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EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Abstract]
Income from continuing operations	$ 127	$ 213	$ 219	$ 177	$ 254	$ 161	$ 193	$ 164	$ 736	$ 772	$ 645
Less: Earnings allocated to participating securities									3	3	3
Earnings available to Quest Diagnostics' common stockholders - basic and diluted									$ 733	$ 769	$ 642
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic									136	137	140
Stock options and performance share units									3	3	2
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted									139	140	142
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.93	$ 1.56	$ 1.60	$ 1.30	$ 1.86	$ 1.18	$ 1.40	$ 1.19	$ 5.39	$ 5.63	$ 4.58
Net income, per diluted share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.92	$ 1.53	$ 1.57	$ 1.27	$ 1.82	$ 1.15	$ 1.37	$ 1.16	$ 5.29	$ 5.50	$ 4.51
Stock options and performance share units not included due to their antidilutive effect									2	2	1

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Securities (including those issuable pursuant to contingent stock agreements) that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share (EPS) or earnings per unit (EPU) in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted EPS or EPU because to do so would increase EPS or EPU amounts or decrease loss per share or unit amounts for the period presented.

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