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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024
Or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 001-12215
Quest Diagnostics Incorporated

Delaware |  |  | 16-1387862
(State of Incorporation) |  |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
500 Plaza Drive |  |  |
Secaucus, | NJ | 07094 |  |  |
(973) | 520-2700 |  |  |

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value | DGX | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐
| Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of July 15, 2024, there were outstanding 111,317,208 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $.01 par value.

Table of Contents
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

|  | Page
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited) |
| Index to unaudited consolidated financial statements filed as part of this report: |
| Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 | 2
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 | 3
| Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 | 5
| Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 | 6
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) | 8
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
| Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 25
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |
| See Item 2. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” | 37
Item 4. Controls and Procedures |
| Controls and Procedures | 37

1

Table of Contents
QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2024 AND 2023
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Net revenues | $ | 2,397 |  |  | $ | 2,338 |  |  | $ | 4,763 |  |  | $ | 4,669 |
Operating costs and expenses and other operating income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services | 1,593 |  |  | 1,546 |  |  | 3,188 |  |  | 3,106 |
Selling, general and administrative | 416 |  |  | 416 |  |  | 856 |  |  | 855 |
Amortization of intangible assets | 29 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 54 |
Other operating expense, net | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | 1 |
Total operating costs and expenses, net | 2,042 |  |  | 1,990 |  |  | 4,108 |  |  | 4,016 |
Operating income | 355 |  |  | 348 |  |  | 655 |  |  | 653 |
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net | (44) |  |  | (37) |  |  | (87) |  |  | (72) |
Other income, net | 3 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 13 |
Total non-operating expense, net | (41) |  |  | (31) |  |  | (75) |  |  | (59) |
Income before income taxes and equity in earnings of equity method investees | 314 |  |  | 317 |  |  | 580 |  |  | 594 |
Income tax expense | (74) |  |  | (75) |  |  | (140) |  |  | (140) |
Equity in earnings of equity method investees, net of taxes | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 12 |
Net income | 240 |  |  | 249 |  |  | 448 |  |  | 466 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 11 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 29 |
Net income attributable to Quest Diagnostics | $ | 229 |  |  | $ | 235 |  |  | $ | 423 |  |  | $ | 437 |
Earnings per share attributable to Quest Diagnostics’ common stockholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 2.05 |  |  | $ | 2.08 |  |  | $ | 3.79 |  |  | $ | 3.88 |
Diluted | $ | 2.03 |  |  | $ | 2.05 |  |  | $ | 3.75 |  |  | $ | 3.83 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 111 |  |  | 112 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 112 |
Diluted | 112 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 112 |  |  | 114 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
2

Table of Contents
QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2024 AND 2023
(unaudited)
(in millions)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Net income | $ | 240 |  |  | $ | 249 |  |  | $ | 448 |  |  | $ | 466 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | (3) |  |  | 2 |  |  | (5) |  |  | 5 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income | (3) |  |  | 2 |  |  | (5) |  |  | 5 |
Comprehensive income | 237 |  |  | 251 |  |  | 443 |  |  | 471 |
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 11 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 29 |
Comprehensive income attributable to Quest Diagnostics | $ | 226 |  |  | $ | 237 |  |  | $ | 418 |  |  | $ | 442 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
3

Table of Contents
QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
JUNE 30, 2024 AND DECEMBER 31, 2023
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)

| June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Assets |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 271 |  |  | $ | 686 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $27 as of both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 | 1,319 |  |  | 1,210 |
Inventories | 182 |  |  | 190 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 245 |  |  | 286 |
Total current assets | 2,017 |  |  | 2,372 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 1,832 |  |  | 1,816 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 603 |  |  | 602 |
Goodwill | 7,885 |  |  | 7,733 |
Intangible assets, net | 1,202 |  |  | 1,166 |
Investments in equity method investees | 126 |  |  | 135 |
Other assets | 216 |  |  | 198 |
Total assets | $ | 13,881 |  |  | $ | 14,022 |
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 1,247 |  |  | $ | 1,359 |
Current portion of long-term debt | 606 |  |  | 303 |
Current portion of long-term operating lease liabilities | 159 |  |  | 153 |
Total current liabilities | 2,012 |  |  | 1,815 |
Long-term debt | 3,816 |  |  | 4,410 |
Long-term operating lease liabilities | 507 |  |  | 503 |
Other liabilities | 811 |  |  | 876 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |
Redeemable noncontrolling interest | 79 |  |  | 76 |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Quest Diagnostics stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 600 shares authorized as of both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023; 162 shares issued as of both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Additional paid-in capital | 2,314 |  |  | 2,320 |
Retained earnings | 9,080 |  |  | 8,825 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (19) |  |  | (14) |
Treasury stock, at cost; 51 shares as of both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 | (4,760) |  |  | (4,826) |
Total Quest Diagnostics stockholders’ equity | 6,617 |  |  | 6,307 |
Noncontrolling interests | 39 |  |  | 35 |
Total stockholders’ equity | 6,656 |  |  | 6,342 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 13,881 |  |  | $ | 14,022 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
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QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2024 AND 2023
(unaudited)
(in millions)

| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 448 |  |  | $ | 466 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 233 |  |  | 219 |
Provision (credit) for credit losses | 3 |  |  | (1) |
Deferred income tax benefit | (36) |  |  | (16) |
Stock-based compensation expense | 42 |  |  | 40 |
Other, net | 16 |  |  | 1 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | (113) |  |  | (38) |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | (111) |  |  | (156) |
Income taxes payable | 20 |  |  | 5 |
Other assets and liabilities, net | 12 |  |  | 18 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 514 |  |  | 538 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (248) |  |  | (609) |
Capital expenditures | (196) |  |  | (231) |
Other investing activities, net | 31 |  |  | — |
Net cash used in investing activities | (413) |  |  | (840) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from borrowings | — |  |  | 1,147 |
Repayments of debt | (301) |  |  | (828) |
Exercise of stock options | 28 |  |  | 47 |
Employee payroll tax withholdings on stock issued under stock-based compensation plans | (23) |  |  | (28) |
Dividends paid | (163) |  |  | (154) |
Distributions to noncontrolling interest partners | (18) |  |  | (28) |
Other financing activities, net | (39) |  |  | (43) |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (516) |  |  | 113 |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | (415) |  |  | (189) |
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period | 686 |  |  | 315 |
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | 271 |  |  | $ | 126 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
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QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2024 AND 2023
(unaudited)
(in millions)

