<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001193125-23-127530.txt : 20230428
<SEC-HEADER>0001193125-23-127530.hdr.sgml : 20230428
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20230428170258
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001193125-23-127530
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		14
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20230427
ITEM INFORMATION:		Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers: Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers
ITEM INFORMATION:		Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year
ITEM INFORMATION:		Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20230428
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20230428

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			CHURCH & DWIGHT CO INC /DE/
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000313927
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	SOAP, DETERGENT, CLEANING PREPARATIONS, PERFUMES, COSMETICS [2840]
		IRS NUMBER:				134996950
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-10585
		FILM NUMBER:		23867994

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		500 CHARLES EWING BOULEVARD
		CITY:			EWING
		STATE:			NJ
		ZIP:			08628
		BUSINESS PHONE:		609-806-1200

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		500 CHARLES EWING BOULEVARD
		CITY:			EWING
		STATE:			NJ
		ZIP:			08628
</SEC-HEADER>
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<td style="width:5%;vertical-align:top"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:WrittenCommunications" contextRef="duration_2023-04-27_to_2023-04-27" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left">Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</p></td></tr></table> <p style="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
<table style="border-collapse:collapse; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt;border:0;width:100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left">Soliciting material pursuant to Rule <span style="white-space:nowrap">14a-12</span> under the Exchange Act (17 CFR <span style="white-space:nowrap">240.14a-12)</span></p></td></tr></table> <p style="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
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<td style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Pre-commencement</span> communications pursuant to Rule <span style="white-space:nowrap">14d-2(b)</span> under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240. <span style="white-space:nowrap">14d-2(b))</span></p></td></tr></table> <p style="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
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<td style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Pre-commencement</span> communications pursuant to Rule <span style="white-space:nowrap">13e-4(c)</span> under the Exchange Act (17 CFR <span style="white-space:nowrap">240.13e-4(c))</span></p></td></tr></table> <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Securities registered pursuant to Section&#160;12(b) of the Act:</p> <p style="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
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<td style=" text-align: center;margin:auto; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Title of each class</p></td>
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<td style=" text-align: center;margin:auto; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Trading</p> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Symbol</p></td>
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<td style=" text-align: center;margin:auto; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Name of each exchange</p> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">on which registered</p></td></tr>
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<td style=" text-align: center;margin:auto; vertical-align:top"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:Security12bTitle" contextRef="duration_2023-04-27_to_2023-04-27">Common Stock, $1 par value</ix:nonNumeric></td>
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<td style=" text-align: center;margin:auto; vertical-align:top"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:TradingSymbol" contextRef="duration_2023-04-27_to_2023-04-27">CHD</ix:nonNumeric></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;</td>
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<td style="width:11%;vertical-align:top" align="left"><span style="font-weight:bold">Item&#160;5.02</span></td>
<td align="left" style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:left">Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers. </p></td></tr></table> <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Church&#160;&amp; Dwight Co., Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) held its Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the &#8220;Annual Meeting&#8221;) on April&#160;27, 2023. At the Annual Meeting, the stockholders of the Company approved the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the &#8220;Employee Stock Purchase Plan&#8221;), a description of which is included on pages 89 &#8211; 92 of the Company&#8217;s proxy statement for the 2023 annual meeting filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March&#160;17, 2023 (the &#8220;Proxy Statement&#8221;) and is incorporated herein by reference as Exhibit 99.1. Such description and the other information relating to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan included herein is qualified in its entirety by reference to the actual terms of the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, which is attached as approved as Exhibit 10.1 to this Current Report on Form <span style="white-space:nowrap">8-K.</span> </p> <p style="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
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<td style="width:11%;vertical-align:top" align="left"><span style="font-weight:bold">Item&#160;5.03</span></td>
<td align="left" style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:left">Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year. </p></td></tr></table> <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On April&#160;27, 2023, the Company amended and restated the Company&#8217;s <span style="white-space:nowrap">By-laws</span> (the <span style="white-space:nowrap">&#8220;By-laws&#8221;).</span> The amendments to the <span style="white-space:nowrap">By-laws,</span> among other things, (i)&#160;add new Section&#160;13 of Article II with respect to stockholder lists, (ii)&#160;revise Article II and Article VIII of the <span style="white-space:nowrap">By-laws</span> with respect to stockholder record dates, (iii)&#160;update the provisions in Article II, Article III, Article V, and Article VI of the <span style="white-space:nowrap">By-laws</span> with respect to electronic communications, notices, books and records, and meetings, (iv)&#160;revise the provisions in Article II with respect to stockholder meeting procedures and voting, and (v)&#160;make certain other clarifying changes. </p> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The foregoing description of the amendments to the Company&#8217;s <span style="white-space:nowrap">By-laws</span> is qualified in all respects by reference to the text of the <span style="white-space:nowrap">By-laws,</span> a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 3.1 to this Current Report on Form <span style="white-space:nowrap">8-K</span> and is incorporated herein by reference. </p> <p style="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
<table style="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt;border:0;width:100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td style="width:11%;vertical-align:top" align="left"><span style="font-weight:bold">Item&#160;5.07</span></td>
<td align="left" style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:left">Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders. </p></td></tr></table> <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The final voting results for each of the proposals submitted to a vote of the Company&#8217;s stockholders at the Annual Meeting are set forth below. </p>
</div></div>



<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
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<div style="text-align:center"><div style="width:8.5in;text-align:left;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto">
 <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold">Proposal No.&#160;1 &#8212; Election of Directors </p> <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The following nominees were elected by stockholders to serve on the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors for a term of one year each, or until their successors are elected and qualified. The voting results for each director nominee were as follows: </p> <p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt;width:92%;border:0;margin:0 auto">


<tr>

<td style="width:54%"></td>

<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:2%"></td>
<td></td>

<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:2%"></td>
<td></td>

<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:2%"></td>
<td></td>

<td style="vertical-align:bottom"></td>
<td style="width:12%"></td></tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; display:table-cell; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold">Nominees</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom"><span style="font-weight:bold">For</span></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom"><span style="font-weight:bold">Against</span></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom"><span style="font-weight:bold">Abstain</span></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Broker&#160;Non-Votes</span></p></td></tr>


<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt;background-color:#cceeff">
<td style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Bradlen L. Cashaw</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">190,193,843</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">2,234,763</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">446,704</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">22,300,635</td></tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<td style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Matthew T. Farrell</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">175,500,041</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">16,236,173</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">1,139,096</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">22,300,635</td></tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt;background-color:#cceeff">
<td style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Bradley C. Irwin</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">178,420,163</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">14,017,490</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">437,657</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center">22,300,635</p></td></tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<td style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Penry W. Price</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">182,630,041</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">9,801,282</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">443,987</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center">22,300,635</p></td></tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt;background-color:#cceeff">
<td style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Susan G. Saideman</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">184,279,554</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">8,167,257</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">428,499</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center">22,300,635</p></td></tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<td style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Ravichandra K. Saligram</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">175,761,859</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">16,676,923</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">436,528</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center">22,300,635</p></td></tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt;background-color:#cceeff">
<td style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Robert K. Shearer</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">181,937,236</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">10,498,396</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">439,678</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center">22,300,635</p></td></tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<td style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Janet S. Vergis</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">181,322,210</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">11,015,072</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">538,028</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center">22,300,635</p></td></tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt;background-color:#cceeff">
<td style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Arthur B. Winkleblack</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">177,994,253</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">14,424,952</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">456,105</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center">22,300,635</p></td></tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<td style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Laurie J. Yoler</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">184,975,118</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">7,475,134</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">425,058</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center">22,300,635</p></td></tr>
</table> <p style="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold">Proposal No.&#160;2 &#8211; Advisory Vote to Approve Compensation of the Named Executive Officers </p> <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The stockholders approved, on an advisory basis, the compensation of the named executive officers as disclosed in the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting. The result of the advisory vote is set forth below: </p> <p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt;width:100%;border:0;margin:0 auto">


<tr>

<td style="width:24%"></td>

<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1%"></td>
<td style="width:24%"></td>

<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1%"></td>
<td style="width:23%"></td>

<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1%"></td>
<td style="width:26%"></td></tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<td align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">For</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Against</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Abstain</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Broker&#160;Non-Votes</span></p></td></tr>


<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt;background-color:#cceeff">
<td style="vertical-align:top" align="center"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center">160,162,544</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">31,143,028</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">1,569,738</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">22,300,635</td></tr>
</table> <p style="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold">Proposal No.&#160;3 &#8211; Advisory Vote on the Frequency of Executive Compensation </p> <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The stockholders approved the frequency of <span style="white-space:nowrap">one-year</span> for the advisory vote on compensation of the Company&#8217;s named executive officers. The result of the advisory vote is set forth below: </p> <p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt;width:100%;border:0;margin:0 auto">


<tr>

<td style="width:21%"></td>

<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1%"></td>
<td style="width:17%"></td>

<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1%"></td>
<td style="width:19%"></td>

<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1%"></td>
<td style="width:17%"></td>

<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1%"></td>
<td style="width:22%"></td></tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<td align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center"><span style="white-space:nowrap">1-Year</span></p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center"><span style="white-space:nowrap">2-Year</span></p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center"><span style="white-space:nowrap">3-Year</span></p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Abstain</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Broker&#160;Non-Votes</span></p></td></tr>


<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt;background-color:#cceeff">
<td style="vertical-align:top" align="center"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center">189,766,877</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">254,288</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">2,269,868</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">584,277</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">22,300,635</td></tr>
</table> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As noted above, the stockholders approved, on an advisory basis, an annual advisory vote on the compensation of the Company&#8217;s named executive officers. The Company&#8217;s Board of Directors has determined that the Company will continue to include a stockholder advisory vote on the compensation of its named executive officers in its proxy materials every year until the next required vote on the frequency of stockholder votes on the compensation of executives, which, under Securities and Exchange Commission regulations, will occur at least once every six years. </p> <p style="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold">Proposal No.&#160;4 &#8212; Ratification of the Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm </p> <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The stockholders ratified the appointment of Deloitte&#160;&amp; Touche LLP as the Company&#8217;s independent registered public accounting firm for 2023. The voting results on the proposal were as follows: </p> <p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt;width:100%;border:0;margin:0 auto">


<tr>

<td style="width:35%"></td>

<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1%"></td>
<td style="width:33%"></td>

<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1%"></td>
<td style="width:30%"></td></tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<td align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">For</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Against</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Abstain</p></td></tr>


<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt;background-color:#cceeff">
<td style="vertical-align:top" align="center"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center">202,253,969</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">12,516,884</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">405,092</td></tr>
</table>
</div></div>



<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<hr style="color:#999999;height:3px;width:100%" />

<div style="text-align:center"><div style="width:8.5in;text-align:left;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto">
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<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt;width:100%;border:0;margin:0 auto">


<tr>

<td style="width:26%"></td>

<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1%"></td>
<td style="width:23%"></td>

<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1%"></td>
<td style="width:22%"></td>

<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1%"></td>
<td style="width:26%"></td></tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<td align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">For</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Against</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Abstain</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Broker&#160;Non-Votes</span></p></td></tr>


<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt;background-color:#cceeff">
<td style="vertical-align:top" align="center"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center">190,489,660</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">2,058,706</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">326,944</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">22,300,635</td></tr>
</table> <p style="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold">Proposal No.&#160;6 &#8211; Stockholder Proposal </p> <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The stockholders did not approve the stockholder proposal submitted as Proposal 6. The voting results on the proposal were as follows: </p> <p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt;width:100%;border:0;margin:0 auto">


