A. Guarantees and Indemnities. We and certain of our subsidiaries enter into various agreements providing financial or performance assurance to third parties on behalf of certain subsidiaries as a part of normal business. Such agreements include guarantees and stand-by letters of credit. These agreements are entered into primarily to support or enhance the creditworthiness otherwise attributed to a subsidiary on a stand-alone basis, thereby facilitating the extension of sufficient credit to accomplish the subsidiaries’ intended commercial purposes. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had issued stand-by letters of credit of $10.2 million.

B. Legal Proceedings. On September 13, 2018, a series of fires and explosions occurred in Lawrence, Andover and North Andover, Massachusetts related to the delivery of natural gas by Columbia of Massachusetts (the "Greater Lawrence Incident"). The Greater Lawrence Incident resulted in one fatality and a number of injuries, damaged multiple homes and businesses, and caused the temporary evacuation of significant portions of each municipality. The Massachusetts Governor’s Office declared a state of emergency, authorizing the Massachusetts DPU to order another utility company to coordinate the restoration of utility services in Lawrence, Andover and North Andover. The incident resulted in the interruption of gas for approximately 7,500 gas meters, the majority of which served residences and approximately 700 of which served businesses, and the interruption of other utility service more broadly in the area. Columbia of Massachusetts has replaced the cast iron and bare steel gas pipeline system in the affected area and restored service to nearly all of the gas meters. See “- D. Other Matters - Greater Lawrence Pipeline Replacement” below for more information. On September 1, 2020, the Massachusetts Governor terminated the state of emergency declared following the Greater Lawrence Incident.

We have been subject to inquiries and investigations by government authorities and regulatory agencies regarding the Greater Lawrence Incident, including the Massachusetts DPU and the Massachusetts Attorney General's Office, as described below. On February 26, 2020, the Company and Columbia of Massachusetts entered into agreements with the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Massachusetts to resolve the U.S. Attorney’s Office’s investigation relating to the Greater Lawrence Incident, and on July 2, 2020, the Company and Columbia of Massachusetts entered into an agreement with the Massachusetts Attorney General’s Office (among other parties) to resolve the Massachusetts investigations, as described below.

Massachusetts Investigations. Under Massachusetts law, the Massachusetts DPU is authorized to investigate potential violations of pipeline safety regulations and to assess a civil penalty of up to $218,647 for a violation of federal pipeline safety regulations. A separate violation occurs for each day of violation up to $2.2 million for a related series of violations. The Massachusetts DPU also is authorized to investigate potential violations of the Columbia of Massachusetts emergency response plan and to assess penalties of up to $250,000 per violation per day, or up to $20.0 million per related series of violations. Further, as a result of the declaration of emergency by the Governor, the Massachusetts DPU is authorized to investigate

On October 25, 2019, the Massachusetts DPU issued two orders opening public investigations into Columbia of Massachusetts with respect to the Greater Lawrence Incident. The Massachusetts DPU opened the first investigation under its authority to determine compliance with federal and state pipeline safety laws and regulations, and to investigate Columbia of Massachusetts’ responsibility for and response to the Greater Lawrence Incident and its restoration efforts following the incident. The Massachusetts DPU opened the second investigation under its authority to determine whether a gas distribution company has violated established standards regarding acceptable performance for emergency preparedness and restoration of service to investigate efforts by Columbia of Massachusetts to prepare for and restore service following the Greater Lawrence Incident. These investigations were resolved by the Massachusetts DPU order dated October 7, 2020 approving the Settlement Agreement (defined and further described below).

