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RESTRUCTURING ACTIVITIES AND IMPAIRMENT CHARGES | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract] |
RESTRUCTURING ACTIVITIES AND IMPAIRMENT CHARGES | RESTRUCTURING ACTIVITIES AND IMPAIRMENT CHARGES Invigorate Program The Company is engaged in a multi-year program called Invigorate, which includes structured plans to drive savings and improve productivity across the value chain, including in such areas as patient services, logistics and laboratory operations, revenue services, information technology and procurement. The Invigorate program aims to deliver 3% annual cost savings and productivity improvements to partially offset pressures from the current inflationary environment, including labor and benefit cost increases and reimbursement pressures. The Company is leveraging automation and artificial intelligence to improve productivity and also improve quality across the entire value chain, not just in the laboratory. Other areas of focus include reducing denials and patient concessions, enhancing the digital experience, and selecting and retaining talent. Restructuring and Impairment Charges The following table provides a summary of the Company's pre-tax restructuring and impairment charges for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Employee separation costs | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 11 |
Facility-related costs | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Asset impairment charges | 29 |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |
Total restructuring and impairment charges | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | 69 |  |  | $ | 12 |
The restructuring charges incurred for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were partially associated with various workforce reduction initiatives as the Company continued to restructure its organization. Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded an impairment charge on certain long-lived assets related to the shutdown of a business and, during the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded an impairment charge on certain property, plant and equipment. Of the total restructuring and impairment charges incurred during the year ended December 31, 2023, $13 million, $12 million and $29 million were recorded in cost of services, selling, general and administrative expenses and other operating expense (income), net, respectively. Of the total restructuring and impairment charges incurred during the year ended December 31, 2022, $19 million, $36 million and $14 million were recorded in cost of services, selling, general and administrative expenses and other operating expense (income), net, respectively. Of the total restructuring charges incurred during the year ended December 31, 2021, $8 million and $4 million were recorded in cost of services and selling, general and administrative expenses, respectively. The employee separation costs for all periods presented were primarily recorded in the Company's DIS business. The following table summarizes the activity of the restructuring liability during 2023 and 2022, which is included in accrued expenses in Note 13:
| Employee Separation Costs |  |  |  |
Balance, December 31, 2021 | $ | 7 |  |  |  |  |
Income statement expense | 55 |  |  |  |  |
Cash payments | (18) |  |  |  |  |
Balance, December 31, 2022 | 44 |  |  |  |  |
Income statement expense | 25 |  |  |  |  |
Cash payments | (57) |  |  |  |  |
Balance, December 31, 2023 | $ | 12 |  |  |  |  |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for restructuring and related activities. Description of restructuring activities such as exit and disposal activities, include facts and circumstances leading to the plan, the expected plan completion date, the major types of costs associated with the plan activities, total expected costs, the accrual balance at the end of the period, and the periods over which the remaining accrual will be settled. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 420 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (b)(2) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482017/420-10-50-1 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 420 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482017/420-10-50-1 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 420 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//420/tableOfContent Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 420 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (e) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482017/420-10-50-1 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 420 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section S99 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 5.P.4(e)) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479823/420-10-S99-2 + Details
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