For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 |  |  | Quest Diagnostics Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Shares of Common Stock Outstanding |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Compre- hensive Loss |  | Treasury Stock, at Cost |  | Non- controlling Interests |  | Total Stock- holders’ Equity |  |  |
Balance, March 31, 2024 | 111 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2,292 |  |  | $ | 8,935 |  |  | $ | (16) |  |  | $ | (4,781) |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 6,469 |  |  |  |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  | 229 |  |  |  |  |  | 9 |  |  | 238 |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3) |  |  |  |
Dividends declared |  |  |  |  |  |  | (84) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (84) |  |  |  |
Distributions to noncontrolling interest partners |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (7) |  |  | (7) |  |  |  |
Issuance of common stock under benefit plans |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  |
Exercise of stock options |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  |  | 16 |  |  |  |
Balance, June 30, 2024 | 111 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2,314 |  |  | $ | 9,080 |  |  | $ | (19) |  |  | $ | (4,760) |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 6,656 |  |  |  |
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 |  |  | Quest Diagnostics Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Shares of Common Stock Outstanding |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Compre- hensive Loss |  | Treasury Stock, at Cost |  | Non- controlling Interests |  | Total Stock- holders’ Equity |  |  |
Balance, December 31, 2023 | 111 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2,320 |  |  | $ | 8,825 |  |  | $ | (14) |  |  | $ | (4,826) |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 6,342 |  |  |  |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  | 423 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 22 |  |  | 445 |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5) |  |  |  |
Dividends declared |  |  |  |  |  |  | (168) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (168) |  |  |  |
Distributions to noncontrolling interest partners |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (18) |  |  | (18) |  |  |  |
Issuance of common stock under benefit plans |  |  |  |  | (41) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 54 |  |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  |
Exercise of stock options |  |  |  |  | (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 29 |  |  |  |  | 28 |  |  |  |
Shares to cover employee payroll tax withholdings on stock issued under stock-based compensation plans |  |  |  |  | (6) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (17) |  |  |  |  | (23) |  |  |  |
Balance, June 30, 2024 | 111 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2,314 |  |  | $ | 9,080 |  |  | $ | (19) |  |  | $ | (4,760) |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 6,656 |  |  |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
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For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 |  |  | Quest Diagnostics Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Shares of Common Stock Outstanding |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Compre- hensive Loss |  | Treasury Stock, at Cost |  | Non- controlling Interests |  | Total Stock- holders’ Equity |  |  |
Balance, March 31, 2023 | 112 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2,266 |  |  | $ | 8,412 |  |  | $ | (18) |  |  | $ | (4,612) |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 6,088 |  |  |  |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  | 235 |  |  |  |  |  | 12 |  |  | 247 |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |
Dividends declared |  |  |  |  |  |  | (81) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (81) |  |  |  |
Distributions to noncontrolling interest partners |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (12) |  |  | (12) |  |  |  |
Issuance of common stock under benefit plans |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  | 16 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16 |  |  |  |
Exercise of stock options |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 17 |  |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  |
Balance, June 30, 2023 | 112 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2,284 |  |  | $ | 8,566 |  |  | $ | (16) |  |  | $ | (4,587) |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 6,287 |  |  |  |
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 |  |  | Quest Diagnostics Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Shares of Common Stock Outstanding |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Compre- hensive Loss |  | Treasury Stock, at Cost |  | Non- controlling Interests |  | Total Stock- holders’ Equity |  |  |
Balance, December 31, 2022 | 111 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2,295 |  |  | $ | 8,290 |  |  | $ | (21) |  |  | $ | (4,673) |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 5,930 |  |  |  |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  | 437 |  |  |  |  |  | 26 |  |  | 463 |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |
Dividends declared |  |  |  |  |  |  | (161) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (161) |  |  |  |
Distributions to noncontrolling interest partners |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (25) |  |  | (25) |  |  |  |
Issuance of common stock under benefit plans | 1 |  |  |  |  | (41) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 56 |  |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  | 40 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 40 |  |  |  |
Exercise of stock options |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 48 |  |  |  |  | 48 |  |  |  |
Shares to cover employee payroll tax withholdings on stock issued under stock-based compensation plans |  |  |  |  | (10) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (18) |  |  |  |  | (28) |  |  |  |
Balance, June 30, 2023 | 112 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2,284 |  |  | $ | 8,566 |  |  | $ | (16) |  |  | $ | (4,587) |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 6,287 |  |  |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
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QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
(in millions, unless otherwise indicated)
1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
Background
Quest Diagnostics Incorporated and its subsidiaries ("Quest Diagnostics" or the "Company") work across the healthcare ecosystem to create a healthier world, one life at a time. The Company's diagnostic information services ("DIS") business provides diagnostic insights from the results of its laboratory testing to empower people, physicians, and organizations to take action to improve health outcomes. Derived from one of the world's largest databases of de-identifiable clinical lab results, the diagnostic insights reveal new avenues to identify and treat disease, inspire healthy behaviors and improve healthcare management. In the right hands and with the right context, the diagnostic insights can inspire actions that transform lives and create a healthier world. The Company provides services to a broad range of customers within its primary customer channels - physicians (including those associated with accountable care organizations and Federally Qualified Health Centers), hospitals, and patients and consumers. Other customers include health plans, employers, emerging retail healthcare providers, government agencies, pharmaceutical companies and other commercial clinical laboratories. The Company offers broad access to clinical testing through a nationwide network of laboratories, patient service centers, phlebotomists in physician offices, and connectivity resources, including call centers and mobile phlebotomists, nurses and other health and wellness professionals. The Company's large in-house staff of medical and scientific experts, including medical directors, scientific directors, genetic counselors and board-certified geneticists, provide medical and scientific consultation to healthcare providers and patients regarding the Company's tests and test results, and help them best utilize Quest Diagnostics' services to improve outcomes and enhance satisfaction. The Company's Diagnostic Solutions ("DS") group, which represents the balance of the Company's consolidated net revenues, includes the Company's risk assessment services business, which offers solutions for insurers, and the Company's healthcare information technology businesses, which offer solutions for healthcare providers and payers.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The interim unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments which in the opinion of management are necessary for a fair statement of results of operations, comprehensive income, financial condition, cash flows and stockholders' equity for the periods presented. Except as otherwise disclosed, all such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. Operating results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. These interim unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The year-end balance sheet data was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2023 but does not include all the disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”).
The accounting policies of the Company are the same as those set forth in Note 2 to the audited consolidated financial statements contained in the Company’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Earnings Per Share
The Company's unvested restricted stock units that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends are participating securities and, therefore, are included in the earnings allocation in computing earnings per share using the two-class method. Basic earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to Quest Diagnostics, adjusted for earnings allocated to participating securities, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to Quest Diagnostics, adjusted for earnings allocated to participating securities, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding after giving effect to all potentially
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QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, unless otherwise indicated)
dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive common shares include the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and performance share units granted under the Company's Amended and Restated Employee Long-Term Incentive Plan (“ELTIP”) and its Amended and Restated Non-Employee Director Long-Term Incentive Plan (“DLTIP”), as well as the dilutive effect of accelerated share repurchase agreements ("ASRs"), if applicable. Earnings allocable to participating securities include the portion of dividends declared as well as the portion of undistributed earnings during the period allocable to participating securities.
New Accounting Standards to be Adopted
In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued a new accounting standard which will require companies to disclose significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"). The pronouncement is effective for annual filings for the year ended December 31, 2024 and for interim periods within the year ended December 31, 2025. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on its results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
In December 2023, the FASB issued a new accounting standard which will require companies to make additional income tax disclosures. The pronouncement is effective for annual filings for the year ended December 31, 2025. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on its results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
In March 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued a rule which will require companies to make certain climate-related disclosures in periodic filings. The rule includes certain disclosures in the footnotes of the financial statements:
•capitalized costs, expenditures expensed, and losses incurred as a result of severe weather events and other natural conditions, such as hurricanes, tornadoes, flooding, drought, wildfires, extreme temperatures, and sea level rise;
•capitalized costs, expenditures expensed, and losses related to carbon offsets and renewable energy credits or certificates if they are used as a material component of a registrant’s plans to achieve its disclosed climate-related targets or goals; and
•whether estimates and assumptions used to produce the financial statements were materially impacted by risks and uncertainties associated with severe weather events and other natural conditions or any disclosed climate-related targets or transition plans.
The footnote disclosures are effective for annual filings for the year ended December 31, 2025. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of the rule.
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QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, unless otherwise indicated)
3. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share was as follows (in millions, except per share data):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Amounts attributable to Quest Diagnostics’ common stockholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Quest Diagnostics | $ | 229 |  |  | $ | 235 |  |  | $ | 423 |  |  | $ | 437 |
Less: Earnings allocated to participating securities | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Earnings available to Quest Diagnostics’ common stockholders – basic and diluted | $ | 228 |  |  | $ | 234 |  |  | $ | 421 |  |  | $ | 435 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic | 111 |  |  | 112 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 112 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock options and performance share units | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted | 112 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 112 |  |  | 114 |
Earnings per share attributable to Quest Diagnostics’ common stockholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 2.05 |  |  | $ | 2.08 |  |  | $ | 3.79 |  |  | $ | 3.88 |
Diluted | $ | 2.03 |  |  | $ | 2.05 |  |  | $ | 3.75 |  |  | $ | 3.83 |

The following securities were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share due to their antidilutive effect:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Stock options and performance share units | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |

4. RESTRUCTURING ACTIVITIES AND IMPAIRMENT CHARGES
Invigorate Program
The Company is engaged in a multi-year program called Invigorate, which includes structured plans to drive savings and improve productivity across the value chain, including in such areas as patient services, logistics and laboratory operations, revenue services, information technology and procurement. The Invigorate program aims to deliver 3% annual cost savings and productivity improvements to partially offset pressures from the current inflationary environment, including labor and benefit cost increases and reimbursement pressures. The Company is leveraging automation and artificial intelligence to improve productivity and also improve quality across the entire value chain, not just in the laboratory. Other areas of focus include reducing denials and patient concessions, enhancing the digital experience, and selecting and retaining talent.
Restructuring and Impairment Charges
The following table provides a summary of the Company's pre-tax restructuring and impairment charges for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:
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QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, unless otherwise indicated)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Employee separation costs | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 16 |
Asset impairment charges | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5 |
Total restructuring and impairment charges | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 21 |

The restructuring and impairment charges incurred for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 were associated with various workforce reduction initiatives as the Company continued to restructure its organization. Of the total restructuring and impairment charges incurred during the three months ended June 30, 2024, $4 million, and $4 million were recorded in cost of services and selling, general and administrative expenses, respectively. Of the total restructuring and impairment charges incurred during the six months ended June 30, 2024, $8 million and $6 million were recorded in cost of services and selling, general and administrative expenses, respectively.
The restructuring and impairment charges incurred for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 were primarily associated with various workforce reduction initiatives as the Company continued to restructure its organization. Additionally, during the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded an impairment charge for a corporate facility that was held for sale. All of the restructuring and impairment charges incurred during the three months ended June 30, 2023 were recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses. Of the total restructuring and impairment charges incurred during the six months ended June 30, 2023, $9 million and $12 million were recorded in cost of services and selling, general and administrative expenses, respectively.
Charges for all periods presented were primarily recorded in the Company's DIS business.
The restructuring liability as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, which is included in accounts payable and accrued expenses, was $16 million and $12 million, respectively.
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QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, unless otherwise indicated)
5. BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS
During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company completed acquisitions for an aggregate purchase price of $248 million (including contingent consideration initially estimated at $6 million), net of cash acquired, including the acquisitions discussed below. Of such amount, $30 million was prepaid during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. In the Company's consolidated statement of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2024, such $30 million is included in business acquisitions, net of cash acquired, with a corresponding offset in other investing activities.
The acquisitions preliminarily resulted in goodwill of $154 million, all of which is deductible for tax purposes. The acquisitions also preliminarily resulted in $95 million of customer-related intangible assets.
Acquisition of select assets of Lenco Diagnostic Laboratories, Inc. ("Lenco")
On February 12, 2024, the Company acquired select assets of Lenco, an independent clinical diagnostic laboratory provider serving physicians in New York, in an all-cash transaction for $111 million. Based on the preliminary purchase price allocation, which may be revised as additional information becomes available during the measurement period, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed primarily consist of $75 million of tax-deductible goodwill, $43 million of customer-related intangible assets and $7 million of operating lease liabilities. The intangible assets are being amortized over a useful life of 15 years.
Acquisition of select assets of PathAI Diagnostics
On June 10, 2024, the Company acquired select assets of PathAI Diagnostics, a business that provides anatomic and digital pathology laboratory services, in an all-cash transaction for $100 million. Based on the preliminary purchase price allocation, which may be revised as additional information becomes available during the measurement period, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed primarily consist of $55 million of tax-deductible goodwill, $39 million of customer-related intangible assets, $17 million of finance lease assets (recorded in property, plant and equipment, net on the Company's consolidated balance sheet), $17 million of related finance lease liabilities (recorded in long-term debt on the Company's consolidated balance sheet), $17 million of operating lease assets, $17 million of operating lease liabilities, $4 million of additional property, plant and equipment, and $2 million of inventories. The intangible assets are being amortized over a useful life of 15 years.
The acquisitions were accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. As such, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded based on their estimated fair values as of the closing dates. Supplemental pro forma combined financial information has not been presented as the impact of the acquisitions is not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements. The goodwill recorded primarily includes the expected synergies resulting from combining the operations of the acquired entity with those of the Company and the value associated with an assembled workforce and other intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition. All of the goodwill acquired in connection with the acquisitions has been allocated to the Company's DIS business. For further details regarding business segment information, see Note 12.
During June 2024, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to acquire select assets of the laboratory services business of Allina Health, which serves providers and patients in Minnesota and Wisconsin. The transaction, which is expected to close during the three months ended September 30, 2024, remains subject to customary closing conditions.
Additionally, during June 2024, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to acquire select assets of the laboratory services business of OhioHealth, which serves providers and patients in Ohio. The transaction, which is expected to close during the three months ended September 30, 2024, remains subject to customary closing conditions.
For details regarding the Company's 2023 acquisitions, see Note 6 to the audited consolidated financial statements in the Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, unless otherwise indicated)
6. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table provides a summary of the recognized assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

|  |  | Basis of Fair Value Measurements
|  |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets/Liabilities |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs
June 30, 2024 | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred compensation trading securities | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies | 61 |  |  | — |  |  | 61 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 136 |  |  | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred compensation liabilities | $ | 141 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 141 |  |  | $ | — |
Contingent consideration | 110 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 110 |
Total | $ | 251 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 141 |  |  | $ | 110 |
Redeemable noncontrolling interest | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 79 |

|  |  | Basis of Fair Value Measurements
December 31, 2023 | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred compensation trading securities | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies | 55 |  |  | — |  |  | 55 |  |  | — |
Available-for-sale debt securities | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Total | $ | 127 |  |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 2 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred compensation liabilities | $ | 131 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 131 |  |  | $ | — |
Contingent consideration | 104 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 104 |
Total | $ | 235 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 131 |  |  | $ | 104 |
Redeemable noncontrolling interest | $ | 76 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 76 |