On July 2, 2020, NiSource, Columbia of Massachusetts, Eversource and Eversource Gas Company of Massachusetts, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Eversource (“EGMA”), filed with the Massachusetts DPU a joint petition for the approval of the purchase and sale of the Massachusetts Business (the “Transaction”) as contemplated by the Asset Purchase Agreement and a proposed multi-year rate plan. The Asset Purchase Agreement provides for various closing conditions, including the receipt of the approval of the Massachusetts DPU and the final resolution or termination of all pending actions, claims and investigations, lawsuits or other legal or administrative proceedings against Columbia of Massachusetts and its affiliates under the jurisdiction of the Massachusetts DPU and all future actions, claims and investigations, lawsuits or other legal or administrative proceedings against NiSource, Columbia of Massachusetts and their affiliates relating to the Greater Lawrence Incident under the jurisdiction of the Massachusetts DPU, each as determined by NiSource in its reasonable discretion (the “DPU Required Resolution”).

The petition included and sought approval of a settlement agreement executed on July 2, 2020 (the “Settlement Agreement”) among, NiSource, Columbia of Massachusetts, Eversource, EGMA, the Massachusetts Attorney General’s Office ("Massachusetts AGO"), the Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources ("DOER"), and the Low-Income Weatherization and Fuel Assistance Program Network (together with NiSource, Columbia of Massachusetts, Eversource, EGMA, the Massachusetts AGO and the DOER, the “Settling Parties”). The Settlement Agreement was conditioned on its approval by the Massachusetts DPU no later than September 30, 2020; however, this deadline was extended to October 7, 2020. The Settlement Agreement was approved by the Massachusetts DPU on October 7, 2020, and the closing of the Transaction occurred on October 9, 2020.

Termination of Massachusetts DPU Regulatory Matters. Under the Settlement Agreement, the Settling Parties agreed that the terms of the Settlement Agreement achieve the DPU Required Resolution under the Asset Purchase Agreement. Further, under the Settlement Agreement, Columbia of Massachusetts took responsibility for the Greater Lawrence Incident and agreed not to contest facts in the record sufficient to support the Massachusetts DPU’s investigations into pipeline safety and emergency response in the two public investigations that the Massachusetts DPU opened pursuant to the October 25, 2019 orders referenced above (DPU 19-140 and 19-141, respectively). If adjudicated, Columbia of Massachusetts could have been subject to the payment of penalties potentially up to the maximum allowed by law.

The Settling Parties also agreed that, upon the closing of the Transaction, (1) all pending actions, claims, investigations, lawsuits and proceedings against NiSource, Columbia of Massachusetts and their affiliates, and all of the respective directors, officers, employees, agents and representatives of NiSource and Columbia of Massachusetts and their affiliates (such entities and individuals, collectively referred to as the “Discharged Persons”), under the Massachusetts DPU’s jurisdiction, shall be

considered settled, resolved, and terminated; and (2) all future actions, claims, investigations, lawsuits and proceedings, whether known or unknown, against the Discharged Persons, in each case, relating to, arising out of, or in connection with the Greater Lawrence Incident (as defined in the Asset Purchase Agreement), under the jurisdiction of the Massachusetts DPU shall be considered settled, resolved, and terminated. This includes the Massachusetts DPU’s investigations into pipeline safety and emergency response in DPU 19-140 and 19-141, respectively, as well as any other regulatory matters that could have been raised by the Massachusetts DPU relating to, arising out of, or in connection with the Greater Lawrence Incident.

The Settling Parties also agreed that, upon the closing of the Transaction, all pending actions, claims, investigations, lawsuits, and proceedings against the Discharged Persons, which are the subject of the Consent Order, shall be settled, resolved, and terminated. The “Consent Order” is a consent order the Massachusetts DPU issued on August 14, 2020 in DPU 19-140, which included Compliance Actions (as defined in the Consent Order) that corresponded to the entirety of cases pending before the Massachusetts DPU as of July 2, 2020. The Settling Parties further agreed, upon the closing of the Transaction, that the Consent Order (and the Massachusetts DPU’s associated Compliance Actions) addresses all outstanding pipeline safety compliance investigations, inquiries, or ongoing matters, regardless of whether subject to notices of probable violations (NOPVs) or related to the Greater Lawrence Incident, existing as of the execution date of the Settlement Agreement.

