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Fair Value Measurements
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements Fair Value Measurements
Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value under U.S. GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value and nonrecurring fair value measurements are to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable:
 
•Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2 — Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices), such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

•Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.

The following tables set forth the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 based on the three-tier fair value hierarchy:

March 31, 2023
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds$206,939 
(1)
$— $— $206,939 
Other current assets:
Digital assets held for users— 48,733 
(6)
— 48,733 
Other non-current assets:
Derivative instruments— — 25,287 
(4)
25,287 
Equity securities19,075 
(2)
13,533 
(3)
— 32,608 
Total$226,014 $62,266 $25,287 $313,567 
Liabilities
Digital assets held for users$— $48,733 
(6)
$— $48,733 
Warrant liabilities— 27,715 
(5)
— 27,715 
Total$— $76,448 $— $76,448 
December 31, 2022
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds$304,216 
(1)
$— $— $304,216 
Other current assets:
Digital assets held for users— 38,444
(6)
— 38,444 
Other non-current assets:
Derivative instruments— — 26,248 
(4)
26,248 
Equity securities18,250 
(2)
13,533 
(3)
— 31,783 
Total$322,466 $51,977 $26,248 $400,691 
Liabilities
Digital assets held for users— $38,444 
(6)
— $38,444 
Warrant liabilities$— $10,680 
(5)
$— 10,680 
Total$— $49,124 $— $49,124 

(1)Represents the Company’s money market funds, which are classified as Level 1 because the Company measures the fair value of these assets using quoted market prices.
(2)Represents the Company’s marketable equity securities, which are classified as Level 1 because the Company measures the fair value of these assets using quoted market prices.
(3)Represents the Company’s non-marketable equity securities, which are classified as Level 2 because the Company measures the fair value of these assets using observable inputs for similar investments of the same issuer. The Company has elected the remeasurement alternative for these assets.
(4)Represents the Company’s derivative instruments held in other public and privately held entities. The Company measures the fair value of these derivative instruments using option pricing models and, accordingly, classifies these assets as Level 3. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, there were no new derivative instruments purchased by or issued to the Company. The table below includes a range and an average weighted by relative fair value of the significant unobservable inputs used to measure the fair value of the Level 3 derivative instruments. A change in these significant unobservable inputs might result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement at the reporting date.
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Significant Unobservable InputRange (Weighted Average)Range (Weighted Average)
Underlying stock price
$7.63 - $19.80 ($16.95)
$7.30 - $19.80 ($16.53)
Volatility
56.0% - 80.0% (74.8%)
56.0% - 80.0% (74.1%)
Risk-free rate
1.3% - 4.7% (4.2%)
1.3% - 4.3% (4.1%)
(5)The Company measures the fair value of its warrant liabilities using a binomial lattice model or a Black-Scholes model, where appropriate, with the significant assumptions being observable inputs and, accordingly, classifies these liabilities as Level 2.
(6)Represents the asset and liability balance for the digital assets held by the Company for its users, which are classified as Level 2 because the Company measures the fair value of these digital assets using observable inputs for similar transactions.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded $0.1 million and $37.4 million of unrealized gains on its financial assets carried at fair value, respectively. Those unrealized gains are included within other income, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.