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Fair Value Measurements | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2026
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value Measurements | 5. Fair Value Measurements In accordance with GAAP, Key measures certain assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the principal market of the asset or liability. Additional information regarding our accounting policies for determining fair value is provided in Note 1 (“Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”) under the heading “Fair Value Measurements” beginning on page 111 of our 2025 Form 10-K and Note 5 (“Fair Value Measurements”) beginning on page 131 of our 2025 Form 10-K. Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis in accordance with GAAP. For more information on the valuation techniques used to measure classes of assets and liabilities reported at fair value on a recurring basis as well as the classification of each in the valuation hierarchy, refer to Note 5 (“Fair Value Measurements”) in our 2025 Form 10-K. The following tables present these assets and liabilities at June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025.
| June 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total
Dollars in millions
ASSETS MEASURED ON A RECURRING BASIS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trading account assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury, agencies and corporations | $ | — |  | $ | 434 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 434 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 674 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 674 |
States and political subdivisions | — |  | 20 |  | — |  | 20 |  | — |  | 60 |  | — |  | 60 |
Other mortgage-backed securities | — |  | 430 |  | — |  | 430 |  | — |  | 316 |  | — |  | 316 |
Other securities | — |  | 45 |  | — |  | 45 |  | — |  | 6 |  | — |  | 6 |
Total trading account securities | — |  | 929 |  | — |  | 929 |  | — |  | 1,056 |  | — |  | 1,056 |
Commercial loans | — |  | 7 |  | — |  | 7 |  | — |  | 5 |  | — |  | 5 |
Total trading account assets | — |  | 936 |  | — |  | 936 |  | — |  | 1,061 |  | — |  | 1,061 |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury, agencies and corporations | — |  | 7,075 |  | — |  | 7,075 |  | — |  | 7,886 |  | — |  | 7,886 |
Agency residential collateralized mortgage obligations | — |  | 7,995 |  | — |  | 7,995 |  | — |  | 8,565 |  | — |  | 8,565 |
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities | — |  | 19,608 |  | — |  | 19,608 |  | — |  | 19,195 |  | — |  | 19,195 |
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities | — |  | 3,781 |  | — |  | 3,781 |  | — |  | 3,950 |  | — |  | 3,950 |
Other securities | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Total securities available for sale | — |  | 38,459 |  | — |  | 38,459 |  | — |  | 39,596 |  | — |  | 39,596 |
Other investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Principal investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Indirect (measured at NAV) (a) | — |  | — |  | — |  | 7 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 9 |
Total principal investments | — |  | — |  | — |  | 7 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 9 |
Equity investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Direct | — |  | 4 |  | 2 |  | 6 |  | — |  | — |  | 3 |  | 3 |
Direct (measured at NAV) (a) | — |  | — |  | — |  | 78 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 71 |
Indirect (measured at NAV) (a) | — |  | — |  | — |  | 3 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 3 |
Total equity investments | — |  | 4 |  | 2 |  | 87 |  | — |  | — |  | 3 |  | 77 |
Total other investments | — |  | 4 |  | 2 |  | 94 |  | — |  | — |  | 3 |  | 86 |
Loans, net of unearned income (residential) | — |  | — |  | 11 |  | 11 |  | — |  | — |  | 11 |  | 11 |
Loans held for sale (residential) | — |  | 204 |  | — |  | 204 |  | — |  | 149 |  | — |  | 149 |
Derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate | — |  | 105 |  | (1) |  | 104 |  | — |  | 135 |  | (3) |  | 132 |
Foreign exchange | 66 |  | 33 |  | — |  | 99 |  | 39 |  | 44 |  | — |  | 83 |
Commodity | — |  | 284 |  | — |  | 284 |  | — |  | 249 |  | — |  | 249 |
Other | — |  | 54 |  | 2 |  | 56 |  | — |  | 7 |  | 1 |  | 8 |
Derivative assets | 66 |  | 476 |  | 1 |  | 543 |  | 39 |  | 435 |  | (2) |  | 472 |
Netting adjustments (b) | — |  | — |  | — |  | (347) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (297) |
Total derivative assets | 66 |  | 476 |  | 1 |  | 196 |  | 39 |  | 435 |  | (2) |  | 175 |
Total assets on a recurring basis at fair value | $ | 66 |  | $ | 40,079 |  | $ | 14 |  | $ | 39,900 |  | $ | 39 |  | $ | 41,241 |  | $ | 12 |  | $ | 41,078 |
LIABILITIES MEASURED ON A RECURRING BASIS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bank notes and other short-term borrowings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Short positions | $ | 668 |  | $ | 262 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 930 |  | $ | 412 |  | $ | 409 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 821 |
Derivative liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate | — |  | 635 |  | — |  | 635 |  | — |  | 577 |  | — |  | 577 |
Foreign exchange | 61 |  | 34 |  | — |  | 95 |  | 36 |  | 44 |  | — |  | 80 |
Commodity | — |  | 273 |  | — |  | 273 |  | — |  | 237 |  | — |  | 237 |
Credit | — |  | 5 |  | — |  | 5 |  | — |  | 8 |  | — |  | 8 |
Other | — |  | 9 |  | — |  | 9 |  | — |  | 25 |  | — |  | 25 |
Derivative liabilities | 61 |  | 956 |  | — |  | 1,017 |  | 36 |  | 891 |  | — |  | 927 |
Netting adjustments (b) | — |  | — |  | — |  | (323) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (274) |
Total derivative liabilities | 61 |  | 956 |  | — |  | 694 |  | 36 |  | 891 |  | — |  | 653 |
