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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
Our interim effective tax rates reflect the estimated annual effective tax rates for 2020 and 2019, adjusted for tax expense associated with certain discrete items. The effective tax rates for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were 27.3% and 283.3%, respectively. The effective tax rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were 42.0% and 18.8%, respectively. These effective tax rates differ from the federal statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to increased amortization of excess deferred federal income tax liabilities, as specified in the TCJA, tax credits, state income taxes and other permanent book-to-tax differences. These adjustments have a relative impact on the effective tax rate proportionally to pretax income or loss.
The decrease in the three month effective tax rate of 256.0% in 2020 compared to 2019 is primarily attributable to the relative impact of permanent differences on lower pre-tax loss in 2019, offset by increased amortization of excess deferred federal income tax liabilities, as specified in the TCJA, in 2020.
The increase in the nine month effective tax rate of 23.2% in 2020 compared to 2019 is primarily attributed to increased amortization of excess deferred federal income tax liabilities and lower state income taxes, offset by the non-deductible payment in lieu of penalties (see Note 6, "Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale," for additional information on the payment in lieu of penalties).
There were no material changes recorded in 2020 to our uncertain tax positions recorded as of December 31, 2019.
CARES Act Tax Matters. The CARES Act was enacted on March 27, 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act contains numerous income tax provisions, such as relaxing limitations on the deductibility of interest and the use of net operating losses arising in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. Under the provisions of the CARES Act, we have deferred payroll tax payments of approximately $21.7 million through September 30, 2020. We continue to monitor additional guidance to clarify provisions in the CARES Act (as well as under the TCJA) to determine if such guidance could ultimately increase or lessen their impact on our business and financial condition. There are no material income tax impacts on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.