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REVENUE | 12 Months Ended
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Oct. 28, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract] |
REVENUE | REVENUE Disaggregation of Revenue Ciena’s disaggregated revenue as presented below depicts the nature, amount, and timing of revenue and cash flows for similar groupings of Ciena’s various offerings. The sales cycle, contractual obligations, customer requirements, and go-to-market strategies may differ for each of its product categories, resulting in different economic risk profiles for each category. Effective as of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023, Ciena renamed its “Converged Packet Optical” product line to “Optical Networking.” This change, affecting only the presentation of such information, was made on a prospective basis and does not impact comparability of previous financial results. However, references to prior reported “Converged Packet Optical” product line have been changed herein to “Optical Networking.” The tables below set forth Ciena’s disaggregated revenue for the respective period (in thousands):
| Year Ended October 28, 2023
| Networking Platforms |  | Platform Software and Services |  | Blue Planet Automation Software and Services |  | Global Services |  | Total
Product lines: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Optical Networking | $ | 2,987,245 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,987,245 |
Routing and Switching | 506,247 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 506,247 |
Platform Software and Services | — |  |  | 303,873 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 303,873 |
Blue Planet Automation Software and Services | — |  |  | — |  |  | 69,170 |  |  | — |  |  | 69,170 |
Maintenance Support and Training | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 288,334 |  |  | 288,334 |
Installation and Deployment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 180,951 |  |  | 180,951 |
Consulting and Network Design | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 50,729 |  |  | 50,729 |
Total revenue by product line | $ | 3,493,492 |  |  | $ | 303,873 |  |  | $ | 69,170 |  |  | $ | 520,014 |  |  | $ | 4,386,549 |
Timing of revenue recognition: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Products and services at a point in time | $ | 3,493,492 |  |  | $ | 67,013 |  |  | $ | 21,842 |  |  | $ | 55,036 |  |  | $ | 3,637,383 |
Products and services transferred over time | — |  |  | 236,860 |  |  | 47,328 |  |  | 464,978 |  |  | 749,166 |
Total revenue by timing of revenue recognition | $ | 3,493,492 |  |  | $ | 303,873 |  |  | $ | 69,170 |  |  | $ | 520,014 |  |  | $ | 4,386,549 |
| Year Ended October 29, 2022
| Networking Platforms |  | Platform Software and Services |  | Blue Planet Automation Software and Services |  | Global Services |  | Total
Product lines: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Optical Networking | $ | 2,379,931 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,379,931 |
Routing and Switching | 398,439 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 398,439 |
Platform Software and Services | — |  |  | 277,191 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 277,191 |
Blue Planet Automation Software and Services | — |  |  | — |  |  | 76,567 |  |  | — |  |  | 76,567 |
Maintenance Support and Training | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 292,375 |  |  | 292,375 |
Installation and Deployment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 157,443 |  |  | 157,443 |
Consulting and Network Design | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 50,715 |  |  | 50,715 |
Total revenue by product line | $ | 2,778,370 |  |  | $ | 277,191 |  |  | $ | 76,567 |  |  | $ | 500,533 |  |  | $ | 3,632,661 |
Timing of revenue recognition: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Products and services at a point in time | $ | 2,778,370 |  |  | $ | 85,691 |  |  | $ | 25,540 |  |  | $ | 44,091 |  |  | $ | 2,933,692 |
Products and services transferred over time | — |  |  | 191,500 |  |  | 51,027 |  |  | 456,442 |  |  | 698,969 |
Total revenue by timing of revenue recognition | $ | 2,778,370 |  |  | $ | 277,191 |  |  | $ | 76,567 |  |  | $ | 500,533 |  |  | $ | 3,632,661 |
| Year Ended October 30, 2021
| Networking Platforms |  | Platform Software and Services |  | Blue Planet Automation Software and Services |  | Global Services |  | Total
Product lines: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Optical Networking | $ | 2,553,509 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,553,509 |
Routing and Switching | 271,796 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 271,796 |
Platform Software and Services | — |  |  | 229,588 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 229,588 |
Blue Planet Automation Software and Services | — |  |  | — |  |  | 77,247 |  |  | — |  |  | 77,247 |
Maintenance Support and Training | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 283,350 |  |  | 283,350 |
Installation and Deployment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 171,489 |  |  | 171,489 |
Consulting and Network Design | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 33,705 |  |  | 33,705 |
Total revenue by product line | $ | 2,825,305 |  |  | $ | 229,588 |  |  | $ | 77,247 |  |  | $ | 488,544 |  |  | $ | 3,620,684 |
Timing of revenue recognition: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Products and services at a point in time | $ | 2,825,305 |  |  | $ | 80,359 |  |  | $ | 27,621 |  |  | $ | 14,923 |  |  | $ | 2,948,208 |
Products and services transferred over time | — |  |  | 149,229 |  |  | 49,626 |  |  | 473,621 |  |  | 672,476 |
