<SEC-DOCUMENT>0000947871-25-000317.txt : 20250319
<SEC-HEADER>0000947871-25-000317.hdr.sgml : 20250319
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20250319083107
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0000947871-25-000317
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		14
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20250319
ITEM INFORMATION:		Regulation FD Disclosure
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20250319
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20250319

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001022079
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	SERVICES-MEDICAL LABORATORIES [8071]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	08 Industrial Applications and Services
		IRS NUMBER:				161387862
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-12215
		FILM NUMBER:		25750937

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		500 PLAZA DRIVE
		CITY:			SECAUCUS
		STATE:			NJ
		ZIP:			07094
		BUSINESS PHONE:		9735202700

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		500 PLAZA DRIVE
		CITY:			SECAUCUS
		STATE:			NJ
		ZIP:			07094

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	CORNING CLINICAL LABORATORIES INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19960903
</SEC-HEADER>
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<p style="font: 14pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">UNITED STATES</p>

<p style="font: 14pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</p>

<p style="font: 11pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 5pt; text-align: center">WASHINGTON, DC 20549</p>

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<p style="font: 11pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CURRENT REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
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<p style="font: 11pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended
to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (<span style="text-decoration: underline">see</span> General Instruction
A.2. below):</p>

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<p style="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS,serif; font-size: 11pt"><span id="xdx_90A_edei--WrittenCommunications_c20250319__20250319_zRn7vFy1tnp8"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-03-19" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000021" name="dei:WrittenCommunications">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span>
<span style="font-size: 10pt">Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</span></p>

<p style="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS,serif; font-size: 11pt"><span id="xdx_90B_edei--SolicitingMaterial_c20250319__20250319_zV3XHd6l5eEl"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-03-19" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000022" name="dei:SolicitingMaterial">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span>
<span style="font-size: 10pt">Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</span></p>

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<span style="font-size: 10pt">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</span></p>

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<span style="font-size: 10pt">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 5pt">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth
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Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</p>

