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TAXES ON INCOME TAXES ON INCOME (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of Income Tax Expense

The components of income tax expense (benefit) for 2018, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:

	2018				2017				2016
Current:
Federal	$	82			$	226			$	346
State and local	26				5				45
Foreign	1				1				1
Deferred:
Federal	66				(20		)		33
State and local	10				27				4
Foreign	(3		)		2				—
Total	$	182			$	241			$	429

Reconciliation of the Federal Statutory Rate

A reconciliation of the federal statutory rate to the Company's effective tax rate for 2018, 2017 and 2016 was as follows:

	2018			2017			2016
Tax provision at statutory rate	21.0	%		35.0	%		35.0	%
State and local income taxes, net of federal benefit	4.7			3.8			3.3
Gains and losses on book and tax basis difference	—			(0.1	)		3.3
Impact of noncontrolling interests	(1.4	)		(1.9	)		(1.8	)
Excess tax benefits on stock-based compensation arrangements	(1.9	)		(3.6	)		(0.8	)
Return to provision true-ups	(1.4	)		(2.0	)		(0.8	)
Impact of TCJA enactment	0.1			(10.4	)		—
Change in accounting method	(1.6	)		—			—
Other, net	0.2			2.6			1.3
Effective tax rate	19.7	%		23.4	%		39.5	%

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets (liabilities) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:

	2018				2017
Non-current deferred tax assets (liabilities):
Accounts receivable reserves	$	66			$	63
Liabilities not currently deductible	137				129
Stock-based compensation	38				41
Basis differences in investments, joint ventures and subsidiaries	(80		)		(79		)
Net operating loss carryforwards, net of valuation allowance	80				83
Depreciation and amortization	(484		)		(403		)
Total non-current deferred tax liabilities, net	$	(243	)		$	(166	)

Schedule of Unrecognized Benefits

The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of and for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 consisted of the following:

	2018				2017				2016
Balance, beginning of year	$	115			$	98			$	91
Additions:
For tax positions of current year	2				5				3
For tax positions of prior years	11				23				12
Reductions:
Changes in judgment	(6		)		(2		)		(1		)
Expirations of statutes of limitations	(15		)		(6		)		(7		)
Settlements	—				(3		)		—
Balance, end of year	$	107			$	115			$	98

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Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years.

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-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
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Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets.

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Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.

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Tabular disclosure for tax positions taken in the tax returns filed or to be filed for which it is more likely than not that the tax position will not be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities and other income tax contingencies. Includes, but is not limited to, interest and penalties, reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits, unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the effective tax rate, tax years that remain subject to examination by tax jurisdictions, and information about positions for which it is reasonably possible that amounts unrecognized will significantly change within 12 months.

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