Total liabilities on a recurring basis at fair value | $ | 729 |  | $ | 1,218 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,624 |  | $ | 448 |  | $ | 1,300 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,474 |
(a)Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheet. (b)Netting adjustments represent the amounts recorded to convert our derivative assets and liabilities from a gross basis to a net basis in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance. The net basis takes into account the impact of bilateral collateral and master netting agreements that allow us to settle all derivative contracts with a single counterparty on a net basis and to offset the net derivative position with the related cash collateral. Total derivative assets and liabilities include these netting adjustments. The fair value and related unfunded commitments of our indirect principal investments and direct equity investments measured at net asset value as a practical expedient at June 30, 2026, was $7 million and $50 million, respectively. Changes in Level 3 Fair Value Measurements The change in the fair values of our Level 3 financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, and June 30, 2025 was not material. Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. The adjustments to fair value generally result from the application of accounting guidance that requires assets and liabilities to be recorded at the lower of cost or fair value, or assessed for impairment. For more information on the valuation techniques used to measure classes of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, refer to Note 5 (“Fair Value Measurements”) in our 2025 Form 10-K. There were no liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025. The following table presents our assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025:
| June 30, 2026 |  | December 31, 2025
Dollars in millions | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total |  | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total
ASSETS MEASURED ON A NONRECURRING BASIS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Collateral-dependent loans | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 186 |  | $ | 186 |  |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 56 |  | $ | 56 |
Accrued income and other assets | — |  | — |  | 14 |  | 14 |  |  | — |  | — |  | 32 |  | 32 |
Total assets on a nonrecurring basis at fair value | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 200 |  | $ | 200 |  |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 88 |  | $ | 88 |
We have other investments in equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values and do not qualify for the practical expedient to measure the investment using a net asset value per share. We have elected to measure these securities at cost less impairment plus or minus adjustments due to observable orderly transactions. Impairment is recorded when there is evidence that the expected fair value of the investment has declined to below the recorded cost. At each reporting period, we assess if these investments continue to qualify for this measurement alternative. At June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, the carrying amount of equity investments under this method was $503 million and $467 million, respectively. We had no adjustments or impairments for the six months ended June 30, 2026. Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements The range and weighted-average of the significant unobservable inputs used to measure the fair value of our material Level 3 recurring and nonrecurring assets at June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, along with the valuation techniques used, are shown in the following table:
| Level 3 Asset (Liability) | Valuation Technique | Significant Unobservable Input | Range (Weighted-Average) (a), (b)
Dollars in millions | June 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | June 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025
Recurring |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans, net of unearned income (residential) | $ | 11 |  | $ | 11 |  | Market comparable pricing | Comparability factor | 74.40 - 95.00% (84.09%) | 74.30-99.00% (84.99%)
Derivative instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate | (1) |  | (3) |  | Discounted cash flows | Probability of default | .02 - 100% (4.20%) | .02 - 100% (4.40%)
|  |  |  | Loss given default | 0 - 1 (.411) | 0 - 1 (.485)
Insignificant level 3 assets, net of liabilities(c) | 4 |  | 4 |  |  |  |  |
Nonrecurring |  |  |  |  |  |
Collateral-dependent loans | 186 |  | 56 |  | Fair value of collateral | Credit and liquidity discount | 0 - 72.00% (22.00%) | 0 - 100.00% (40.00%)
Accrued income and other assets: (d) |  |  |  |  |  |
OREO and other Level 3 assets | 11 |  | 8 |  | Appraised value | Appraised value | N/M | N/M
(a)The weighted average of significant unobservable inputs is calculated using a weighting relative to fair value. (b)For significant unobservable inputs with no range, a single figure is reported to denote the single quantitative factor used. (c)Represents the aggregate amount of Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis that are individually and in the aggregate insignificant. The amount includes certain equity investments and certain financial derivative assets and liabilities. (d)Excludes $3 million pertaining to mortgage servicing assets measured on a nonrecurring basis as of June 30, 2026. Refer to Note 8 (“Mortgage Servicing Assets”) for significant unobservable inputs pertaining to these assets. Fair Value Disclosures of Financial Instruments The levels in the fair value hierarchy ascribed to our financial instruments and the related carrying amounts at June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, are shown in the following tables. Assets and liabilities are further arranged by measurement category.
