<SEC-DOCUMENT>0000947871-22-000627.txt : 20220520
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20220520162952
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0000947871-22-000627
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		14
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20220519
ITEM INFORMATION:		Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20220520
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20220520

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001022079
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	SERVICES-MEDICAL LABORATORIES [8071]
		IRS NUMBER:				161387862
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-12215
		FILM NUMBER:		22948002

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		500 PLAZA DRIVE
		CITY:			SECAUCUS
		STATE:			NJ
		ZIP:			07094
		BUSINESS PHONE:		9735202700

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		500 PLAZA DRIVE
		CITY:			SECAUCUS
		STATE:			NJ
		ZIP:			07094

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	CORNING CLINICAL LABORATORIES INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19960903
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<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">UNITED STATES</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; border-top-width: 0in; border-top-color: Black">Check the appropriate
box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following
provisions (<span style="text-decoration: underline">see</span> General Instruction A.2. below):</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Wingdings"><span id="xdx_90E_edei--WrittenCommunications_c20220519__20220519_zPCm5mISv8nj"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-05-19to2022-05-19" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:WrittenCommunications">o</ix:nonNumeric></span></span> Written communications
pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Wingdings"><span id="xdx_90A_edei--SolicitingMaterial_c20220519__20220519_zxxAynGqM0Sd"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-05-19to2022-05-19" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:SolicitingMaterial">o</ix:nonNumeric></span></span> Soliciting material
pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Wingdings"><span id="xdx_900_edei--PreCommencementTenderOffer_c20220519__20220519_zZbkf6hzv9fj"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-05-19to2022-05-19" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer">o</ix:nonNumeric></span></span> Pre-commencement communications
pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Wingdings"><span id="xdx_90C_edei--PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_c20220519__20220519_zJNEPwUq7T4d"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-05-19to2022-05-19" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">o</ix:nonNumeric></span></span> Pre-commencement communications
pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))<br />
<br />
</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth
company as defined in as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0.5in">Emerging growth company <span style="font-family: Wingdings"><span id="xdx_906_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20220519__20220519_zGnX8IT1jH7l"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-05-19to2022-05-19" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">o</ix:nonNumeric></span></span><br />
<br />
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<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant
has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant
to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. <span style="font-family: Wingdings">o</span></p>









<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b></b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b></b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>Item 5.03 Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or By-laws; Change
in Fiscal Year</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Certificate of Incorporation</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">At the Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Quest Diagnostics Incorporated
(the &#8220;Company&#8221;) held on May 18, 2022 (the &#8220;2022 Annual Meeting&#8221;), upon the recommendation of the Board of Directors
(the &#8220;Board&#8221;), the stockholders voted on and approved amendments to the Company&#8217;s Restated Certificate of Incorporation
(the &#8220;Amendment&#8221;) to: (1) allow stockholders to take certain actions by written consent in lieu of a meeting of stockholders
with not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to take such action if the matter was presented at a meeting of
stockholders at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted, subject to certain procedural and other requirements
and limitations; and (2) lower the share ownership threshold for stockholders to request that the Company call a special meeting to 15%
from 20%, subject to certain procedural, information and other requirements and limitations, to provide for a record date to determine
stockholders entitled to request a special meeting and to make related amendments. Previously, the Company&#8217;s Restated Certificate
of Incorporation permitted stockholder action by consent in lieu of a meeting of stockholders only if such consent was unanimous.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Amendment was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware
on May 19, 2022 and was effective as of such date. The foregoing summary is qualified in its entirety by the Certificate of Amendment
filed as Exhibit 3.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="text-decoration: underline">By-Laws</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">On May 19, 2022, the Board amended and restated the Company&#8217;s By-Laws
(the &#8220;By-Laws&#8221;), effective upon the effectiveness of the Amendment, to reflect and provide for certain procedural and disclosure
requirements in connection with the Amendment, as described above. The foregoing summary is qualified in its entirety by the By-Laws filed
as Exhibit 3.2 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 6pt">d. <span style="text-decoration: underline">Exhibit Description</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <td style="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%"><a href="ss1016027_ex0301.htm">3.1</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 6pt; width: 94%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%"><a href="ss1016027_ex0301.htm">Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, effective May 19, 2022</a></span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%"><a href="ss1016027_ex0302.htm">3.2</a></span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>Signature</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, hereunto duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

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  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td></tr>
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  <td colspan="2">QUEST DIAGNOSTICS
INCORPORATED</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
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  <td>&#160;</td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
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  <td>&#160;</td>
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J. O&#8217;Shaughnessy, Jr.</td></tr>
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  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td>
  <td>&#160;</td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

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<DESCRIPTION>CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT
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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 3.1&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: center"><B>CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: center"><B>TO</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: center"><B>RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: center"><B>OF</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: center"><B>QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in">Quest Diagnostics Incorporated, a corporation
organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware (the &ldquo;Corporation&rdquo;), hereby certifies that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Restated Certificate
of Incorporation of the Corporation is hereby amended by amending Paragraph 7 to read in its entirety as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9;Special Stockholder Meetings.
Except as otherwise required by law, special meetings of the stockholders shall be called only by (a) the Board of Directors or (b) the
Secretary, but only upon the written request of a stockholder or group of stockholders of record of the Corporation who own, as of the
Stockholder Meeting Request Record Date (as defined below), at least fifteen percent (15%) in the aggregate of the Common Stock issued,
outstanding and entitled to vote, who have owned that amount in a net long position continuously for at least one year, and who have complied
in full with all of the requirements set forth in this Paragraph 7 and the Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Corporation (as amended
and/or restated from time to time, the &ldquo;Bylaws&rdquo;) (such request, a &ldquo;Stockholder Meeting Request&rdquo;). The record date
for determining stockholders entitled to make a Stockholder Meeting Request shall be requested pursuant to a notice given in writing by
a stockholder of record by delivery to the Secretary at the Corporation&rsquo;s principal executive offices (which notice shall comply
in all respects with this Paragraph 7 and the Bylaws) and fixed by the Board of Directors as set forth in the Bylaws (the &ldquo;Stockholder
Meeting Request Record Date&rdquo;). Any disposition by a requesting party (as defined below) after the date of the Stockholder Meeting
Request or after a request to fix a Stockholder Meeting Request Record Date, as the case may be, of any shares of Common Stock (or, in
the case of a stockholder making a Stockholder Meeting Request or a request to fix a Stockholder Meeting Request Record Date on behalf
of the beneficial owner of shares, any disposition by such beneficial owner of beneficial ownership of such shares) shall be deemed a
revocation of the Stockholder Meeting Request and any request to fix a Stockholder Meeting Request Record Date, as the case may be, with
respect to such shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">For the purposes of this Paragraph 7,
&ldquo;net long position&rdquo; shall be determined with respect to each stockholder making a Stockholder Meeting Request and each beneficial
owner, if any, who is directing such stockholder to act on such owner&rsquo;s behalf (each stockholder and owner, a &ldquo;requesting
party&rdquo;) in accordance with the definition thereof set forth in Rule 14e-4 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
from time to time (the &ldquo;Exchange Act&rdquo;), provided that (x) for purposes of such definition, in determining such requesting
party&rsquo;s &ldquo;short position,&rdquo; the reference in Rule 14e-4 to &ldquo;the date that a tender offer is first publicly announced
or otherwise made known by the bidder to holders of the security to be acquired&rdquo; shall be deemed to be the Stockholder Meeting Request
Record Date, and the reference to the &ldquo;highest tender offer price or stated amount of the consideration offered for the subject
security&rdquo; shall be deemed to refer to the closing sales price of the Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange (or such other
securities exchange designated by the Board of Directors if the Common Stock is not listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange)
on such Stockholder Meeting Request Record Date (or, if such date is not a trading day, the next succeeding trading day) and </P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in">(y) the net
long position of such requesting party shall be reduced by the number of shares as to which the Board of Directors determines that such
requesting party does not, or will not, have the right to vote or direct the vote as of the Stockholder Meeting Request Record Date or
as of the record date for determining stockholders entitled to vote at the special meeting to be called pursuant to the Stockholder Meeting
Request, or as to which the Board of Directors determines that such requesting party has entered into any derivative or other agreement,
arrangement or understanding that hedges or transfers, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, any of the economic consequences of
ownership of such shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 22.5pt 12pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">Whenever this Paragraph 7 or Paragraph
8 of this Certificate of Incorporation or any provision of the Bylaws requires one or more persons (including a record or beneficial owner
of capital stock of the Corporation) to give or deliver any notice, request, consent (including any Consent (as defined below)), revocation,
or any other documents or materials (the &ldquo;Documents&rdquo;) to the Corporation or any of its officers, directors, employees or agents,
unless the Corporation consents or requests otherwise, such Documents shall be in writing and shall be delivered exclusively by hand (including,
without limitation, overnight courier service) or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, and not by electronic transmission
or any other means. The Corporation shall not be required to accept delivery of any Document given by a stockholder or beneficial owner
of capital stock of the Corporation pursuant to Paragraph 7 or Paragraph 8 or any provision of the Bylaws that is not (x) in written form
and (y) delivered in accordance with the immediately preceding sentence. For the avoidance of doubt, with respect to any Document given
by any such stockholder or beneficial owner to the Corporation pursuant to this Paragraph 7 or Paragraph 8 of this Certificate of Incorporation
or any provision of the Bylaws, the Corporation expressly opts out of Section 116 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware
to the fullest extent permitted by law.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in">2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Restated Certificate
of Incorporation of the Corporation is hereby amended by amending Paragraph 8 to read in its entirety as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Action by Written Consent. (a)
Any action that is required or permitted to be taken by stockholders at any annual or special meeting of stockholders may be taken without
a meeting and without a vote if a Consent or Consents setting forth the action so taken shall be signed by the holders of outstanding
stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which
all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted and shall be delivered to the Corporation in the manner required by Section
228 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware and this Certificate of Incorporation (each such consent, a &ldquo;Consent&rdquo;);
provided, however, that no such action of stockholders in lieu of a meeting may be taken or authorized except in accordance with this
Certificate of Incorporation, the Bylaws, and applicable law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In
order for stockholders to authorize or take corporate action by consent in lieu of a meeting, a stockholder of record seeking to have
stockholders authorize or take such action (a &ldquo;Written Consent Requesting Stockholder&rdquo;) shall deliver to the Secretary of
the Corporation at its principal executive offices a written request containing the information required by this Paragraph 8 and the Bylaws
(such request, a &ldquo;Written Consent Request&rdquo;). Stockholders shall not be entitled to authorize or take corporate action in lieu
of a meeting unless the Corporation shall have first received Written Consent Requests from a stockholder or group of stockholders of
record of the Corporation who own, as of the close of business on the date the first Written Consent Request is delivered to the Corporation
(the &ldquo;Written Consent Request Record Date&rdquo;), at least fifteen percent (15%) in the aggregate of Common Stock issued, outstanding
and entitled to vote and who have owned that position in a net long position continuously for at least one year (the &ldquo;Requisite
Percent&rdquo;) in accordance with this Paragraph 8 and all other conditions and requirements under this Paragraph 8 and the Bylaws shall
have been fully satisfied or complied with. For purposes of this Paragraph 8, &ldquo;net long position&rdquo; shall be determined with
respect to each Written Consent Requesting Stockholder (and each beneficial owner, if any, who is directing such stockholder to act on
such owner&rsquo;s behalf in accordance with the definition thereof set forth in Rule 14e-4 under the Exchange Act; provided that (x)
for purposes of such definition, in determining such Written Consent Requesting Stockholder&rsquo;s (or beneficial owner&rsquo;s) &ldquo;short
position,&rdquo; the reference in Rule 14e-4 to &ldquo;the date that a tender offer is first publicly announced or otherwise made known
by the bidder to holders of the security to be acquired&rdquo; shall be deemed to be the Written Consent Request Record Date, and the
reference to the &ldquo;highest tender offer price or stated amount of the consideration offered for the subject security&rdquo; shall
be deemed to refer to the closing sales price of the Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange (or such other securities exchange designated
by the Board of Directors if the Common Stock is not listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange) on such Written Consent Request
Record Date (or, if such date is not a trading day, the next succeeding trading day) and (y) the net long position of such Written Consent
Requesting Stockholder (or such beneficial owner) shall be reduced by the number of shares as to which the Board of Directors determines
that such Written Consent Requesting Stockholder (or such beneficial owner) does not, or will not, have the right to vote or direct the
vote as of the Written Consent Request Record Date or the Written Consent Record Date (as defined below), or as to which the Board of
Directors determines that such Written Consent Requesting Stockholder (or such beneficial owner) has entered into any derivative or other
agreement, arrangement or understanding that hedges or transfers, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, any of the economic consequences
of ownership of such shares. Following the date on which the Corporation shall have received Written Consent Request(s) representing the
Requisite Percent in accordance herewith (the &ldquo;Written Consent Request Effective Time&rdquo;), the Board of Directors shall, by
the later of (i) twenty (20) days after the Written Consent Request Effective Time and </P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in">(ii) five (5) days after delivery to the Corporation
