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EQUITY AWARD PLANS | 3 Months Ended
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Oct. 31, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] |
EQUITY AWARD PLANS | EQUITY INCENTIVE PLANS Stock Plans We have three equity incentive plans, the 2010 Stock Plan ("2010 Plan"), 2011 Stock Plan ("2011 Plan") and 2016 Equity Incentive Plan ("2016 Plan"). Our stockholders approved the 2016 Plan in March 2016 and it became effective in connection with our initial public offering ("IPO"). As a result, at the time of the IPO, we ceased granting additional stock awards under the 2010 Plan and 2011 Plan and both plans were terminated. Any outstanding stock awards under the 2010 Plan and 2011 Plan will remain outstanding, subject to the terms of the applicable plan and award agreements, until such shares are issued under those stock awards, by exercise of stock options or settlement of restricted stock units ("RSUs"), or until those stock awards become vested or expired by their terms. Under the 2016 Plan, we may grant incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, restricted stock, RSUs and stock appreciation rights to employees, directors and consultants. We initially reserved 22.4 million shares of our Class A common stock for issuance under the 2016 Plan. The number of shares of Class A common stock available for issuance under the 2016 Plan will also include an annual increase on the first day of each fiscal year, beginning in fiscal 2018, equal to the lesser of: 18.0 million shares, 5% of the outstanding shares of all classes of common stock as of the last day of our immediately preceding fiscal year, or such other amount as may be determined by the Board. Accordingly, on August 1, 2019 and 2020, the number of shares of Class A common stock available for issuance under the 2016 Plan increased by 9.4 million and 10.1 million shares, respectively, pursuant to these provisions. As of October 31, 2020, we had reserved a total of 49.9 million shares for the issuance of equity awards under the Stock Plans, of which 20.2 million shares were still available for grant. Restricted Stock Units Performance RSUs — We have granted RSUs that have both service and performance conditions to our executives and employees ("Performance RSUs"). Vesting of Performance RSUs is subject to continuous service and the satisfaction of certain performance targets. While we recognize cumulative stock-based compensation expense for the portion of the awards for which both the service condition has been satisfied and it is probable that the performance conditions will be met, the actual vesting and settlement of Performance RSUs are subject to the performance conditions actually being met. Market Stock Units — In October 2018, the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors approved the grant of 100,000 RSUs subject to certain market conditions ("MSUs") to our Chief Executive Officer, with a weighted average grant date fair value per unit of $25.16. The MSUs will vest based upon the achievement of an average stock price of $80 over a performance period of approximately 4.5 years (the "Performance Period"), subject to his continuous service on each vesting date. The average stock price is calculated based on the average closing price of one share of our Class A common stock, as reported on the Nasdaq Stock Market during the 180-day period ending on the last trading day prior to each measurement date (as applicable, the "Average Stock Price"). The Average Stock Price is measured once per quarter during the Performance Period, and: •If the Average Stock Price on any given quarterly measurement date does not equal or exceed $80, then none of the MSUs will vest that quarter, and any unvested MSUs will carry over to the next quarter (the "Carryover MSUs"); •If the Average Stock Price on any given quarterly measurement date equals or exceeds $80, then 1/18th of the MSUs plus the applicable Carryover MSUs, if any, would vest; and/or •If the Average Stock Price never equals or exceeds $80 during the Performance Period, the MSUs would terminate at the end of the Performance Period. In December 2019, the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors approved the grant of 200,000 additional MSUs to our Chief Executive Officer, with a weighted average grant date fair value per unit of $20.80. The MSUs will vest based upon the achievement of an average stock price of $65 over a performance period of approximately 4.5 years (the "Second Performance Period"), subject to his continuous service on each vesting date. In February 2020, the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors approved the grant of 75,000 MSUs to our Executive Vice President of Worldwide Sales, with a weighted average grant date fair value per unit of $20.80. The MSUs will vest based upon the achievement of an average stock price of $65 over a performance period of approximately 3.9 years (the "Second Performance Period"), subject to his continuous service on each vesting date. The average stock price is calculated based on the average closing price of one share of our Class A common stock, as reported on the Nasdaq Stock Market during the 180-day period ending on the last trading day prior to each measurement date (as applicable, the "Second Average Stock Price"). The Second Average Stock Price is measured once per quarter during the Second Performance Period, and: •If the Second Average