Termination of Massachusetts AGO Matters. Under the Settlement Agreement, the Settling Parties agreed that, upon the closing of the Transaction, the Settlement Agreement shall constitute receipt from the Massachusetts AGO of an agreement, settlement, compromise, and consent: (1) to terminate with prejudice all pending actions, claims, lawsuits, investigations, or proceedings under the jurisdiction of the Massachusetts AGO against the Discharged Persons relating, arising out of, or in connection with, the Greater Lawrence Incident; and (2) not to commence on its own behalf any new action, claim, lawsuit, investigation or proceeding against any of the Discharged Persons relating, arising out of, or in connection with, the Greater Lawrence Incident.

Payment in Lieu of Penalties. Under the Settlement Agreement, the Settling Parties agreed that, at the closing of the Transaction, NiSource will make a payment in lieu of penalties in full settlement of all of the pending and potential claims, lawsuits, investigations or proceedings settled by and released by the Settlement Agreement in the amount of $56.0 million. This payment was withheld from the proceeds received from Eversource at the closing of the Transaction on October 9, 2020. See Note 6, "Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale," for additional information.

Energy Relief Fund. Under the Settlement Agreement, the Settling Parties agreed that the funds derived from the NiSource payment described above will be used to create an “Energy Relief Fund,” comprised of two components, designated as the “Merrimack Valley Renewal Fund” and the “Arrearage Forgiveness Fund,” in each case as further described in the Settlement Agreement. The Merrimack Valley Renewal Fund is jointly administered by the Massachusetts AGO and DOER. The Arrearage Forgiveness Fund is jointly administered by the Massachusetts AGO and Eversource.

U.S. Department of Justice Investigation. On February 26, 2020, the Company and Columbia of Massachusetts entered into agreements with the U.S. Attorney’s Office to resolve the U.S. Attorney’s Office’s investigation relating to the Greater Lawrence Incident. Columbia of Massachusetts agreed to plead guilty in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts (the “Court”) to violating the Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act (the “Plea Agreement”), and the Company entered into a Deferred Prosecution Agreement (the “DPA”).

On March 9, 2020, Columbia of Massachusetts entered its guilty plea pursuant to the Plea Agreement, which the Court accepted. Subsequently, Columbia of Massachusetts and the U.S. Attorney’s Office modified the Plea Agreement. On June 23, 2020, the Court sentenced Columbia of Massachusetts in accordance with the terms of the modified Plea Agreement. Under the modified Plea Agreement, Columbia of Massachusetts is subject to the following terms, among others: (i) a criminal fine in the amount of $53,030,116, which has been paid; (ii) a three year probationary period that will terminate early upon a sale of Columbia of Massachusetts or a sale of its gas distribution business to a qualified third-party buyer consistent with certain requirements, but in no event before the end of the one-year mandatory period of probation; (iii) compliance with each of the NTSB recommendations stemming from the Greater Lawrence Incident; and (iv) employment of an in-house monitor until the end of the term of probation or until the sale of Columbia of Massachusetts or its gas distribution business, whichever is earlier. On October 13, 2020, the Court, upon agreement of the U.S. Attorney's Office and Columbia Gas of Massachusetts, modified the terms of probation by ending the term of the in-house monitor.