by any Written Consent Requesting Stockholder of any information requested by the Corporation to determine the validity of such Written
Consent Request(s) (the later of the dates in the immediately preceding clauses (i) and (ii), the &ldquo;Determination Outside Date&rdquo;),
determine the validity of such Written Consent Request(s) (including whether such Written Consent Requests were delivered in accordance
with this Certificate of Incorporation and whether the proposed action is a proper matter for stockholder action under this Certificate
of Incorporation) and, if appropriate, adopt a resolution fixing the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to the
action(s) set forth in such Written Consent Request(s) (the &ldquo;Written Consent Record Date&rdquo;) (unless the Board of Directors
shall have previously fixed such a Written Consent Record Date). The Written Consent Record Date shall be no more than ten (10) days after
the date upon which the resolution fixing such record date is adopted by the Board of Directors and shall not precede the date upon which
such resolution is adopted. If the Board of Directors determines that Written Consent Requests from Written Consent Requesting Stockholders
representing the Requisite Percent have been validly delivered in accordance with this Certificate of Incorporation and relate to an action
that may be effected by consent in lieu of a meeting pursuant to this Certificate of Incorporation, or if no such determination shall
have been made by the Determination Outside Date, and in either event no Written Consent Record Date has been fixed by the Board of Directors,
the Written Consent Record Date shall be the first date following the Determination Outside Date on which a signed Consent relating to
the action taken or proposed to be taken by consent of stockholders in lieu of a meeting pursuant to the Written Consent Request is delivered
to the Corporation in accordance with paragraph (g) of this Paragraph 8 and applicable law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each
Written Consent Requesting Stockholder shall include with his, her or its Written Consent Request written evidence reasonably satisfactory
to the Corporation of his, her or its ownership of shares of Common Stock as of the Written Consent Request Record Date and continuous
net long position as required by paragraph (b) of this Paragraph 8 (provided, however, that if any Written Consent Requesting Stockholder
is not the beneficial owner of the shares as to which any Written Consent Request is made, then such Written Consent Request must also
include documentary evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Corporation as to such ownership by the beneficial owner on whose behalf such
request is made). Each Written Consent Requesting Stockholder (or the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf a Written Consent Request
is made) must include with his, her or its Written Consent Request an agreement by such Written Consent Requesting Stockholder (or the
beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf a Written Consent Request is made) to solicit Consents in accordance with paragraph (e) of this
Paragraph 8; provided that an agreement by one such Written Consent Requesting Stockholder (or beneficial owner) shall be deemed to constitute
such agreement on the part of all such Written Consent Requesting Stockholders. Each Written Consent Request must describe the action
proposed to be taken by consent of stockholders in lieu of a meeting and contain all such information and representations, to the extent
applicable, with respect to each Written Consent Requesting Stockholder (and each beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf a Written
Consent Request is made) and the proposed action of stockholders by consent in lieu of a meeting as would be required by the Bylaws to
present any item of business (other than the election of directors) before a meeting of stockholders, as applicable, including, without
limitation, a detailed summary of the proposed action to be taken </P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in">(including the text of any resolutions to be adopted by written consent
of stockholders and, if any resolution proposes to amend the Bylaws, the exact language of any such proposed amendment). The Corporation
may require each Written Consent Requesting Stockholder to furnish such other information as may be requested by the Corporation to determine
the validity of any Written Consent Request and whether any proposed action set forth in the Written Consent Request may be effected by
consent of stockholders in lieu of a meeting under paragraph (d) of this Paragraph 8. In connection with an action or actions proposed
to be taken by consent of stockholders in lieu of a meeting in accordance with this Paragraph 8 and applicable law, each Written Consent
Requesting Stockholder shall further update and supplement the information previously provided to the Corporation in connection therewith
so that it is true and correct (i) as of the Written Consent Record Date and (ii) as of each tenth day thereafter until the earlier of
the date each action is duly adopted and the Consent Termination Date (as defined below), with such updated or supplemental information
being delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation at its principal executive office in the manner required in this Paragraph 8 within
five (5) business days after the date as of which the information is required to be updated or supplemented.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">Any Written Consent Requesting Stockholder
may revoke his, her or its Written Consent Request at any time by written revocation delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation at
the Corporation&rsquo;s principal executive offices. Any disposition by a Written Consent Requesting Stockholder of any shares of capital
stock of the Corporation entitled to consent to the action to which a Written Consent Request relates (or, in the case of a Written Consent
Requesting Stockholder that has submitted a Written Consent Request on behalf of the beneficial owner of shares, a disposition by such
beneficial owner of beneficial ownership of such shares) after the date of the Written Consent Request shall be deemed a revocation of
his, her or its Written Consent Request with respect to such shares. If, at any time after the Written Consent Request Effective Time
and before the Written Consent Certification Date (as defined below), the Written Consent Request(s) represent in the aggregate less than
the Requisite Percent due to any revocation of a Written Consent Request or any deemed revocation of shares of Common Stock with respect
to any such request, no Written Consent Record Date shall be fixed (and any Written Consent Record Date theretofore fixed shall be cancelled),
and no action by consent of stockholders in lieu of a meeting as provided in such Written Consent Request(s) shall be taken pursuant thereto.
In determining whether Written Consent Request(s) have been delivered by Written Consent Requesting Stockholders representing in the aggregate
the Requisite Percent in accordance with this Paragraph 8, multiple Written Consent Requests delivered to the Secretary will be considered
together only if each such Written Consent Request (x) identifies substantially the same purpose or purposes of the action proposed to
be taken by consent of stockholders and substantially the same matters proposed to be taken by written consent of stockholders, as determined
by the Board of Directors (which, if such purpose is the removal of one or more directors, will mean that each Written Consent Request
includes an identical list of directors proposed to be removed by the action by consent of stockholders in lieu of a meeting that is the
subject of the request), and (y) has been dated and delivered to the Secretary as provided herein on the Written Consent Request Record
Date or within thirty (30) days thereafter.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stockholders
shall not be entitled to act by consent in lieu of a meeting if (i) the action relates to an item of business that is not a proper subject
for stockholder action under applicable law, (ii) the Written Consent Request Effective Time occurs during the period commencing one hundred
twenty (120) days prior to the first anniversary of the annual meeting of stockholders for the immediately preceding annual meeting and
ending on the thirtieth (30th) calendar day after the first anniversary of the date of the immediately preceding annual meeting, (iii)
an identical or substantially similar item (as determined by the Board of Directors, a &ldquo;Similar Item&rdquo;) was presented at any
meeting of stockholders of the Corporation held not more than twelve (12) months before the Written Consent Request Record Date in respect
of any Written Consent Request (provided that, for purposes of this clause (iii), an election of directors at any such meeting shall not
be deemed to be a Similar Item with respect to any proposal to remove one or more directors), (iv) the action relates to a removal of
directors occurring at any time within ninety (90) days after any meeting of stockholders for the election of directors, (v) a Similar
Item is included in the Corporation&rsquo;s notice as an item of business to be brought before a meeting of stockholders that has been
called by the Written Consent Request Record Date in respect of a Written Consent Request but has not yet been held or that is called
for a date within ninety (90) days after the Written Consent Request Effective Time, (vi) the Board of Directors calls an annual or special
meeting of stockholders for purposes of presenting a Similar Item or solicits action by written consent of stockholders of a Similar Item
pursuant to paragraph (i) of this Paragraph 8 or (vii) the Written Consent Request(s) otherwise giving rise to a Written Consent Request
Effective Time were made in a manner that either did not comply with this Certificate of Incorporation, the Bylaws or involved a violation
of Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act or other applicable law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stockholders
of the Corporation may take action by consent in lieu of a meeting only if consents are solicited by (i) the Board of Directors or (ii)
the Written Consent Requesting Stockholder or group (or the beneficial owner(s), if any, on whose behalf any such Written Consent Requesting
Stockholder is acting) seeking to take action by written consent of stockholders in accordance with this Paragraph 8, Regulation 14A of
the Exchange Act (without reliance upon any exemption in Regulation 14A, including the exemption contained in clause (iv) of Rule 14a-1(l)(2)
or Rule 14a-2(b) thereunder) (or any subsequent provisions replacing such act or regulations) and any other applicable law, from all holders
of shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to give consent the proposed action.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No
Consent shall be effective to take the corporate action referred to therein unless such Consent is dated and delivered to the Corporation
in accordance with this Paragraph 8 and applicable law and, within sixty (60) days after the first date on which a Consent is validly
delivered in the manner required by paragraph (g) of this Paragraph 8 and applicable law (and in any event not later than one hundred
and twenty (120) days after the Written Consent Record Date), Consents signed by a sufficient number of stockholders to take such action
are so delivered to the Corporation. A Consent shall not be valid if it purports to provide (or if the person signing such Consent provides,
through instructions to an agent or otherwise) that it will be effective at a future time or at a time determined upon the happening of
an event.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">(g) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No
Consents may be delivered to the Corporation until (i) sixty (60) days after the Written Consent Request Effective Time, or (ii) such
later date as may be determined in good faith by the Board of Directors, which determination shall be conclusive and binding, in the event
it concludes, consistent with its fiduciary duties, that additional time is required for stockholders to make an informed decision in
connection with such Consent. Consents must be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation. In the
event of the receipt by the Corporation of one or more Consents, the Secretary of the Corporation, or such other officer of the Corporation
as the Board of Directors may designate, shall provide for the safe-keeping of such Consents and any related revocations and shall promptly
conduct such ministerial review of the sufficiency of all Consents and any related revocations and of the validity of the action to be
taken by consent of stockholders in lieu of a meeting as the Secretary of the Corporation or such other officer deems necessary or appropriate
to determine whether the stockholders of a number of shares of capital stock having the requisite voting power to authorize or take the
action specified in Consents have given consent. The Board of Directors may appoint an independent person to serve as inspector (&ldquo;Inspector&rdquo;)
to conduct the ministerial review referenced in the immediately preceding sentence, and such Inspector shall provide a report with respect
to such review to the Corporation promptly upon the completion thereof. Subject to paragraph (h) of this Paragraph 8, if, after completion
of the review required by this paragraph (g), the Secretary of the Corporation or such other officer as the Board of Directors shall have
designated shall determine that the action purported to have been taken is duly authorized by the Consents, the Secretary or such other
officer shall certify that fact on the records of the Corporation kept for the purpose of recording the proceedings of meetings of stockholders
and the Consents shall be filed in such records. No action by consent of stockholders in lieu of a meeting shall be effective until such
date as the Secretary or such other officer certifies to the Corporation that the Consents delivered to the Corporation in accordance
with this paragraph (g) represent at least the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to take the corporate action at a meeting
at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted, in accordance with the General Corporation Law, the Certificate of
Incorporation and the Bylaws (the &ldquo;Written Consent Certification Date&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">(h)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
the Board of Directors shall determine, which determination shall be conclusive and binding, that any Written Consent Request or any proposed
action by consent of stockholders in lieu of a meeting was not properly made or effected in accordance with this Certificate of Incorporation,
the Bylaws or applicable law, including, without limitation, due to the fact that one or more Written Consent Requests or Consents were
not delivered in compliance with the provisions of this Certificate of Incorporation, the Bylaws or applicable law regulating action by
consent of stockholders in lieu of a meeting, then the Board of Directors shall not be required to fix a Written Consent Record Date and
any such purported action by consent of stockholders in lieu of a meeting shall be null and void to the fullest extent permitted by applicable
law. Nothing contained in this Paragraph 8 shall in any way be construed to suggest or imply that the Board of Directors of the Corporation
or any stockholder shall not be entitled to contest the validity of any Consent or related revocations, whether before or after such certification
by the Secretary of the Corporation, such other officer of the Corporation as the Board of Directors may designate or the Inspectors,
as the case may be, or to take any other action (including, without limitation, the commencement or prosecution of any action, suit or
proceeding, or the defense of any litigation, with respect thereto, and the seeking of a declaratory judgment, injunctive relief or other
remedy at law or in equity).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">(i) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary set forth above, (x) none of the foregoing provisions of this Paragraph 8 or any related provisions of the Bylaws
shall apply to any solicitation of stockholder action by written consent by or at the direction of the Board of Directors and (y) the
Board of Directors shall be entitled to solicit action by consent of stockholders in lieu of a meeting in accordance with applicable law.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in">3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The foregoing
amendments were duly adopted in accordance with the provisions of Section 242 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Quest Diagnostics Incorporated
has caused this Certificate of Amendment to be executed by its duly authorized officer on this 19<SUP>th</SUP>&nbsp;day of May, 2022.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt">QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt">By:&nbsp;<U>/s/ William J. O'Shaughnessy, Jr.</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt">William J. O&rsquo;Shaughnessy, Jr.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt">Corporate Secretary</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt">&nbsp;</P>


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<FILENAME>ss1016027_ex0302.htm
<DESCRIPTION>BYLAWS
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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 24pt; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 3.2</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 24pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 24pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 24pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 24pt; text-align: center">QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 24pt; text-align: center">AMENDED AND RESTATED BY-LAWS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0.5in; text-align: center">As amended through May 19, 2022</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: center">QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: center">a Delaware corporation</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: center">AMENDED AND RESTATED BY-LAWS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">TABLE
OF CONTENTS</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal"><U>Page</U></FONT></P>