<tr>

<td style="width:24%"></td>

<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1%"></td>
<td style="width:24%"></td>

<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1%"></td>
<td style="width:23%"></td>

<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1%"></td>
<td style="width:26%"></td></tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<td align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">For</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Against</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Abstain</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Broker&#160;Non-Votes</span></p></td></tr>


<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt;background-color:#cceeff">
<td style="vertical-align:top" align="center"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center">67,018,030</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">124,768,483</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">1,088,797</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center">22,300,635</td></tr>
</table> <p style="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
<table style="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt;border:0;width:100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td style="width:11%;vertical-align:top" align="left"><span style="font-weight:bold">Item&#160;9.01</span></td>
<td align="left" style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:left">Financial Statements and Exhibits. </p></td></tr></table> <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d) Exhibits. </p> <p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt;width:92%;border:0;margin:0 auto">


<tr>

<td></td>

<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:4%"></td>
<td style="width:93%"></td></tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; display:inline-block; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center">Exhibit<br />No.</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; display:inline-block; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center">Description</p></td></tr>


<tr style="font-size:1pt">
<td style="height:6pt"></td>
<td style="height:6pt" colspan="2"></td></tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap">&#160;&#160;3.1</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:top"><a href="d461399dex31.htm">Church&#160;&amp; Dwight Co., Inc. Amended and Restated <span style="white-space:nowrap">By-laws,</span> as amended and restated April&#160;27, 2023. </a></td></tr>
<tr style="font-size:1pt">
<td style="height:6pt"></td>
<td style="height:6pt" colspan="2"></td></tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap">10.1</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:top"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/../../../ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/313927/000119312523073946/d462087ddef14a.htm#toc462087_76">Church&#160;&amp; Dwight Co., Inc Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as approved by the Company&#8217;s stockholders on April&#160;27, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Appendix A in the Proxy Statement). </a></td></tr>
<tr style="font-size:1pt">
<td style="height:6pt"></td>
<td style="height:6pt" colspan="2"></td></tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap">99.1</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:top"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/../../../ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/313927/000119312523073946/d462087ddef14a.htm#toc462087_70">The section entitled &#8220;Proposal 5: Approval of the Church&#160;&amp; Dwight Co., Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan&#8221; included in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference. </a></td></tr>
<tr style="font-size:1pt">
<td style="height:6pt"></td>
<td style="height:6pt" colspan="2"></td></tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap">104</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:top">Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document).</td></tr>
</table>
</div></div>



<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<hr style="color:#999999;height:3px;width:100%" />

<div style="text-align:center"><div style="width:8.5in;text-align:left;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto">
 <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">SIGNATURES </p> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized. </p> <p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
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<tr>

<td style="width:44%"></td>

<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1%"></td>
<td style="width:4%"></td>

<td style="vertical-align:bottom"></td>
<td style="width:5%"></td>

<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1%"></td>
<td style="width:44%"></td></tr>