Under the DPA, the U.S. Attorney’s Office agreed to defer prosecution of the Company in connection with the Greater Lawrence Incident for a three-year period (which three-year period may be extended for twelve (12) months upon the U.S. Attorney’s Office’s determination of a breach of the DPA) subject to certain obligations of the Company, including, but not limited to, the following: (i) the Company will use reasonable best efforts to sell Columbia of Massachusetts or Columbia of Massachusetts’ gas distribution business to a qualified third-party buyer consistent with certain requirements, and, upon the completion of any such sale, the Company will cease and desist any and all gas pipeline and distribution activities in the District of Massachusetts; (ii) the Company will forfeit and pay, within 30 days of the later of the sale becoming final or the date on which post-closing adjustments to the purchase price are finally determined in accordance with the agreement to sell Columbia of Massachusetts or its gas distribution business, a fine equal to the total amount of the profit or gain, if any, from any sale of Columbia of Massachusetts or its gas distribution business, with the amount of profit or gain determined as provided in the DPA; and (iii) the Company agrees as to each of the Company’s subsidiaries involved in the distribution of gas through pipeline facilities in Massachusetts, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Kentucky and Virginia to implement and adhere to each of the recommendations from the NTSB stemming from the Greater Lawrence Incident. Pursuant to the DPA, if the Company complies with all of its obligations under the DPA, including, but not limited to those identified above, the U.S. Attorney’s Office will not file any criminal charges against the Company related to the Greater Lawrence Incident. If Columbia of Massachusetts withdraws its plea for any reason, if the Court rejects any aspect of the Plea Agreement, or if Columbia of Massachusetts should fail to perform an obligation under the Plea Agreement prior to the sale of Columbia of Massachusetts or its gas distribution business, the U.S. Attorney's Office may, at its sole option, render the DPA null and void. The sale of the Massachusetts Business was completed on October 9, 2020. The Company is not required to forfeit or pay any funds within 30 days of the sale of the Massachusetts Business because the Company did not realize a profit or gain from the sale as provided in the DPA.

U.S. Congressional Activity. On September 30, 2019, the U.S. Protecting Our Infrastructure of Pipelines and Enhancing Safety (PIPES) Act authorizing PHMSA expired. There is no effect on PHMSA's authority. Action on past re-authorization bills has extended past the expiration date and action on this re-authorization is expected to continue into 2021. Pipeline safety jurisdiction resides with the U.S. Senate Commerce Committee and is divided between two committees in the U.S. House of Representatives (Energy and Commerce, and Transportation and Infrastructure). The Senate passed its bill on August 7, 2020. The House of Representatives has yet to reconcile its legislation and act. Certain legislative proposals, if enacted into law, may increase costs for natural gas industry companies, including the Company.

Private Actions. Various lawsuits, including several purported class action lawsuits, have been filed by various affected residents or businesses in Massachusetts state courts against the Company and/or Columbia of Massachusetts in connection with the Greater Lawrence Incident. A special judge has been appointed to hear all pending and future cases and the class actions have been consolidated into one class action. On January 14, 2019, the special judge granted the parties’ joint motion to stay all cases until April 30, 2019 to allow mediation, and the parties subsequently agreed to extend the stay until July 25, 2019. The class action lawsuits allege varying causes of action, including those for strict liability for ultra-hazardous activity, negligence, private nuisance, public nuisance, premises liability, trespass, breach of warranty, breach of contract, failure to warn, unjust enrichment, consumer protection act claims, negligent, reckless and intentional infliction of emotional distress and gross negligence, and seek actual compensatory damages, plus treble damages, and punitive damages.

On July 26, 2019, the Company, Columbia of Massachusetts and NiSource Corporate Services Company, a subsidiary of the Company, entered into a term sheet with the class action plaintiffs under which they agreed to settle the class action claims in connection with the Greater Lawrence Incident. Columbia of Massachusetts agreed to pay $143 million into a settlement fund to compensate the settlement class and the settlement class agreed to release Columbia of Massachusetts and affiliates from all claims arising out of or related to the Greater Lawrence Incident. The following claims are not covered under the proposed settlement because they are not part of the consolidated class action: (1) physical bodily injury and wrongful death; (2) insurance subrogation, whether equitable, contractual or otherwise; and (3) claims arising out of appliances that are subject to the Massachusetts DPU orders. Emotional distress and similar claims are covered under the proposed settlement unless they are secondary to a physical bodily injury. The settlement class is defined under the term sheet as all persons and businesses in the three municipalities of Lawrence, Andover and North Andover, Massachusetts, subject to certain limited exceptions. The motion for preliminary approval and the settlement documents were filed on September 25, 2019. The preliminary approval court hearing was held on October 7, 2019 and the court issued an order granting preliminary approval of the settlement on October 11, 2019. The Court granted final approval of the settlement on March 12, 2020.