<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 0.5in">ARTICLE I STOCKHOLDERS</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt">4</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 1.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Annual Meetings</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">4</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 1.02.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Special Meetings</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">4</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 1.03.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notice of Meetings</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">6</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 1.04.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Quorum; Required Stockholder Vote</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">7</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 1.05.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notice of Stockholder Business and Nominations</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">7</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 1.06.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">10</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 1.07.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proxy Access</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt">11</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 0.5in">ARTICLE II BOARD OF DIRECTORS</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt">18</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 2.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General Powers</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">18</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 2.02.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Number and Term of Office</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">19</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 2.03.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Election of Directors</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">19</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 2.04.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Annual and Regular Meetings</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">19</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 2.05.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Special Meetings; Notice</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">20</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 2.06.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Telephonic Meetings</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">20</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 2.07.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Quorum and Vote</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">20</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 2.08.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Action Without a Meeting</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">20</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 2.09.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Manner of Acting</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">20</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 2.10.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Resignations</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">20</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 2.11.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Reliance on Accounts and Reports, etc.</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">20</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 2.12.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Committees</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt">21</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 0.5in">ARTICLE III OFFICERS</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt">21</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 3.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Board Election</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">21</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 3.02.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Additional Officers</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">21</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 3.03.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Term of Office</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">21</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 3.04.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Removal and Vacancies</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">21</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 3.05.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chairman of the Board of Directors</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">21</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 3.06.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chief Executive Officer</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">21</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 3.07.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;President</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">21</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 3.08.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Vice Presidents</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">22</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 3.09.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Secretary</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">22</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 3.10.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Treasurer</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">22</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 3.11.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Controller</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt">22</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 0.5in">ARTICLE IV EXECUTION OF INSTRUMENTS; DEPOSITS; FINANCES</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt">22</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 4.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">22</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 4.02.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Corporate Indebtedness</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">22</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 4.03.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Checks, Drafts, etc.</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">23</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 4.04.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deposits</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">23</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 4.05.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Dividends</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">23</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 4.06.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fiscal Year</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt">23</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 0.5in"></TD></TR></TABLE>

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<TR STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 0.5in; width: 90%">ARTICLE V CAPITAL STOCK</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt; width: 10%">23</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 5.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock Certificates and Transfers</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">23</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 5.02.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt">24</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 0.5in">ARTICLE VI SEAL; OFFICES; FORUM</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt">24</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 6.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Seal</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">24</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 6.02.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Offices</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0pt">24</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 6.03.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Forum</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt">24</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 0.5in">ARTICLE VII INDEMNIFICATION</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt">24</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 7.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Indemnification</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt">24</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 0.5in">ARTICLE VIII AMENDMENTS</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt">26</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 1in">Section 8.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amendments</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 12pt">26</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: center">AMENDED AND RESTATED BY-LAWS<BR>
OF<BR>
QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: none"><U>ARTICLE
I</U></FONT><U><BR>
STOCKHOLDERS</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
1.01.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Annual Meetings</U>.
The annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation for the election of directors and for the transaction of such other business
as properly may come before such meeting shall be held at such place either within or outside the State of Delaware, at such time and
date as shall be fixed from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors and as set forth in the notice of the meeting. The Corporation
may postpone, reschedule or cancel any annual meeting of stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
1.02.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Special Meetings</U>.
Except as otherwise required by law, special meetings of the stockholders shall be called only by (a) the Board of Directors or (b) the
Secretary, but only upon the written request of a stockholder or group of stockholders of record of the Corporation owning, as of the
Stockholder Meeting Request Record Date (as defined below), at least fifteen percent (15%) in the aggregate of the Common Stock issued,
outstanding and entitled to vote, and who have held that amount in a net long position continuously for at least one year (the &ldquo;<U>Requisite
Percentage</U>&rdquo;) who have complied in full with the requirements set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation and these By-Laws
(such request, a &ldquo;<U>Stockholder Meeting Request</U>&rdquo;), and subject to the limitations set forth below in Section 1.02(d).
Such special meetings shall be held at such place, if any, and at such time and date as shall be fixed from time to time by resolution
of the Board of Directors or the Secretary, as applicable, and as set forth in the notice of meeting. The Corporation may postpone, reschedule
or cancel any special meeting of stockholders. For purposes of this Section 1.02, &ldquo;net long position&rdquo; shall be determined
in the manner set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Special Meeting Record Date</U>. No stockholder or group of stockholders may submit a Stockholder Meeting Request unless a stockholder
of record has first submitted a request in writing that the Board of Directors fix a record date (such date, a &ldquo;<U>Stockholder Meeting
Request Record Date</U>&rdquo;) for the purpose of determining stockholders entitled to submit a Stockholder Meeting Request, which shall
be in proper form and delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation. To be in proper form, such request
shall (i) bear the signature and the date of signature by the stockholder of record submitting such request and (ii) include all information
required to be set forth in a notice as set forth in Section 1.02(b), replacing &ldquo;Stockholder Meeting Request&rdquo; with &ldquo;request
for a Stockholder Meeting Request Record Date&rdquo; and without regard to clause (y) of Section 1.02(b). Within ten (10) days after the
Corporation receives a request to fix a Stockholder Meeting Request Record Date in compliance with this Section 1.02, the Board of Directors
shall adopt a resolution fixing a Stockholder Meeting Request Record Date for the purpose of determining the stockholders entitled to
submit a Stockholder Meeting Request, which date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the Stockholder Meeting Request
Record Date is adopted by the Board of Directors. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 1.02, no Stockholder Meeting
Request Record Date shall be fixed if the Board of Directors determines that any Stockholder Meeting Request that would be submitted following
such Stockholder Meeting Request Record Date could not comply with the requirements set forth in this Section 1.02.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Stockholder Meeting Request</U>. To be timely, a Stockholder Meeting Request must be delivered to the Secretary at the principal
executive offices of the Corporation not later than thirty (30) days after the Stockholder Meeting Request Record Date. To be in proper
form, a Stockholder Meeting Request must be in writing, must be signed and dated by the record holders (or their duly authorized agents)
meeting the Holding Requirements (as defined below), must state the purpose or purposes of the proposed meeting and must include all information
that would be required to be included in a notice satisfying the requirements of Section 1.05(a)(2)(C) and Section 1.05(a)(2)(B). In addition
to the foregoing, a Stockholder Meeting Request must include (x) an acknowledgment of the stockholder(s) submitting the Stockholder Meeting
Request that any disposition by such stockholder(s) after the date of the Stockholder Meeting Request of any shares of the Corporation&rsquo;s
Common Stock shall be deemed a revocation of the Stockholder Meeting Request with respect to such shares and that such shares will no
longer be included in determining whether the Holding Requirement has been satisfied, (y) documentary evidence that the requesting stockholder(s)
ownership of the Corporation&rsquo;s Common Stock complies with the amount, type and length of ownership requirements set forth in the
Certificate of Incorporation (the &ldquo;<U>Holding Requirement</U>&rdquo;) as of the Stockholder Meeting Request Record Date, and (z)
a commitment by such stockholder(s) to continue to satisfy the Holding Requirement through the date of the requested special meeting of
the stockholders and to notify the Corporation upon any disposition of any shares of the Corporation&rsquo;s Common Stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In determining whether
a special meeting of the stockholders has been requested by stockholders satisfying, in the aggregate, the Holding Requirement, multiple
Stockholder Meeting Requests delivered to the Secretary will be considered together only if each such Stockholder Meeting Request (x)
identifies substantially the same purpose or purposes of the special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation and substantially the
same matters proposed to be acted on at the special meeting, as determined by the Board of Directors, and (y) has been dated and delivered
to the Secretary within thirty (30) days of the earliest dated Stockholder Meeting Request relating to such purpose or purposes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The requesting stockholder(s)
shall certify in writing to the Secretary on the day prior to the requested special meeting of the stockholders as to whether such stockholder(s)
continue to satisfy the Holding Requirement. If, at any time after the delivery of a valid Stockholder Meeting Request, the requesting
stockholder(s) no longer satisfy the Holding Requirement, the Board of Directors, in its discretion, may cancel the requested special
meeting of the stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Revocation of Request for Stockholder Meeting Request Record Date or Stockholder Meeting Request</U>. Any requesting stockholder
may revoke his, her or its request for a Stockholder Meeting Request Record Date or Stockholder Meeting Request at any time by written
revocation delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation. Following such revocation, the Board of Directors,
in its discretion, may cancel the special meeting unless any remaining requesting stockholders continue to satisfy the Holding Requirement
applicable to the Stockholder Meeting Request.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Limitations</U>. The Secretary shall not set a Stockholder Meeting Request Record Date or call a special meeting of stockholders
of the Corporation in response to a Stockholder Meeting Request if (1) the request for a Stockholder Meeting Request Record Date or Stockholder
Meeting Request relates to an item of business that is not a proper subject for stockholder action under applicable law; (2)&nbsp;the
Stockholder Meeting Request includes an item of business that did not appear in the request for a Stockholder Meeting Request Record Date;
(3)&nbsp;the request for a Stockholder Meeting Request Record Date or Stockholder Meeting Request is received during the period commencing
one hundred twenty (120) days prior to the first anniversary of the annual meeting of stockholders for the immediately preceding annual
meeting and ending on the thirtieth (30th) calendar day after the first anniversary of the date of the immediately preceding annual meeting;
(4)&nbsp;an identical or substantially similar item (as determined by the Board of Directors, a &ldquo;<U>Similar Item</U>&rdquo;) was
presented at any meeting of stockholders of the Corporation held not more than twelve (12) months before the request for a Stockholder
Meeting Request Record Date or Stockholder Meeting Request was received (provided that for purposes of this clause (4), an election of
directors at any such meeting shall not be deemed to be a Similar Item with respect to a removal of directors); (5)&nbsp;the action relates
to a removal of directors occurring at any time within ninety (90) days after any meeting of stockholders for the election of directors;
(6)&nbsp;a Similar Item is included in the Corporation&rsquo;s notice of meeting as an item of business to be brought before a meeting
of stockholders of the Corporation that has been called prior to receipt of the request for a Stockholder Meeting Request Record Date
or Stockholder Meeting Request but has not yet been held or that is called for a date within ninety (90) days after the request for a
Stockholder Meeting Request Record Date or Stockholder Meeting Request is received; (7)&nbsp;the Board of Directors calls an annual or
special meeting of stockholders for purposes of presenting a Similar Item; or (8)&nbsp;the request for a Stockholder Meeting Request Record
Date or Stockholder Meeting Request was made in a manner that does not comply with the requirements of these By-Laws, including, without
limitation, this Section 1.02, and the Certificate of Incorporation or that involved a violation of Regulation 14A under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &ldquo;<U>Exchange Act</U>&rdquo;) or other applicable law. The Board of Directors shall determine
in good faith whether the requirements set forth in this Section 1.02(d<FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt">)</FONT> have been satisfied. Only
such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto)
given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors. Nothing contained herein shall prohibit the Board of Directors from submitting
additional matters to the stockholders at any special meeting of stockholders requested by stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
1.03.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Notice of Meetings</U>.