<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<td style="vertical-align:bottom"></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom"></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom" colspan="3"><span style="font-weight:bold">CHURCH&#160;&amp; DWIGHT CO., INC.</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font-size:1pt">
<td style="height:12pt"></td>
<td style="height:12pt" colspan="2"></td>
<td style="height:12pt" colspan="2"></td>
<td style="height:12pt" colspan="2"></td></tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">Date: April&#160;28, 2023</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom"></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:top">By:</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Patrick de Maynadier</p></td></tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<td style="vertical-align:bottom"></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom"></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:top">Name:</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">Patrick de Maynadier</td></tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<td style="vertical-align:bottom"></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom"></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:top">Title:</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary</td></tr>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-3.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>d461399dex31.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-3.1
<TEXT>
<HTML><HEAD>
<TITLE>EX-3.1</TITLE>
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<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right"><B>Exhibit 3.1 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">BY-LAWS</FONT> </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">Of </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">CHURCH&nbsp;&amp; DWIGHT CO.,
INC. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">A Delaware Corporation </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">As Amended and Restated as of April&nbsp;27, 2023 </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">ARTICLE I </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">OFFICES </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;1. The registered office of the Corporation shall be as set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;2. The Corporation may also have offices at such other places, within or without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors
may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">ARTICLE II </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;1. The Annual Meeting of Stockholders and all Special Meetings of Stockholders shall be held at the place, if any, within or
without the State of Delaware as may be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;2. Annual Meetings of
Stockholders shall be held at a time and date as designated by the Board of Directors. At such Meeting the Stockholders shall elect directors and transact such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting. The Corporation may
postpone, reschedule or cancel any Annual Meeting of Stockholders previously scheduled by the Board of Directors. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;3. Notice
of each Annual Meeting, stating the place, if any, date and hour of the meeting, the record date for determining the Stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting (if such date is different from the record date for Stockholders entitled to notice of
the meeting) and the means of remote communication, if any, by which Stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting, shall, unless otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws,</FONT> be given in the manner set forth in Article VI of these <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws</FONT> not less than ten nor more than sixty days before the date of the meeting, to each Stockholder
entitled to vote at such meeting. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;4. (a) Special Meetings of Stockholders may be called at any time for any purpose or
purposes by the Chairman or the Chief Executive Officer or, at the request of either of them or at the request of a majority of directors then in office, by the Secretary. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:18pt; margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always">
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) Subject to the provisions of this Section&nbsp;4 and any other applicable provisions of <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">these&nbsp;By-Laws,&nbsp;a</FONT> Special Meeting of Stockholders (a &#147;Stockholder Requested Special Meeting&#148;) shall be called by the Secretary upon the written request (a &#147;Stockholder Special Meeting
Request&#148;) of the holders (i)&nbsp;representing in the aggregate at least twenty-five percent (the &#147;Requisite Percentage&#148;) of the outstanding shares of common stock of the Corporation; provided that such shares have been
&#147;Owned&#148; (as defined in Section&nbsp;7(A)(iii) of Article III below) continuously by such holders for at least one year prior to the date of the Stockholder Special Meeting Request
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">(the&nbsp;&#147;One-Year&nbsp;Period&#148;),</FONT> and (ii)&nbsp;that have complied in full with the requirements set forth in this Section&nbsp;4. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) In order for a Stockholder Requested Special Meeting to be called, the Stockholder Special Meeting Request must be signed by the record
holders (or their duly authorized agents) who are entitled to cast not less than the Requisite Percentage and must be delivered in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation. Any Stockholder Special Meeting Request shall set forth with
particularity (i)&nbsp;the names and addresses of the Requesting Stockholder(s), as they appear on the books of the Corporation, and of any individual, partnership, firm, corporation, association, trust, unincorporated organization or other entity
(each a &#147;Person&#148;) acting in concert with any Requesting Stockholder, (ii)&nbsp;the class or series and number of shares of the Corporation&#146;s capital stock owned of record and beneficially by each Requesting Stockholder and the Persons
identified in clause (i)&nbsp;and documentary evidence that the Requisite Percentage of shares have been Owned continuously for <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">the&nbsp;One-Year&nbsp;Period</FONT> by each Requesting Stockholder, from a person and
in a form acceptable for purposes of a stockholder proposal under <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Rule&nbsp;14a-8(b)(2)&nbsp;under</FONT> the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#147;Exchange Act&#148;), (iii)&nbsp;a commitment to
promptly notify the Corporation upon any decrease occurring between the date on which the Stockholder Special Meeting Request is delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation and the date of the Stockholder Requested Special Meeting in the number of
shares Owned by such Requesting Stockholder, (iv)&nbsp;an acknowledgement by each Requesting Stockholder that any decrease after the date on which the Stockholder Special Meeting Request is delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation in the number
of shares Owned by each Requesting Stockholder shall be deemed a revocation of the Stockholder Special Meeting Request with respect to such shares and that such shares will no longer be included in determining whether the Requisite Percentage has
been satisfied, (v)&nbsp;a representation that at least one Requesting Stockholder, or a qualified representative of at least one Requesting Stockholder, intends to appear to present the item of business to be brought before the Stockholder
Requested Special Meeting, (vi)&nbsp;the purpose or purposes of the proposed special meeting and the business to be acted on at the meeting, the reasons for conducting such business at the special meeting and the text of the proposal or business
(including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and, if the business includes a proposal to amend <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">these&nbsp;By-Laws,&nbsp;the</FONT> language of the proposed amendment), and (vii)&nbsp;a
description of all arrangements or understandings between each Requesting Stockholder and any other Persons, including their names, in connection with the proposed business of the Special Meeting and any material interest of each Requesting
Stockholder in such business. In addition, each Requesting Stockholder shall promptly provide any other information reasonably requested by the Corporation. The only business that may be conducted at the Stockholder Requested Special Meeting
properly called by the Requesting Stockholders shall be the business proposed in the Stockholder Special Meeting Request; provided, however, that the Board of Directors shall have the authority in its discretion to submit additional matters to the
Stockholders and to cause other business to be transacted. The Stockholder Special Meeting Request shall be delivered personally </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">2 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always">
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
or sent by registered mail to the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation. If the Board of Directors determines that the Stockholder Special Meeting
Request complies with the provisions of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">these&nbsp;By-Laws&nbsp;and</FONT> that the proposal to be considered or business to be conducted is a proper subject for Stockholder action under applicable law, the Board of
Directors shall call and send notice of a Stockholder Requested Special Meeting for the purpose set forth in the Stockholder Special Meeting Request in accordance with Section&nbsp;5 of
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">these&nbsp;By-Laws.&nbsp;The</FONT> business transacted at any Special Meeting of Stockholders shall be limited to the matters set forth in the notice of such meeting. The Board of Directors shall determine the
place, if any, and date for such Stockholder Requested Special Meeting, which date shall be not later than 90 days following the Corporation&#146;s receipt of a valid Stockholder Special Meeting Request from the holders of at least the Requisite
Percentage, and the record date(s) for Stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at such Stockholder Requested Special Meeting. Subject to the foregoing sentence, the Board of Directors may postpone, recess, reschedule or cancel any previously
scheduled special meeting of stockholders. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section&nbsp;4, a Stockholder Requested
Special Meeting shall not be held if (i)&nbsp;the Stockholder Special Meeting Request does not comply with <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">these&nbsp;By-Laws,&nbsp;(ii)&nbsp;the</FONT> business specified in the Stockholder Special Meeting Request
is not a proper subject for stockholder action under applicable law, (iii)&nbsp;the Board of Directors has called or calls for an annual or special meeting of Stockholders to be held within 90 days after the Secretary receives the Stockholder
Special Meeting Request and the Board of Directors determines that the business of such meeting includes (among any other matters properly brought before the annual or special meeting) the business specified in the Stockholder Special Meeting
Request, (iv)&nbsp;the Stockholder Special Meeting Request is received by the Secretary during the period commencing 90 days prior to the anniversary date of the prior year&#146;s annual meeting of stockholders and ending on the date of the final
adjournment of the next annual meeting of stockholders, (v)&nbsp;an identical or substantially similar item (a &#147;Similar Item&#148;) was presented at any meeting of Stockholders held within 30 days prior to receipt by the Secretary of the
Stockholder Special Meeting Request (and, for purposes of this clause (v), the nomination, election or removal of directors shall be deemed a &#147;Similar Item&#148; with respect to all items of business involving the nomination, election or
removal of directors, the changing of the size of the Board of Directors and the filling of vacancies and/or newly created directorships), or (vi)&nbsp;the Stockholder Special Meeting Request was made in a manner that involved a violation of
Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act, or other applicable law. If none of the Requesting Stockholders who submitted a Stockholder Special Meeting Request appears or sends a qualified representative to present the item of business submitted by the
Requesting Stockholder(s) for consideration at the Stockholder Requested Special Meeting, such item of business shall not be submitted for vote of the stockholders at such Stockholder Requested Special Meeting, notwithstanding that proxies in
respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation or such Requesting Stockholder(s). Whether the Requesting Stockholders have complied with the requirements of this Section&nbsp;4 and related provisions of
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">the&nbsp;By-Laws&nbsp;shall</FONT> be determined in good faith by the Board of Directors, which determination shall be exclusive and binding on the Corporation and the Stockholders of the Corporation. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">3 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e) Any Stockholder who submitted a Stockholder Special Meeting Request may revoke its
written request by written revocation delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation at any time prior to the Stockholder Requested Special Meeting. A Stockholder Special Meeting Request shall be deemed revoked (and
any meeting scheduled in response may be cancelled) if the Stockholders submitting the Stockholder Special Meeting Request, and any beneficial owners on whose behalf they are acting, do not continue to &#147;Own&#148; (as defined in
Section&nbsp;7(A)(iii) of Article III below) at least the Requisite Percentage at all times between the date the Special Meeting Request is received by the Corporation and the date of the applicable Stockholder Requested Special Meeting, and the
Requesting Stockholder shall promptly notify the Secretary of any decrease in ownership of shares of stock of the Corporation that results in such a revocation. If, as a result of any revocations, there are no longer valid unrevoked written requests
from the Requisite Percentage, there shall be no requirement to call or hold the Stockholder Requested Special Meeting. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;5.
Unless otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws,</FONT> notice of each Special Meeting shall be given in the manner set forth in Article VI of these
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws</FONT> not less than ten nor more than sixty days before the date of the meeting, to each Stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting as of the record date for notice of such meeting. Each such notice of
Special Meeting shall state the place, if any, date and hour of the meeting, the record date for determining the Stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting (if such date is different from the record date for Stockholders entitled to notice of the
meeting), and the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called and the means of remote communication, if any, by which Stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;6. Except as otherwise required by law or the Certificate of Incorporation, the presence in person or by proxy of holders of a
majority in voting power of the outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote at the meeting of Stockholders shall be necessary, and shall constitute a quorum, for the transaction of business at such meeting. If a quorum is not present or represented
by proxy at any meeting of Stockholders, the chairman of the meeting or the Stockholders who are present in person or represented by proxy, may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a
quorum is present or represented by proxy. If the adjournment is for more than thirty days, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each Stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting in the manner set forth in Article VI. If after
the adjournment a new record date for determination of Stockholders entitled to vote is fixed for the adjourned meeting, the Board of Directors shall fix as the record date for determining Stockholders entitled to notice of such adjourned meeting
the same or an earlier date as that fixed for determination of Stockholders entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting, and shall give notice of the adjourned meeting to each Stockholder of record entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting as of the
record date so fixed for notice of such adjourned meeting in the manner set forth in Article VI. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;7. At any meeting of
Stockholders each Stockholder having the right to vote shall be entitled to vote in person or by proxy. Except as otherwise provided by law, each Stockholder of record shall be entitled to the number of votes for each share of stock entitled to vote
as determined in accordance with Article FOURTH of the Certificate of Incorporation. All matters presented to the Stockholders at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall, unless a different or minimum vote is required by the Certificate of
Incorporation, these <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws,</FONT> the rules or regulations of any stock exchange applicable to the Corporation, or any law or regulation applicable to the Corporation or its securities, in which case such
different or minimum vote shall be the applicable vote on the matter, be decided by the vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the outstanding shares of stock of the Corporation present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting
and entitled to vote on the subject matter. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;8. Each Stockholder entitled to vote at any meeting of Stockholders may, to the
fullest extent permitted by law, authorize another person or persons to act for such Stockholder as proxy by transmitting or authorizing the transmission of an electronic transmission, or by such other means as shall otherwise be permitted from time
to time by law. Every proxy shall be revocable at the pleasure of the Stockholder executing it, except in those cases where the proxy states that it is irrevocable and if, and only as long as, it is coupled with an interest sufficient in law to
support an irrevocable power. No proxy shall be valid more than three years after its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;9. If authorized by the Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, and subject to such guidelines and procedures as the Board of
Directors may adopt, Stockholders and proxy holders not physically present at a meeting of Stockholders may by means of remote communication, to the fullest extent permitted by law: (a)&nbsp;participate in a meeting of stockholders, and (b)&nbsp;be
deemed present in person and vote at a meeting of Stockholders whether such meeting is to be held at a designated place or solely by means of remote communication. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;10. (a) Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors and the proposal of other business to be considered by the
Stockholders may be made at an annual meeting of Stockholders only (i)&nbsp;pursuant to the Corporation&#146;s notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee
thereof), (ii) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof), (iii) otherwise brought before the Annual Meeting by any Stockholder of the Corporation who is a Stockholder of record on the date of the
giving of the notice, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who complied with the notice procedures set forth in this Section&nbsp;10, or (iv)&nbsp;with respect to nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors, by an Eligible
Stockholder (as defined in Section&nbsp;7 of Article III of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">these&nbsp;By-Laws)&nbsp;who</FONT> complies with the requirements set forth in Section&nbsp;7 of Article III of
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">these&nbsp;By-Laws.</FONT> </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) For nominations or other business to be properly brought before an Annual
Meeting by a Stockholder under clause (iii)&nbsp;of paragraph (a)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;10, the Stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation and such business (other than nominations of persons
for election to the Board of Directors) must be a proper subject for Stockholder action under the Delaware General Corporation Law. To be timely, a Stockholder&#146;s notice must be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of
the Corporation not more than 120 days or less than 90 days prior to the first anniversary of the previous year&#146;s annual meeting; provided, however, that if the date of the annual meeting is advanced by more than 40 days or delayed by more than
40 days from such anniversary date, then notice by the Stockholder to be timely must be delivered not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to the annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th
day prior to the annual meeting or the 10th day following the day on which the date of the meeting is first publicly announced by the Corporation. In no event shall the postponement or adjournment of an annual meeting or the public announcement
thereof commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a Stockholder&#146;s notice as described above. For the avoidance of doubt, a Stockholder shall not be entitled to make additional or substitute
</P>
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nominations following the expiration of the time periods set forth in these <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws.</FONT> The number of nominees a Stockholder may nominate for election at the
annual meeting (or in the case of one or more Stockholders giving the notice on behalf of a beneficial owner, the number of nominees such Stockholders may nominate for election at the annual meeting on behalf of such beneficial owner) shall not
exceed the number of directors to be elected at such annual meeting. Such Stockholder&#146;s notice must set forth (i)&nbsp;as to each person whom the Stockholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a director, (A)&nbsp;all
information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act (including such person&#146;s
written consent to being named in the Corporation&#146;s proxy statement as a nominee of the Stockholder and to serving as a director if elected), and (B)&nbsp;a description of all direct and indirect compensation and other material monetary
arrangements, agreements or understandings during the past three years, and any other material relationship, if any, between the Stockholder and any beneficial owner and any of their respective affiliates or associates, or others with whom they are
acting in concert (each of the foregoing, a &#147;Stockholder Associated Person&#148;), on the one hand, and the proposed nominee, and his or her respective affiliates or associates, on the other hand; (ii)&nbsp;as to any other business that the
Stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting, a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and in the event that such business includes a proposal
to amend <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">the&nbsp;By-Laws,&nbsp;the</FONT> language of the proposed amendment), the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting and any material interest in such business of such Stockholder and the
beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made; and (iii)&nbsp;as to the Stockholder giving the notice and the beneficial owners, if any, on whose behalf the nomination or proposal is made (A)&nbsp;the name and address of such
Stockholder, as they appear on the Corporation&#146;s books, and of such beneficial owner, (B)&nbsp;the class or series and number of shares of stock of the Corporation which are owned (beneficially or of record) by such Stockholder and such
beneficial owner, (C)&nbsp;a description of all agreements, arrangements or understandings between or among such Stockholder and any Stockholder Associated Person, in connection with the proposal of such business or nomination by such Stockholder
and any material interest of such Stockholder and of any Stockholder Associated Person in such business, (D)&nbsp;a representation that such Stockholder or its agent or designee intends to appear in person or by proxy at the Annual Meeting to bring
such business or nomination before the meeting, (E)&nbsp;a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any derivative or short positions, profit interests, options, warrants, convertible securities, stock appreciation or
similar rights, hedging transactions, and borrowed or loaned shares) that has been entered into as of the date of the Stockholder&#146;s notice by, or on behalf of, such Stockholder and any Stockholder Associated Person, whether or not such
instrument or right shall be subject to settlement in underlying shares of capital stock of the Corporation, the effect or intent of which is to mitigate loss to, manage risk or benefit of share price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting
power of, such Stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person, with respect to securities of the Corporation (a &#147;Derivative Instrument&#148;), (F) any proportionate interest in shares of stock of the Corporation or Derivative Instruments held,
directly or indirectly, by a general or limited partnership, limited liability company or similar entity in which such Stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person is a general partner, manager, or managing member, or directly or indirectly
beneficially owns an interest in the general partner, manager or managing member of such limited partnership, limited liability company or similar entity, (G)&nbsp;any performance-related fees (other than an asset-based fee) that such Stockholder or
any Stockholder Associated Person </P>
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is entitled to based on any increase or decrease in the value of the shares of stock of the Corporation or any Derivative Instruments, (H)&nbsp;any direct or indirect material legal, economic or
financial interest of the Stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person in the outcome of any vote to be taken at any Annual or Special Meeting of Stockholders of the Corporation or of any other entity with respect to any matter that is
substantially related, directly or indirectly, to any nomination or other business proposed by any Stockholder under this Section&nbsp;10, (I) a representation that the nominee is not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or
understanding (whether written or oral) with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such person, if elected as a director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (1)&nbsp;that has not
been disclosed to the Corporation or (2)&nbsp;that could limit or interfere with such person&#146;s ability to comply, if elected a director of the Corporation, with such person&#146;s fiduciary duties under applicable law, (J)&nbsp;a representation
whether the Stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person intends or is part of a group which intends (1)&nbsp;to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the Corporation&#146;s outstanding capital
stock required to approve or adopt the proposal or elect the nominee, (2)&nbsp;otherwise to solicit proxies or votes from Stockholders in support of such proposal or nomination, and/or to solicit proxies in support of any proposed nominee in
accordance with Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14a-19</FONT> promulgated under the Exchange Act, and (K)&nbsp;any other information relating to such Stockholder and any Stockholder Associated Person required to be disclosed in a proxy
statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for, as applicable, the proposal and/or for the election of directors in an election contest pursuant to and in accordance with Section&nbsp;14(a) of the
Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. The foregoing notice requirements of this paragraph (b)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;10 shall be deemed satisfied by a Stockholder with respect to business other than a nomination if
the Stockholder has notified the Corporation of his, her or its intention to present a proposal at an Annual Meeting in compliance with applicable rules and regulations promulgated under the Exchange Act and such Stockholder&#146;s proposal has been
included in a proxy statement that has been prepared by the Corporation to solicit proxies for such Annual Meeting. The Corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as the Corporation may require to determine, among
other things, the independence of such proposed nominee or the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as a director of the Corporation. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">A Stockholder shall further update and supplement its notice of any nomination or other business proposed to be brought before a meeting, if
necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section&nbsp;10 shall be true and correct (i)&nbsp;as of the record date for notice and voting at the meeting and (ii)&nbsp;as of the date that is
ten (10)&nbsp;business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment, recess, rescheduling or postponement thereof; provided, that no update or supplement (including any notification as to a change in a Stockholder&#146;s intent to solicit proxies
contemplated by Section&nbsp;11 of this Article II) shall cure or affect the accuracy (or inaccuracy) of any representations made by any Stockholder, Stockholder Associated Person or nominee or the validity (or invalidity) of any nomination or
proposal that failed to comply with this Section&nbsp;10, Section&nbsp;11 of this Article II or any other applicable provision of these <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws</FONT> or is rendered invalid as a result of any inaccuracy therein.
Such update and supplement shall be delivered in writing to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than three (3)&nbsp;business days after the later of such record date or the date notice of such record date is
first publicly announced (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of such record date for the meeting) and not later than seven (7)&nbsp;business days prior to the date for the meeting and any adjournment, recess,
rescheduling or postponement thereof in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10)&nbsp;business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment, recess, rescheduling or postponement thereof, if practicable (or, if not
practicable, on the first practicable date prior to the meeting). </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Notwithstanding anything in this Section&nbsp;10 to the contrary, if the number of directors
to be elected to the Board of Directors at the Annual Meeting is increased effective after the time period for which notice of nominations would otherwise be due under paragraph (b)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;10 and there is no public announcement
naming the nominees for the additional directorships at least 100 days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year&#146;s Annual Meeting, then a Stockholder&#146;s notice required by this Section&nbsp;10 will also be considered timely, but
only with respect to nominees for the additional directorships, if it is delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which such public
announcement is first made by the Corporation. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) Only such business may be conducted at a Special Meeting of Stockholders as has been
brought before the meeting pursuant to the Corporation&#146;s notice of meeting. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made at a Special Meeting of Stockholders at which directors are to be elected pursuant to the
Corporation&#146;s notice of meeting (i)&nbsp;given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof) or the Requesting Stockholders requesting the calling of such Special Meeting of Stockholders pursuant to
Section&nbsp;4 of this Article II of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">these&nbsp;By-Laws&nbsp;or</FONT> (ii)&nbsp;provided that the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof) or Requesting Stockholders requesting the calling of
such Special Meeting of Stockholders pursuant to Section&nbsp;4 of this Article II of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">these&nbsp;By-Laws&nbsp;has</FONT> determined that directors shall be elected at such meeting, by any Stockholder of the
Corporation who is a Stockholder of record at the time of giving the notice required by this Section&nbsp;10, who is entitled to vote at the meeting upon such election and who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section&nbsp;10.
The number of nominees a Stockholder may nominate for election at the special meeting (or in the case of one or more Stockholders giving the notice on behalf of a beneficial owner, the number of nominees such Stockholders may nominate for election
at the Special Meeting of Stockholders on behalf of such beneficial owner) shall not exceed the number of directors to be elected at such Special Meeting of Stockholders. In the event a Special Meeting of Stockholders is duly called for the purpose
of electing one or more directors to the Board of Directors, any such Stockholder entitled to vote in such election of directors may nominate a person or persons (as the case may be) for election to such position(s) as specified in the
Corporation&#146;s notice of meeting if the Stockholder&#146;s notice required by paragraph (b)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;10 is delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not earlier than the close of business
on the 120th day prior to such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day prior to such special meeting or the 10th day following the day on which public announcement is first made of the date of the
Special Meeting of Stockholders at which directors are to be elected. In no event shall the adjournment or postponement of a Special Meeting of Stockholders or the public announcement thereof commence a new time period (or extend any time period)
for the giving of a Stockholder&#146;s notice as described above. The proposal by Stockholders of other business to be conducted at a Special Meeting shall be made only in accordance with Section&nbsp;4 of this Article II <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">these&nbsp;By-Laws.</FONT> </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d) Only those persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this
Section&nbsp;10, or, with respect to Annual Meetings only, Section&nbsp;7 of Article III, will be eligible for election as directors at any meeting of Stockholders. Only business brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth
in this Section&nbsp;10 or in Section&nbsp;4 of this Article II&nbsp;may be conducted at a meeting of Stockholders. The chairman of the meeting (and the Board of Directors in advance of any meeting) has the power and duty to determine whether a
nomination or any business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section&nbsp;10, Section&nbsp;11 of this Article II or any other applicable provision of these <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws</FONT> (including, without limitation, whether the Stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person solicited (or is part of a group which solicited) or did not so solicit, as the case may be, proxies or votes in
support of such Stockholder&#146;s nominee or proposal in compliance with such Stockholder&#146;s representations as required by clause (b)(iii)(I) of this Section&nbsp;10) and, if any proposed nomination or business is not in compliance with this
Section&nbsp;10, Section&nbsp;11 of this Article II or any other applicable provision of these <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws,</FONT> to declare that such defective nomination or proposal shall be disregarded. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e) For purposes of this Section&nbsp;10, &#147;public announcement&#148; shall include disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow
Jones News Service, Associated Press, Business Wire, PR Newswire or comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Exchange Act. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section&nbsp;10 or Section&nbsp;4 of this Article II, a Stockholder shall also comply
with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section&nbsp;10 (including, where applicable, Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14a-19</FONT> under the
Exchange Act). Nothing in these&nbsp;By-Laws&nbsp;shall be deemed to remove any obligation of Stockholders to comply with the requirements of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Rule&nbsp;14a-8&nbsp;under</FONT> the Exchange Act with respect to
proposals requested to be included in the Corporation&#146;s proxy statement pursuant to said <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Rule&nbsp;14a-8.</FONT> </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section&nbsp;10, unless otherwise required by law, if the Stockholder (or a qualified
representative of the Stockholder) does not appear at the Annual Meeting or Special Meeting of Stockholders of the Corporation to present a nomination or proposed business, such nomination shall be disregarded and such proposed business shall not be
transacted, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation. For purposes of this Section&nbsp;10, to be considered a qualified representative of the Stockholder, a person must be a duly authorized
officer, manager or partner of such Stockholder or must be authorized by a writing executed by such Stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such Stockholder to act for such Stockholder as proxy at the meeting of Stockholders and such
person must produce such writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the writing or electronic transmission, at the meeting of Stockholders. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;11. Universal Proxy Matters. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in these <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws,</FONT>
if any Stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person (i)&nbsp;provides notice pursuant to Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14a-19(b)</FONT> under the Exchange Act and (ii)&nbsp;either (a) notifies the Corporation that such Stockholder no longer
intends to solicit proxies in support of director nominees other than the Corporation&#146;s nominees in accordance with Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14a-19</FONT> under the Exchange Act, (b)&nbsp;fails to
</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">9 </P>