Stock Price on any given quarterly measurement date does not equal or exceed $65, then none of the MSUs will vest that quarter, and any unvested MSUs will carry over to the next quarter (the "Carryover MSUs"); •If the Second Average Stock Price on any given quarterly measurement date equals or exceeds $65, then 1/18th of the MSUs plus the applicable Carryover MSUs, if any, would vest; and/or •If the Second Average Stock Price never equals or exceeds $65 during the Second Performance Period, the MSUs would terminate at the end of the Second Performance Period. We used Monte Carlo simulations to calculate the fair value of these awards on the grant date. A Monte Carlo simulation requires the use of various assumptions, including the stock price volatility and risk-free interest rate as of the valuation date corresponding to the length of time remaining in the performance period and expected dividend yield. We recognize stock-based compensation expense related to these MSUs using the graded vesting attribution method over the Performance Period or Second Performance Period, as applicable. As of October 31, 2020, 375,000 MSUs remained outstanding. Below is a summary of RSU activity, including MSUs, under the Stock Plans:
| Number of Shares |  | Grant Date Fair Value per Share
| (in thousands) |  |
Outstanding at July 31, 2020 | 22,632 |  |  | $ | 32.70 |
Granted | 3,454 |  |  | $ | 24.02 |
Released | (2,819) |  |  | $ | 31.23 |
Forfeited | (806) |  |  | $ | 34.00 |
Outstanding at October 31, 2020 | 22,461 |  |  | $ | 31.50 |
Stock Options We did not grant any stock options during the three months ended October 31, 2020. A total of 0.3 million stock options were exercised during the three months ended October 31, 2020, with an average exercise price per share of $5.48. As of October 31, 2020, 7.2 million stock options, with a weighted average exercise price of $5.08 per share, a weighted average remaining contractual life of 3.4 years and an aggregate intrinsic value of $139.6 million, remained outstanding. Employee Stock Purchase Plan In December 2015, the Board adopted the 2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, which was subsequently amended in January 2016 and September 2016 and approved by our stockholders in March 2016 ("Original 2016 ESPP"). The Original 2016 ESPP became effective in connection with our IPO. On December 13, 2019, during our 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, our stockholders approved certain amendments to the Original 2016 ESPP. Under the amended and restated Original 2016 ESPP ("2016 ESPP"), the maximum number of shares of Class A common stock available for sale is 11.5 million shares, representing an increase of 9.2 million shares. The 2016 ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase shares of our Class A common stock at a discount through payroll deductions of up to 15% of eligible compensation, subject to caps of $25,000 in any calendar year and 1,000 shares on any purchase date. The 2016 ESPP provides for 12-month offering periods, generally beginning in March and September of each year, and each offering period consists of two six-month purchase periods. On each purchase date, participating employees will purchase Class A common stock at a price per share equal to 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of our Class A common stock on (i) the first trading day of the applicable offering period or (ii) the last trading day of each purchase period in the applicable offering period. If the stock price of our Class A common stock on any purchase date in an offering period is lower than the stock price on the enrollment date of that offering period, the offering period will immediately reset after the purchase of shares on such purchase date and automatically roll into a new offering period. During the three months ended October 31, 2020, 1.5 million shares of common stock were purchased under the 2016 ESPP for an aggregate amount of $18.1 million. As of October 31, 2020, 7.7 million shares were available for future issuance under the 2016 ESPP. We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of shares purchased under the 2016 ESPP with the following weighted average assumptions on the date of grant:
| Three Months Ended October 31,
| 2019 |  | 2020
Expected term (in years) | 0.92 |  | 0.92
Risk-free interest rate | 1.9 | % |  | 0.1 | %
Volatility | 68.7 | % |  | 73.3 | %
Dividend yield | — | % |  | — | %
Stock-Based Compensation Total stock-based compensation expense recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations is as follows:
| Three Months Ended October 31, |  |
| 2019 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
| (in thousands)
Cost of revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product | $ | 1,112 |  |  | $ | 1,504 |  |  |  |  |
Support, entitlements and other services | 4,751 |  |  | 5,761 |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing | 27,775 |  |  | 32,227 |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 37,563 |  |  | 37,887 |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative | 10,225 |  |  | 11,819 |  |  |  |  |
Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | 81,426 |  |  | $ | 89,198 |  |  |  |  |
As of October 31, 2020, unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to outstanding stock awards was approximately $656.9 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.5 years.

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