The Secretary or Assistant Secretary shall cause written notice of the date, time and place, if any, of each meeting of the stockholders
to be given, at least ten (10) but not more than sixty (60) days prior to the date of the meeting, to each stockholder of record entitled
to vote at such meeting as of the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting. Such notice shall be given
either personally, by mail or other means of written communication, or by electronic transmission in accordance with Section 232 of the
General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be given when deposited in the United States
mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder of record at such stockholder&rsquo;s address as it appears on the records of the Corporation.
Such further notice shall be given as may be required by law. Notice shall be deemed to have been given to all stockholders of record
who share an address if notice is given in accordance with the &ldquo;householding&rdquo; rules under the Exchange Act and Section 233
of the General Corporation law of the State of Delaware. Notice of any meeting of stockholders of the Corporation need not be given to
any stockholder who shall sign a waiver of such notice in writing or who shall waive such notice by electronic transmission, whether before
or after the time of such meeting. Notice of any adjourned meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation need not be given unless the
adjournment is for more than thirty days or is otherwise required by law.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
1.04.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Quorum; Required
Stockholder Vote</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Except as at the time otherwise required by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation, the presence at any stockholders meeting,
in person or by proxy, of the holders of record of shares of stock (of any class) entitled to vote at the meeting, aggregating a majority
of the total number of shares of stock of all classes then issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at the meeting, shall be necessary
and sufficient to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>In all matters other than the election of directors and the matters addressed in paragraph (c) of this Section 1.04, unless otherwise
provided by the Certificate of Incorporation, the rules or regulations of any stock exchange applicable to the Corporation, or applicable
law or pursuant to any regulation applicable to the Corporation or its securities, the affirmative vote of the majority of shares present
in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the subject matter shall be the act of the stockholders. The
required vote in the election of directors is set forth in Section 2.03 of these By-Laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in these By-Laws, the non-binding advisory votes pursuant to Sections 14A(a)(1)
and 14A(a)(2) of the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, shall require the affirmative vote of a majority
of the votes cast thereon; provided that for purposes of any such vote, neither abstentions nor broker non-votes shall count as votes
cast.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
1.05.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Notice of Stockholder
Business and Nominations</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Annual Meetings of Stockholders</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(1)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the Corporation and the proposal of other business to be considered
by the stockholders may be made at an annual meeting of stockholders only (i) pursuant to the Corporation&rsquo;s notice of meeting (or
any supplement thereto), (ii) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, (iii) by any stockholder of the
Corporation who was a stockholder of record of the Corporation at the time the notice provided for in this Section 1.05 is delivered to
the Secretary of the Corporation and at the time of the annual meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who complies with the
notice procedures set forth in this Section 1.05 or (iv) with respect to nominations, by an Eligible Stockholder (as defined in Section
1.07) who has complied with the requirements and procedures set forth in Section 1.07 and whose nominees are included in the Corporation&rsquo;s
proxy materials with respect to such meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(2)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>For any nominations or other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to clause (iii)
of paragraph (a)(1) of this Section 1.05, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary and any such
proposed business (other than the nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors) must constitute a proper matter for stockholder
action. To be timely, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation
not later than the close of business on the ninetieth (90th) day, nor earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth
(120th) day, prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year&rsquo;s annual meeting (provided, however, that in the event that the
date of the annual meeting is more than thirty (30) days before or more than seventy (70) days after such anniversary date, notice by
the stockholder must be so delivered not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to such annual
meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such annual meeting or the tenth (10th)
day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made by the Corporation). In no event shall the
public announcement of an adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for
the giving of a stockholder&rsquo;s notice as described above. Such stockholder&rsquo;s notice shall set forth: (A) as to each person
whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election as a director (i) all information relating to such person that is required to be
disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors in an election contest, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant
to and in accordance with Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and (ii) such person&rsquo;s
written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected; (B) as to any other business
that the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting, a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting,
the text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and in the event that such business
includes a proposal to amend these By-Laws of the Corporation, the language of the proposed amendment), the reasons for conducting such
business at the meeting and any material interest in such business of such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf
the proposal is made; and (C) as to the stockholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination
or proposal is made (i) the name and address of such stockholder, as they appear on the Corporation&rsquo;s books, and of such beneficial
owner, (ii) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are owned beneficially and of record by
such stockholder and such beneficial owner, (iii) a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding with respect to the nomination
or proposal between or among such stockholder and/or such beneficial owner, any of their respective affiliates or associates, and any
others acting in concert with any of the foregoing, including in the case of a nomination, the nominee, (iv) a description of any agreement,
arrangement or understanding (including any derivative or short positions, profit interests, options, warrants, convertible securities,
stock appreciation or similar rights, hedging transactions, and borrowed or loaned shares) that has been entered into as of the date of
the stockholder&rsquo;s notice by, or on behalf of, such stockholder and such beneficial owners, whether or not such instrument or right
shall be subject to settlement in an underlying class or series of stock of the Corporation, the effect or intent of which is to mitigate
loss to, manage risk or benefit of share price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting power of, such stockholder or such beneficial
owner, with respect to shares of stock of the Corporation, or relates to the acquisition or disposition of any shares of stock of the
Corporation, (v) a representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting
and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to propose such business or nomination, </P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">(vi) a representation whether the stockholder
or the beneficial owner, if any, intends or is part of a group which intends (a) to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to
holders of at least the percentage of the Corporation&rsquo;s outstanding capital stock required to approve or adopt the proposal or elect
the nominee and/or (b) otherwise to solicit proxies or votes from stockholders in support of such proposal or nomination and (vii) any
other information relating to such stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings
required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for, as applicable, the proposal and/or for the election of directors
in an election contest pursuant to and in accordance with Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated
thereunder. The foregoing notice requirements of this Section 1.05 shall be deemed satisfied by a stockholder with respect to business
other than a nomination if the stockholder has notified the Corporation of his, her or its intention to present a proposal at an annual
meeting in compliance with applicable rules and regulations promulgated under the Exchange Act and such stockholder&rsquo;s proposal has
been included in a proxy statement that has been prepared by the Corporation to solicit proxies for such annual meeting. The Corporation
may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as the Corporation may reasonably require.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(3)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Notwithstanding anything in the second sentence of paragraph (a)(2) of this Section 1.05 to the contrary, in the event that the
number of directors to be elected to the Board of Directors of the Corporation at an annual meeting is to be increased effective after
the time period for which nominations would otherwise be due under paragraph (a)(2) of this Section 1.05 and there is no public announcement
by the Corporation naming the nominees for the additional directorships at least one hundred (100) days prior to the first anniversary
of the preceding year&rsquo;s annual meeting, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice required by this Section 1.05 shall also be considered timely,
but only with respect to nominees for the additional directorships, if it shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive
offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such public announcement
is first made by the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Special Meetings of Stockholders</U>. Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation
as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Corporation&rsquo;s notice of meeting. If the Secretary calls a special
meeting of stockholders of the Corporation pursuant to clause (b) of the first paragraph of Section 1.02, the notice thereof will include
(1) the purpose or purposes included in the Stockholder Meeting Request, but only if such purpose or purposes are made in accordance and
in compliance with Section 1.02(d) and (2)&nbsp;any additional purpose or purposes the Board of Directors decides to submit for the consideration
of stockholders at such special meeting. Except as otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation, nominations of persons for
election to the Board of Directors may be made at a special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation at which directors are to be elected
pursuant to the Corporation&rsquo;s notice of meeting only by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof<I>.</I>
In the event the Corporation calls a special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation for the purpose of electing one or more directors
to the Board of Directors, any such stockholder may nominate a person or persons (as the case may be) for election to such position(s)
as specified in the Corporation&rsquo;s notice of meeting, if the stockholder&rsquo;s notice required by clauses (A) and (C) of Section
1.05(a)(2) shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not earlier than the close of business
on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the ninetieth
(90th) day prior to such special meeting or the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement is first made of the date
of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the Board of Directors to be elected at such meeting. In no event shall the public
announcement of an adjournment or postponement of a special meeting commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving
of a stockholder&rsquo;s notice as described above.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Action by Written Consent</U>. Subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, these By-laws and applicable law,
any action required or permitted to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders may be taken without a meeting, without
a vote, if a consent or consents, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less
than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to
vote thereon were present and voted and shall be delivered to the Corporation in the manner required by the Certificate of Incorporation
and applicable law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
1.06.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>General</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Only such persons who are nominated in accordance with the relevant procedures set forth in Sections 1.05 and 1.07 shall be eligible
to be elected to serve as directors of the Corporation and only such business shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders of the Corporation
as shall have been brought before the meeting in accordance with the relevant procedures set forth in Sections 1.02 and 1.05. Except as
otherwise provided by law, the chairman of the meeting (or the Board of Directors in the case of action by written consent) shall have
the power and duty (A) to determine whether the relevant procedures set forth in Sections 1.02, 1.05 and the Certificate of Incorporation
have been complied with and (B) if the relevant procedures set forth in Sections 1.02, 1.05 and the Certificate of Incorporation have
not been complied with, to declare that the applicable nomination shall be disregarded or that the applicable proposed business shall
not be transacted. Notwithstanding the provisions of Sections 1.02 and 1.05, unless otherwise required by law, if the stockholder (or
a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to
present a nomination or proposed business or the stockholder otherwise has not complied with the relevant provisions set forth in Sections
1.02 and 1.05, such nomination shall be disregarded and such proposed business shall not be transacted, notwithstanding that proxies in
respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation. For purposes of Sections 1.02 and 1.05, to be considered a qualified representative
of the stockholder, a person must be a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such stockholder or must be authorized by a writing
executed by such stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder as proxy at the meeting
of stockholders of the Corporation and such person must produce such writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of
the writing or electronic transmission, at such meeting of stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>For purposes of Sections 1.05 and 1.07, &ldquo;public announcement&rdquo; shall include disclosure in a press release reported
by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or other national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with
the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Sections 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated
thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Notwithstanding the provisions of Sections 1.02 and 1.05, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the
Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in such Sections; provided however,
that any references in these By-Laws to the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder are not intended to and shall
not limit any requirements applicable to nominations or proposals as to any other business to be considered pursuant to Section 1.02 or
1.05, and compliance with Section 1.02, Section 1.05 or Section 1.07, as applicable, shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to
make nominations or submit other business (other than, as provided in the penultimate sentence of clause (a)(2) of Section 1.05, matters
brought properly under and in compliance with Rule 14a-8 of the Exchange Act, as it may be amended from time to time) at a meeting of
stockholders. Nothing in Section 1.02 or 1.05 shall be deemed to affect any rights (a) of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals
in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 of the Exchange Act or (b) of the holders of any series of Preferred
Stock to elect directors pursuant to any applicable provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>A stockholder giving notice of any nomination or business to be considered at a meeting of stockholders shall further update in
writing any required notice, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice shall be true and
correct as of the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to receive notice of the meeting. If any information required
to be submitted by a stockholder pursuant to Section 1.02, Section 1.05, this Section 1.06 or in connection with an action by written
consent is inaccurate in any respect, such information may be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with the requirements of
these By-laws or the Certificate of Incorporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
1.07.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Proxy Access</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Proxy Access</U>. Subject to the provisions of this Section 1.07, the Corporation shall include in its proxy statement, on its
form of proxy and on any ballot distributed at an annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, in addition to any persons nominated
for election (the &ldquo;<U>Stockholder Nominee</U>&rdquo;) by the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, the name, together with
the required information specified below, of any person nominated for election to the Board of Directors by a stockholder that satisfies,
or by a group of no more than 20 stockholders that satisfy, the requirements of this Section 1.07 (such stockholder or group, including
each member thereof to the extent the context requires, the &ldquo;<U>Eligible Stockholder</U>&rdquo;), and who expressly elects at the
time of providing the notice required by this Section 1.07 to have its nominee included in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy statement pursuant
to this Section 1.07. For purposes of this Section 1.07, the information that the Corporation will be required to include in its proxy
statement is: (i)&nbsp;the information concerning the Stockholder Nominee and the Eligible Stockholder that is required to be disclosed
in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy statement by the regulations promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and (ii)
if such Eligible Stockholder so elects, the Statement (as defined below). No person may be a member of more than one group of persons
constituting a group that satisfies the requirements of this Section 1.07. In the event that the Eligible Stockholder consists of a group
of stockholders, any and all requirements and obligations for an individual Eligible Stockholder that are set forth in this Section 1.07
shall apply to each member of the group; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that the Required Ownership Percentage shall apply to the ownership
of the group in the aggregate.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Timeliness of Notice</U>. For nominations pursuant to this Section 1.07 to be properly submitted by an Eligible Stockholder,
such Eligible Stockholder must give timely written notice of such nominations to the Secretary. To be timely, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice,
together with the other information required by this Section 1.07, shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices
of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day, nor earlier than the close of business
on the one hundred fiftieth (150th) day, prior to the first anniversary of the date the Corporation issued its proxy statement to stockholders
in connection with the preceding year&rsquo;s annual meeting (provided, however, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting
is more than thirty (30) days before or more than sixty (60) days later than the anniversary date of the prior year&rsquo;s annual meeting,
notice by the Eligible Stockholder must be so delivered not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred fiftieth (150th) day
prior to such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to such
annual meeting or the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made by the
Corporation). In no event shall an adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting of stockholders, commence a new time period (or extend
any time period) for the giving of a written notice of nomination under this Section 1.07(b).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Number of Stockholder Nominees</U>. The maximum number of Stockholder Nominees nominated by all Eligible Stockholders pursuant
to this Section 1.07 (including any individuals that were submitted by an Eligible Stockholder for inclusion in the Corporation&rsquo;s
proxy materials pursuant to this Section 1.07 that the Board of Directors nominates as Board of Directors nominees) that will be included
in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation together with any nominees
who were previously elected to the Board of Directors after being nominated pursuant to this Section 1.07 at any of the preceding two
annual meetings and who are re-nominated for election at such annual meeting by the Board of Directors, shall not exceed the greater of
(i) two or (ii) 20% of the total number of directors in office as of the last day on which notice of a nomination in accordance with the
procedures set forth in this Section 1.07 may be received by the Secretary pursuant to this Section 1.07, or if the number of directors
calculated in this clause (ii) is not a whole number, the closest whole number below 20%. In the event that one or more vacancies for
any reason occurs on the Board of Directors after the last day on which notice of a nomination in accordance with the procedures set forth
in this Section 1.07 may be received by the Secretary pursuant to this Section 1.07, but before the date of the annual meeting, and the
Board of Directors resolves to reduce the size of the Board of Directors in connection therewith, the maximum number of stockholder nominees
nominated pursuant to this Section 1.07 included in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials shall be calculated based on the number of
directors in office as so reduced. Any Eligible Stockholder submitting more than one Stockholder Nominee for inclusion in the Corporation&rsquo;s
proxy materials pursuant to this Section 1.07 shall rank its Stockholder Nominees based on the order that such Eligible Stockholder desires
such Stockholder Nominees to be selected for inclusion in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy statement in the event that the total number of
Stockholder Nominees submitted by Eligible Stockholders pursuant to this Section 1.07 exceeds the maximum number of Stockholder Nominees
provided for in this Section 1.07. </P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify">In the event that the number of Stockholder Nominees submitted by Eligible Stockholders pursuant to
this Section 1.07 exceeds the maximum number of Stockholder Nominees provided for in this Section 1.07, the highest ranking Stockholder
Nominee who meets the requirements of this Section 1.07 from each Eligible Stockholder will be selected for inclusion in the Corporation&rsquo;s
proxy materials until the maximum number is reached, going in order of the amount (largest to smallest) of shares of common stock of the
Corporation each Eligible Stockholder disclosed as owned in its respective notice of a nomination submitted to the Corporation in accordance
with the procedures set forth in this Section 1.07. If the maximum number is not reached after the highest ranking Stockholder Nominee
who meets the requirements of this Section 1.07 from each Eligible Stockholder has been selected, this process will continue as many times
as necessary, following the same order each time, until the maximum number is reached. Following such determination, if any Stockholder
Nominee who satisfies the eligibility requirements in this Section 1.07 (i) thereafter withdraws from the election (or his or her nomination
is withdrawn by the Eligible Stockholder) or (ii) is thereafter not included in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials or is not submitted
for director election for any reason (including the failure to comply with this Section 1.07) other than due to a failure by the Corporation
to include such Stockholder Nominee in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials in violation of this Section 1.07, no other nominee or
nominees (other than any Stockholder Nominee already determined to be included in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials who continues
to satisfy the eligibility requirements of this Section 1.07) shall be included in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials or otherwise
submitted for director election in substitution thereof pursuant to this Section 1.07.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Definition of Ownership</U>. For purposes of this Section 1.07, an Eligible Stockholder shall be deemed to &ldquo;own&rdquo;
only those outstanding shares of common stock of the Corporation as to which the stockholder possesses both (i) the full voting and investment
rights pertaining to the shares and (ii) the full economic interest in (including the opportunity for profit and risk of loss on) such
shares; <U>provided</U> that the number of shares calculated in accordance with clauses (i) and (ii) shall not include any shares (x)
sold by such stockholder or any of its affiliates in any transaction that has not been settled or closed, including any short sale, (y)
borrowed by such stockholder or any of its affiliates for any purposes or purchased by such stockholder or any of its affiliates pursuant
to an agreement to resell or (z) subject to any option, warrant, forward contract, swap, contract of sale, other derivative or similar
agreement entered into by such stockholder or any of its affiliates, whether any such instrument or agreement is to be settled with shares
or with cash based on the notional amount or value of shares of outstanding common stock of the Corporation, in any such case which instrument
or agreement has, or is intended to have, the purpose or effect of (1) reducing in any manner, to any extent or at any time in the future,
such stockholder&rsquo;s or affiliates&rsquo; full right to vote or direct the voting of any such shares, and/or (2) hedging, offsetting
or altering to any degree gain or loss arising from the full economic ownership of such shares by such stockholder or affiliate. A person&rsquo;s
ownership of shares shall continue notwithstanding (i) the loaning of such shares if, during the period such shares are loaned, the person
has the power to recall such loaned shares on five business days&rsquo; notice; or (ii) such person having delegated any voting power
by means of a proxy, power of attorney or other instrument or arrangement if, during the period such arrangement exists, the proxy, power
of attorney or other instrument or arrangement is revocable at any time by such person. The terms &ldquo;owned,&rdquo; &ldquo;owning&rdquo;
and other variations of the word &ldquo;own&rdquo; shall have correlative meanings. Whether outstanding shares of the common stock of
the Corporation are &ldquo;owned&rdquo; for these purposes shall be determined by the Board of Directors. For purposes of this Section
1.07, the term &ldquo;affiliate&rdquo; or &ldquo;affiliates&rdquo; shall have the meaning ascribed thereto under the General Rules and
Regulations under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Two or more funds that are (i) under common management and investment
control, (ii) under common management and funded primarily by a single employer or (iii) a &ldquo;group of investment companies,&rdquo;
as such term is defined in Section 12(d)(1)(G)(ii) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (such funds together under each of
(i), (ii) or (iii) comprising a &ldquo;<U>Qualifying Fund</U>&rdquo;) shall be treated as one stockholder for purposes of determining
the members of a group of stockholders comprising one Eligible Stockholder, provided that each fund comprising a Qualifying Fund otherwise
meets the requirements set forth in this Section 1.07. An Eligible Stockholder shall include in its written notice of nomination required
by this Section 1.07 the number of shares it is deemed to own for purposes of this Section 1.07.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Provisions to Determine Eligible Stockholders; Contents of Notice</U>. In order to make a nomination pursuant to this Section
1.07, an Eligible Stockholder must have owned 3% or more (the &ldquo;<U>Required Ownership Percentage</U>&rdquo;) of the Corporation&rsquo;s
outstanding common stock (the &ldquo;<U>Required Shares</U>&rdquo;) continuously for at least three years as of both the date the written
notice of the nomination is delivered to or mailed and received by the Corporation in accordance with this Section 1.07 and the record
date for determining stockholders entitled to vote at the annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation, and must continue to own
the Required Shares through the annual meeting date. Together with any notice of a nomination in accordance with the procedures set forth
in this Section 1.07 and within the time period specified in this Section 1.07 for submitting a written notice of nomination, an Eligible
Stockholder must also provide the following information in writing to the Secretary (in addition to the information, representations and
agreements required by Section 1.05 of these By-laws): (i) one or more written statements from the record holder of the shares (and from
each intermediary through which the shares are or have been held during the requisite three-year holding period) verifying that, as of
a date within 7 calendar days prior to the date the written notice of the nomination is delivered to or mailed and received by the Secretary,
the Eligible Stockholder owns, and has owned continuously for the preceding three years, the Required Shares, and the Eligible Stockholder&rsquo;s
agreement to provide, within 5 business days after the record date for the annual meeting of stockholders, written statements from the
record holder and intermediaries verifying such Eligible Stockholder&rsquo;s continuous ownership of the Required Shares through the record
date; (ii) the written consent of each Stockholder Nominee to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director
if elected; (iii) a copy of the Schedule 14N that has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as required by Rule 14a-18
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and (iv) in the case of a nomination by a group of stockholders, the designation
by all group members of one group member that is authorized to act on behalf of all such members with respect to the nomination and matters
related thereto, including any withdrawal of the nomination.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(f)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Representations and Agreements from Eligible Stockholders</U>. Together with any notice of a nomination in accordance with the
procedures set forth in this Section 1.07 and within the time period specified in this Section 1.07 for submitting a written notice of
nomination, an Eligible Stockholder must also provide a written representation and agreement that such Eligible Stockholder (including,
in the case of a group, each member thereof): (i) acquired the Required Shares in the ordinary course of business and not with the intent