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comply with the requirements of Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14a-19(a)(2)</FONT> or Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14a-19(a)(3)</FONT> under the Exchange Act or (c)&nbsp;fails to
timely provide reasonable evidence sufficient to satisfy the Corporation that such Stockholder has met the requirements of Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14a-19(a)(3)</FONT> promulgated under the Exchange Act in accordance with the
penultimate sentence of this Section&nbsp;11, then the Corporation shall disregard any proxies or votes solicited for the nominees proposed by such Stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person. In addition, any Stockholder that provides notice
pursuant to Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14a-19(b)</FONT> under the Exchange Act shall notify the Secretary within two (2)&nbsp;business days of any change in such Stockholder&#146;s intent to solicit proxies from the holders of shares
representing at least 67% of the voting power of shares entitled to vote on the election of directors in support of director nominees other than the Corporation&#146;s nominees. Upon request by the Corporation, if any Stockholder provides notice
pursuant to Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14a-19(b)</FONT> under the Exchange Act, such Stockholder shall deliver to the Secretary, no later than five business days prior to the applicable meeting date, reasonable evidence that the
requirements of Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14a-19(a)(3)</FONT> under the Exchange Act have been satisfied. Any notice or other information required to be delivered to the Corporation pursuant to this Section&nbsp;11 of this Article II
must be given in writing by personal delivery, by overnight courier or by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, to the Secretary at the Corporation&#146;s principal executive offices. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;12. Meeting Procedures. The date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the Stockholders
will vote at a meeting shall be announced at the meeting by the chairman of the meeting. The Board of Directors may adopt by resolution such rules and regulations for the conduct of the meeting of Stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to
the extent inconsistent with such rules and regulations as adopted by the Board of Directors, the chairman of the meeting of Stockholders shall have the right and authority to convene and (for any or no reason) to recess and/or adjourn the meeting,
to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chairman, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board of Directors
or prescribed by the chairman of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (i)&nbsp;the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (ii)&nbsp;rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the
safety of those present; (iii)&nbsp;limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to Stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such other persons as the chairman of the meeting
shall determine; (iv)&nbsp;restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; and (v)&nbsp;limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants. The chairman of the meeting of Stockholders
(and the Board of Directors in advance of any meeting of Stockholders), in addition to making any other determinations that may be appropriate to the conduct of the meeting, shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that a
matter or business was not properly brought before the meeting and if such chairman (or Board of Directors) should so determine, such chairman shall so declare to the meeting (or the Board of Directors shall so declare in advance of the meeting) and
any such matter or business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted or considered. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board of Directors or the chairman of the meeting, meetings of Stockholders shall not be required
to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">10 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;13. List of Stockholders Entitled to Vote. The Corporation shall prepare, at
least 10 days before every meeting of Stockholders, a complete list of the Stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting (provided, however, if the record date for determining the Stockholders entitled to vote is less than 10 days before the date of
the meeting, the list shall reflect the Stockholders entitled to vote as of the tenth day before the meeting date), arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each Stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each
Stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any Stockholder for any purpose germane to the meeting at least 10 days prior to the meeting (i)&nbsp;on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to
gain access to such list is provided with the notice of meeting or (ii)&nbsp;during ordinary business hours at the principal place of business of the Corporation. Except as otherwise provided by law, the stock ledger shall be the only evidence as to
who are the Stockholders entitled to examine the list of Stockholders required by this Section&nbsp;13 or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of Stockholders. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">ARTICLE III </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">DIRECTORS </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;1. The Board of Directors shall manage the business of the Corporation and shall have and may exercise all the powers of the
Corporation except in cases where such power is reserved to the Stockholders by law or the Certificate of Incorporation. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;2.
The number of directors which shall constitute the entire Board of Directors shall be such number, not less than three nor more than fifteen, as shall be determined by the Board of Directors in accordance with Article FIFTH of the Certificate of
Incorporation. As used in these <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws,</FONT> the term &#147;entire Board of Directors&#148; means the total number of directors which the Corporation would have if there were no vacancies. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;3. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws,</FONT> the directors shall be elected at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders by written ballot, and shall serve for such term as may be provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, and until their successors
are duly elected and qualified or until their earlier death, resignation or removal. For the avoidance of doubt, commencing with the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held in 2021, all directors shall be elected for
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">one-year</FONT> terms expiring at the next Annual meeting of Stockholders. Each director nominee shall be elected by the affirmative vote of the majority of the votes cast with respect to the nominee at any meeting
for the election of directors at which a quorum is present, provided that if as of a date that is 14 days in advance of the date the Corporation files its definitive proxy statement (regardless of whether or not thereafter revised or supplemented)
with the Securities and Exchange Commission the number of nominees for election at such meeting exceeds the number of directors to be elected at such meeting, the directors shall be elected by the vote of a plurality of the votes cast by
Stockholders present in person or represented by proxy at any such meeting and entitled to vote on the election of directors. For purposes of this Section&nbsp;3, a majority of the votes cast means that the number of shares voted &#147;for&#148; a
nominee&#146;s election must exceed the number of votes cast &#147;against&#148; that nominee&#146;s election. Abstentions and broker <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-votes</FONT> are not counted as votes for or against any nominee. If directors
are to be elected by a plurality of the votes cast, Stockholders shall not be permitted to vote against a nominee. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if authorized by the Board of Directors, the election of directors may be, to the fullest extent
permitted by law, by a ballot submitted by electronic transmission or by such other means as may be permitted from time to time by law. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">11 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;4. Any of the directors may be removed and the resulting vacancy filled only in
accordance with Article FIFTH of the Certificate of Incorporation. Any newly created directorships shall be filled only in accordance with Article FIFTH of the Certificate of Incorporation. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;5. The books and records of the Corporation may be kept at such place or places, if any, within or without the State of Delaware,
or on, or by means of, or be in the form of, any information storage device, method, or one or more electronic networks or databases (including one or more distributed electronic networks or databases) through which the records so kept can be
converted into clearly legible paper form within a reasonable time, as the Corporation may from time to time determine. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;6.
The Board of Directors, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office, and irrespective of any personal interest of any of its members, shall have authority to establish reasonable compensation of any or all directors for
services to the Corporation as directors, officers or otherwise. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;7. Proxy Access for Director Nominations. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(A) <I>Information to be Included in the Corporation&#146;s Proxy Materials.</I> Following the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, the
Corporation shall include in its proxy statement for an Annual Meeting of Stockholders the Required Information (as defined below) with respect to any person nominated for election at such Annual Meeting to the Board of Directors in accordance with
this Section&nbsp;7 (a &#147;Stockholder Nominee&#148;) by an Eligible Stockholder (as defined below) who complies with the requirements of this Section&nbsp;7 and expressly elects in the written notice required by this Section&nbsp;7 (the
&#147;Notice of Proxy Access Nomination&#148;) to have its Stockholder Nominee included in the Corporation&#146;s proxy materials. The name of a Stockholder Nominee included in the Corporation&#146;s proxy statement for an Annual Meeting of
Stockholders pursuant to this Section&nbsp;7 shall also be set forth on the form of proxy distributed by the Corporation in connection with such Annual Meeting. Nothing in this Section&nbsp;7 shall limit the Corporation&#146;s ability to solicit
against any Stockholder Nominee or include in its proxy materials the Corporation&#146;s own statements or other information relating to any Eligible Stockholder or Stockholder Nominee, including any information provided to the Corporation pursuant
to this Section&nbsp;7. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">For purposes of this Section&nbsp;7: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(i)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">the &#147;Required Information&#148; means: </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="13%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(a)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">the name of any Stockholder Nominee; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="13%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(b)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">other information concerning the Stockholder Nominee and the Eligible Stockholder that is (1)&nbsp;included in
the Notice of Proxy Access Nomination and (2)&nbsp;required to be disclosed in the Corporation&#146;s proxy statement pursuant to the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission or other applicable law; and </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">12 </P>