Shareholder Derivative Lawsuit. On April 28, 2020, a shareholder derivative lawsuit was filed by the City of Detroit Police and Fire Retirement System in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware against certain of the Company’s current and former directors, alleging breaches of fiduciary duty with respect to the pipeline safety management systems relating to the distribution of natural gas prior to the Greater Lawrence Incident and also including claims related to the Company’s proxy statement disclosures regarding its safety systems. The remedies sought include damages for the alleged breaches of fiduciary duty, corporate governance reforms, and restitution of any unjust enrichment. The defendants have filed a motion to dismiss the lawsuit. The motion to dismiss is fully briefed. Because of the preliminary nature of this lawsuit, the Company is not able to estimate a loss or range of loss, if any, that may be incurred in connection with this matter at this time.

Financial Impact. Since the Greater Lawrence Incident, we have recorded expenses of approximately $1,036 million for third-party claims and fines, penalties and settlements associated with government investigations. We estimate that total costs related to third-party claims and fines, penalties and settlements associated with government investigations resulting from the incident will range from $1,036 million to $1,050 million, depending on the number, nature, final outcome and value of third-party claims. With regard to third-party claims, these costs include, but are not limited to, personal injury and property damage claims, damage to infrastructure, business interruption claims, and mutual aid payments to other utilities assisting with the restoration effort. These costs do not include costs of certain third-party claims and fines, penalties or settlements associated with government investigations that we are not able to estimate. These costs also do not include non-claims related and government investigation-related legal expenses resulting from the incident, the capital cost of the pipeline replacement and the payment in lieu of penalties, which are set forth in " - D. Other Matters - Greater Lawrence Incident Restoration," "- Greater Lawrence Incident Pipeline Replacement," and Note 6, "Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale," respectively.

The aggregate amount of third-party liability insurance coverage available for losses arising from the Greater Lawrence Incident is $800 million. We have collected the entire $800 million. Total expenses related to the incident have exceeded the total amount of insurance coverage available under our policies. Refer to "- D. Other Matters - Greater Lawrence Incident Restoration," below for a summary of third-party claims-related expense activity and associated insurance recoveries recorded since the Greater Lawrence Incident.

Due to the inherent uncertainty of litigation, there can be no assurance that the outcome or resolution of any particular claim, proceeding or investigation related to the Greater Lawrence Incident or otherwise would not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position or liquidity. Certain matters in connection with the Greater Lawrence Incident have had or may have a material impact as described above. If one or more of such additional or other matters were decided against us, the effects could be material to our results of operations in the period in which we would be required to record or adjust the related liability and could also be material to our cash flows in the periods that we would be required to pay such liability.

noncurrent liabilities." We recognize costs associated with environmental remediation obligations when the incurrence of such costs is probable and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. The original estimates for remediation activities may differ materially from the amount ultimately expended. The actual future expenditures depend on many factors, including currently enacted laws and regulations, the nature and extent of impact and the method of remediation. These expenditures are not currently estimable at some sites. We periodically adjust our liability as information is collected and estimates become more refined.

ACE Rule. On July 8, 2019, the EPA published the final ACE rule, which establishes emission guidelines for states to use when developing plans to limit carbon dioxide at coal-fired electric generating units based on heat rate improvement measures. The coal-fired units at NIPSCO’s R.M. Schahfer Generating Station and Michigan City Generating Station are potentially affected sources, and compliance requirements for these units, which NIPSCO plans to retire by the end of 2023 and 2028, respectively, will be determined by future Indiana rulemaking. The ACE rule notes that states have “broad flexibility in setting standards of performance for designated facilities” and that a state may set a “business as usual” standard for sources that have a remaining useful life “so short that imposing any costs on the electric generating unit is unreasonable.” State plans are due by 2022, and the EPA will have six months to determine completeness and then one additional year to determine whether to approve the submitted plan. States have the discretion to determine the compliance period for each source. As a result, NIPSCO will continue to monitor this matter and cannot estimate its impact at this time.