A detailed description regarding the Company's fair value measurements is contained in Note 8 to the audited consolidated financial statements in the Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The Company offers certain employees the opportunity to participate in a non-qualified supplemental deferred compensation plan. A participant's deferrals, together with Company matching credits, are invested in a variety of participant-directed stock and bond mutual funds that are classified as trading securities. The trading securities are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because the changes in the fair value of these securities are measured using quoted prices in active markets based on the market price per unit multiplied by the number of units held, exclusive of any transaction costs. A
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(unaudited)
(in millions, unless otherwise indicated)
corresponding adjustment for changes in fair value of the trading securities is also reflected in the changes in fair value of the deferred compensation obligation. The deferred compensation liabilities are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because their inputs are derived principally from observable market data by correlation to the trading securities.
The Company offers certain employees the opportunity to participate in a non-qualified deferred compensation program. A participant's deferrals, together with Company matching credits, are “invested” at the direction of the employee in a hypothetical portfolio of investments which are tracked by an administrator. The Company purchases life insurance policies, with the Company named as beneficiary of the policies, for the purpose of funding the program's liability. Changes in the cash surrender value of the life insurance policies are based upon earnings and changes in the value of the underlying investments. Changes in the fair value of the deferred compensation obligation are derived using quoted prices in active markets based on the market price per unit multiplied by the number of units. The cash surrender value and the deferred compensation obligation are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because their inputs are derived principally from observable market data by correlation to the hypothetical investments. Deferrals under the plan currently may only be made by participants who made deferrals under the plan in 2017.
The Company's available-for-sale debt securities are measured at fair value using discounted cash flows. These fair value measurements are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as the fair value is based on significant inputs that are not observable. Significant inputs include cash flows projections and a discount rate.
During June 2023, the Company acquired Haystack Oncology, Inc. ("Haystack"), an early-stage oncology company focused on minimal residual disease testing to aid in the detection of residual or recurring cancer and better inform therapy decisions. In connection with the acquisition there is a contingent consideration obligation under which the seller can receive up to $100 million of additional consideration dependent upon the achievement of certain revenue benchmarks through 2028 and up to an additional $50 million of consideration dependent upon the Company receiving reimbursement coverage from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services ("CMS"). The portion of the contingent consideration obligation which is dependent upon the achievement of certain revenue benchmarks was measured at fair value using a Monte Carlo method and is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as the fair value is determined based on significant inputs that are not observable. Significant inputs include management’s estimate of revenue and other market inputs, including comparable company revenue volatility (40%) and a discount rate (10.5%). The portion of the contingent consideration obligation which is dependent upon the Company receiving reimbursement coverage from the CMS is also classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as the fair value is principally determined based on management's estimate, which is a significant input that is not observable. Additionally, the fair value of the entire contingent consideration obligation is also impacted by a market discount rate (5%) which adjusts the estimated payments to present value. The fair value of the contingent consideration obligation is not overly sensitive to movements in the comparable company revenue volatility or the discount rate used for the portion of the obligation that is dependent upon the achievement of certain revenue benchmarks. For example, changing the comparable company revenue volatility from 40% to 30% impacts the fair value by $8 million (assuming no other inputs are modified) and changing the discount rate from 10.5% to 7.0% impacts the fair value by $5 million (assuming no other inputs are modified).
The Company has additional contingent consideration obligations in connection with other acquisitions. The liabilities related to such obligations are included in the amounts below.
The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of liabilities using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):

| Contingent Consideration |  |  |  |
Balance, December 31, 2023 | $ | 104 |  |  |  |  |
Purchases, additions and issuances | 6 |  |  |  |  |
Settlements | (6) |  |  |  |  |
Total fair value adjustments included in earnings - realized/unrealized | 6 |  |  |  |  |
Balance, June 30, 2024 | $ | 110 |  |  |  |  |

The $6 million net loss included in earnings associated with the change in the fair value of contingent consideration for
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(unaudited)
(in millions, unless otherwise indicated)
the six months ended June 30, 2024 is reported in other operating expense, net.
Of the aggregate $110 million contingent consideration obligation as of June 30, 2024, $82 million and $28 million were included in other liabilities and accounts payable and accrued expenses, respectively, in the Company's consolidated balance sheet. Of the aggregate $104 million contingent consideration obligation as of December 31, 2023, $99 million and $5 million were included in other liabilities and accounts payable and accrued expenses, respectively, in the Company's consolidated balance sheet.
In connection with the sale of an 18.9% noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary to UMass Memorial Medical Center ("UMass") on July 1, 2015, the Company granted UMass the right to require the Company to purchase all of its interest in the subsidiary at fair value commencing July 1, 2020. As of June 30, 2024, the redeemable noncontrolling interest was presented at its fair value. The fair value measurement of the redeemable noncontrolling interest is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because the fair value is based on a discounted cash flow analysis that takes into account, among other items, the joint venture's expected future cash flows, long term growth rates, and a discount rate commensurate with economic risk.
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value based on the short maturities of these instruments. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair value of the Company’s debt was estimated at $4.3 billion and $4.6 billion, respectively. Principally all of the Company's debt is classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because the fair value of the debt is estimated based on rates currently offered to the Company with identical terms and maturities, using quoted active market prices and yields, taking into account the underlying terms of the debt instruments.
7. DEBT
During the three months ended June 30, 2024, the Company repaid in full the outstanding indebtedness under the Company's $300 million of 4.25% senior notes which matured on April 1, 2024.
The Company has $600 million of 3.50% senior notes due March 2025. The senior notes are included in current portion of long-term debt in the Company's June 30, 2024 consolidated balance sheet. Such notes were included in long-term debt in the Company's December 31, 2023 consolidated balance sheet. For further details, see Note 14 to the audited consolidated financial statements in the Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
8. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Company uses derivative financial instruments, from time to time, to manage its exposure to market risks for changes in interest rates and foreign currencies. This strategy includes the use of interest rate swap agreements, forward-starting interest rate swap agreements, interest rate lock agreements and foreign currency forward contracts to manage its exposure to movements in interest and currency rates. The Company has established policies and procedures for risk assessment and the approval, reporting and monitoring of derivative financial instrument activities. These policies prohibit holding or issuing derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes. The Company does not enter into derivative financial instruments that contain credit-risk-related contingent features or requirements to post collateral.
Interest Rate Risk
The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on its cash and cash equivalents and its debt obligations. Interest income earned on cash and cash equivalents may fluctuate as interest rates change; however, due to their relatively short maturities, the Company does not hedge these assets or their investment cash flows and the impact of interest rate risk is not material. The Company's debt obligations consist of fixed-rate and, from time to time, variable-rate debt instruments. The Company's primary objective is to achieve the lowest overall cost of funding while managing the variability in cash outflows within an acceptable range. In order to achieve this objective, the Company has historically entered into interest rate swap agreements.
Interest rate swaps involve the periodic exchange of payments without the exchange of underlying principal or notional amounts. Net settlements between the counterparties are recognized as an adjustment to interest expense, net.
Interest Rate Derivatives – Cash Flow Hedges
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(unaudited)
(in millions, unless otherwise indicated)
From time to time, the Company has entered into various interest rate lock agreements and forward-starting interest rate swap agreements to hedge part of the Company's interest rate exposure associated with the variability in future cash flows attributable to changes in interest rates.
Interest Rate Derivatives – Fair Value Hedges
Historically, the Company has entered into various fixed-to-variable interest rate swap agreements in order to convert a portion of the Company's long-term debt into variable interest rate debt. All such fixed-to-variable interest rate swap agreements have been terminated and proceeds from the terminations have been reflected as basis adjustments to the hedged debt instruments and are being amortized as a reduction of interest expense, net over the remaining terms of such debt instruments.
As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the following amounts were recorded on the consolidated balance sheets related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges included in the carrying amount of long-term debt:

|  |  |  |  | Hedge Accounting Basis Adjustment (a)
Balance Sheet Classification |  |  |  | June 30, 2024 |  |  |  | December 31, 2023
Long-term debt |  |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  |  |  | $ | 13 |

