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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
        Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

        The following table provides a summary of the recognized assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Basis of Fair Value Measurements
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets/LiabilitiesSignificant Other Observable InputsSignificant Unobservable Inputs
June 30, 2020TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Assets:    
Trading securities$58  $58  $—  $—  
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies42  —  42  —  
Available-for-sale debt securities12  —  —  12  
Total$112  $58  $42  $12  
Liabilities:    
Deferred compensation liabilities$108  $—  $108  $—  
Contingent consideration6  —  —  6  
Total$114  $—  $108  $6  
Redeemable noncontrolling interest$77  $—  $—  $77  
Basis of Fair Value Measurements
December 31, 2019TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Assets:       
Trading securities$59  $59  $—  $—  
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies43  —  43  —  
Available-for-sale debt securities12  —  —  12  
Total$114  $59  $43  $12  
Liabilities:    
Deferred compensation liabilities$110  $—  $110  $—  
Fixed-to-variable interest rate swaps28  —  28  —  
Contingent consideration7  —  —  7  
Total$145  $—  $138  $7  
Redeemable noncontrolling interest$76  $—  $—  $76  
        
        A detailed description regarding the Company's fair value measurements is contained in Note 7 to the audited consolidated financial statements in the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

        The Company offers certain employees the opportunity to participate in a non-qualified supplemental deferred compensation plan. A participant's deferrals, together with Company matching credits, are invested in a variety of participant-directed stock and bond mutual funds that are classified as trading securities. The trading securities are classified within Level
1 of the fair value hierarchy because the changes in the fair value of these securities are measured using quoted prices in active markets based on the market price per unit multiplied by the number of units held, exclusive of any transaction costs. A corresponding adjustment for changes in fair value of the trading securities is also reflected in the changes in fair value of the deferred compensation obligation. The deferred compensation liabilities are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because their inputs are derived principally from observable market data by correlation to the trading securities.

        The Company offers certain employees the opportunity to participate in a non-qualified deferred compensation program. A participant's deferrals, together with Company matching credits, are “invested” at the direction of the employee in a hypothetical portfolio of investments which are tracked by an administrator. The Company purchases life insurance policies, with the Company named as beneficiary of the policies, for the purpose of funding the program's liability. Changes in the cash surrender value of the life insurance policies are based upon earnings and changes in the value of the underlying investments. Changes in the fair value of the deferred compensation obligation are derived using quoted prices in active markets based on the market price per unit multiplied by the number of units. The cash surrender value and the deferred compensation obligation are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because their inputs are derived principally from observable market data by correlation to the hypothetical investments. Deferrals under the plan currently may only be made by participants who made deferrals under the plan in 2017.

        The Company's available-for-sale debt securities are measured at fair value using discounted cash flows. These fair value measurements are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as the fair value is based on significant inputs that are not observable. Significant inputs include cash flows projections and a discount rate.
        
        The fair value measurements of the Company's fixed-to-variable interest rate swaps, which were terminated during April 2020 (see Note 9), were classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and were based on model-derived valuations as of a given date in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets, including certain financial information and certain assumptions regarding past, present and future market conditions.

        In connection with previous business acquisitions, the Company has contingent consideration obligations that are to be paid based on the achievement of certain testing volume or revenue benchmarks. As of June 30, 2020, the fair value of these contingent consideration liabilities totaled $6 million. These contingent consideration liabilities are measured at fair value using an option-pricing method and are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as the fair value is determined based on significant inputs that are not observable. Significant inputs include management’s estimate of volume or revenue and other market inputs including comparable company revenue volatility and a discount rate. A summary of the significant inputs is as follows:
Business AcquisitionBenchmarkComparable Company Revenue VolatilityDiscount rateMaximum Contingent Consideration Payment
Certain assets of the clinical and anatomic pathology laboratory business of Shiel Holdings, LLCVolume6.9%4.5%$15  
ReproSource, Inc. Revenue8.5%6.5%$10  
        
        For further details regarding the Company's acquisitions, see Note 6 to the audited consolidated financial statements in the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Note 5 to the interim unaudited consolidated financial statements.

        The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of liabilities using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy):
Contingent Consideration
Balance, December 31, 2019$7  
Total (gains)/losses included in earnings - realized/unrealized (1) 
Balance, June 30, 2020$6  
        
        The $1 million net gain included in earnings associated with the change in the fair value of contingent consideration for the six months ended June 30, 2020 is reported in other operating income, net.
        
        In connection with the sale of an 18.9% noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary to UMass Memorial Medical Center ("UMass") on July 1, 2015, the Company granted UMass the right to require the Company to purchase all of its interest in the subsidiary at fair value commencing July 1, 2020. As of June 30, 2020, the redeemable noncontrolling interest was presented at its fair value. The fair value measurement of the redeemable noncontrolling interest is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because the fair value is based on a discounted cash flow analysis that takes into account, among other items, the joint venture's expected future cash flows, long term growth rates, and a discount rate commensurate with economic risk.
        
        The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value based on the short maturities of these instruments. As of both June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the fair value of the Company’s debt was estimated at $5.1 billion. Principally all of the Company's debt is classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because the fair value of the debt is estimated based on rates currently offered to the Company with identical terms and maturities, using quoted active market prices and yields, taking into account the underlying terms of the debt instruments.