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<TD WIDTH="13%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(c)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">if the Eligible Stockholder elects in accordance with this Section&nbsp;7, a Supporting Statement (as defined
below). </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(ii)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">an &#147;Eligible Stockholder&#148; is a Stockholder or group of no more than twenty (20)&nbsp;Stockholders
that: </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="13%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(a)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">has Owned continuously for at least three years (the &#147;Minimum Holding Period&#148;) as of both the Receipt
Date (as defined in subparagraph 7(B) below) and the record date for determining Stockholders eligible to vote at the applicable Annual Meeting, at least three percent of the shares of stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote in the
election of directors as of the Receipt Date (the &#147;Required Shares&#148;), and </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="13%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(b)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">Owns continuously the Required Shares at all times between the Receipt Date and the date of the applicable
Annual Meeting, and </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="13%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(c)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">satisfies all other requirements of, and complies with all applicable procedures set forth in, this
Section&nbsp;7, including providing evidence of continuous Ownership of the Required Shares for the Minimum Holding Period from one or more securities intermediaries or registered Stockholders, provided that for purposes of calculating the maximum
number of Stockholders (1)&nbsp;a record holder acting on behalf of one or more beneficial Owners will not be counted separately as a Stockholder with respect to capital stock Owned by beneficial Owners on whose behalf such record holder has been
directed in writing to act, but each such beneficial Owner will constitute a Stockholder, and (2)&nbsp;two or more funds that are part of the same Qualifying Fund Group shall be counted as one Stockholder, provided that each fund included within a
Qualifying Fund Group otherwise meets the requirements set forth in this Section&nbsp;7. A &#147;Qualifying Fund Group&#148; is a group of two or more funds that are (A)&nbsp;under common management and investment control, (B)&nbsp;under common
management and funded primarily by the same employer or (C)&nbsp;a &#147;family of investment companies&#148; or a &#147;group of investment companies&#148; (each as defined in or under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended).
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(iii)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">An Eligible Stockholder shall be deemed to &#147;Own&#148; only those outstanding shares of stock as to which
it possesses both (a)&nbsp;full voting and investment rights and (b)&nbsp;full economic interest (including the opportunity for profit and risk of loss); provided that such number will exclude any shares that (I)&nbsp;have been sold by such
Stockholder or any of its affiliates in a transaction that has not settled or closed, (II)&nbsp;with respect to which the Stockholder&#146;s economic interest has been reduced or otherwise hedged as a result of engaging in any other transaction,
such as a short sale, with respect to securities of the same or a related class, whether or not the transaction </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">13 </P>

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is settled in stock or in cash, (III)&nbsp;have been borrowed by such Stockholder or its affiliates for any purposes or purchased by such Stockholder or its affiliates pursuant to an agreement to
resell, or (IV)&nbsp;are subject to any option, warrant, forward contract, swap, contract of sale, other derivative or similar instrument or agreement entered into by such Stockholder or its affiliates, whether any such instrument or agreement is to
be settled with shares or cash, in any such case which instrument or agreement has, or is intended to have, the purpose or effect of (1)&nbsp;reducing in any manner the right of such Stockholder or affiliate to vote or direct the voting of such
shares and/or (2)&nbsp;hedging, offsetting or altering to any degree any gain or loss realized or realizable from maintaining the full economic ownership of such shares by such Stockholder or affiliate. A Stockholder&#146;s ownership of shares will
continue during any period in which the Stockholder has (A)&nbsp;loaned such shares, provided that the Stockholder has the power to recall such loaned shares on not more than five business days&#146; advance notice and includes in the Notice of
Proxy Access Nomination an agreement that it will (i)&nbsp;promptly recall such shares upon being notified that any of its Stockholder Nominees will be included in the Corporation&#146;s proxy materials and (ii)&nbsp;continue to hold such shares
through the date of the Annual Meeting or (B)&nbsp;delegated any voting power by means of a proxy, power of attorney or other instrument or arrangement that is revocable at any time by the Stockholder. The terms &#147;Owned,&#148;
&#147;Owning,&#148; &#147;Ownership&#148; and other variations of the word &#147;Own&#148; shall have correlative meanings. Whether outstanding shares of stock of the Corporation are &#147;Owned&#148; for these purposes shall be determined by the
Board of Directors or a duly authorized committee thereof, in each case in its sole discretion. For purposes of this Section&nbsp;7, the term &#147;affiliate&#148; or &#147;affiliates&#148; shall have the meaning ascribed thereto under the General
Rules and Regulations under the Exchange Act. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(B) <I>Notice Period</I>. A Notice of Proxy Access Nomination must be in
writing and received by the Secretary (the date of such receipt, the &#147;Receipt Date&#148;) at the principal executive offices of the Corporation no later than the 120<SUP STYLE="font-size:75%; vertical-align:top">th</SUP> day&nbsp;(such day as
it may be revised pursuant to the following proviso, the &#147;Final Proxy Access Nomination Date&#148;) nor more than 150 days prior to the first anniversary of the date that the Corporation commenced mailing of its definitive proxy statement in
connection with the Annual Meeting of Stockholders in the immediately preceding year; provided that if the date of the Annual Meeting is advanced by more than 40 days or delayed by more than 40 days from the anniversary of the preceding year&#146;s
Annual Meeting, the Receipt Date must be received by the Secretary not later than the close of business on the later of the 120th day prior to the Annual Meeting and the 10th day following the day on which the date of the Annual Meeting is publicly
announced.<SUP STYLE="font-size:75%; vertical-align:top"> </SUP>In no event shall the adjournment or postponement of the Annual Meeting, or the public announcement of such an adjournment or postponement, commence a new time period (or extend any
time period) for the giving of a Notice of Proxy Access Nomination. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">14 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(C) <I>Permitted Number of Stockholder Nominees</I>. (i)&nbsp;The maximum number of
Stockholder Nominees that will be included in the Corporation&#146;s proxy materials with respect to an Annual Meeting of Stockholders shall not exceed the greater of (x)&nbsp;two and (y) 20% (rounded down to the nearest whole number) of the number
of directors in office as of the Final Proxy Access Nomination Date (such number, as it may be adjusted pursuant to this subparagraph 7(C), the &#147;Permitted Number&#148;). In the event that one or more vacancies on the Board of Directors occurs
after the Final Proxy Access Nomination Date but before the date of the Annual Meeting and the Board of Directors resolves to reduce the size of the Board of Directors in connection therewith, the Permitted Number shall be calculated based on the
number of Directors in office as so reduced. In addition, the Permitted Number shall be reduced by: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) the number of individuals that
will be included in the Corporation&#146;s proxy materials as nominees recommended by the Board of Directors pursuant to an agreement, arrangement or other understanding with a Stockholder or group of Stockholders (other than any such agreement,
arrangement or understanding entered into in connection with an acquisition of stock from the Corporation by such Stockholder or group of Stockholders); </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) the number of directors in office as of the Final Proxy Access Nomination Date who were included in the Corporation&#146;s proxy materials
as Stockholder Nominees for any of the two preceding Annual Meetings of Stockholders (including any persons counted as Stockholder Nominees in connection with such Annual Meetings pursuant to the immediately succeeding sentence) and whom the Board
of Directors or any duly authorized committee thereof decides to nominate for <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">re-election</FONT> to the Board of Directors; and </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) the number of individuals nominated by an Eligible Stockholder for inclusion in the Corporation&#146;s proxy materials pursuant to this
Section&nbsp;7 whose nomination is subsequently withdrawn or whom the Board of Directors or any duly authorized committee thereof nominates for election to the Board of Directors. </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(ii)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">Any Eligible Stockholder submitting more than one Stockholder Nominee for inclusion in the Corporation&#146;s
proxy materials pursuant to this Section&nbsp;7 shall rank such Stockholder Nominees in the order in which the Eligible Stockholder desires such Stockholder Nominees to be selected for inclusion in the Corporation&#146;s proxy materials. In the
event that the number of Stockholder Nominees submitted by Eligible Stockholders pursuant to this Section&nbsp;7 exceeds the Permitted Number, the Stockholder Nominees to be selected for inclusion in the Corporation&#146;s proxy materials will be
determined as follows: </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="13%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(1)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">The highest ranking Stockholder Nominee of each Eligible Stockholder will be selected for inclusion in the
Corporation&#146;s proxy materials until the Permitted Number is reached, starting with the highest ranking Stockholder Nominee of the Eligible Stockholder with the most shares of stock entitled to vote for the election of directors disclosed as
Owned in its Notice of Proxy Access Nomination, and going in order to the Eligible Stockholder with the fewest shares of stock entitled to vote for the election of directors disclosed as Owned in its Notice of Proxy Access Nomination, until the
Permitted Number is reached. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">15 </P>