to change or influence control of the Corporation, and does not presently have such intent, (ii) presently intends to maintain qualifying
ownership of the Required Shares through the date of the annual meeting, (iii) has not nominated and will not nominate for election to
the Board of Directors at the annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation any person other than the nominee or nominees being nominated
pursuant to this Section 1.07, (iv) has not engaged and will not engage in, and has not and will not be a &ldquo;participant&rdquo; in
another person&rsquo;s, &ldquo;solicitation&rdquo; within the meaning of Rule 14a-1(l) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended,
in support of the election of any individual as a director at the annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation other than its nominee
or a nominee of the Board of Directors, (v) will not distribute to any stockholder any form of proxy for the annual meeting of stockholders
of the Corporation other than the form distributed by the Corporation, (vi) will provide facts, statements and other information in all
communications with the Corporation and stockholders of the Corporation that are or will be true and correct in all material respects
and do not and will not omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under
which they were made, not misleading and (vii) as to any funds purporting to be Qualifying Funds, within 5 business days after the date
of the written notice of nomination required by this Section 1.07, will provide to the Corporation documentation reasonably satisfactory
to the Corporation that demonstrates such funds satisfy the requirements of this Section 1.07 to be Qualifying Funds.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(g)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Undertakings by Eligible Stockholders</U>. Together with any notice of a nomination in accordance with the procedures set forth
in this Section 1.07 and within the time period specified in this Section 1.07 for submitting a written notice of nomination, an Eligible
Stockholder must provide a written undertaking that the Eligible Stockholder (including, in the case of a group, each member thereof)
agrees to: (i) assume all liability stemming from any legal or regulatory violation arising out of the Eligible Stockholder&rsquo;s communications
with the stockholders of the Corporation or out of the information that such Eligible Stockholder provided to the Corporation, (ii) comply
with all other laws and regulations applicable to any solicitation in connection with the annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation,
(iii) indemnify and hold harmless the Corporation and each of its directors, officers and employees individually against any liability,
loss or damages in connection with any threatened or pending action, suit or proceeding, whether legal, administrative or investigative,
against the Corporation or any of its directors, officers or employees arising out of any nomination submitted by the Eligible Stockholder
pursuant to this Section 1.07 and (iv) file with the SEC any solicitation or other communication with the Corporation&rsquo;s stockholders
relating to the meeting at which such Stockholder Nominee will be nominated, regardless of whether any such filing is required under Regulation
14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or whether any exemption from filing is available for such solicitation or other
communication under Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(h)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Information and Agreements from Stockholder Nominees</U>. Together with any notice of a nomination in accordance with the procedures
set forth in this Section 1.07 and within the time period specified in this Section 1.07 for submitting a written notice of nomination,
a Stockholder Nominee must deliver to the Secretary a written representation and agreement that such person (i) is not and will not become
a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as
to how such person, if elected as a director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (A) if such agreement, arrangement
or understanding has not been disclosed to the Corporation or (B) if such agreement, arrangement or understanding could limit or interfere
with such person&rsquo;s ability to comply, if elected as a director of the Corporation, with such person&rsquo;s fiduciary duties under
applicable law, (ii) may not be, and may not become, a party to any compensatory, payment, indemnification or other financial agreement,
arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation in connection with service or action as a director that
has not been disclosed to the Corporation, and (iii) will comply with all of the Corporation&rsquo;s corporate governance, conflict of
interest, confidentiality and stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines, and any other Corporation policies and guidelines applicable
to directors. At the request of the Corporation, the Stockholder Nominee must sign, complete and submit to the Corporation all questionnaires
required of directors of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Corporation may request
such additional information as necessary to permit the Board of Directors to determine if each Stockholder Nominee is independent under
the listing standards of the principal U.S. securities exchange upon which the common stock of the Corporation is listed, any applicable
rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and any publicly disclosed standards used by the Board of Directors in determining and
disclosing the independence of the Corporation&rsquo;s directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Inaccuracies in Information Provided by Stockholders or Stockholder Nominees</U>. In the event that any information or communications
provided by the Eligible Stockholder or the Stockholder Nominee to the Corporation or its stockholders ceases to be true and correct in
all material respects or omits a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were
made, not misleading, each Eligible Stockholder or Stockholder Nominee, as the case may be, shall promptly notify the Secretary of any
defect in such previously provided information and of the information that is required to correct any such defect, it being understood
that providing any such notification shall not be deemed to cure any defect or limit the Corporation&rsquo;s rights to omit a Stockholder
Nominee from its proxy materials pursuant to this Section 1.07.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(j)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Information Included in Proxy Statement</U>. The Eligible Stockholder may provide to the Secretary, at the time the written
notice of nomination required by this Section 1.07 is provided, a written statement for inclusion in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials
for the annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation, not to exceed 500 words, in support of the Stockholder Nominee&rsquo;s candidacy
(the &ldquo;<U>Statement</U>&rdquo;). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Section 1.07, the Corporation may omit
from its proxy statement any information or Statement that it, in good faith, believes would violate any applicable law or regulation
or that it, in good faith, believes is untrue in any material respect (or omits to state a material fact necessary to make the statements
made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading). Nothing in this Section 1.07 shall limit the Corporation&rsquo;s
ability to solicit against and include in its proxy materials its own statements relating to the Stockholder Nominee&rsquo;s candidacy.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(k)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Exclusion of Stockholder Nominees from Proxy Statement</U>. The Corporation shall not be required to include, pursuant to this
Section 1.07, any Stockholder Nominee in its proxy statement for any meeting of stockholders, and any such nomination shall be disregarded
and no vote on such Stockholder Nominee will occur, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the
Corporation: (i) for which the Secretary receives a notice (whether or not subsequently withdrawn) that an Eligible Stockholder has nominated
a person for election to the Board of Directors pursuant to the advance notice requirements for stockholder nominees for director set
forth in Section 1.05 of these By-laws, (ii) if the Stockholder Nominee is, or has been within the three years preceding the date the
Corporation first mails to the stockholders its notice of meeting that includes the name of the Stockholder Nominee, an officer or director
of a company that is a competitor, as defined in Section 8 of the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914, of the Corporation, as determined by
the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, (iii) who is not independent, as determined by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion,
under the listing standards of the principal U.S. securities exchange upon which the common stock of the Corporation is listed, any applicable
rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission or any publicly disclosed standards used by the Board of Directors in determining and
disclosing the independence of the Corporation&rsquo;s directors, (iv) who does not meet the audit committee independence requirements
under the listing standards of the principal U.S. securities exchange upon which the common stock of the Corporation is listed, is not
a &ldquo;non-employee director&rdquo; for the purposes of Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (or any successor rule)
or is not an &ldquo;outside director&rdquo; for the purposes of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code (or any successor provision),
(v) if the Stockholder Nominee or the Eligible Stockholder (including, in the case of a group, any member thereof) who has nominated such
Stockholder Nominee has engaged in or is currently engaged in, or has been or is a &ldquo;participant&rdquo; in another person&rsquo;s,
&ldquo;solicitation&rdquo; within the meaning of Rule 14a-1(l) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, in support of the
election of any individual as a director at the meeting other than such Stockholder Nominee or a nominee of the Board or Directors, (vi)
who is or becomes a party to any compensatory, payment or other financial agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person other
than the Corporation that has not been disclosed to the Corporation, (vii)&nbsp;who is named subject of a criminal proceeding (excluding
traffic violations and other minor offenses) pending as of the date the Corporation first mails to the stockholders its notice of meeting
that includes the name of the Stockholder Nominee or, within the 10 years preceding such date, has been convicted in such a criminal proceeding,
(viii) who upon becoming a member of the Board of Directors would cause the Corporation to be in violation of these By-Laws, the Certificate
of Incorporation, the rules and listing standards of the principal U.S. exchange upon which the common stock of the Corporation is listed
or any applicable state or federal law, rule or regulation, (ix) if such Stockholder Nominee or the Eligible Stockholder (including, in
the case of a group, any member thereof) shall have provided information to the Corporation in respect of such nomination that was untrue
in any material respect or omitted to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statement made, in light of the circumstances
under which it was made, not misleading, as determined by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, or (x) if the Eligible Stockholder
(including, in the case of a group, any member thereof) or applicable Stockholder Nominee otherwise shall have breached or contravened
any of its or their agreements, representations or undertakings or failed to comply with this Section 1.07, as determined by the Board
of Directors or the chairman of the annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation in its sole discretion.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(l)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Interpretation; Application; Attendance of Nominating Stockholder at Annual Meeting</U>. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary
set forth in this Section 1.07, the Board of Directors or, during the annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation, the chairman
of the annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation shall declare a nomination by an Eligible Stockholder to be invalid, and such
nomination shall be disregarded notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation, if: (i)
the Eligible Stockholder (including, in the case of a group, any member thereof) or applicable Stockholder Nominee shall have breached
or contravened any of its or their agreements, representations or undertakings or failed to comply with this Section 1.07, as determined
by the Board of Directors or, during the annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation, the chairman of the annual meeting of stockholders
of the Corporation, (ii) such Stockholder Nominee or the applicable Eligible Stockholder (including, in the case of a group, any member
thereof) shall have provided information to the Corporation in respect of such nomination that was untrue in any material respect or omitted
to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statement made, in light of the circumstances under which it was made, not misleading,
as determined by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion or (iii) the Eligible Stockholder (or a qualified representative (as defined
in Section 1.06 of these By-laws) thereof) does not appear at the annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to present any nomination
pursuant to this Section 1.07.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(m)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Ineligibility of Certain Stockholder Nominees</U>. Any Stockholder Nominee who is included in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy
materials for a particular annual meeting of stockholders shall be ineligible to be a Stockholder Nominee pursuant to this Section 1.07
for the next two annual meetings of stockholders if such Stockholder Nominee (i) withdraws from or becomes ineligible or unavailable for
election at the annual meeting of stockholders or (ii) does not receive at least 25% of the votes cast in favor of the Stockholder Nominee&rsquo;s
election.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(n)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Conditional Resignation of Stockholder Nominees</U>. Any Stockholder Nominee who is included in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy
materials for an annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation pursuant to this Section 1.07 shall submit an irrevocable resignation
(resigning his or her candidacy for director election and, if applicable at the time of the determination made in the next sentence, resigning
from his or her position as a director), in a form satisfactory to the Corporation, in advance of the annual meeting, provided that such
resignation shall become effective only upon a determination by the Board of Directors or any committee thereof that (i) the information
provided pursuant to this Section 1.07 to the Corporation by such individual or by the Eligible Stockholder (or, in the case of a group,
any member thereof) who nominated such individual was untrue in any material respect or omitted to state a material fact necessary in
order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading and (ii) such individual,
or the Eligible Stockholder (or, in the case of a group, any member thereof) who nominated such individual shall have breached or failed
to comply with its agreements, representations, undertakings and/or obligations pursuant to these By-laws, including, without limitation,
this Section 1.07.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(o)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Exclusive Method of Proxy Access</U>. This Section 1.07 shall be the exclusive method for stockholders (including beneficial
owners of stock) to include nominees for director election in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: none"><U>ARTICLE
II</U></FONT><U><BR>
BOARD OF DIRECTORS</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
2.01.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>General Powers</U>.
