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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Apr. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | INCOME TAXES Income tax expense attributable to earnings consisted of the following components:
| Years ended April 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Current tax expense: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | 95,336 |  |  | $ | 4,382 |  |  | $ | 73,950 |
State | 22,365 |  |  | 13,835 |  |  | 16,397 |
| 117,701 |  |  | 18,217 |  |  | 90,347 |
Deferred tax expense | 23,126 |  |  | 82,721 |  |  | 4,123 |
Total income tax expense | $ | 140,827 |  |  | $ | 100,938 |  |  | $ | 94,470 |
The tax effects of temporary differences that gave rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities were as follows:
| As of April 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Accrued liabilities and reserves | $ | 7,031 |  |  | $ | 11,699 |
Deferred revenue | 15,565 |  |  | 11,893 |
Accrued bonus compensation | 9,361 |  |  | 7,340 |
Workers compensation | 11,500 |  |  | 9,922 |
Operating and finance lease obligations | 52,464 |  |  | 46,693 |
Asset retirement obligations | 9,404 |  |  | 7,361 |
Deferred compensation | 3,242 |  |  | 3,540 |
Equity compensation | 8,305 |  |  | 9,567 |
State net operating losses and tax credits | 1,807 |  |  | 4,021 |
Other | 3,551 |  |  | 3,548 |
Total gross deferred tax assets | 122,230 |  |  | 115,584 |
Less valuation allowance | 250 |  |  | 250 |
Total net deferred tax assets | 121,980 |  |  | 115,334 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
Property and equipment depreciation | (617,154) |  |  | (597,740) |
Goodwill | (43,900) |  |  | (34,869) |
Other | (4,524) |  |  | (3,197) |
Total gross deferred tax liabilities | (665,578) |  |  | (635,806) |
Net deferred tax liability | $ | (543,598) |  |  | $ | (520,472) |
At April 30, 2023, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards for state income tax purposes of approximately $94,897, which are available to offset future state taxable income. The state net operating loss carryforwards begin to expire in 2031. In addition, the Company had state tax credit carryforwards of approximately $1,868, which begin to expire in 2026. The valuation allowance for state net operating loss and state tax credit deferred tax assets as of April 30, 2023 and 2022 was $250. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Total reported tax expense applicable to the Company’s continuing operations varies from the tax that would have resulted from applying the statutory U.S. federal income tax rates to income before income taxes.
| Years ended April 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Income taxes at the statutory rates | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | %
Federal tax credits | (1.3) | % |  | (1.8) | % |  | (1.5) | %
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit | 4.0 | % |  | 3.8 | % |  | 3.5 | %
Impact of phased-in state law changes, net of federal benefit | (0.4) | % |  | (0.8) | % |  | — | %
ASU 2016-09 benefit (stock-based compensation) | (0.3) | % |  | (1.0) | % |  | (0.6) | %
Nondeductible executive compensation | 1.1 | % |  | 1.2 | % |  | 0.9 | %
Other | (0.1) | % |  | 0.5 | % |  | (0.1) | %
| 24.0 | % |  | 22.9 | % |  | 23.2 | %
The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. The Company had a total of $10,957 and $10,259 in gross unrecognized tax benefits at April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which is recorded in other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. Of this amount, $8,656 represents the amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would impact our effective tax rate. Unrecognized tax benefits increased $698 during the twelve months ended April 30, 2023, due primarily to the increase associated with income tax filing positions for the current year exceeding the decrease related to the expiration of certain statute of limitations. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
| 2023 |  | 2022
Beginning balance | $ | 10,259 |  |  | $ | 9,316 |
Additions based on tax positions related to current year | 2,867 |  |  | 2,953 |
Reductions due to lapse of applicable statute of limitations | (2,169) |  |  | (2,010) |
Ending balance | $ | 10,957 |  |  | $ | 10,259 |
The total net amount of accrued interest and penalties for such unrecognized tax benefits was $386 and $371 at April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and is included in other long-term liabilities. Net interest and penalties included in income tax expense for the twelve month periods ended April 30, 2023 and 2022 was an increase in tax expense of $15 and $1, respectively. A number of years may elapse before an uncertain tax position is audited and ultimately settled. It is difficult to predict the ultimate outcome or the timing of resolution for uncertain tax positions. It is reasonably possible that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits could significantly increase or decrease within the next twelve months. These changes could result from the expiration of the statute of limitations, examinations or other unforeseen circumstances. The Company has no ongoing federal or state income tax examinations. At this time, the Company’s best estimate of the reasonably possible change in the amount of the gross unrecognized tax benefits is a decrease of $2,500 during the next twelve months mainly due to the expiration of certain statute of limitations. The federal statute of limitations remains open for the tax years 2019 and forward. Tax years 2013 and forward are subject to audit by state tax authorities depending on open statute of limitations waivers and the tax code of each state.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 946 -SubTopic 20 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 13 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-13 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2)) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//740/tableOfContent Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 14 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-14 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-21 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 270 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482526/740-270-50-1 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 17 -Subparagraph (b) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-17 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section S99 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-2 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 30 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482603/740-30-50-2 + Details
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