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<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="13%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(2)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">If the Permitted Number is not reached after the highest ranking Stockholder Nominee of each Eligible
Stockholder has been selected, then the next highest ranking Stockholder Nominee of each Eligible Stockholder will be selected for inclusion in the Corporation&#146;s proxy materials, going in the same order as is set forth in subparagraph
7(C)(ii)(1) above. This process will continue until the Permitted Number is reached. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Following such
determination, if any Stockholder Nominee who satisfies the eligibility requirements of this Section&nbsp;7: (y) thereafter is nominated by the Board of Directors or a duly authorized committee thereof or (z)&nbsp;thereafter is not included in the
Corporation&#146;s proxy materials or is not submitted for election as a director, in either case, as a result of the Nominating Stockholder becoming ineligible or withdrawing its nomination, the Stockholder Nominee becoming unwilling or unable to
serve on the Board of Directors or the Eligible Stockholder or the Stockholder Nominee failing to comply with the provisions of this Section&nbsp;7, no other nominee or nominees shall be included in the Corporation&#146;s proxy materials or
otherwise submitted for director election in substitution thereof. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(D) <I>Form of Notice</I>. The Notice of Proxy Access Nomination must
be in writing and include or be accompanied by the following: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(i)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">a written statement(s), from a person and in a form acceptable for purposes of a stockholder proposal under
Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14a-8(b)(2)</FONT> under the Exchange Act, certifying the number of shares of the Corporation the Eligible Stockholder Owns and has Owned continuously for the Minimum Holding Period, and the Eligible
Stockholder&#146;s agreement to provide (A)&nbsp;within five business days following the later of the record date for the Annual Meeting and the date the record date is first publicly disclosed, a written statement(s), from a person and in a form
acceptable for purposes of a stockholder proposal under Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14a-8(b)(2)</FONT> under the Exchange Act, certifying the number of shares the Eligible Stockholder Owns and has Owned continuously through the record
date, and (B)&nbsp;immediate notice if the Eligible Stockholder ceases to Own the Required Shares prior to the Annual Meeting; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(ii)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">documentary evidence in the form of one or more written statements from the record holder or holders of the
Required Shares (and from each intermediary through which the Required Shares are or have been held during the Minimum Holding Period, provided that each such intermediary must be a participant in the Depository Trust Company or an affiliate of a
participant in the Depository Trust Company) verifying that, as of a date within seven calendar days prior to the Receipt Date, the Eligible Stockholder Owns, and has Owned </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">16 </P>

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<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="13%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">
continuously for the Minimum Holding Period, the Required Shares, and the Eligible Stockholder&#146;s agreement to provide, within five business days following the later of the record date for
the Annual Meeting and the date the record date is first publicly disclosed, one or more written statements from the record holder and any such intermediaries verifying the Eligible Stockholder&#146;s continuous Ownership of the Required Shares
through the record date; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(iii)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">a copy of the Schedule 14N (or successor form) that has been or is concurrently being filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission by the Eligible Stockholder, in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(iv)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">the information, statements, representations, agreements and other documents that would be required to be set
forth in or included with a Stockholder&#146;s notice of nomination pursuant to Section&nbsp;10 of Article II of these <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws,</FONT> together with the written consent of each Stockholder Nominee to being named as a
nominee in the Corporation&#146;s proxy statement and form of proxy and to serve as a director if elected; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(v)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">a representation that the Eligible Stockholder (A)&nbsp;will continue to hold the Required Shares through the
Annual Meeting, (B)&nbsp;acquired the Required Shares in the ordinary course of business and not with the intent to change or influence control of the Corporation, and does not presently have such intent, (C)&nbsp;has not nominated and will not
nominate for election to the Board of Directors at the Annual Meeting any person other than the Stockholder Nominee(s) it is nominating pursuant to such Notice of Proxy Access Nomination, (D)&nbsp;has not engaged and will not engage in, and has not
and will not be a &#147;participant&#148; in another person&#146;s, &#147;solicitation&#148; within the meaning of Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14a-1(l)</FONT> under the Exchange Act in support of the election of any individual as a
director at the Annual Meeting other than its Stockholder Nominee(s) or a nominee of the Board of Directors, (E)&nbsp;has not distributed and will not distribute to any Stockholder any form of proxy for the Annual Meeting other than the form
distributed by the Corporation, (F)&nbsp;satisfies the eligibility requirements set forth in this Section&nbsp;7, (G) has complied and will comply with all laws and regulations applicable to solicitations and the use, if any, of soliciting material
in connection with the Annual Meeting, and (H)&nbsp;has provided and will provide facts, statements and other information in all communications with the Corporation and its Stockholders that are or will be true and correct in all material respects
and do not and will not omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">17 </P>