<p style="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Emerging growth
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<p style="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-size: 10pt">If an emerging growth company, indicate
by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial
accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. </span><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS,serif; font-size: 11pt">&#9744;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>Item 7.01. Regulation FD Disclosure</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt/115% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/115% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">On March 19, 2025, Quest Diagnostics Incorporated
(the &#8220;Company&#8221;) will host an Investor Day during which members of the leadership team will discuss the Company's strategies
to drive sustainable growth and deliver long-term shareholder value.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/115% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/115% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">In connection with Investor Day, the Company
issued a press release that, among other things, discusses its business strategy, reiterates its previously issued guidance for full-year
2025 and provides its long-term outlook beyond 2025. A copy of the press release is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report on
Form 8-K and is incorporated into this Item 7.01 of this Current Report on Form 8-K by reference. The Investor Day presentation materials
that will be used by members of the Company&#8217;s leadership team, which include information regarding the matters discussed by the
Company at Investor Day and in the press release, have been posted on the &#8220;Events and Presentations&#8221; page of the Company&#8217;s
investor relations website.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/115% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/115% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">The information in the preceding paragraphs,
as well as Exhibit 99.1, shall not be deemed &#8220;filed&#8221; for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended (the &#8220;Exchange Act&#8221;), or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section. It may only be incorporated by reference
into another filing under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, if such subsequent filing specifically references
this Current Report on Form 8-K. <span style="background-color: white">Information included on our website shall not be deemed to be incorporated
into this Current Report on Form 8-K.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt/115% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/115% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">The statements in the Investor Day press
release and related presentation materials which are not historical facts may be forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned
not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date that they are made and which reflect
management's current estimates, projections, expectations or beliefs and which involve risks and uncertainties that could cause
actual results and outcomes to be materially different. Risks and uncertainties that may affect the future results of the company
include, but are not limited to, adverse results from pending or future government investigations, lawsuits or private actions, the
competitive environment, the complexity of billing, reimbursement and revenue recognition for clinical laboratory testing, changes
in government regulations, changing relationships with customers, payers, suppliers or strategic partners, acquisitions and other
factors discussed in the Company's most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K and in any of the Company's subsequently filed
Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, including those discussed in the "Business," "Risk
Factors," "Cautionary Factors that May Affect Future Results" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations" sections of those reports.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/115% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 5pt"><b>Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>Signature</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">March&#160;19, 2025</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Quest Diagnostics to Highlight Strategic Priorities
to Drive Sustainable </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Growth and Deliver Long-term Shareholder Value
at 2025 Investor Day </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0.05pt; margin-bottom: 0.05pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8226;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Provides long-term outlook beyond 2025: Revenues expected to grow at 4-5% compound annual growth rate
(CAGR); adjusted diluted earnings per share (EPS) expected to grow at 7-9% CAGR </FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0.05pt; margin-bottom: 0.05pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8226;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Reaffirms guidance for full year 2025</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/112% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0">SECAUCUS, N.J., March 19, 2025 -- At a meeting with analysts
and investors at its 2025 Investor Day, members of the leadership team of Quest Diagnostics (NYSE: DGX), a leading provider of diagnostic
information services, will discuss the company's strategies to drive sustainable growth and deliver long-term shareholder value. &#9;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0">&quot;We are confident in Quest&#8217;s ability to grow at above-market
rates in our core physician and hospital channels driven by increased market access, double-digit growth in advanced diagnostics across
five key clinical areas, and the contributions of strategic partnerships and acquisitions,&#8221; said Jim Davis, Chairman, CEO and President.
&#8220;We expect our continuous improvement initiatives &#8211; including investments in automation, robotics, and AI &#8211; to strengthen
quality, customer and employee experiences, and productivity. Further, our new Project Nova IT initiative will modernize our systems architecture
and lower IT costs over the long-term. These factors are reflected in the long-term outlook we are articulating today, which anticipates
revenue growth at a 4-5% CAGR and adjusted EPS growth at a 7-9% CAGR beyond 2025.&#8221;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0">At the meeting, members of the company&#8217;s leadership team
will highlight a range of strategic initiatives that are underway, including:</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 12pt/112% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0.6pt; margin-bottom: 0.6pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&#8226;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 112%">Driving growth in the physician channel by delivering comprehensive diagnostic innovation,
capitalizing on expanded health plan network access, extending geographic reach, and becoming a partner of choice for large enterprise
customers.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 12pt/112% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0.6pt; margin-bottom: 0.6pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&#8226;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 112%">Growing in the hospital channel by serving hospitals through scaled and specialized
reference testing, extending its range of collaborative lab solutions (&quot;CoLab&quot; previously Professional Laboratory Services)
for helping hospitals manage their labs, and expanding in new geographies through accretive hospital lab outreach acquisitions.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 12pt/112% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0.6pt; margin-bottom: 0.6pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&#8226;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 112%">Expanding the company&#8217;s presence in high-growth areas by driving continued
growth in demand for questhealth.com consumer-initiated testing, supporting life science partners with testing and services, and delivering
insights through data analytics.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 12pt/112% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0.6pt; margin-bottom: 0.6pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&#8226;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 112%">Generating double-digit growth from advanced diagnostics tests with a focus on five
key clinical areas: oncology (including for the company&#8217;s innovative Haystack MRD&#8482; minimal residual disease test for early
cancer recurrence), advanced cardiometabolic health, women's and reproductive health, brain health (featuring the company&#8217;s AD-Detect&#8482;
blood-based Alzheimer&#8217;s disease testing services), and autoimmune disorders.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&#8226;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 112%">Delivering 3% annual productivity and cost savings through the company&#8217;s Invigorate
initiative, which focuses on fostering engaged employees, leaning out processes, and deploying technology to improve quality, productivity,
and customer and employee experiences. </FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 12pt/112% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0.6pt; margin-bottom: 0.6pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
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will enhance customer and employee experiences, reduce IT costs and improve productivity across order to cash processes. </FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 12pt/112% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0.6pt; margin-bottom: 0.6pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
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free cash flow to shareholders and drives growth through strategic investments and acquisitions. </FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt/112% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0"><B>Guidance for Full Year 2025</B></P>