(a) As of both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the entire balance is associated with remaining unamortized hedging adjustments on discontinued relationships.
A detailed description regarding the Company's use of derivative financial instruments is contained in Note 16 to the audited consolidated financial statements in the Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
9. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST
Stockholders' Equity
Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss by Component
Comprehensive income (loss) includes:
•Foreign currency translation adjustments;
•Net deferred gains (losses) on cash flow hedges, which represent deferred gains (losses), net of tax, on interest rate-related derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges, net of amounts reclassified to interest expense (see Note 8); and
•Net changes in available-for-sale debt securities, which represent unrealized holding gains (losses), net of tax, on available-for-sale debt securities.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the tax effects related to the deferred gains (losses) on cash flow hedges and net changes in available-for-sale debt securities were not material. Foreign currency translation adjustments related to indefinite investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries are not adjusted for income taxes.
Dividend Program
During each of the first and second quarters of 2024, the Company's Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.75 per common share. During each of the four quarters of 2023, the Company's Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.71 per common share.
Share Repurchase Program
As of June 30, 2024, $1.0 billion remained available under the Company’s share repurchase authorization. The share repurchase authorization has no set expiration or termination date.
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(unaudited)
(in millions, unless otherwise indicated)
Share Repurchases
For both the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company repurchased no shares of its common stock.
Shares Reissued from Treasury Stock
For the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company reissued 0.7 million shares and 0.9 million shares, respectively, from treasury stock under its Employee Stock Purchase Plan and its stock-based compensation program. For details regarding the Company's stock ownership and compensation plans, see Note 18 to the audited consolidated financial statements in the Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
In connection with the sale of an 18.9% noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary to UMass on July 1, 2015, the Company granted UMass the right to require the Company to purchase all of its interest in the subsidiary at fair value commencing July 1, 2020. The subsidiary performs diagnostic information services in a defined territory within the state of Massachusetts. Since the redemption of the noncontrolling interest is outside of the Company's control, it has been presented outside of stockholders' equity at the greater of its carrying amount or its fair value. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the redeemable noncontrolling interest was presented at its fair value. For further details regarding the fair value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest, see Note 6.
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(unaudited)
(in millions, unless otherwise indicated)
10. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW AND OTHER DATA
Supplemental cash flow and other data for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was as follows:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Depreciation expense | $ | 88 |  |  | $ | 84 |  |  | $ | 175 |  |  | $ | 165 |
Amortization expense | 29 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 54 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | $ | 117 |  |  | $ | 112 |  |  | $ | 233 |  |  | $ | 219 |
Interest expense | $ | (47) |  |  | $ | (39) |  |  | $ | (96) |  |  | $ | (76) |
Interest income | 3 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 4 |
Interest expense, net | $ | (44) |  |  | $ | (37) |  |  | $ | (87) |  |  | $ | (72) |
Interest paid | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 105 |  |  | $ | 80 |
Income taxes paid | $ | 115 |  |  | $ | 101 |  |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 134 |
Accounts payable associated with capital expenditures | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 29 |
Dividends payable | $ | 84 |  |  | $ | 81 |  |  | $ | 84 |  |  | $ | 81 |
Businesses acquired: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value of assets acquired | $ | 134 |  |  | $ | 703 |  |  | $ | 289 |  |  | $ | 734 |
Fair value of liabilities assumed | 34 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 36 |
Fair value of net assets acquired | 100 |  |  | 667 |  |  | 248 |  |  | 698 |
Merger consideration payable | 6 |  |  | (88) |  |  | — |  |  | (88) |
Cash paid for business acquisitions | 106 |  |  | 579 |  |  | 248 |  |  | 610 |
Less: Cash acquired | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 578 |  |  | $ | 248 |  |  | $ | 609 |
Leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities | $ | 52 |  |  | $ | 57 |  |  | $ | 87 |  |  | $ | 101 |

During the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, other financing activities, net in the Company's consolidated statement of cash flows included changes in bank overdrafts, which are generally settled in cash in the short term, of $(38) million and $(26) million, respectively.
11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Letters of Credit
The Company can issue letters of credit under its $525 million secured receivables credit facility and its $750 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility. For further discussion regarding the facilities, see Note 14 to the audited consolidated financial statements in the Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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(unaudited)
(in millions, unless otherwise indicated)
In support of its risk management program, $73 million in letters of credit under the $525 million secured receivables credit facility were outstanding as of June 30, 2024, providing collateral for current and future automobile liability and workers’ compensation loss payments.
Contingent Lease Obligations
The Company remains subject to contingent obligations under certain real estate leases for which no liability has been recorded. For further details, see Note 19 to the audited consolidated financial statements in the Company’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Certain Legal Matters
The Company may incur losses associated with these proceedings and investigations, but it is not possible to estimate the amount of loss or range of loss, if any, that might result from adverse judgments, settlements, fines, penalties, or other resolution of these proceedings and investigations based on the stage of these proceedings and investigations, the absence of specific allegations as to alleged damages, the uncertainty as to the certification of a class or classes and the size of any certified class, if applicable, and/or the lack of resolution of significant factual and legal issues. The Company has insurance coverage rights in place (limited in amount; subject to deductible) for certain potential costs and liabilities related to these proceedings and investigations.
In 2020, two putative class action lawsuits were filed in the U.S. District Court for New Jersey against the Company and other defendants with respect to the Company’s 401(k) plan. The complaint alleges, among other things, that the fiduciaries of the 401(k) plan breached their duties by failing to disclose the expenses and risks of plan investment options, allowing unreasonable administration expenses to be charged to plan participants, and selecting and retaining high cost and poor performing investments. In October 2020, the court consolidated the two lawsuits under the caption In re: Quest Diagnostics ERISA Litigation and plaintiffs filed a consolidated amended complaint. In May 2021, the court denied the Company's motion to dismiss the complaint. Discovery has been completed. Plaintiffs' motion for class certification and the Company's motion for summary judgment are pending.
On June 3, 2019, the Company reported that Retrieval-Masters Creditors Bureau, Inc./American Medical Collection Agency (“AMCA”) had informed the Company and Optum360 LLC that an unauthorized user had access to AMCA’s system between August 1, 2018 and March 30, 2019 (the “AMCA Data Security Incident”). Optum360 provides revenue management services to the Company, and AMCA provided debt collection services to Optum360. AMCA first informed the Company of the AMCA Data Security Incident on May 14, 2019. AMCA’s affected system included financial information (e.g., credit card numbers and bank account information), medical information and other personal information (e.g., social security numbers). Test results were not included. Neither Optum360’s nor the Company’s systems or databases were involved in the incident. AMCA also informed the Company that information pertaining to other laboratories’ customers was also affected. Following announcement of the AMCA Data Security Incident, AMCA sought protection under the U.S. bankruptcy laws. The bankruptcy proceeding has been dismissed.
Numerous putative class action lawsuits were filed against the Company related to the AMCA Data Security Incident. The U.S. Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation transferred the cases that were then still pending to, and consolidated them for pre-trial proceedings in, the U.S. District Court for New Jersey. In November 2019, the plaintiffs in the multidistrict proceeding filed a consolidated putative class action complaint against the Company and Optum360 that named additional individuals as plaintiffs and that asserted a variety of common law and statutory claims in connection with the AMCA Data Security Incident. In January 2020, the Company moved to dismiss the consolidated complaint; the motion to dismiss was granted in part and denied in part. Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint, which the Company also moved to dismiss. The motion was granted in part and denied in part. Discovery is proceeding.
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(unaudited)
(in millions, unless otherwise indicated)
In addition, a group of state attorney general offices are investigating the Company in connection with the AMCA Data Security Incident. The Company is cooperating with the investigation.
ReproSource Fertility Diagnostics, Inc. (“ReproSource”), a subsidiary of the Company, is subject to two putative class action lawsuits related to a data security incident that occurred in August 2021 in which plaintiffs allege that an unauthorized party accessed or acquired protected health information and personally identifiable information of ReproSource patients. Bickham v. ReproSource Fertility Diagnostics, Inc. is pending in the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts (the "Massachusetts District Court"), and Trouville v. ReproSource Fertility Diagnostics, Inc., which was originally filed in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of California, has now been transferred to the Massachusetts District Court. A third case filed in the Massachusetts District Court, Gordon v. ReproSource Fertility Diagnostics, Inc., was consolidated into the Bickham case. The Bickham and Trouville complaints seek to represent a class of all individuals potentially impacted by the August 2021 data security incident, and generally allege that ReproSource, among other claims, failed to adequately safeguard patients’ private information.
On January 10, 2024, ReproSource agreed to settle the Bickham case on a class-wide basis. The settlement is pending approval by the District Court. If approved, ReproSource will receive a full release for all claims that the settlement class might possess arising out of the August 2021 data security incident. The Company’s motion to stay the Trouville case was granted.
The Company is subject to a putative class action entitled Cole, et al. v Quest Diagnostics Incorporated, which was filed in the U. S. District Court for the Eastern District of California, for allegedly conspiring with Facebook to track customers’ internet communications on Company web platforms without authorization, in violation of the California Invasion of Privacy Act and the California Confidentiality of Medical Information Act . The complaint alleged that the Company’s actions were an invasion of privacy and contributed to a loss of value in plaintiffs’ personally identifiable information. The Company moved to dismiss the case or, in the alternative, transfer venue to the U.S. District Court for New Jersey. Subsequently, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint, which the Company also moved to dismiss. The Company's motion to transfer the case was granted. The Company refiled its motion to dismiss with the New Jersey District Court, which was granted in part and denied in part.
As previously disclosed, in August 2011, the Company had received a subpoena from the U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of Georgia seeking various business records, including records related to the Company's compliance program, certain marketing materials, certain product offerings, and certain test ordering and other policies. The Company cooperated with the request. In 2021, a third amended complaint in a qui tam action filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia was unsealed, which is related to the matter underlying the August 2011 subpoena. Both the U.S. Department of Justice and the State of Georgia declined to intervene in the action. The Company moved to dismiss the complaint and the complaint was dismissed without prejudice in August 2022. The relator subsequently filed a fourth amended complaint. The Company has moved to dismiss the fourth amended complaint.
The Company also received subpoenas from the U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey. The subpoenas seek various records relating to the Company’s relationship with the New York Giants and adherence to certain company policies and federal laws. The Company is cooperating with the investigation.
Other Legal Matters
In the normal course of business, the Company has been named, from time to time, as a defendant in various legal actions, including arbitrations, class actions and other litigation, arising in connection with the Company's activities as a provider of diagnostic testing, information and services. These actions could involve claims for substantial compensatory and/or punitive damages or claims for indeterminate amounts of damages, and could have an adverse impact on the Company's client base and reputation.
The Company is also involved, from time to time, in other reviews, investigations and proceedings by governmental agencies regarding the Company's business which may result in adverse judgments, settlements, fines, penalties, injunctions or other relief.
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(unaudited)
(in millions, unless otherwise indicated)
The federal or state governments may bring claims based on the Company's current practices, which it believes are lawful. In addition, certain federal and state statutes, including the qui tam provisions of the federal False Claims Act, allow private individuals to bring lawsuits against healthcare companies on behalf of government or private payers. The Company is aware of lawsuits, and from time to time has received subpoenas, related to billing or other practices based on the False Claims Act or other federal and state statutes, regulations or other laws. The Company understands that there may be other pending qui tam claims brought by former employees or other "whistleblowers" as to which the Company cannot determine the extent of any potential liability.
Management cannot predict the outcome of such matters. Although management does not anticipate that the ultimate outcome of such matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, given the high degree of judgment involved in establishing loss estimates related to these types of matters, the outcome of such matters may be material to the Company's consolidated results of operations or cash flows in the period in which the impact of such matters is determined or paid.
These matters are in different stages. Some of these matters are in their early stages. Matters may involve responding to and cooperating with various government investigations and related subpoenas. As of June 30, 2024, the Company does not believe that material losses related to legal matters are probable.
Reserves for legal matters totaled $5 million and $6 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Reserves for General and Professional Liability Claims
As a general matter, providers of clinical testing services may be subject to lawsuits alleging negligence or other similar legal claims. These suits could involve claims for substantial damages. Any professional liability litigation could also have an adverse impact on the Company's client base and reputation. The Company maintains various liability insurance coverages for, among other things, claims that could result from providing, or failing to provide, clinical testing services, including inaccurate testing results, and other exposures. The Company's insurance coverage limits its maximum exposure on individual claims; however, the Company is essentially self-insured for a significant portion of these claims.
The Company is subject to a series of individual claims brought by persons in Ireland related to allegations stemming from pap smear screening services performed by the Company. In general, claimants have alleged that the results of certain pap smear screening tests performed by the Company and other providers, pursuant to a program coordinated by the Irish government, were incorrect for individuals who were later diagnosed with cervical cancer. The Irish government and an independent scoping inquiry commissioned by the Irish government found that the Company’s performance of its screening services for the Irish cervical cancer screening program were in accordance with both Ireland’s requirements and international standards. The Company has settled claims made by certain individuals, is a party in multiple lawsuits and may be served as a party in additional lawsuits. The Company does not believe that the resolution of existing or future claims will have a material adverse effect on its financial position or liquidity, but the ultimate outcomes of these claims are unpredictable and subject to significant uncertainties.
Reserves for general and professional liability claims matters, including those associated with both asserted and incurred but not reported claims, are established on an undiscounted basis by considering actuarially determined losses based upon the Company's historical and projected loss experience. Such reserves totaled $165 million and $173 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
While the basis for claims reserves is actuarially determined losses based upon the Company's historical and projected loss experience, the process of analyzing, assessing and establishing reserve estimates relative to these types of claims involves a high degree of judgment. Although the Company believes that its present reserves and insurance coverage are sufficient to cover currently estimated exposures, it is possible that the Company may incur liabilities in excess of its recorded reserves or insurance coverage. Changes in the facts and circumstances associated with claims could have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations (principally costs of services), cash flows and financial condition in the period that reserve estimates are adjusted or paid.
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(unaudited)
(in millions, unless otherwise indicated)
12. BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company's DIS business is the only reportable segment based on the manner in which the Chief Executive Officer, who is the Company's CODM, assesses performance and allocates resources across the organization. The DIS business provides diagnostic information services to a broad range of customers within its primary customer channels - physicians, hospitals, and patients and consumers. The DIS business accounted for greater than 95% of net revenues in 2024 and 2023.
All other operating segments include the Company's DS businesses, which consist of its risk assessment services and healthcare information technology businesses. The Company's DS businesses offer solutions for insurers and offer solutions for healthcare providers and payers.
As of June 30, 2024, substantially all of the Company’s services were provided within the United States, and substantially all of the Company’s assets were located within the United States.
The following table is a summary of segment information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. Segment asset information is not presented since it is not used by the CODM at the operating segment level. Operating earnings (loss) of each segment represents net revenues less directly identifiable expenses to arrive at operating income (loss) for the segment. General corporate activities included in the table below are comprised of general management and administrative corporate expenses, amortization and impairment of intangible assets and other operating income and expenses, net of certain general corporate activity costs that are allocated to the DIS and DS businesses. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those of the Company as set forth in Note 2 to the audited consolidated financial statements contained in the Company’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Note 2 to the interim unaudited consolidated financial statements.