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<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(vi)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">an undertaking that the Eligible Stockholder agrees to (A)&nbsp;assume all liability stemming from any legal or
regulatory violation arising out of communications by or on behalf of the Eligible Stockholder with the Stockholders or out of the information provided by or on behalf of the Eligible Stockholder to the Corporation, (B)&nbsp;indemnify and hold
harmless the Corporation and each of its directors, officers and employees individually against any liability, loss or damages in connection with any threatened or pending action, suit or proceeding, whether legal, administrative or investigative,
against the Corporation or any of its directors, officers or employees arising out of any nomination submitted by the Eligible Stockholder pursuant to this Section&nbsp;7 or any solicitation or other activity in connection therewith, (C)&nbsp;file
with the Securities and Exchange Commission any solicitation or other communication with the Stockholders relating to the meeting at which such Eligible Stockholder&#146;s Stockholder Nominee(s) will be nominated, regardless of whether any such
filing is required under Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act or whether any exemption from filing is available for such solicitation or other communication under Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act, (D)&nbsp;comply with all other laws and regulations
applicable to any solicitation in connection with the Annual Meeting, and (E)&nbsp;upon request of the Corporation provide the Corporation prior to the Annual Meeting such additional information as necessary with respect thereto;
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(vii)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">in the case of a nomination by a group of Stockholders together constituting an Eligible Stockholder, the
designation by all group members of one member (including the name and contact information of an authorized representative) of the group that is authorized to receive communications, notices and inquiries from the Corporation and to act on behalf of
all members of the group with respect to all matters relating to the nomination under this Section&nbsp;7 (including withdrawal of the nomination); and </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(viii)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">in the case of a nomination by a group of Stockholders together constituting an Eligible Stockholder in which
two or more funds that are part of the same Qualifying Fund Group are counted as one Stockholder for purposes of qualifying as an Eligible Stockholder, documentation reasonably satisfactory to the Corporation that demonstrates that the funds are
part of the same Qualifying Fund Group. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(E) <I>Additional Information</I>. In addition to the information required
pursuant to subparagraph 7(D) or any other provision of these <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws,</FONT> (i)&nbsp;the Corporation may require any proposed Stockholder Nominee to furnish any other information (A)&nbsp;that may reasonably be
required by the Corporation to determine whether the Stockholder Nominee would be independent as determined by the Corporation, (B)&nbsp;that could be material to a reasonable Stockholder&#146;s understanding of the independence, or lack thereof, of
such Stockholder Nominee or (C)&nbsp;that may reasonably be required by the Corporation to determine the eligibility of such Stockholder Nominee to serve as a director of the Corporation, and (ii)&nbsp;the Corporation may require the Eligible
Stockholder to furnish any other information that may reasonably be required by the Corporation to verify the Eligible Stockholder&#146;s continuous Ownership of the Required Shares for the Minimum Holding Period. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">18 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(F) <I>Agreements of the Shareholder Nominee</I>. At the request of the Corporation, each
Stockholder Nominee must deliver to the Secretary a written representation and agreement (a form of which may be obtained upon written request of the Secretary) that such Stockholder Nominee (i)&nbsp;is not and will not become a party to
(1)&nbsp;any Voting Commitment that has not been disclosed to the Corporation in such representation and agreement or (2)&nbsp;any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such person&#146;s ability to comply, if elected as a director of
the Corporation, with such person&#146;s fiduciary duties under applicable law, (ii)&nbsp;is not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation with respect to any
direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action as a director that has not been disclosed to the Corporation in such representation and agreement, (iii)&nbsp;would be in compliance, if elected
as a director of the Corporation, and will comply with the Corporation&#146;s code of conduct and ethics, corporate governance guidelines, stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines and any other policies or guidelines of the Corporation
applicable to directors and (iv)&nbsp;will make such other acknowledgments, enter into such agreements and provide such information as the Board of Directors requires of all directors, including promptly submitting all completed and signed
questionnaires and other documents and agreements required of the Corporation&#146;s directors. &#147;Voting Commitment&#148; shall mean any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, or any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to
how a Stockholder Nominee, if elected as a director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(G) <I>Supporting
Statement</I>. The Eligible Stockholder may, at its option, provide to the Secretary of the Corporation, at the time the Notice of Proxy Access Nomination is provided, a written statement, not to exceed 500 words, in support of the Stockholder
Nominee(s)&#146; candidacy (a &#147;Supporting Statement&#148;). Only one Supporting Statement may be submitted by an Eligible Stockholder (including any group of Stockholders together constituting an Eligible Stockholder) in support of its
Stockholder Nominee(s). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Section&nbsp;7, the Corporation may omit from its proxy materials any information or Supporting Statement (or portion thereof) that it, in good faith, believes would
violate any applicable law or regulation. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(H) <I>Correction of Defects</I>. In the event that any information or communications provided
by an Eligible Stockholder or a Stockholder Nominee to the Corporation or its Stockholders ceases to be true and correct in all material respects or omits to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances
under which they were made, not misleading, such Eligible Stockholder or Stockholder Nominee, as the case may be, shall promptly notify the Secretary of the Corporation of any defect in such previously provided information and of the information
that is required to correct any such defect; it being understood that providing such notification shall not be deemed to cure any such defect or limit the remedies available to the Corporation relating to any such defect (including the right to omit
a Stockholder Nominee from its proxy materials pursuant to this Section&nbsp;7). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(I) <I>Stockholder Nominee Eligibility</I>.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Section&nbsp;7, the Corporation shall not be required to include in its proxy materials, pursuant to this Section&nbsp;7, any Stockholder Nominee (i)&nbsp;who would not be an independent
under the listing standards of each principal U.S. exchange upon which the common stock of the Corporation is listed, any applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and any publicly disclosed standards used by the Board of Directors
in determining and disclosing independence of the Corporation&#146;s directors, in each case as determined by the Board of Directors or any duly authorized committee thereof in its sole discretion, (ii)&nbsp;whose election as a member of the Board
of Directors would cause the Corporation to be in violation of these <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws,</FONT> the Certificate of Incorporation, the rules and listing standards of the principal United States securities exchanges upon
</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">19 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
which the stock of the Corporation is listed or traded, or any applicable state or federal law, rule or regulation, (iii)&nbsp;who is or has been, within the past three years, an officer or
director of a competitor, as defined for purposes of Section&nbsp;8 of the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914, (iv) who is a named subject of a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses) or has been convicted in
such a criminal proceeding within the past ten years, (v)&nbsp;who is subject to any order of the type specified in Rule 506(d) of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (vi)&nbsp;who is subject to an event for which
disclosure would be required by Item 401(f) of Regulation <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-K</FONT> in the Corporation&#146;s proxy statement for its annual meeting of stockholders, or (vii)&nbsp;who shall have provided any information to the
Corporation or its Stockholders that was untrue in any material respect or that omitted to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances in which they were made, not misleading, as determined by the Board
of Directors or any duly authorized committee thereof, in each case in its sole discretion. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(J) <I>Invalid Nominations</I>.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, the Corporation shall not be required to include in its proxy materials a Stockholder Nominee or any successor or replacement nominee proposed by the applicable Eligible Stockholder or any
other Eligible Stockholder, and the Board of Directors or the chair of the Annual Meeting shall declare such nomination to be invalid and such nomination shall be disregarded notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been
received by the Corporation, and the Corporation may omit or, to the extent feasible, remove the information concerning such Stockholder Nominee and the related Supporting Statement from its proxy materials and/or otherwise communicate to
Stockholders that such Stockholder Nominee will not be eligible for election at the Annual Meeting, if: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(i)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">a Stockholder Nominee and/or the applicable Eligible Stockholder breaches any of its agreements or
representations or fails to comply with any of its obligations under this Section&nbsp;7, </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(ii)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">a Stockholder Nominee otherwise becomes ineligible for inclusion in the Corporation&#146;s proxy materials
pursuant to this Section&nbsp;7 or dies, becomes disabled or otherwise becomes ineligible or unavailable for election at the Annual Meeting, in each case as determined by the Board of Directors, any duly authorized committee thereof or the chair of
the Annual Meeting, in each case in its sole discretion, </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(iii)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">the Eligible Stockholder (or a qualified representative thereof as defined in Section&nbsp;10 of Article II)
does not appear at the Annual Meeting to present any nomination pursuant to this Section&nbsp;7, or </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(iv)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">the Secretary of the Corporation receives notice that a Stockholder intends to nominate one or more persons for
election to the Board of Directors pursuant to the advance notice requirements for stockholder nominations set forth in Section&nbsp;10 of Article II of these <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws.</FONT> </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">20 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(K) <I>Restrictions on <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Re-Nominations</FONT></I>. Any
Stockholder Nominee who is included in the Corporation&#146;s proxy materials for a particular Annual Meeting of Stockholders but either (i)&nbsp;withdraws from or becomes ineligible or unavailable for election at the Annual Meeting, or
(ii)&nbsp;does not receive at least 25% of the votes cast in favor of such Stockholder Nominee&#146;s election, will be ineligible to be a Stockholder Nominee pursuant to this Section&nbsp;7 for the next two Annual Meetings of Stockholders. For the
avoidance of doubt, the immediately preceding sentence shall not prevent any Stockholder from nominating any person to the Board of Directors pursuant to and in accordance with Section&nbsp;10 of Article II of these
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws.</FONT> </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(L) <I>Exclusive Method</I>. Except for a nomination made in accordance with Rule <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14a-19</FONT> of the Exchange Act, Section&nbsp;7 provides the exclusive method for a Stockholder (including any Beneficial Owner deemed to be a Stockholder under this Section&nbsp;7) to include nominees for election to
the Board of Directors in the Corporation&#146;s proxy materials. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">ARTICLE IV </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">MEETINGS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;1. The first meeting of each newly elected Board of Directors shall be held immediately following the Annual Meeting of
Stockholders and at the place thereof, and no notice of such meeting need be given to the newly elected directors. If such first meeting is not so held, it shall be held at a time and place specified in a notice given in the manner provided for
notice of special meetings of the Board of Directors. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;2. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held upon such
notice, or without notice, and at such times and at such places within or without the State of Delaware, as shall from time to time be determined by the Board of Directors. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;3. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman or the Chief Executive Officer, at the request of
either of them or at the request of any five directors, in each case on at least 24 hours&#146; notice to each director. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;4.
Whenever notice of a meeting of the Board of Directors is required, the notice shall be given in the manner set forth in Article VI of these <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws</FONT> and shall state the place, if any, date and hour of the
meeting. Except as provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or other provisions of these <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws,</FONT> neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any meeting of the Board of Directors
need be specified in the notice or waiver of notice thereof. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;5. Except as otherwise required by law or the Certificate of
Incorporation or other provisions of these <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws,</FONT> the greater of (i)&nbsp;a majority of the directors in office and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">(ii)&nbsp;one-third</FONT> of the total number of
authorized directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the vote of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of Directors. If a quorum is not present at
any meeting of directors, a majority of the directors present at such meeting may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice of the adjourned meeting other than announcement at the meeting. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;6. Any action of the Board of Directors which is required or permitted to be taken at a meeting may be taken without a meeting if
all the members of the Board of Directors consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission. After an action is taken, the consent or consents relating thereto shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board of Directors in
the same paper or electronic form as the minutes are maintained. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">21 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">ARTICLE V </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">COMMITTEES </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;1. The
Board of Directors may designate from among its members an Executive Committee and other committees, each consisting of two or more directors. The Board of Directors may designate in like manner one or more of its members to serve as alternates on
such committees. To the extent permitted by law, the Executive Committee shall have and exercise all the authority of the Board of Directors, except as the Board shall otherwise expressly provide, and the other committees shall have such authority
as the Board shall provide. The Board of Directors, acting as aforesaid, shall have power at any time to change the membership of any such committees, to fill vacancies in the membership thereof, and to discharge any such committees. In the absence
or disqualification of a member of the committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he, she or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of
Directors to act at the meeting in place of any such absent or disqualified member. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;2. Each committee, as and when the Board
of Directors shall require, shall keep records of its actions and report upon the same to the Board of Directors. Unless the Board shall otherwise provide, a majority of the members of any committee may determine its actions and the procedures to be
followed at its meetings, and may fix the time and place of its meetings. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;3. Any action of any committee which is required
or permitted to be taken at a meeting may be taken without a meeting if all the members of the committee consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission. After an action is taken, the consent or consents relating thereto shall be filed with
the minutes of the proceedings of the committee in the same paper or electronic form as the minutes are maintained. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">ARTICLE VI </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">NOTICES AND WAIVERS THEREOF </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;1. Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively to Stockholders, any notice to Stockholders
given by the Corporation under any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws</FONT> may be given in writing directed to the Stockholder&#146;s mailing
address (or by electronic transmission directed to the Stockholder&#146;s electronic mail address, as applicable) as it appears on the records of the Corporation. Notice shall be given (i)&nbsp;if mailed, when deposited in the United States mail,
postage prepaid, (ii)&nbsp;if delivered by courier service, the earlier of when the notice is received or left at the Stockholder&#146;s address, or (iii)&nbsp;if given by electronic mail, when directed to such Stockholder&#146;s electronic mail
address (unless the Stockholder has notified the Corporation in writing or by electronic transmission of an objection to receiving notice by electronic mail or such notice is prohibited by the Delaware General Corporation Law to be given by
electronic transmission). A notice by electronic mail must include a prominent legend that the communication is an important notice regarding the Corporation. A notice by electronic mail will include any files attached thereto and any information
hyperlinked to a website if such electronic mail includes the contact information of an officer or agent of the Corporation who is available to </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">22 </P>

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assist with accessing such files or information. Any notice to Stockholders given by the Corporation under any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the Certificate of Incorporation
or these <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws</FONT> provided by means of electronic transmission (other than any such notice given by electronic mail) may only be given in a form consented to by such stockholder, and any such notice by such
means of electronic transmission shall be deemed to be given as provided by the Delaware General Corporation Law. The terms &#147;electronic mail,&#148; &#147;electronic mail address,&#148; &#147;electronic signature&#148; and &#147;electronic
transmission&#148; as used herein shall have the meanings ascribed thereto in the Delaware General Corporation Law. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;2.
Except as otherwise provided herein or permitted by applicable law, notices to directors may be in writing and delivered personally or mailed to such directors at such director&#146;s address appearing on the books of the Corporation or may be given
by telephone or by any means of electronic transaction (including, without limitation, electronic mail) directed to an address for receipt by such director of electronic transmissions appearing on the books of the Corporation. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;3. Whenever any notice is required to be given to any stockholder or any director, a written waiver thereof signed by the person
or persons entitled to such notice, or a waiver by electronic transmission by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the meeting, shall be deemed equivalent to the giving of such notice. In addition, attendance of a person at a
meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called
or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at nor the purpose of any regular or special meeting of the Stockholders, Board of Directors, or a committee of the Board of Directors need be specified in a waiver of notice. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">ARTICLE VII </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">OFFICERS </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;1. The officers of the Corporation shall be elected by the Board of Directors at the first meeting of each newly elected Board of
Directors following the Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Vacancies among these officers may be filled and additional such officers may be elected by the Board of Directors at any time. The officers of the Corporation shall be a Chief Executive
Officer, a President, one or more Vice Presidents (including the Vice President Finance), a Secretary, one or more Assistant Secretaries and such other officers of the Corporation as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine to be
desirable. The Board of Directors may also elect from among their number a Chairman of the Board who also shall be an officer of the Corporation. Any two or more such offices may be held by the same person. The Board of Directors shall designate one
officer as Chief Executive Officer, and may designate one officer as Chief Operating Officer. The Vice President Finance shall be the Chief Financial Officer wherever said designation is legally required. The officers of the Corporation shall have
such powers and duties in the management of the Corporation as may be prescribed in these <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws,</FONT> in a resolution by the Board of Directors and, to the extent not so provided, as generally pertain to their
respective offices, subject to the control of the Board of Directors. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">23 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;2. An officer shall hold office for such term as the Board of Directors shall
determine. Any officer elected or appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed at any time, for cause or without cause, by the Board of Directors. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;3. The compensation of all officers of the Corporation shall be fixed by the Board of Directors or in such manner as it may
provide. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;4. The Chairman of the Board, if there be a Chairman, shall preside at all meetings of Stockholders and of the
Board of Directors at which he shall be present, and shall have such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by the Board of Directors or by these <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws.</FONT> If there be no Chairman, or in his
absence or disability, the President shall preside at all meetings of stockholders and of the Board of Directors. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;5. The
Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation shall have general and active management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, and shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board are
carried into effect. The Chief Executive Officer shall have the authority, in his discretion, to vote, or give a proxy to vote, the stock of the Corporation&#146;s subsidiaries held in the name of the Corporation at meetings of stockholders of such
subsidiaries, or to consent on behalf of the Corporation to any action of stockholders or in lieu of a meeting. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;6. In the
absence or disability of the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Operating Officer, if there be one, shall perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Chief Executive Officer unless the Chief Executive Officer in contemplation of his absence
shall in writing have designated some other officer of the Corporation to perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Chief Executive Officer. If there be no Chief Operating Officer, then the officers of the Corporation in order of their
seniority shall perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Chief Executive Officer, unless the Board of Directors shall otherwise direct. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;7. The Chief Executive Officer may also appoint one or more officers of any division or department of the Corporation, with
duties and power limited to such division or department, but no such division or department officer shall be deemed to be an officer of the Corporation by virtue of such appointment. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;8. The other officers and the agents and employees of the Corporation shall each generally assist the Chief Executive Officer and
have such powers and perform such duties in the management of the property and affairs of the Corporation, subject to the control of the Board of Directors and the Chief Executive Officer, as generally pertain to their respective offices, as well as
such powers and duties as from time to time may be prescribed by the Board of Directors. The Board may require any officer, agent or employee to give security for the faithful performance of his duties. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">24 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">ARTICLE VIII </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">CERTIFICATE FOR SHARES </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;1. The shares of the Corporation will be represented by certificates unless the Board of Directors by resolution provides that
some or all of any classes or series of stock will be uncertificated shares. Any such resolution will not apply to shares represented by a certificate until the certificate is surrendered to the Corporation, and any such resolution may provide that,
notwithstanding the resolution&#146;s authorization of uncertificated shares, every holder of stock of the affected class or classes or series represented by certificates and upon request every holder of uncertificated shares of the affected class
or classes or series will be entitled to have a certificate representing shares. Certificates representing shares of stock of the Corporation shall be in such form as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe, signed by any two
authorized officers of the Corporation, which shall include the Chairman, the President, any Vice President, the Secretary, and any Assistant Secretary of the Corporation, and may be sealed with the seal of the Corporation or a facsimile thereof.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;2. The signatures of the officers of the Corporation or the officers of the transfer agent or registrar upon a certificate
may be facsimiles. If any such officer who has signed, or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate, shall cease to be such officer before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if
he were such officer at the date of its issue. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;3. The Corporation may direct a new certificate to be issued in place of any
certificate theretofore issued by the Corporation or, if the issuance of uncertificated shares has been duly authorized for the relevant class or series, uncertificated shares to be issued in place of any certificate theretofore issued by the
Corporation alleged to have been lost or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate or uncertificated shares, the Corporation, in its discretion, may require such indemnities as it deems adequate to protect the Corporation from any
claim that may be made against it with respect to any certificate alleged to have been lost or destroyed. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;4. Subject to the
requirements of applicable law, upon surrender to the Corporation or the transfer agent of the Corporation of a certificate representing shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of lawful succession, assignment or authority to
transfer, a new certificate shall be issued to the person entitled thereto, and the old certificate cancelled and the transaction recorded upon the books of the Corporation or, if the issuance of uncertificated shares has been duly authorized for
the class or series represented by such surrendered certificate, uncertificated shares shall be issued to the person entitled thereto, the old certificate shall be cancelled, and the transaction shall be recorded upon the books of the Corporation.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;5. In order that the Corporation may determine the Stockholders entitled to notice of any meeting of Stockholders or any
adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall, unless otherwise
required by law, not be more than sixty (60)&nbsp;nor less than ten (10)&nbsp;days before the date of such meeting. If the Board of Directors so fixes a date, such date shall also be the record date for determining the Stockholders entitled to vote
at such meeting unless the Board of Directors determines, at the time it fixes such record date, that a later date on or before the date of the meeting shall be the date for making such determination. If no record date is fixed by the Board of
Directors, the record date for determining Stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of Stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice
</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">25 </P>