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as per the table bel<FONT STYLE="background-color: white">ow. For the first quarter of 2025, the company now expects that worse-than-anticipated
weather during the period will create a headwind to revenue of approximately $25 million and to EPS of approximately $0.10.</FONT></P>

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    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 1.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">Net revenues</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 1.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">$10.70 billion</FONT></TD>
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    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 2.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">8.4%</FONT></TD>
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    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 2.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">9.9%</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 2.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">Reported diluted EPS</FONT></TD>
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    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 2.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">$9.55</FONT></TD>
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    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 2.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">$9.80</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 2.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">Cash provided by operations</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="padding-top: 2.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">Approximately $1.45 billion</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 2.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">Capital expenditures</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="padding-top: 2.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">Approximately $500 million</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.05pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">The additional table attached
below includes reconciliations of non-GAAP adjusted measures to GAAP measures.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0"><B>Note on Non-GAAP Financial Measures</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">As used in this press
release the term &quot;reported&quot; refers to measures under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (&quot;GAAP&quot;).
The term &quot;adjusted&quot; refers to non-GAAP operating performance measures that exclude special items such as restructuring and integration
charges, amortization expense, excess tax benefits (&quot;ETB&quot;) associated with stock-based compensation, gains and losses associated
with changes in the carrying value of our strategic investments, and other items.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/112% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0">The company has provided a compound annual growth rate projection
beyond 2025 of 7-9% for adjusted diluted EPS, which is a non-GAAP measure. <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">The company is unable
to present a reconciliation of adjusted diluted EPS to reported diluted EPS, the most comparable GAAP measure, due to the inherent uncertainty
and variability in the nature and amount of special items referenced above, and the amount of these items could be significant in any
of the associated periods.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Non-GAAP adjusted measures
are presented because management believes those measures are useful adjuncts to GAAP results. Non-GAAP adjusted measures should not be
considered as an alternative to the corresponding measures determined under GAAP. Management may use these non-GAAP measures to evaluate
our performance period over period and relative to competitors, to analyze the underlying trends in our business, to establish operational
budgets and forecasts and for incentive compensation purposes. We believe that these non-GAAP measures are useful to investors and analysts
to evaluate our performance period over period and relative to competitors, as well as to analyze the underlying trends in our business
and to assess our performance. The additional table attached below includes reconciliations of non-GAAP adjusted measures to GAAP measures.<BR>
<BR>
</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0"><B>Participating in Investor Day </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0">Advance registration is required. To register for the event,
please go to: <FONT STYLE="color: blue"><U>Quest Diagnostics 2025 Investor Day Registration</U></FONT>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0">A live webcast of the event will be broadcast on the <FONT STYLE="color: blue"><U>Quest
Diagnostics Investor Relations website</U></FONT>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0">A copy of the presentation materials discussed at the meeting
and an archived copy of the webcast will be available on the Quest Diagnostics Investor Relations website.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0"><B>About Quest Diagnostics </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0">Quest Diagnostics works across the healthcare ecosystem to
create a healthier world, one life at a time. We provide diagnostic insights from the results of our laboratory testing to empower people,
physicians and organizations to take action to improve health outcomes. Derived from one of the world's largest databases of de-identifiable
clinical lab results, Quest's diagnostic insights reveal new avenues to identify and treat disease, inspire healthy behaviors and improve
healthcare management. Quest Diagnostics annually serves one in three adult Americans and half the physicians and hospitals in the United
States, and our more than 55,000 employees understand that, in the right hands and with the right context, our diagnostic insights can
inspire actions that transform lives and create a healthier world. &nbsp;<FONT STYLE="color: blue"><U>www.QuestDiagnostics.com</U></FONT>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0"><B>Forward Looking Statements </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0">The statements in this press release which are not historical
facts may be forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak
only as of the date that they are made and which reflect management's current estimates, projections, expectations or beliefs and which
involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and outcomes to be materially different. Risks and uncertainties that
may affect the future results of the company include, but are not limited to, adverse results from pending or future government investigations,
lawsuits or private actions, the competitive environment, the complexity of billing, reimbursement and revenue recognition for clinical
laboratory testing, changes in government regulations, changing relationships with customers, payers, suppliers or strategic partners,
acquisitions and other factors discussed in the company's most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K and in any of the company's subsequently