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Net revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
DIS business | $ | 2,333 |  |  | $ | 2,268 |  |  | $ | 4,631 |  |  | $ | 4,527 |
All other operating segments | 64 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 132 |  |  | 142 |
Total net revenues | $ | 2,397 |  |  | $ | 2,338 |  |  | $ | 4,763 |  |  | $ | 4,669 |
Operating earnings (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
DIS business | $ | 420 |  |  | $ | 410 |  |  | $ | 793 |  |  | $ | 784 |
All other operating segments | 8 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 18 |
General corporate activities | (73) |  |  | (72) |  |  | (155) |  |  | (149) |
Total operating income | 355 |  |  | 348 |  |  | 655 |  |  | 653 |
Non-operating expense, net | (41) |  |  | (31) |  |  | (75) |  |  | (59) |
Income before income taxes and equity in earnings of equity method investees | 314 |  |  | 317 |  |  | 580 |  |  | 594 |
Income tax expense | (74) |  |  | (75) |  |  | (140) |  |  | (140) |
Equity in earnings of equity method investees, net of taxes | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 12 |
Net income | 240 |  |  | 249 |  |  | 448 |  |  | 466 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 11 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 29 |
Net income attributable to Quest Diagnostics | $ | 229 |  |  | $ | 235 |  |  | $ | 423 |  |  | $ | 437 |

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(unaudited)
(in millions, unless otherwise indicated)
13. REVENUE RECOGNITION
DIS
Net revenues in the Company’s DIS business accounted for over 95% of the Company’s total net revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 and are primarily comprised of a high volume of relatively low-dollar transactions. The DIS business, which provides clinical testing services and other services, satisfies its performance obligations and recognizes revenues primarily upon completion of the testing process (when results are reported) or when services have been rendered. The Company estimates the amount of consideration it expects to be entitled to receive from payer customer groups in exchange for providing services using the portfolio approach. These estimates include the impact of contractual allowances (including payer denials), and patient price concessions. The portfolios determined using the portfolio approach consist of the following groups of payer customers: healthcare insurers, government payers (Medicare and Medicaid programs), client payers and patients.
For further details regarding revenue recognition in the Company's DIS business, see Note 3 to the audited consolidated financial statements in the Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
DS
The Company’s DS businesses primarily satisfy their performance obligations and recognize revenues when delivery has occurred or services have been rendered.
Net Revenue and Net Accounts Receivable by Payer Customer Type
The approximate percentage of net revenue by type of payer customer was as follows:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |
Healthcare insurers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fee-for-service | 36 | % |  | 37 | % |  | 36 | % |  | 37 | % |  |
Capitated | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  |
Total healthcare insurers | 39 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 40 |  |  |
Government payers | 11 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 12 |  |  |
Client payers | 33 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 33 |  |  |
Patients (including coinsurance and deductible responsibilities) | 14 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 12 |  |  |
Total DIS | 97 |  |  | 97 |  |  | 97 |  |  | 97 |  |  |
DS | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  |
Net revenues | 100 | % |  | 100 | % |  | 100 | % |  | 100 | % |  |

The approximate percentage of net accounts receivable by type of payer customer was as follows:

| June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Healthcare Insurers | 26 | % |  | 24 | %
Government Payers | 7 |  |  | 7 |
Client Payers | 42 |  |  | 45 |
Patients (including coinsurance and deductible responsibilities) | 22 |  |  | 20 |
Total DIS | 97 |  |  | 96 |
DS | 3 |  |  | 4 |
Net accounts receivable | 100 | % |  | 100 | %

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QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, unless otherwise indicated)
14. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
During July 2024, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to acquire all of the outstanding shares of LifeLabs Inc. and all of the partnership interests of BPC Lab Finance LP (collectively "LifeLabs") for a cash purchase price based on a value of approximately C$1.35 billion Canadian Dollars (approximately $985 million U.S. Dollars), including net debt, subject to customary purchase price adjustments. LifeLabs provides laboratory diagnostic information and digital health connectivity systems in Canada. The closing of the acquisition is subject to certain closing conditions, including obtaining consents from certain key customers of LifeLabs, obtaining clearance under the Competition Act (Canada), and there not being any notice or order in effect under the Investment Canada Act which prohibits closing. The transaction is expected to close by the end of 2024, subject to satisfaction of certain closing conditions and approvals, including receipt of the consents and closing conditions described above. The Company expects to fund the acquisition through cash on hand and debt.
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Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Our Company
Diagnostic Information Services
Quest Diagnostics works across the healthcare ecosystem to create a healthier world, one life at a time. Our diagnostic information services ("DIS") business provides diagnostic insights from the results of our laboratory testing to empower people, physicians, and organizations to take action to improve health outcomes. Derived from one of the world's largest databases of de-identifiable clinical lab results, our diagnostic insights reveal new avenues to identify and treat disease, inspire healthy behaviors and improve healthcare management. In the right hands and with the right context, our diagnostic insights can inspire actions that transform lives and create a healthier world. We provide services to a broad range of customers within our primary customer channels - physicians (including those associated with accountable care organizations and Federally Qualified Health Centers), hospitals, and patients and consumers. Our other customers include health plans, employers, emerging retail healthcare providers, government agencies, pharmaceutical companies and other commercial clinical laboratories. We offer broad access to clinical testing through a nationwide network of laboratories, patient service centers, phlebotomists in physician offices, and our connectivity resources, including call centers and mobile phlebotomists, nurses and other health and wellness professionals. Our large in-house staff of medical and scientific experts, including medical directors, scientific directors, genetic counselors and board-certified geneticists, provide medical and scientific consultation to healthcare providers and patients regarding our tests and test results, and help them best utilize our services to improve outcomes and enhance satisfaction. Our DIS business makes up greater than 95% of our consolidated net revenues.
We assess our revenue performance for our DIS business based upon, among other factors, volume (measured by test requisitions) and revenue per requisition. Each test requisition accompanies patient specimens, indicating the test(s) to be performed and the party to be billed for the test(s). Revenue per requisition is impacted by various factors, including, among other items, the impact of fee schedule changes (i.e., unit price), test mix, payer mix, business mix and the number of tests per requisition. Management uses number of requisitions and revenue per requisition data to assist with assessing the growth and performance of the business, including understanding trends affecting number of requisitions, pricing and test mix. Therefore, we believe that information related to changes in these metrics from period to period are useful information for investors as it allows them to assess the performance of the business.
Diagnostic Solutions
Our Diagnostic Solutions ("DS") group, which represents the balance of our consolidated net revenues, includes our risk assessment services business, which offers solutions for insurers, and our healthcare information technology businesses, which offer solutions for healthcare providers and payers.
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Second Quarter Highlights

| Three Months Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |
| (dollars in millions, except per share data)
Net revenues | $2,397 |  | $2,338 |
DIS revenues | $2,333 |  | $2,268 |
Revenue per requisition change | 1.6% |  | (4.9)% |
Requisition volume change | 1.1% |  | 0.2% |
Organic requisition volume change | 0.7% |  | (0.3)% |
DS revenues | $64 |  | $70 |
Operating income | $355 |  | $348 |
Net income attributable to Quest Diagnostics | $229 |  | $235 |
Diluted earnings per share | $2.03 |  | $2.05 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | $360 |  | $444 |
Capital expenditures | $92 |  | $104 |