Total revenue by timing of revenue recognition | $ | 2,825,305 |  |  | $ | 229,588 |  |  | $ | 77,247 |  |  | $ | 488,544 |  |  | $ | 3,620,684 |
Ciena reports its sales geographically around the following markets: (i) the United States, Canada, the Caribbean and Latin America (“Americas”); (ii) Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”); and (iii) Asia Pacific, Japan and India (“APAC”). Within each geographic area, Ciena maintains specific teams or personnel that focus on a particular region, country, customer or market vertical. These teams include sales management, account salespersons and sales engineers, as well as services professionals and commercial management personnel. The following table reflects Ciena’s geographic distribution of revenue principally based on the relevant location for Ciena’s delivery of products and performance of services. For the periods below, Ciena’s geographic distribution of revenue was as follows (in thousands):
| Year Ended
| October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022 |  | October 30, 2021
Geographic distribution: |  |  |  |  |
Americas | $ | 3,110,347 |  |  | $ | 2,636,840 |  |  | $ | 2,525,619 |
EMEA | 643,142 |  |  | 555,215 |  |  | 670,462 |
APAC | 633,060 |  |  | 440,606 |  |  | 424,603 |
Total revenue by geographic distribution | $ | 4,386,549 |  |  | $ | 3,632,661 |  |  | $ | 3,620,684 |
Ciena’s revenue includes United States revenue of $2.8 billion for fiscal 2023, $2.4 billion for fiscal 2022 and $2.3 billion for fiscal 2021. No other country accounted for 10% or more of total revenue for the periods presented above. For the periods below, the only customers that accounted for at least 10% of Ciena’s revenue were as follows (in thousands):
| October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022 |  | October 30, 2021
Cloud Provider | $ | 561,397 |  |  | n/a |  | n/a
AT&T | 464,662 |  |  | $ | 433,418 |  |  | $ | 447,403 |
Verizon | n/a |  | 402,787 |  |  | n/a
Total | $ | 1,026,059 |  |  | $ | 836,205 |  |  | $ | 447,403 |
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n/a | Denotes revenue representing less than 10% of total revenue for the period
The cloud provider noted in the above table purchased products from each of Ciena’s operating segments, excluding Blue Planet® Automation Software and Services, for each of the periods presented. The other customers identified above purchased products and services from each of Ciena’s operating segments for each of the periods presented. While Ciena has benefited from the diversification of its business and customer base, its ten largest customers contributed 53.7% of fiscal 2023 revenue, 56.3% of fiscal 2022 revenue and 55.5% of fiscal 2021 revenue. ◦Networking Platforms revenue reflects sales of Ciena’s Optical Networking and Routing and Switching product lines. ▪Optical Networking - includes the 6500 Packet-Optical Platform, the Waveserver® modular interconnect system, the 6500 Reconfigurable Line System (RLS), the 5400 family of Packet-Optical Platforms, and the Coherent ELS open line system (OLS). This product line also includes the WaveLogic 5 Nano (WL5n) 100G-400G coherent pluggable transceivers. ▪Routing and Switching - includes the 3000 family of service delivery platforms and the 5000 family of service aggregation. This product line also includes the 6500 Packet Transport System (PTS), which combines packet switching, control plane operation, and integrated optics, the 8100 Coherent IP networking platforms, the 8700 Packetwave Platform, and virtualization software. This product line also includes SD-Edge software and our microplug Optical Line Terminal (OLT) transceiver, from our recent acquisitions of Benu Networks, Inc. (“Benu”) and Tibit Communications, Inc. (“Tibit”) respectively, during the first quarter of fiscal 2023. This product line also includes Ciena’s WaveRouter TM product, which was introduced during the second quarter of fiscal 2023, for which there have been no sales to date. The Networking Platforms segment also includes sales of operating system software and enhanced software features embedded in each of the product lines above. Revenue from this segment is included in product revenue on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Operating system software and enhanced software features embedded in Ciena hardware are each considered distinct performance obligations for which the revenue is generally recognized upfront at a point in time upon transfer of control. ◦Platform Software and Services offerings provide domain control management, analytics, data and planning tools and applications to assist customers in managing their networks, including by creating more efficient operations and more proactive visibility into their networks. Ciena’s platform software includes its MCP domain controller solution, its suite of MCP applications, and its OneControl Unified Management System, as well as planning tools and a number of legacy software solutions that support Ciena’s installed base of network solutions. Platform software-related services revenue includes sales of subscription, installation, support, and consulting services related to Ciena’s software platforms, operating system software and enhanced software features embedded in each of the Networking Platforms product lines above. Revenue from the software portion of this segment is included in product revenue on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Revenue from services portions of this segment is included in services revenue on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. ◦Blue Planet® Automation Software and Services is a comprehensive, cloud native, and standards-based software portfolio, together with related services, that enables customers to realize digital