filed Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, including those discussed in the &quot;Business,&quot; &quot;Risk
Factors,&quot; &quot;Cautionary Factors that May Affect Future Results&quot; and &quot;Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations&quot; sections of those reports.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0">Contacts:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0">Shawn Bevec (Investors):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0">973-520-2900</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0">Wendy Bost (Media):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0">973-520-2800</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0">Logo&nbsp;- <FONT STYLE="color: blue"><U>http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20150422/200883LOGO</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0; text-align: center">ADDITIONAL TABLE FOLLOWS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.6pt 0">The outlook for adjusted diluted EPS represents management's
estimates for the full year 2025 before the impact of special items. Further impacts to earnings related to special items may occur throughout
2025. Additionally, the amount of ETB is dependent upon employee stock option exercises and our stock price, which are difficult to predict.
The following table reconciles our 2025 outlook for diluted EPS under GAAP to our outlook for adjusted diluted EPS:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 9.5pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 77%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 11%; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 1.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">Low</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-top: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 11%; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 1.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">High</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 1.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">Diluted EPS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 1.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">$8.34</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 1.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">$8.59</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 2.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">Restructuring and integration charges (a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 2.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">0.11</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 2.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">0.11</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 2.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">Amortization expense (b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 2.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">1.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 2.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">1.05</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 2.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">Other charges (c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 2.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">0.13</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 2.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">0.13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 2.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">ETB</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 2.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">(0.08)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 2.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">(0.08)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 1.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">Adjusted diluted EPS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 1.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">$9.55</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 1.65pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; line-height: 120%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%">$9.80</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.05pt 0 0.05pt 58.5pt; text-indent: -22.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Represents estimated pre-tax charges of $16 million primarily associated with workforce reductions
and integration costs incurred in connection with further restructuring and integrating our business. Income tax benefits were primarily
calculated using a combined statutory income tax rate of 25.5%.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.05pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.05pt 0 0.05pt 58.5pt; text-indent: -22.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Represents estimated pre-tax amortization expenses of $160 million. Income tax benefits were primarily
calculated using a combined statutory income tax rate of 25.5%.<BR>
<BR>
</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.05pt 0 0.05pt 58.5pt; text-indent: -22.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Represents estimated pre-tax net losses of $15 million, principally associated with the increase
in the fair value of the contingent consideration accrual associated with previous acquisitions. No income tax benefits are recorded on
the losses associated with the contingent consideration accrual.</FONT></P>

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    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2025/country-2025.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-types-2025.xsd" />
</schema>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>dgx-20250319_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL LABEL FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" standalone="no"?>
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Generator; Value: GoFiler Complete; Version: 6.0a -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: VendorURI; Value: https://www.novaworks.com -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Status; Value: 0x00000000 -->
<link:linkbase xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>dgx-20250319_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL PRESENTATION FILE
<TEXT>
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<TYPE>XML
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 19, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Mar. 19,  2025<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-12215<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Quest Diagnostics Incorporated<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001022079<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">16-1387862<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">500 Plaza Drive<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Secaucus<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">NJ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">07094<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(973)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">520-2700<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">DGX<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14a<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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