The property, affairs and business of the Corporation shall be managed by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may exercise
all the powers of the Corporation, whether derived from law or the Certificate of Incorporation, except such powers as are, by statute,
by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-Laws, vested solely in the stockholders of the Corporation. No Director need be a stockholder
of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
2.02.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Number and Term
of Office</U>. The Board of Directors shall consist of such number (but in no event less than three nor more than twelve) of Directors
as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by affirmative vote of a majority of the whole Board of Directors. Each Director
(whenever elected) shall hold office until his or her successor shall have been elected and shall have qualified, or until his or her
death, or until he or she shall have resigned in the manner provided in Section 2.10 hereof or shall have been removed in accordance with
the Certificate of Incorporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
2.03.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Election of Directors</U>.
Except as otherwise provided by these By-Laws, each director shall be elected by the vote of the majority of the votes cast with respect
to that director&rsquo;s election at any meeting for the election of directors at which a quorum is present, provided that if, as of the
tenth (10th) day preceding the date the Corporation first mails its notice of meeting for such meeting to the stockholders of the Corporation,
the number of nominees exceeds the number of directors to be elected (a &ldquo;<U>Contested Election</U>&rdquo;), the directors shall
be elected by the vote of a plurality of the votes cast. For purposes of this Section 2.03 of these By-Laws, a majority of votes cast
shall mean that the number of votes cast &ldquo;for&rdquo; a director&rsquo;s election exceeds the number of votes cast &ldquo;against&rdquo;
that director&rsquo;s election (with &ldquo;abstentions&rdquo; and &ldquo;broker nonvotes&rdquo; not counted as a vote cast either &ldquo;for&rdquo;
or &ldquo;against&rdquo; that director&rsquo;s election).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In order for any incumbent
director to become a nominee of the Board of Directors for further service on the Board of Directors, such person must submit an irrevocable
resignation, provided that such resignation shall be effective only if (i) that person shall not receive a majority of the votes cast
in an election that is not a Contested Election, and (ii) the Board of Directors shall accept that resignation in accordance with the
policies and procedures adopted by the Board of Directors for such purpose. In the event an incumbent director fails to receive a majority
of the votes cast in an election that is not a Contested Election, the Governance Committee, or such other Committee designated by the
Board of Directors pursuant to these By-Laws, shall make a recommendation to the Board of Directors as to whether to accept or reject
the resignation of such incumbent director, or whether other action should be taken. The Board of Directors shall act on the resignation,
taking into account the Committee&rsquo;s recommendation, and publicly disclose (by a press release and filing an appropriate disclosure
with the Securities and Exchange Commission) its decision regarding the resignation and, if such resignation is rejected, the rationale
behind the decision within one hundred twenty (120) days following certification of the election results. The Committee in making its
recommendation and the Board of Directors in making its decision each may consider any factors and other information that they consider
appropriate and relevant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If the Board of Directors
accepts a director&rsquo;s resignation pursuant to this Section 2.03, or if a nominee for director is not elected and the nominee is not
an incumbent director, then the Board of Directors may fill the resulting vacancy pursuant to Paragraph 5(b) of the Certificate of Incorporation
or may decrease the size of the Board of Directors pursuant to the provisions of Section 2.02.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
2.04.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Annual and Regular
Meetings</U>. The annual meeting of the Board of Directors, for the electing of officers pursuant to Section 3.01 and for the transaction
of such other business as may come before the meeting, shall be held in each year as soon as possible after the annual meeting of the
stockholders at the place of such annual meeting of the stockholders, and notice of such annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall
not be required to be given. The Board of Directors from time to time may provide by resolution for the holding of regular meetings and
fix the time and place (which may be within or outside the State of Delaware) thereof. Notice of such regular meetings need not be given;
provided, however, that in case the Board of Directors shall fix or change the time or place of regular meetings, notice of such action
shall be given personally or by mail or facsimile or other electronic transmission promptly to each Director who shall not have been present
at the meeting at which such action was taken.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
2.05.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Special Meetings;
Notice</U>. Special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held whenever called by the Chairman of the Board, if any, or by the Chief
Executive Officer, or by any two Directors, at such time and place (which may be within or outside of the State of Delaware) as may be
specified in the respective notices or waivers of notice thereof. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called on two days&rsquo;
notice to each Director, personally or by telephone or facsimile or other electronic transmission, or on four days&rsquo; notice by mail.
Notice of any special meeting need not be given to any Director who shall be present at such meeting, or to any Director who shall waive
notice of such meeting in writing or by electronic transmission, whether before or after the time of such meeting, and any business may
be transacted thereat. No notice need be given of any adjourned meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
2.06.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Telephonic Meetings</U>.
Directors may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors, or a meeting of any committee designated by the Board, by means of conference
telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation
in a meeting pursuant to this By-Law shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
2.07.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Quorum and Vote</U>.
At all meetings of the Board of Directors, the presence of a majority of the total authorized number of Directors under Section 2.02 hereof
shall be necessary and sufficient to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Except when otherwise required by statute, the
vote of a majority of the total number of Directors present and acting at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the
Board of Directors. In the absence of a quorum, a majority of the Directors present may adjourn the meeting from time to time, until a
quorum shall be present.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
2.08.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Action Without
a Meeting</U>. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or any meeting of a Committee of
the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board or Committee consent thereto in accordance with applicable
law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
2.09.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Manner of Acting</U>.
The Directors shall act only as a Board, and the individual Directors shall have no power as such, except as permitted by statute.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
2.10.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Resignations</U>.
Any Director may resign at any time by delivering a resignation to the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the Secretary
or any Assistant Secretary. Unless otherwise specified therein, such resignation shall take effect upon delivery.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
2.11.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Reliance on Accounts
and Reports, etc.</U> A Director, or a member of any committee designated by the Board of Directors, in the performance of his or her
duties, shall be fully protected in relying in good faith on the records of the Corporation and upon such information, opinions, reports
or statements presented to the Corporation by any of its officers or employees, or committees of the Board of Directors or by any other
person as to matters the Director or member reasonably believes are within such other person&rsquo;s professional or expert competence
and who has been selected with reasonable care by or on behalf of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
2.12.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Committees</U>.
The Board may establish such committees having such responsibilities and composition as it shall from time to time by resolution determine.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: none"><U>ARTICLE
III</U></FONT><U><BR>
OFFICERS</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
3.01.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Board Election</U>.
The officers of the Corporation, except such officers appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 3.02, shall be elected by
the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
3.02.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Additional Officers</U>.
The Board of Directors may delegate to the Chief Executive Officer the power to appoint and remove designated officers. Any such appointed
officers shall have such authority and perform such duties as are incident to their several offices or as may be assigned to such officers
from time to time by these By-Laws, the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
3.03.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Term of Office</U>.
All officers of the Corporation shall hold office until their successors are chosen and qualify or their earlier resignation or removal.
Any number of offices may be held by the same person. Unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise requires, references to officers
in these By-Laws and the Certificate of Incorporation shall refer to officers elected or appointed pursuant to Section 3.01 or Section
3.02.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
3.04.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Removal and Vacancies</U>.
Any officer may be removed, either with or without cause, at any time by the Chief Executive Officer or by the affirmative vote of a majority
of the Board of Directors. Any vacancy occurring in any office of the Corporation may be filled by the Board of Directors. If the office
of any officer appointed pursuant to Section 3.02 becomes vacant, such vacancy may also be filled by the Chief Executive Officer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
3.05.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Chairman of the
Board of Directors</U>. The Chairman of the Board shall be a member of the Board of Directors. The Chairman, if present, shall preside
at all stockholders&rsquo; meetings and all meetings of the Board at which he is present and shall have such other duties as shall be
assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors. The Chairman also may hold one or more additional offices, including Chief Executive
Officer or President. In the absence of the Chairman, the duties of the Chairman shall be performed and the authority of the Chairman
may be exercised by a director designated for this purpose by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
3.06.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Chief Executive
Officer</U>. The Chief Executive Officer shall have direct charge of the business of the Corporation, subject to the general control of
the Board of Directors, and also may hold one or more additional offices, including President.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
3.07.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>President</U>.
The President shall have such powers and perform duties as may be assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive
Officer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
3.08.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Vice Presidents</U>.
Each Executive Vice President, Senior Vice President or Vice President shall have such powers and perform such duties as may be assigned
to him or her by these By-Laws, the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
3.09.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Secretary</U>.
The Secretary shall, if present, act as Secretary of, and keep the minutes of, all the proceedings of the meetings of the stockholders
and of the Board of Directors and of any committee of the Board of Directors in one or more books to be kept for that purpose; shall perform
such other duties as shall be assigned to him or her by the Chief Executive Officer or the Board of Directors; and, in general, shall
perform all duties incident to the office of Secretary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
3.10.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Treasurer</U>.
