferrals under the plan may only be made by participants who made deferrals under the plan in 2017. The fair value measurements of the Company's interest rate swaps classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are model-derived valuations as of a given date in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets including certain financial information and certain assumptions regarding past, present and future market conditions. Investment in available-for-sale equity securities represents an investment in registered shares of a publicly-held company. The Company's investment in available-for-sale equity securities is classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because the fair value is obtained from quoted prices in an active market. In April 2014, the Company completed the acquisitions of Summit Health, Inc. ("Summit Health"), a provider of on-site prevention and wellness programs, and Steward Health Care Systems, LLC's ("Steward") laboratory outreach business. In connection with these acquisitions the Company initially recorded an aggregate contingent consideration liability of $26 million. The contingent consideration liability was classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy measured at fair value using a probability weighted and discounted cash flow method. These measurements are based on externally obtained inputs and management's probability assessments of the occurrence of triggering events, appropriately discounted considering the uncertainties associated with the obligations, as well as the likelihood of achieving financial targets. The initial probability estimate of the occurrence of such triggering events associated with the amounts the Company could be obligated to pay in future periods for both Summit Health and Steward was between 5% and 95%. The probability-weighted cash flows were then discounted using a discount rate of 1.5% to 2.8%. Based on actual 2015 results for Summit Health compared to the earn-out target included in the contingent consideration arrangement, no payment was required. Therefore, the fair value of the contingent consideration accrual associated with Summit Health was reduced to $0 in the second quarter of 2015, which resulted in a $13 million gain included in other operating expense (income), net for the year ended December 31, 2015. The remaining contingent consideration associated with Steward of $1 million is expected to be paid in 2018. In December 2017, the Company completed the acquisition of Shiel which provides for up to $15 million of contingent consideration to be paid based on the achievement of certain testing volume benchmarks. In connection with the acquisition, the Company initially recorded a contingent consideration liability of $6 million which was classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The contingent consideration was measured at fair value using an option-pricing model. Significant inputs included management's estimate of volume and other market inputs including comparable company revenue volatility of 6.9% and a discount rate of 4.5%. Any contingent consideration associated with Shiel is expected to be paid in 2018. For further details regarding the Shiel acquisition, see Note 5. The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of liabilities using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
| Contingent Consideration
Balance, December 31, 2015 | $ | 3 |
Purchases, additions and issuances | — |
Balance, December 31, 2016 | 3 |
Purchases, additions and issuances | 6 |
Settlements | (2 | )
Balance, December 31, 2017 | $ | 7 |
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value based on the short maturities of these instruments. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the fair value of the Company's debt was estimated at $4.0 billion and $3.9 billion, respectively. Principally all of the Company's debt is classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because the fair value of the debt is estimated based on rates currently offered to the Company with identical terms and maturities, using quoted active market prices and yields, taking into account the underlying terms of the debt instruments.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2155941 + Details
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