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is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of Stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to
vote at a meeting of Stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for determination of Stockholders entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting, and in such case
shall also fix as the record date for Stockholders entitled to notice of such adjourned meeting the same or an earlier date as that fixed for determination of Stockholders entitled to vote in accordance herewith at the adjourned meeting. In order
that the corporation may determine the Stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the
purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall not be more than sixty
(60)&nbsp;days prior to such action. If no such record date is fixed, the record date for determining Stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating
thereto. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;6. The Corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the
owner of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and the Corporation shall be entitled to hold a person registered on its books as the owner of shares liable for calls and assessments, if any may legally be made, and shall not be
bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in shares of its stock on the part of any other person, whether or not the Corporation shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of Delaware.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">ARTICLE IX </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">INDEMNIFICATION
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;1. Each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is involved in any threatened, pending
or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (hereinafter a &#147;proceeding&#148;), by reason of the fact that he or she, or a person of whom he or she is the legal representative, is or was a
director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including
service with respect to employee benefit plans, whether the basis of such proceeding is alleged action or inaction in an official capacity as a director, officer, employee or agent or in any other capacity while serving as a director, officer,
employee or agent shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the
extent that such amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than said law permitted the Corporation to provide prior to such amendment), against all expense, liability and loss (including attorneys&#146; fees,
judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by such person in connection therewith, and such indemnification shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a
director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, executors and administrators; provided, however, that, except as provided in this Section&nbsp;1, the Corporation shall indemnify any such person seeking
indemnification in </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">26 </P>

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<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board of Directors of the Corporation. The Corporation
shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, pay the expenses (including attorney&#146;s fees) incurred by a person entitled to indemnification under this Section&nbsp;1 in defending any such proceeding in advance of its final disposition as
authorized by the Board of Directors; provided, however, that, if the Delaware General Corporation Law requires, the payment of such expenses incurred by a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation in his or her capacity as such in
advance of the final disposition of a proceeding, shall be made only upon delivery to the Corporation of an undertaking, by or on behalf of such director, officer, employee or agent, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be
determined that such director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise is not entitled to be indemnified as authorized by this Section. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;2. If a claim for indemnification under this Article IX (following final disposition of such proceeding) is not paid in full by
the Corporation within 60 days after a written claim has been received by the Corporation, or if a claim for any advancement of expenses under this Article IX is not paid in full within 30 days after the Corporation has received a statement or
statements requesting such amounts to be advanced, the claimant may at any time thereafter (but not before) bring suit against the Corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim and, if successful in whole or in part, the claimant shall be
entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting such claim. It shall be a defense to any such action (other than an action brought to enforce a claim for expenses incurred in defending any proceeding in advance of its final disposition where the
required undertaking, if any is required, has been tendered to the Corporation) that the claimant has not met the standard of conduct that makes it permissible under the Delaware General Corporation Law for the Corporation to indemnify the claimant
for the amount claimed, but the burden of proving such defense shall be on the Corporation. Neither the failure of the Corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior
to the commencement of such action that indemnification of the claimant is proper in the circumstances because he or she has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the Delaware General Corporation Law, nor an actual determination by the
Corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) that the claimant has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that the claimant has not met
the applicable standard of conduct. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;3. The indemnification and advancement rights provided by this Article, shall be
considered a contract between the Corporation and such person, and no modification or repeal of such indemnification or advancement rights, nor the adoption of any provision of the Certificate of Incorporation or the
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws</FONT> of the Corporation, nor, to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, any modification of law, shall eliminate or reduce the effect of the indemnification or advancement rights in respect of any
acts or failure to act occurring before such modification, repeal or adoption. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;4. The indemnification and advancement rights
provided by this Article shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those entitled to be indemnified under this Article may be entitled under any statute, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both
as to action in such person&#146;s official capacity, and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, and shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the
heirs, executors and administrators of such person. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">27 </P>

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<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;5. The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of itself or
any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other
enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person&#146;s status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against
such liability under the provisions of this Article or applicable law. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;6. To the fullest extent permitted by law, the
provisions of this Article IX shall be deemed retroactive and shall provide all rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by this Article IX for all acts and omissions of the officers and directors of the Corporation since the
date of incorporation. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">ARTICLE X </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">GENERAL PROVISIONS </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;1. The corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation, the year of its creation, the words
&#147;Corporate Seal Delaware&#148;, and such other appropriate legend as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine. When so authorized by the Board of Directors or a duly empowered committee thereof, a facsimile thereof may be affixed
or reproduced in lieu of the corporate seal. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;2. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall end on December&nbsp;31 in each
year. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;3. Stockholders shall have no right except as conferred by statute, to inspect any books, papers or accounts of the
Corporation. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;4. Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the sole and exclusive
forum for (a)&nbsp;any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation; (b)&nbsp;any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director, officer or other employee or stockholder of the
Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation&#146;s Stockholders; (c)&nbsp;any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws</FONT> (as either may be amended from time to time) or as to which the Delaware General Corporation Law confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, or (d)&nbsp;any action asserting a
claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine, shall be the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or, solely to the extent that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware does not have jurisdiction over the action or proceeding, a state
court located within the State of Delaware (or, if no state court located within the State of Delaware has jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware). Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any
interest in the shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Section&nbsp;4. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">28 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">ARTICLE XI </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">AMENDMENTS </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SECTION&nbsp;1.
These <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws</FONT> may be amended or repealed, and new <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws</FONT> may be adopted, amended or repealed by the Board of Directors or by the Stockholders at any regular or special
meeting. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The undersigned, duly elected, qualified and acting Secretary of Church&nbsp;&amp; Dwight Co., Inc. hereby certifies that the foregoing are the <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">re-stated</FONT> <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws</FONT> of Church&nbsp;&amp; Dwight Co., Inc., duly adopted by the stockholders at their annual meeting May&nbsp;9, 1972 as amended thereafter on May&nbsp;5,
1980,&nbsp;March&nbsp;25, 1981<B>,</B>&nbsp;May&nbsp;25, 1988,&nbsp;September&nbsp;23, 1992,&nbsp;January&nbsp;31, 2001,&nbsp;October&nbsp;31, 2007,&nbsp;January&nbsp;28, 2009,&nbsp;February&nbsp;1, 2012, January&nbsp;27, 2016, May&nbsp;3, 2018,
October&nbsp;30, 2019, May&nbsp;1, 2020, December&nbsp;23, 2022, and April&nbsp;27, 2023. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><DIV ALIGN="right">
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="40%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">


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<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>/s/ Patrick de Maynadier</I></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Patrick de Maynadier</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Executive Vice President,</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">General Counsel and Secretary</TD></TR>
</TABLE></DIV>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">29 </P>

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    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity File Number</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">City Area Code</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">City Area Code</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Local Phone Number</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Local Phone Number</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Written Communications</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Written Communications</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Soliciting Material</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Soliciting Material</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Pre Commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Pre Commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Pre Commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Pre Commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Security 12b Title</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Security 12b Title</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Trading Symbol</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Trading Symbol</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
  </link:labelLink>
</link:linkbase>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>chd-20230427_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii" standalone="yes"?>
<!-- DFIN - https://www.dfinsolutions.com/ -->
<!-- CTU Version: Release master Build:20221108.6 -->
<!-- Creation date: 4/29/2023 12:17:07 AM Eastern Time -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2023 Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
<link:linkbase
    xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"
    xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.churchdwight.com//20230427/taxonomy/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation" xlink:href="chd-20230427.xsd#Role_DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation" xlink:type="simple" />
  <link:presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.churchdwight.com//20230427/taxonomy/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation">
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag" order="23.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" order="24.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" order="25.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType" order="27.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" order="28.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" order="29.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber" order="30.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" order="31.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" order="32.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" order="33.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" order="34.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" order="35.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode" order="36.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" order="37.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications" order="38.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial" order="39.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" order="40.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" order="41.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
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<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139653276435776">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document and Entity Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 27, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">CHURCH & DWIGHT CO INC /DE/<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000313927<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate', window );">Current Fiscal Year End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">--12-31<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Apr. 27,  2023<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation State Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">1-10585<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">13-4996950<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">500 Charles Ewing Boulevard<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Ewing<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">NJ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">08628<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(609)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">806-1200<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre Commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre Commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Security 12b Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, $1 par value<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">CHD<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