| June 30, 2026
| Carrying Amount | Fair Value
Dollars in millions | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 |  |  | Total
FINANCIAL ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and short-term investments (a) | $ | 14,127 |  | $ | 14,127 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | 14,127 |
Held-to-maturity securities (b) | 9,515 |  | — |  | 9,124 |  | — |  |  |  | 9,124 |
Other investments (c) | 1,139 |  | — |  | 4 |  | 1,135 |  |  |  | 1,139 |
Loans, net of unearned income (d) | 108,974 |  | — |  | — |  | 105,930 |  |  |  | 105,930 |
Loans held for sale (c) | 994 |  | — |  | — |  | 994 |  |  |  | 994 |
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Time deposits (e) | $ | 12,014 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 12,063 |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | 12,063 |
Short-term borrowings (a) | 2,755 |  | — |  | 2,755 |  | — |  |  |  | 2,755 |
Long-term debt (e) | 10,967 |  | 10,025 |  | 1,711 |  | — |  |  |  | 11,736 |
Deposits with no stated maturity (a) | 141,075 |  | — |  | 141,075 |  | — |  |  |  | 141,075 |
| December 31, 2025
| Carrying Amount | Fair Value
Dollars in millions | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 |  |  | Total
FINANCIAL ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and short-term investments (a) | $ | 11,450 |  | $ | 11,450 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | 11,450 |
Held-to-maturity securities (b) | 8,622 |  | — |  | 8,313 |  | — |  |  |  | 8,313 |
Other investments (c) | 863 |  | — |  | — |  | 863 |  |  |  | 863 |
Loans, net of unearned income (d) | 105,103 |  | — |  | — |  | 101,946 |  |  |  | 101,946 |
Loans held for sale (c) | 928 |  | — |  | — |  | 928 |  |  |  | 928 |
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Time deposits (e) | $ | 12,680 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 12,731 |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | 12,731 |
Short-term borrowings (a) | 263 |  | — |  | 263 |  | — |  |  |  | 263 |
Long-term debt (e) | 9,917 |  | 9,318 |  | $ | 729 |  | — |  |  |  | 10,047 |
Deposits with no stated maturity (a) | 136,033 |  | — |  | 136,033 |  | — |  |  |  | 136,033 |
Valuation Methods and Assumptions (a)Fair value equals or approximates carrying amount. The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity does not take into consideration the value ascribed to core deposit intangibles. (b)Fair values of held-to-maturity securities are determined by using models that are based on security-specific details, as well as relevant industry and economic factors. The most significant of these inputs are quoted market prices, interest rate spreads on relevant benchmark securities, and certain prepayment assumptions. We review the valuations derived from the models to ensure that they are reasonable and consistent with the values placed on similar securities traded in the secondary markets. (c)Information pertaining to our methodology for measuring the fair values of these assets and liabilities is included in the sections entitled “Qualitative Disclosures of Valuation Techniques” and “Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis” within our 2025 Form 10-K Note 5 (“Fair Value Measurements”). (d)The fair value of loans is based on the present value of the expected cash flows. The projected cash flows are based on the contractual terms of the loans, adjusted for prepayments and use of a discount rate based on the relative risk of the cash flows, taking into account the loan type, maturity of the loan, liquidity risk, servicing costs, and a required return on debt and capital. In addition, an incremental liquidity discount is applied to certain loans, using historical sales of loans during periods of similar economic conditions as a benchmark. The fair value of loans includes lease financing receivables at their aggregate carrying amount, which is equivalent to their fair value. (e)Fair values of time deposits and long-term debt are based on discounted cash flows utilizing relevant market inputs. Discontinued assets — education lending business. Our discontinued assets include government-guaranteed and private education loans originated through our education lending business that was discontinued in September 2009. This portfolio consists of loans recorded at carrying value with appropriate valuation reserves. All of these loans were excluded from the table above as follows: •Loans at carrying value, net of allowance, of $182 million ($138 million at fair value) at June 30, 2026, and $205 million ($155 million at fair value) at December 31, 2025. These assets are classified as Level 3 because we rely on unobservable inputs when determining fair value since observable market data is not available.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (bbb)(1) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 55 -Paragraph 107 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-107 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 55 -Paragraph 100 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-100 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (c)(3) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2E -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2E Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (h) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (f) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (e) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (d) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (h) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (g) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 940 -SubTopic 820 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478119/940-820-50-1 + Details
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