The Treasurer shall keep or cause to be kept full and accurate records of all receipts and disbursements in the books of the Corporation
and shall have the care and custody of all funds and securities of the Corporation. He or she shall disburse the funds of the Corporation
as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, shall render to the Chief Executive Officer and the Board of Directors, whenever they request
it, an account of all of his or her transactions as Treasurer and shall perform such other duties as may be assigned to him or her by
the Chief Executive Officer or the Board of Directors; and, in general, shall perform all duties incident to the office of Treasurer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
3.11.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Controller</U>.
The Controller shall be the chief accounting officer of the Corporation. The Controller shall keep or cause to be kept all books of account
and accounting records of the Corporation and shall keep and maintain, or cause to be kept and maintained, adequate and correct accounts
of the properties and business transactions of the Corporation. The Controller shall prepare or cause to be prepared appropriate financial
statements for the Corporation and shall perform such other duties as may be assigned to him or her by the Chief Executive Officer or
the Board of Directors; and, in general, shall perform all duties incident to the office of Controller.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: none"><U>ARTICLE
IV</U></FONT><U><BR>
EXECUTION OF INSTRUMENTS; DEPOSITS; FINANCES</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
4.01.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>General</U>. Subject
to the provisions of Sections 4.02, 4.03 and 4.04 hereof, all deeds, certificates, obligations, documents, transfers, contracts, and agreements
and other instruments requiring execution by the Corporation shall be signed by the Chief Executive Officer, President, an Executive Vice
President, a Senior Vice President, a Vice President, or the Treasurer, as the Board of Directors may otherwise from time to time authorize
by resolution, or as the Chief Executive Officer may otherwise from time to time authorize in writing. Any such authorization may be general
or confined to specific instances.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
4.02.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Corporate Indebtedness</U>.
No loan shall be contracted on behalf of the Corporation, and no evidences of indebtedness shall be issued in its name, unless authorized
by the Board of Directors. Such authorizations of the Board may be general or confined to specific instances. Loans authorized by the
Board of Directors may be effected at any time for the Corporation from any bank, trust company or other institution, or from any firm,
corporation or individual. When so authorized by the Board of Directors, any part of or all the properties, including contract rights,
assets, business or goodwill of the Corporation, whether then owned or thereafter acquired, may be mortgaged, pledged, hypothecated or
conveyed or assigned in trust as security for the payment of such bonds, debentures, notes and other obligations or evidences of indebtedness
to the Corporation, and of the interest thereon, by instruments executed and delivered in the name of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
4.03.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Checks, Drafts,
etc.</U> All checks, drafts, bills of exchange or orders for the payment of money, issued in the name of the Corporation, shall be signed
only by the Treasurer or such other person or persons and in such manner as may from time to time be designated by the Board of Directors
or in writing by the Chief Executive Officer or the Treasurer, which designation may be general or confined to specific instances; and
unless so designated, no person shall have any power or authority thereby to bind the Corporation or to pledge its credit or to render
it liable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
4.04.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Deposits</U>.
All funds of the Corporation not otherwise employed shall be deposited from time to time to the credit of the Corporation in such banks,
trust companies or other depositories as the Board of Directors may select. The Board of Directors may make such special rules and regulations
with respect to such bank accounts, not inconsistent with the provisions of these By-Laws, as it may deem expedient. For the purpose of
deposit and for the purpose of collection for the account of the Corporation, checks, drafts and other orders for the payment of money
which are payable to the order of the Corporation shall be endorsed, assigned and delivered by the Treasurer or such other person or persons
and in such manner as may from time to time be designated by the Board of Directors or in writing by the Chief Executive Officer or the
Treasurer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
4.05.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Dividends</U>.
Dividends upon the stock of the Corporation, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, if any, may be declared by
the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting, pursuant to law. Such declaration may be continuing or limited to a specific
payment or distribution. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of stock, subject to the provisions of the Certificate
of Incorporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
4.06.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Fiscal Year</U>.
The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be the calendar year, unless otherwise fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: none"><U>ARTICLE
V</U></FONT><U><BR>
CAPITAL STOCK</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
5.01.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Stock Certificates
and Transfers</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be evidenced by certificates representing shares of stock in such form as
the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe; provided that the Board of Directors may provide by resolution or resolutions
that all or some of the classes or series of the stock of the Corporation shall be represented by uncertificated shares. Any such resolution
shall not apply to shares represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the Corporation. Every holder of stock
represented by certificates shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by, or in the name of the Corporation by, the Chairman of the
Board of Directors, or the Chief Executive Officer or President, and by the Treasurer, or by the Secretary, representing the number of
shares registered in certificate form.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The shares of the stock of the Corporation represented by certificates shall be transferred on the books of the Corporation by
the holder thereof in person or by his attorney, upon surrender for cancellation of certificates representing the same number of shares,
with an assignment and power of transfer endorsed thereon or attached thereto, duly executed, with such proof of the authenticity of the
signature as the Corporation or its agents may reasonably require. Upon receipt of proper transfer instructions from the registered owner
of uncertificated shares, such uncertificated shares shall be transferred to the person entitled thereto and the transaction shall be
recorded upon the books of the Corporation. Within a reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of uncertificated stock, the Corporation
shall send to the registered owner thereof a written notice containing the information required to be set forth or stated on certificates
pursuant to the Delaware General Corporation Law or, unless otherwise provided by the Delaware General Corporation Law, a statement that
the Corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and relative participating,
optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such
preferences and/or rights.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
5.02.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Lost, Stolen or
Destroyed Certificates</U><I>. </I>The Board of Directors may direct a new certificate or uncertificated shares to be issued in place
of any certificate alleged to have been lost, destroyed or stolen, upon production of such evidence of such loss, destruction or theft
and on delivery to the Corporation of a bond of indemnity in such amount, upon such terms and secured by such surety, as the Board of
Directors or its designee may in its or his discretion require.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: none"><U>ARTICLE
VI</U></FONT><U><BR>
SEAL; OFFICES; FORUM</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
6.01.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Seal</U>. The
corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation, the year of its incorporation and the words &ldquo;Corporate
Seal, Delaware.&rdquo; The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
6.02.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Offices</U>. The
Corporation may have offices at such other places both within or outside the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may from time
to time determine or as the business of the Corporation may require.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
6.03.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Forum</U>. Unless
the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall, to
the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for (1) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of
the Corporation, (2) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of the
Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation&rsquo;s stockholders, (3) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision
of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, or (4) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine.
Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any interest in shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be
deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Section 6.03.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: none"><U>ARTICLE
VII</U></FONT><U><BR>
INDEMNIFICATION</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
7.01.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Indemnification</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>No director of the Corporation shall have any personal liability to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for
breach of fiduciary duty as a director, provided that this provision shall not eliminate or limit the liability of a director (i) for
any breach of the director&rsquo;s duty of loyalty to the Corporation or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith
or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) under Section 174 of the General Corporation Law of the State
of Delaware, or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is involved in any action, suit or proceeding,
whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (hereinafter a &ldquo;proceeding&rdquo;), by reason of the fact that he or she
is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director or officer of
another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to employee benefit
plans, whether the basis of such proceeding is alleged action either in an official capacity as a director or officer or in any other
capacity while serving as a director or officer, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation to the fullest extent authorized
by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such
amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than said law permitted
the Corporation to provide prior to such amendment), against all expenses, liability and loss (including attorneys&rsquo; fees, judgments,
fines, excise taxes pursuant to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, or penalties and amounts paid or to be
paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by such person in connection therewith and such indemnification shall continue as
to a person who has ceased to be a director or officer and shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, executors and administrators;
provided, however, that, the Corporation shall indemnify any such person seeking indemnification in connection with a proceeding (or part
thereof) initiated by such person only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board of Directors of the Corporation.
The right to be indemnified conferred in this Section 7.01 shall be a contract right and shall include the right to be paid by the Corporation
the expenses incurred in defending any such proceeding in advance of its final disposition; provided, however, that, the payment of such
expenses incurred by the director or officer in his or her capacity as a director or officer (and not in any other capacity in which service
was or is to be rendered by such person while a director or officer, including, without limitation, service to an employee benefit plan),
in advance of the final disposition of proceeding, shall be made only upon delivery to the Corporation of an undertaking, by or on behalf
of such director or officer, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined that such director or officer is not
entitled to be indemnified under this Article or otherwise. The Corporation may also provide indemnification to employees and agents of
the Corporation with the same scope and effect as the foregoing indemnification of directors and officers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The indemnification provided by this Section 7.01 shall not limit or exclude any rights, indemnities or limitations of liability
to which any person may be entitled, whether as a matter of law, under the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, by agreement,
vote of the stockholders or disinterested directors of the Corporation or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>If a claim under paragraph (b) of this Section 7.01 is not paid in full by the Corporation within sixty (60) days after a written
claim has been received by the Corporation, the claimant may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Corporation to recover the
unpaid amount of the claim and, if successful in whole or in part, the claimant shall be entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting
such claim. It shall be a defense to any such action (other than an action brought to enforce a claim for expenses incurred in defending
any proceeding in advance of its final disposition where the required undertaking, if any is required, has been tendered to the Corporation)
that the claimant has not met the standards of conduct which make it permissible under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware
for the Corporation to indemnify the claimant for the amount claimed, but the burden of proving such defense shall be on the Corporation.
Neither the failure of the Corporation (including its Board, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a determination
prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification of the claimant is proper in the circumstances because he or she has met
the applicable standard or conduct set forth in the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, nor an actual determination by the
Corporation (including its Board, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) that the claimant has not met such applicable standard
of conduct, shall create a presumption that the claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Corporation may maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation
or another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any such expense, liability or loss, whether or
not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under the General Corporation
Law of the State of Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(f)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Any repeal or modification of any of the provisions of this Section 7.01 shall not adversely affect any right or protection hereunder
of any director, officer or other person in respect of any proceeding (regardless of when such proceeding is first threatened, commenced
or completed) arising out of, or related to, any act or omission occurring prior to the time of such repeal or modification.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: none"><U>ARTICLE
VIII</U></FONT><U><BR>
AMENDMENTS</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Section
8.01.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Amendments</U>.
These By-Laws may only be altered or repealed and new By-Laws adopted by resolution of the Board of Directors or of the Shareholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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	<link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="dgx-20220519_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:title="Label Links" />
      </appinfo>
    </annotation>
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-types/2022" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-types-2022.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21" schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21/types.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt/2022" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2022" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-types-2022.xsd" />
</schema>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>dgx-20220519_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL LABEL FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" standalone="no"?>
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Generator; Value: GoFiler Complete; Version: 5.13a -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: VendorURI; Value: https://www.novaworks.com -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Status; Value: 0x00000000 -->
<link:linkbase xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
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    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedPeriodEndLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedPeriodEndLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedPeriodStartLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedPeriodStartLabel" />
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    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedNetLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedNetLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedTerseLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/net-2009-12-16.xsd#netLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" />
    <link:labelLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link">
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Type</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" xlink:to="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Registration Statement</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Annual Report</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Quarterly Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Report</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>dgx-20220519_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL PRESENTATION FILE
<TEXT>
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<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<html>
<head>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.22.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139796425851592">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 19, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">May 19,  2022<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate', window );">Current Fiscal Year End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">--12-31<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-12215<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Quest
Diagnostics Incorporated<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001022079<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">16-1387862<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">500
    Plaza Drive<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Secaucus<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">NJ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">07094<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(973)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">520-2700<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">DGX<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