For further discussion of the year-over-year changes for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023, see "Results of Operations" below.
Acquisition of select assets of Lenco Diagnostic Laboratories, Inc. ("Lenco")
On February 12, 2024, we acquired select assets of Lenco, an independent clinical diagnostic laboratory provider serving physicians in New York, in an all-cash transaction for $111 million. The acquired business is included in our DIS business.
Acquisition of select assets of PathAI Diagnostics
On June 10, 2024, we acquired select assets of PathAI Diagnostics, a business that provides anatomic and digital pathology laboratory services, in an all-cash transaction for $100 million. The acquired business is included in our DIS business.
For further details, see Note 5 to the interim unaudited consolidated financial statements.
Invigorate Program
We are engaged in a multi-year program called Invigorate, which includes structured plans to drive savings and improve productivity across the value chain, including in such areas as patient services, logistics and laboratory operations, revenue services, information technology and procurement. The Invigorate program aims to deliver 3% annual cost savings and productivity improvements to partially offset pressures from the current inflationary environment, including labor and benefit cost increases and reimbursement pressures. We are leveraging automation and artificial intelligence to improve productivity and also improve quality across our entire value chain, not just in the laboratory. Other areas of focus include reducing denials and patient concessions, enhancing the digital experience, and selecting and retaining talent.
For the six months ended June 30, 2024, we incurred $27 million of pre-tax charges in connection with restructuring and integration activities, including $14 million of employee separation costs, with the remainder primarily consisting of integration costs. Most of the charges will result in cash expenditures. Additional restructuring and integration charges may be incurred in future periods, including as we identify additional opportunities to achieve further savings and productivity improvements.
Critical Accounting Policies
There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies from those disclosed in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Impact of New Accounting Standards
The adoption of new accounting standards, if any, is discussed in Note 2 to the interim unaudited consolidated financial statements.
The impact of recent accounting pronouncements not yet effective on our consolidated financial statements, if any, is also discussed in Note 2 to the interim unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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Results of Operations
The following tables set forth certain results of operations data for the periods presented:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
| (dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Net revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
DIS business | $ | 2,333 |  |  | $ | 2,268 |  |  | $ | 65 |  |  | 2.8 | % |  | $ | 4,631 |  |  | $ | 4,527 |  |  | $ | 104 |  |  | 2.3 | %
DS businesses | 64 |  |  | 70 |  |  | (6) |  |  | (8.8) |  |  | 132 |  |  | 142 |  |  | (10) |  |  | (6.9) |
Total net revenues | $ | 2,397 |  |  | $ | 2,338 |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | 2.5 | % |  | $ | 4,763 |  |  | $ | 4,669 |  |  | $ | 94 |  |  | 2.0 | %
Operating costs and expenses and other operating income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services | $ | 1,593 |  |  | $ | 1,546 |  |  | $ | 47 |  |  | 3.0 | % |  | $ | 3,188 |  |  | $ | 3,106 |  |  | $ | 82 |  |  | 2.6 | %
Selling, general and administrative | 416 |  |  | 416 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 856 |  |  | 855 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 0.1 |
Amortization of intangible assets | 29 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 8.1 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 8.6 |
Other operating expense, net | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | NM |  | 6 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 5 |  |  | NM
Total operating costs and expenses, net | $ | 2,042 |  |  | $ | 1,990 |  |  | $ | 52 |  |  | 2.6 | % |  | $ | 4,108 |  |  | $ | 4,016 |  |  | $ | 92 |  |  | 2.3 | %
Operating income | $ | 355 |  |  | $ | 348 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | 1.9 | % |  | $ | 655 |  |  | $ | 653 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | 0.2 | %
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net | $ | (44) |  |  | $ | (37) |  |  | $ | (7) |  |  | 18.6 | % |  | $ | (87) |  |  | $ | (72) |  |  | $ | (15) |  |  | 21.4 | %
Other income, net | 3 |  |  | 6 |  |  | (3) |  |  | NM |  | 12 |  |  | 13 |  |  | (1) |  |  | NM
Total non-operating expense, net | $ | (41) |  |  | $ | (31) |  |  | $ | (10) |  |  | NM |  | $ | (75) |  |  | $ | (59) |  |  | $ | (16) |  |  | NM
Income tax expense | $ | (74) |  |  | $ | (75) |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | (0.9) | % |  | $ | (140) |  |  | $ | (140) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 0.3 | %
Effective income tax rate | 23.4 | % |  | 23.5 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 24.2 | % |  | 23.5 | % |  |  |  |
Equity in earnings of equity method investees, net of taxes | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | (7) |  |  | (99.9) | % |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | (4) |  |  | (27.2) | %
Net income attributable to Quest Diagnostics | $ | 229 |  |  | $ | 235 |  |  | $ | (6) |  |  | (2.4) | % |  | $ | 423 |  |  | $ | 437 |  |  | $ | (14) |  |  | (3.1) | %
Diluted earnings per common share attributable to Quest Diagnostics' common stockholders | $ | 2.03 |  |  | $ | 2.05 |  |  | $ | (0.02) |  |  | (1.0) | % |  | $ | 3.75 |  |  | $ | 3.83 |  |  | $ | (0.08) |  |  | (2.1) | %
NM - Not Meaningful |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

The following table sets forth certain results of operations data as a percentage of net revenues for the periods presented:
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| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Net revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
DIS business | 97.3 | % |  | 97.0 | % |  | 97.2 | % |  | 97.0 | %
DS businesses | 2.7 |  |  | 3.0 |  |  | 2.8 |  |  | 3.0 |
Total net revenues | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %
Operating costs and expenses and other operating income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services | 66.5 | % |  | 66.1 | % |  | 67.0 | % |  | 66.5 | %
Selling, general and administrative | 17.4 |  |  | 17.8 |  |  | 18.0 |  |  | 18.3 |
Amortization of intangible assets | 1.2 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 1.2 |
Other operating expense, net | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |
Total operating costs and expenses, net | 85.2 | % |  | 85.1 | % |  | 86.3 | % |  | 86.0 | %
Operating income | 14.8 | % |  | 14.9 | % |  | 13.7 | % |  | 14.0 | %