transformation through the automation of the services lifecycle. Ciena’s Blue Planet Automation Platform includes multi-domain service orchestration (MDSO), inventory management (BPI), route optimization and analysis (ROA), multi-cloud orchestration (MCO), and unified assurance and analytics (UAA). Services revenue includes sales of subscription, installation, support, consulting and design services related to Ciena’s Blue Planet Automation Platform. Revenue from the software portion of this segment is included in product revenue on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Revenue from services portions of this segment is included in services revenue on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Ciena’s software platform revenue typically reflects either perpetual or term-based software licenses, and these sales are considered distinct performance obligations where revenue is generally recognized upfront at a point in time upon transfer of control. Revenue from software subscription and support is recognized ratably over the period during which the services are performed. Revenue from professional services for solution customization, software and solution support services, consulting and design, and build-operate-transfer services relating to Ciena’s software offerings is recognized over time with Ciena applying the input method to determine the amount of revenue to be recognized in a given period. ◦Global Services revenue reflects sales of a broad range of Ciena’s services for maintenance support and training, installation and deployment, and consulting and network design activities. Revenue from this segment is included in services revenue on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Ciena’s Global Services are considered a distinct performance obligation where revenue is generally recognized over time. Revenue from maintenance support is recognized ratably over the period during which the services are performed. Revenue from installation and deployment services and consulting and network design services is recognized over time with Ciena applying the input method to determine the amount of revenue to be recognized in a given period. Revenue from training services is generally recognized at a point in time upon completion of the service. Contract Balances The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities (deferred revenue) from contracts with customers (in thousands):
|  | Balance at October 28, 2023 |  | Balance at October 29, 2022
Accounts receivable, net |  | $ | 1,003,876 |  |  | $ | 920,772 |
Contract assets for unbilled accounts receivable, net |  | $ | 150,312 |  |  | $ | 156,039 |
Deferred revenue |  | $ | 228,460 |  |  | $ | 200,235 |
Ciena’s contract assets represent unbilled accounts receivable, net, where transfer of a product or service has occurred but invoicing is conditional upon completion of future performance obligations. These amounts are primarily related to installation and deployment and professional services arrangements where transfer of control has occurred, but Ciena has not yet invoiced the customer. Contract assets are included in prepaid expenses and other in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 11 below. Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue and represent advanced payments received from customers against non-cancelable customer orders received prior to revenue recognition. Ciena recognized approximately $135.5 million and $111.3 million of revenue during fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively, that was included in the deferred revenue balance at October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022, respectively. Revenue recognized due to changes in transaction price from performance obligations satisfied or partially satisfied in previous periods was immaterial during fiscal 2023 and 2022. Capitalized Contract Acquisition Costs Capitalized contract acquisition costs consist of deferred sales commissions and were $30.2 million and $39.7 million as of October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022, respectively, and are included in (i) prepaid expenses and other and (ii) other long-term assets. The amortization expense associated with these costs was $34.2 million and $27.3 million during fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022, respectively, and are included in selling and marketing expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Remaining Performance Obligations Remaining Performance Obligations (“RPO”) are comprised of non-cancelable customer purchase orders for products and services that are awaiting transfer of control for revenue recognition under the applicable contract terms. As of October 28, 2023, the aggregate amount of RPO was $1.8 billion. As of October 28, 2023, Ciena expects approximately 81% of the RPO to be recognized as revenue within the next twelve months.

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- Definition The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 9 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-9 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 10 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-10 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-15 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (b) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (c) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (d) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (e) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 13 -Subparagraph (b)(2) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-13 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//606/tableOfContent + Details
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