Share-Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Note 11: Share-Based Compensation

Total share-based compensation expense related to the Company's stock options, RSUs, stock grant awards and ESPP were recorded within the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income as follows (in millions):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Cost of revenue	$	10.6	$	7.0	$	6.0
Research and development	17.0		14.3		12.5
Selling and marketing	14.8		14.1		11.7
General and administrative	37.0		42.9		39.6

Share-based compensation expense	79.4		78.3		69.8
Related income tax benefits at federal rate (1)	(16.7)		(16.4)		(24.4)
Share-based compensation expense, net of taxes	$	62.7	$	61.9	$	45.4

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(1)Recognition of related income tax benefits are the result of the adoption of ASU 2016-09 during the first quarter of 2017 through a cumulative effect adjustment of $68.1 million recorded as a credit to retained earnings as of January 1, 2017. Tax benefit is calculated using the federal statutory rate of 21% during the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, and 35% for the year ended December 31, 2017.

At December 31, 2019, total unrecognized share-based compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, related to non-vested RSUs with service, performance and market conditions was $74.9 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.3 years. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the year ended December 31, 2019 was $3.9 million. The Company received cash of $1.7 million and $26.2 million from the exercise of stock options and the issuance of shares under the ESPP, respectively. Upon option exercise, vesting of RSUs, stock grant awards, or completion of a purchase under the ESPP, the Company issues new shares of common stock.

Share-Based Compensation Information

The fair value per unit of RSU and stock grant award is determined on the grant date. There were no employee stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. Share-based compensation expense is based on awards ultimately expected to vest. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The annualized pre-vesting forfeitures for RSUs were estimated to be approximately 5% for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

Plan Descriptions

On March 23, 2010, the Company adopted the Amended and Restated SIP, which was subsequently approved by the Company's stockholders at the annual stockholder meeting on May 18, 2010 and reapproved by the Company’s stockholders at the annual stockholder meeting on May 20, 2015. The Amended and Restated SIP provides key employees, directors and consultants with various equity-based incentives as described in the plan document. The Amended and Restated SIP is administered by the Board of Directors or a committee thereof, which is authorized to determine, among other things, the key employees, directors or consultants who will receive awards under the plan, the amount and type of award, exercise prices or performance criteria, if applicable, and vesting schedules. On May 15, 2012, stockholders approved certain amendments to the Amended and Restated SIP to increase the number of shares of common stock subject to all awards under the Amended and Restated SIP by 33.0 million. On May 17, 2017, stockholders approved certain amendments to the Amended and Restated SIP to increase the number of shares of common stock subject to all awards under the Amended and Restated SIP by 27.9 million to 87.0 million, exclusive of shares of common stock subject to awards that were previously granted pursuant to the 2000 SIP that have or will become available for grant pursuant to the Amended and Restated SIP.

Generally, RSUs granted under the Amended and Restated SIP vest over three years or based on the achievement of certain performance or market-based conditions and are payable in shares of the Company's stock upon vesting. The options granted under the Amended and Restated SIP vest over a period of three to four years and have a contractual term of seven years. Under the plan, certain outstanding options vest automatically upon a change of control, as defined in the plan document, provided the option holder is employed by the Company on the date of the change of control. Certain other outstanding options may also vest upon a change of control if the Board of Directors of the Company, at its discretion, provides for acceleration of the vesting of said options. Generally, upon the termination of an option holder's employment, all unvested options will immediately terminate and vested options will generally remain exercisable for a period of 90 days after the date of termination (one year in the case of death or disability).

As of December 31, 2019, there was an aggregate of 25.5 million shares of common stock available for grant under the Amended and Restated SIP.

Stock Options

The number of options outstanding at December 31, 2018 was 0.3 million at a weighted average exercise price of $6.41 per option, of which 0.3 million options were exercised at a weighted average exercise price of $6.37 per option during the year ended December 31, 2019. There were an insignificant number of options outstanding as of December 31, 2019, at a weighted average exercise price of $8.19 per option and had an aggregate intrinsic value of $0.2 million. All outstanding options had exercise prices below $24.38 per share, the closing price of the Company’s common stock at December 31, 2019, and will expire at varying times between 2020 and 2021.

Restricted Stock Units

A summary of the RSU transactions for the year ended December 31, 2019 are as follows (number of shares in millions):


	Number of Shares	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested shares of RSUs at December 31, 2018	8.6	$	16.59
Granted	5.4	21.64
Achieved	0.2	24.46
Released	(4.8)	14.41
Canceled	(0.5)	19.74
Nonvested shares of RSUs at December 31, 2019	8.9	20.84

During 2019, the Company awarded 2.6 million RSUs to certain officers and employees of the Company that vest upon the achievement of certain performance criteria and market conditions. The number of units expected to vest is evaluated each reporting period and compensation expense is recognized for those units for which achievement of the performance criteria is considered probable. Compensation expense for RSUs with market conditions are recognized based on the grant date fair value

irrespective of the achievement of the condition.

As of December 31, 2019, unrecognized compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures related to non-vested RSUs granted under the Amended and Restated SIP with service, performance and market conditions, was $60.9 million, $10.1 million and $3.9 million, respectively. For RSUs with time-based service conditions, expense is being recognized over the vesting period; for RSUs with performance criteria, expense is recognized over the period during which the performance criteria is expected to be achieved; for RSUs with market conditions expense is recognized over the period in which the condition is assessed irrespective of whether it would be achieved or not. Unrecognized compensation cost related to awards with certain performance criteria that are not expected to be achieved is not included here. Total compensation expense related to performance-based, service-based, and market-based RSUs was $69.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, which included $48.4 million for RSUs with time-based service conditions that were granted in 2019 and prior that are expected to vest.

Stock Grant Awards

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company granted 0.1 million shares of stock under stock grant awards to certain directors of the Company with immediate vesting at a weighted-average grant date fair value of $18.08 per share. Total compensation expense related to stock grant awards for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $1.8 million.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

On February 17, 2000, the Company adopted the ESPP. Subject to local legal requirements, each of the Company's eligible employees may elect to contribute up to 10% of eligible payroll applied towards the purchase of shares of the Company's common stock at a price equal to 85% of the fair market value of such shares as determined under the plan. Employees are limited to annual purchases of $25,000 under this plan. In addition, during each quarterly offering period, employees may not purchase stock exceeding the lesser of: (i) 500 shares; or (ii) the number of shares equal to $6,250 divided by the fair market value of the stock on the first day of the offering period. During the year ended December 31, 2019, employees purchased approximately 1.7 million shares under the ESPP. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, employees purchased approximately 1.5 million and 1.9 million shares, respectively, under the ESPP. On May 17, 2017 stockholders approved an amendment to the Company’s ESPP which increased the number of shares reserved and available to be issued pursuant to the ESPP to a total of 28.5 million. As of December 31, 2019, there were approximately 4.8 million shares available for issuance under the ESPP. Total compensation expense related to the ESPP for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $7.8 million.