Operating Results
Results for the three months ended June 30, 2024 were affected by certain items that on a net basis decreased diluted earnings per share by $0.32 as follows:
•pre-tax amortization expense of $29 million recorded in amortization of intangible assets, or $0.19 per diluted share;
•pre-tax charges of $10 million ($1 million recorded in cost of services and $9 million recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses), or $0.06 per diluted share, primarily associated with workforce reductions and integration costs incurred in connection with further restructuring and integrating our business;
•pre-tax charges of $9 million recorded in equity in earnings of equity method investees, net of taxes, or $0.05 per diluted share, representing net losses associated with changes in the carrying value of our strategic investments; and
•pre-tax charges of $4 million ($1 million recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses and $3 million recorded in other operating expense, net), or $0.03 per diluted share, primarily representing a loss associated with the increase in the fair value of the contingent consideration accrual associated with previous acquisitions; partially offset by
•excess tax benefits associated with stock-based compensation arrangements of $1 million recorded in income tax expense, or $0.01 per diluted share.
Results for the six months ended June 30, 2024 were affected by certain items that on a net basis decreased diluted earnings per share by $0.64 as follows:
•pre-tax amortization expense of $58 million recorded in amortization of intangible assets, or $0.39 per diluted share;
•pre-tax charges of $27 million ($14 million recorded in cost of services and $13 million recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses), or $0.17 per diluted share, primarily associated with workforce reductions and integration costs incurred in connection with further restructuring and integrating our business;
•pre-tax charges of $7 million ($1 million recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses and $6 million recorded in other operating expense, net), or $0.06 per diluted share, primarily representing a loss associated with the increase in the fair value of the contingent consideration accrual associated with previous acquisitions; and
•pre-tax charges of $9 million recorded in equity in earnings of equity method investees, net of taxes, or $0.05 per diluted share, representing net losses associated with changes in the carrying value of our strategic investments; partially offset by
•excess tax benefits associated with stock-based compensation arrangements of $3 million recorded in income tax expense, or $0.03 per diluted share.
Results for the three months ended June 30, 2023 were affected by certain items that on a net basis decreased diluted earnings per share by $0.25 as follows:
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•pre-tax amortization expense of $28 million recorded in amortization of intangible assets, or $0.18 per diluted share;
•pre-tax charges of $7 million recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses, or $0.05 per diluted share, primarily associated with workforce reductions and integration costs incurred in connection with further restructuring and integrating our business; and
•pre-tax charges of $6 million recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses, or $0.04 per diluted share, primarily representing the impairment of a corporate facility that was held for sale; partially offset by
•excess tax benefits associated with stock-based compensation arrangements of $2 million recorded in income tax expense, or $0.02 per diluted share.
Results for the six months ended June 30, 2023 were affected by certain items that on a net basis decreased diluted earnings per share by $0.51 as follows:
•pre-tax amortization expense of $54 million recorded in amortization of intangible assets, or $0.35 per diluted share;
•pre-tax charges of $26 million ($10 million recorded in cost of services and $16 million recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses), or $0.17 per diluted share, primarily associated with workforce reductions and integration costs incurred in connection with further restructuring and integrating our business;
•pre-tax charges of $6 million recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses, or $0.04 per diluted share, primarily representing the impairment of a corporate facility that was held for sale, and
•pre-tax charges of $3 million recorded in equity in earnings of equity method investees, net of taxes, or $0.02 per diluted share, representing net losses associated with changes in the carrying value of our strategic investments; partially offset by
•excess tax benefits associated with stock-based compensation arrangements of $7 million recorded in income tax expense, or $0.07 per diluted share.
Net Revenues
Net revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2024 increased by 2.5% compared to the prior year period.
DIS revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2024 increased by 2.8% compared to the prior year period.
For the three months ended June 30, 2024:
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•The increase in DIS revenues compared to the prior year period was driven primarily by growth in the base business (which excludes COVID-19 testing) and, to a lesser extent, the impact of recent acquisitions, partially offset by a decrease in COVID-19 testing. For the three months ended June 30, 2024, recent acquisitions contributed approximately 0.7% to DIS revenues.
•DIS volume increased by 1.1% compared to the prior year period driven primarily by growth in the base business and the impact of recent acquisitions, which contributed approximately 0.4% to DIS volume, partially offset by a decrease in COVID-19 testing.
•Revenue per requisition increased by 1.6% compared to the prior year period principally due to an increase in the number of tests per requisition and favorable test mix, partially offset by the impact of the decrease in COVID-19 testing and lower revenues associated with certain value-based arrangements.
•DIS revenues in the base business (including the impact of recent acquisitions) increased by 4.2% compared to the prior year period.
•Testing volume in the base business (including the impact of recent acquisitions) was up 1.7% compared to the prior year period.
•Revenue per requisition in the base business increased by 2.4% compared to the prior year period principally due to an increase in the number of tests per requisition and favorable test mix, partially offset by lower revenues associated with certain value-based arrangements.
DS revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2024 decreased by 8.8% compared to the prior year period due to lower revenues associated with both our risk assessment services offered to insurers and our healthcare information technology businesses.
Net revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2024 increased by 2.0% compared to the prior year period.
DIS revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2024 increased by 2.3% compared to the prior year period.
For the six months ended June 30, 2024:
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•The increase in DIS revenues compared to the prior year period was driven primarily by growth in the base business (which excludes COVID-19 testing) and, to a lesser extent, the impact of recent acquisitions, largely offset by a decrease in COVID-19 testing. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, recent acquisitions contributed approximately 0.8% to DIS revenues.
•DIS volume increased by 1.4% compared to the prior year period driven primarily by growth in the base business and the impact of recent acquisitions, which contributed approximately 0.5% to DIS volume, partially offset by a decrease in COVID-19 testing.
•Revenue per requisition increased by 0.9% compared to the prior year period principally due to an increase in the number of tests per requisition and favorable test mix, partially offset by the impact of the decrease in COVID-19 testing.
•DIS revenues in the base business (including the impact of recent acquisitions) increased by 5.1% compared to the prior year period.
•Testing volume in the base business (including the impact of recent acquisitions) was up 2.5% compared to the prior year period.
•Revenue per requisition in the base business increased by 2.5% compared to the prior year period principally due to an increase in the number of tests per requisition and favorable test mix.
DS revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2024 decreased by 6.9% compared to the prior year period due to lower revenues associated with both our risk assessment services offered to insurers and our healthcare information technology businesses.
Cost of Services
Cost of services consists principally of costs for obtaining, transporting and testing specimens as well as facility costs used for the delivery of our services.
For the three months ended June 30, 2024, cost of servi ce s increased by $47 million com pared to the prior year period. T he increase wa s primarily driven by wage increases, higher supplies expenses and, to a lesser extent, the impact of recent acquisitions, partially offset by cost savings and productivity improvements from our Invigorate program.
For the six months ended June 30, 2024, cost of servi ce s increased by $82 million com pared to the prior year period. T he increase wa s primarily driven by higher supplies expenses, wage increases, higher benefit costs and the impact of recent acquisitions, partially offset by cost savings and productivity improvements from our Invigorate program.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses ("SG&A")
SG&A consist principally of the costs associated with our sales and marketing efforts, billing operations, credit loss expense and general management and administrative support as well as administrative facility costs.
SG&A for the three months ended June 30, 2024 was consistent with the prior year period. The impact of recent acquisitions was offset by lower benefit costs.
SG&A for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was principally consistent with the prior year period. Increased depreciation expense and the impact of recent acquisitions was principally offset by lower marketing expenses and decreased benefit costs.
The changes in the value of our deferred compensation obligations is largely offset by changes in the value of the associated investments, which are recorded in other income, net. For further details regarding our deferred compensation plans, see Note 18 to the audited consolidated financial statements included in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Amortization Expense
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, amortization expen se increased by $1 million and $4 million, respectively, compared to the prior year periods, as a result of recent acquisitions.
Other Operating Expense, Net
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Other operating expense, net includes miscellaneous income and expense items and other charges related to operating activities.
For both the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, other operating expense, net primarily represents a loss associated with the increase in the fair value of the contingent consideration accrual associated with previous acquisitions.
Interest Expense, Net
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, interest expense, net increased by $7 million and $15 million, respectively, compared to the prior year periods primarily due to the issuance, during November 2023, of $750 million aggregate principal amount of 6.40% senior notes due 2033, partially offset by the repayment at maturity of our $300 million aggregate principal amount of 4.25% senior notes on April 1, 2024, and lower borrowings under our secured receivables credit facility.
Other Income, Net
Other income, net represents miscellaneous income and expense items related to non-operating activities, such as gains and losses associated with investments and other non-operating assets.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, other income, net included $3 million and $12 million, respectively, of gains associated with investments in our deferred compensation plans.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, other income, net included $6 million and $13 million, respectively, of gains associated with investments in our deferred compensation plans.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $74 million and $75 million, respectively.
The effective income tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was 23.4% and 23.5%, respectively. The effective income tax rate benefited from $1 million and $2 million of excess tax benefits associated with stock-based compensation arrangements for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $140 million for both periods.
The effective income tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was 24.2% and 23.5%, respectively. The effective income tax rate benefited from $3 million and $7 million of excess tax benefits associated with stock-based compensation arrangements for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Equity in Earnings of Equity Method Investees, Net of Taxes
Equity in earnings of equity method investees, net of taxes, decreased by $7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the prior year period primarily due to the three months ended June 30, 2024 including $9 million of net losses associated with changes in the carrying value of our strategic investments, partially offset by increased demand for testing services at our diagnostic information services joint venture.
Equity in earnings of equity method investees, net of taxes, decreased by $4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the prior year period primarily due to the six months ended June 30, 2024 including $9 million of net losses associated with changes in the carrying value of our strategic investments, partially offset by increased demand for testing services at our diagnostic information services joint venture.
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Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We address our exposure to market risks, principally the risk of changes in interest rates, through a controlled program of risk management that includes the use of derivative financial instruments. We do not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes. We seek to mitigate the variability in cash outflows that result from changes in interest rates by maintaining a balanced mix of fixed-rate and variable-rate debt obligations. In order to achieve this objective, we have historically entered into interest rate swap agreements. Interest rate swap agreements involve the periodic exchange of payments without the exchange of underlying principal or notional amounts. Net settlements are recognized as an adjustment to interest expense, net. We believe that our exposures to foreign exchange impacts and changes in commodity prices are not material to our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair value of our debt was estimated at approximately $4.3 billion and $4.6 billion, respectively, principally using quoted prices in active markets and yields for the same or similar types of borrowings, taking into account the underlying terms of the debt instruments. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the estimated fair value was less than the carrying value of the debt by $147 million and $127 million, respectively. A hypothetical 10% increase in interest rates (representing 51 basis points and 50 basis points as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively) would potentially reduce the estimated fair value of our debt by approximately $136 million and $139 million, respectively, as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Borrowings under our secured receivables credit facility and our senior unsecured revolving credit facility are subject to variable interest rates. Interest on our secured receivables credit facility is based on either commercial paper rates for highly-rated issuers or the adjusted Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("Term SOFR"), plus a spread. Interest on our senior unsecured revolving credit facility is based on certain published rates plus an applicable margin based on changes in our public debt ratings. As such, our borrowing cost under this credit arrangement is subject to fluctuations in interest rates and changes in our public debt ratings. As of June 30, 2024, the borrowing rates under these debt instruments were: for our secured receivables credit facility, commercial paper rates for highly-rated issuers or the adjusted Term SOFR, plus a spread of 0.80%; and for our senior unsecured revolving credit facility, the adjusted Term SOFR, plus 1.00%. As of June 30, 2024, there were no borrowings outstanding under the secured receivables credit facility and there were no borrowings outstanding under the senior unsecured revolving credit facility.
Based on our net exposure to interest rate changes, a hypothetical 10% change to the variable rate component of our variable rate indebtedness would not materially change our annual interest expense.
For further details regarding our outstanding debt, see Note 7 to the interim unaudited consolidated financial statements and Note 14 to the audited consolidated financial statements included in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For details regarding our financial instruments and hedging activities, see Note 8 to the interim unaudited consolidated financial statements and Note 16 to the audited consolidated financial statements included in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Risk Associated with Investment Portfolio
Our investment portfolio primarily includes equity investments comprised mostly of strategic holdings in companies concentrated in the life sciences and healthcare industries. Equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) with readily determinable fair values are measured at fair value in our consolidated balance sheet with changes in fair value recorded in current earnings in our consolidated statement of operations. Equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values (which consist of investments in preferred and common shares of private companies) are measured at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes.
We regularly evaluate equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values to determine if there are any indicators that the investments are impaired. The carrying value of our equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values was $36 million as of June 30, 2024. In conjunction with the preparation of our June 30, 2024 financial statements, we considered whether the carrying values of our investments were impaired and concluded that no such impairment existed.
We do not hedge our equity price risk. The impact of an adverse movement in equity prices on our holdings in privately held companies cannot be easily quantified as our ability to realize returns on investments depends on, among other things, the enterprises’ ability to raise additional capital or derive cash inflows from continuing operations or through liquidity events such as initial public offerings, mergers or private sales.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources

| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Change
| (dollars in millions)
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 514 |  |  | $ | 538 |  |  | $ | (24) |
Net cash used in investing activities | (413) |  |  | (840) |  |  | 427 |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (516) |  |  | 113 |  |  | (629) |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | (415) |  |  | $ | (189) |  |  | $ | (226) |

Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and highly-liquid short-term investments with original maturities, at the time of acquisition, of three months or less. Cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2024 totaled $271 million, compared to $686 million as of December 31, 2023.
As of June 30, 2024, approximately 14% of our $271 million of consolidated cash and cash equivalents were held outside of the United States.
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $514 million and $538 million, respectively. The $24 million decrease in net cash provided by operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the prior year period, was primarily a result of the timing of cash collections, partially offset by the timing of cash payments.
Days sales outstanding, a measure of billing and collection efficiency, was 50 days as of June 30, 2024, 50 days as of of December 31, 2023 and 47 days as of June 30, 2023.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $413 million and $840 million, respectively. This $427 million decrease in net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the prior year period, was primarily a result of decreased cash used for business acquisitions and, to a lesser extent, lower capital expenditures.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $(516) million and $113 million, respectively. This $629 million change in net cash (used in) provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the prior year period, was primarily a result of the six months ended June 30, 2023 including $320 million of net borrowings under our secured receivables credit facility and the six months ended June 30, 2024 including the repayment in full of the outstanding indebtedness under our $300 million of 4.25% senior notes at maturity.
During the six months ended June 30, 2024, there were no borrowings or repayments under our secured receivables credit facility and our senior unsecured revolving credit facility.
During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we borrowed $1.0 billion under our secured receivables credit facility, $0.7 billion of which was repaid prior to June 30, 2023. Additionally, during the six months ended June 30, 2023, we borrowed $125 million under our senior unsecured revolving credit facility, which was repaid prior to June 30, 2023.
Dividend Program
During each of the first and second quarters of 2024, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.75 per common share. During each of the four quarters of 2023, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.71 per common share.
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Share Repurchase Program
As of June 30, 2024, $1.0 billion remained available under our share repurchase authorization. The share repurchase authorization has no set expiration or termination date.
Share Repurchases
For both the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, we repurchased no shares of our common stock.
Equity Method Investees
Our equity method investees primarily consist of a diagnostic information services joint venture and an investment in a fund that purchases strategic holdings in private companies in the healthcare industry. Such investees are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Our investment in equity method investees is less than 5% of our consolidated total assets. Our proportionate share of income before income taxes associated with our equity method investees is less than 5% of our consolidated income before income taxes and equity in earnings of equity method investees. We have no material unconditional obligations or guarantees to, or in support of, our equity method investees and their operations.
In conjunction with the preparation of our June 30, 2024 financial statements, we considered whether the carrying values of our equity method investments were impaired and concluded that no such impairment existed.
Requirements and Capital Resources
We estimate that we will invest approximately $420 million during 2024 for capital expenditures, to support and grow our existing operations, principally related to investments in laboratory equipment and facilities, including laboratory automations and information technology to support our diagnostic offerings.
We have $600 million of 3.50% senior notes due March 2025.
Additionally, we have entered into definitive agreements to acquire LifeLabs, select assets of the laboratory services business of Allina Health, and select assets of the laboratory services business of OhioHealth. The acquisitions are expected to close during the second half of 2024. For further details, see Notes 5 and 14 to the interim unaudited consolidated financial statements.
As of June 30, 2024, we had $1.2 billion of borrowing capacity available under our existing credit facilities, including $452 million available under our secured receivables credit facility and $750 million available under our senior unsecured revolving credit facility. There were no borrowings outstanding under either the secured receivables credit facility or the senior unsecured revolving credit facility as of June 30, 2024. In support of our risk management program, $73 million in letters of credit under the secured receivables credit facility were outstanding as of June 30, 2024.
Our secured receivables credit facility is subject to customary affirmative and negative covenants, and certain financial covenants with respect to the receivables that comprise the borrowing base and secure the borrowings under the facility. Our senior unsecured revolving credit facility is also subject to certain financial covenants and limitations on indebtedness. As of June 30, 2024, we were in compliance with all such applicable financial covenants.
We believe that our cash and cash equivalents and cash from operations, together with our borrowing capacity under our credit facilities, will provide sufficient financial flexibility to fund seasonal and other working capital requirements, capital expenditures, debt service requirements and other obligations, cash dividends on common shares, share repurchases and additional growth opportunities, including acquisitions, for the foreseeable future. However, should it become necessary, we believe that our credit profile should provide us with access to additional financing in order to fund normal business operations, make interest payments, fund additional growth opportunities, including acquisitions, and satisfy upcoming debt maturities.
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Forward-Looking Statements
Some statements and disclosures in this document are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include all statements that do not relate solely to historical or current facts and can be identified by the use of words such as “may,” “believe,” “will,” “expect,” “project,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “plan”, "aim", or “continue.” These forward-looking statements are based on our current plans and expectations and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause our plans and expectations, including actual results, to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. Risks and uncertainties that may affect our future results include, but are not limited to, adverse results from pending or future government investigations, lawsuits or private actions, the competitive environment, the complexity of billing, reimbursement and revenue recognition for clinical laboratory testing, changes in government regulations, changing relationships with customers, payers, suppliers and strategic partners, acquisitions and other factors discussed in our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K and subsequently filed Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, including those discussed in the “Business,” “Risk Factors,” “Cautionary Factors that May Affect Future Results” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” sections of those reports.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
See Item 2. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined under Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report.
During the second quarter of 2024, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
See Note 11 to the interim unaudited consolidated financial statements for information regarding the status of legal proceedings involving the Company.
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Item 1A. Risk Factors
Our business and operations could be adversely impacted by the FDA's approach to regulation.
The FDA has regulatory responsibility over, among other areas, instruments, software, test kits, reagents and other devices used by clinical laboratories to perform diagnostic testing in the United States. The FDA has publicly asserted authority over laboratory testing (LDTs) since the 1990s. A number of tests we develop internally are offered as LDTs. The FDA has claimed regulatory authority over all LDTs, but has stated that it has exercised enforcement discretion with regard to most LDTs performed by high complexity CLIA-certified laboratories.
As the FDA moves to regulate more clinical laboratory testing, its approach to regulation is expected to impact industry practices and participants, new competitors may enter the industry, and competition may come in new forms. On May 6, 2024, the FDA published a final rule to broaden the definition of medical devices to include diagnostic tests and to regulate the laboratories that develop them. The final rule initiates a four-year period for a five-staged process of compliance with medical device regulations, certain FDA quality system requirements and for any required LDT submissions. We continue to evaluate the final rule and are working to ensure compliance with its requirements. Legal challenges have been made to the final rule that may vacate, change, delay or uphold the final rule. The final rule could also impact a revitalization and passage of legislation that authorizes the FDA to regulate LDTs by amending the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. However, the final rule requires compliance until such court determination or passage of such legislation.
The final rule could have a significant impact on the clinical laboratory testing industry, while creating new avenues of opportunity and competition regarding clinical laboratory testing. New competitors may enter the industry, and competition may come in new forms. The final outcome and effects of the final rule on our business are still uncertain and difficult to predict.
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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The table below sets forth the information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of the Company of its common stock during the second quarter of 2024.

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES |  |
Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (in thousands) |  |
April 1, 2024 – April 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share Repurchase Program (A) |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 1,035,913 |  |  |
Employee Transactions (B) |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | N/A |  | N/A |  |
May 1, 2024 - May 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share Repurchase Program (A) |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 1,035,913 |  |  |
Employee Transactions (B) |  | 1,364 |  |  | $ | 143.16 |  |  | N/A |  | N/A |  |
June 1, 2024 – June 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share Repurchase Program (A) |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 1,035,913 |  |  |
Employee Transactions (B) |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | N/A |  | N/A |  |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share Repurchase Program (A) |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 1,035,913 |  |  |
Employee Transactions (B) |  | 1,364 |  |  | $ | 143.16 |  |  | N/A |  | N/A |  |

(A)Since the share repurchase program’s inception in May 2003, our Board of Directors has authorized $13 billion of share repurchases of our common stock through June 30, 2024. The share repurchase authorization has no set expiration or termination date.
(B)Includes: (1) shares delivered or attested to in satisfaction of the exercise price and/or tax withholding obligations by holders of stock options (granted under the Company’s Amended and Restated Employee Long-Term Incentive Plan) who exercised options; and (2) shares withheld (under the terms of grants under the Amended and Restated Employee Long-Term Incentive Plan) to offset tax withholding obligations that occur upon the delivery of outstanding common shares underlying restricted stock units and performance share units.
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Item 5. Other Information
None.
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Item 6.Exhibits
Exhibits:

10.1* | Equity Purchase Agreement, dated July 2, 2024, by and among the Company and 1000923563 Ontario Inc., a subsidiary of the Company, and Borealis Infrastructure Corporation, a corporation incorporated under the federal laws of Canada, BPC Health Trust, a trust organized under the laws of the Province of Ontario, LifeLabs Inc., a corporation incorporated under the federal laws of Canada, and BPC Lab Finance LP, an Ontario limited partnership
22 | Subsidiary Guarantors of Securities
31.1 | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer
31.2 | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer
32.1 | Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer
32.2 | Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer
101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document - dgx-20240630.xsd
101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document - dgx-20240630_cal.xml
101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document - dgx-20240630_def.xml
101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document - dgx-20240630_lab.xml
101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document - dgx-20240630_pre.xml
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Certain information contained in this exhibit, marked by [***], has been omitted because it (i) is not material and (ii) is the type of information that we treat as private or confidential.
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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
July 24, 2024
Quest Diagnostics Incorporated

By | /s/ James E. Davis
| James E. Davis
| Chairman, Chief Executive Officer
| and President
By | /s/ Sam A. Samad
| Sam A. Samad
| Executive Vice President and
| Chief Financial Officer

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