CERCLA. Our subsidiaries are potentially responsible parties at waste disposal sites under the CERCLA (commonly known as Superfund) and similar state laws. Under CERCLA, each potentially responsible party can be held jointly, severally and strictly liable for the remediation costs as the EPA, or state, can allow the parties to pay for remedial action or perform remedial action themselves and request reimbursement from the potentially responsible parties. Our affiliates have retained CERCLA environmental liabilities, including remediation liabilities, associated with certain current and former operations. These liabilities are not material to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

MGP. A program has been instituted to identify and investigate former MGP sites where Gas Distribution Operations subsidiaries or predecessors may have liability. The program has identified 63 such sites where liability is probable as of September 30, 2020. After the sale of the Massachusetts Business, the retained number of identified sites is 54. Remedial actions at many of these sites are being overseen by state or federal environmental agencies through consent agreements or voluntary remediation agreements.

We utilize a probabilistic model to estimate our future remediation costs related to MGP sites. The model was prepared with the assistance of a third party and incorporates our experience and general industry experience with remediating MGP sites. We complete an annual refresh of the model in the second quarter of each fiscal year. No material changes to the estimated future remediation costs were noted as a result of the refresh completed as of June 30, 2020. Our total estimated liability related to the facilities subject to remediation was $88.3 million and $102.2 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The liability represents our best estimate of the probable cost to remediate the facilities. We believe that it is reasonably possible that remediation costs could vary by as much as $20 million in addition to the costs noted above. Remediation costs are estimated based on the best available information, applicable remediation standards at the balance sheet date and experience with similar facilities.

To comply with the rule, NIPSCO completed capital expenditures to modify its infrastructure and manage CCRs during 2019. The CCR rule also resulted in revisions to previously recorded legal obligations associated with the retirement of certain NIPSCO facilities. The actual asset retirement costs related to the CCR rule may vary substantially from the estimates used to record the increased asset retirement obligation due to the uncertainty about the requirements that will be established by environmental authorities, compliance strategies that will be used, and the preliminary nature of available data used to estimate costs. As allowed by the rule, NIPSCO will continue to collect data over time to determine the specific compliance solutions and associated costs and, as a result, the actual costs may vary. NIPSCO has filed initial CCR closure plans for R.M. Schahfer Generating Station and Michigan City Generating Station with the Indiana Department of Environmental Management.

ELG. On November 3, 2015, the EPA issued a final rule to amend the ELG and standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating category. Based upon a study performed in 2016 of the final rule, capital compliance costs were expected to be approximately $170 million. On October 13, 2020, the EPA published a final rule that revises the ELG for certain water streams and considers coal unit retirement dates. NIPSCO does not anticipate material ELG compliance costs based on the preferred option announced as part of NIPSCO's 2018 Integrated Resource Plan (discussed below).

The Integrated Resource Plan evaluated demand-side and supply-side resource alternatives to reliably and cost effectively meet NIPSCO customers' future energy requirements over the ensuing 20 years. The preferred option within the Integrated Resource Plan retires the R.M. Schahfer Generating Station by the end of 2023 and the Michigan City Generating Station by the end of 2028. These stations represent 2,080 MW of generating capacity, equal to 72% of NIPSCO’s remaining generating capacity and 100% of NIPSCO's remaining coal-fired generating capacity.

In the second quarter of 2020, the MISO approved NIPSCO's plan to retire the R.M. Schahfer Generating Station in 2023. In accordance with ASC 980-360, the net book value of certain plant and equipment for the R.M. Schahfer Generating Station was reclassified from "Net utility plant" to "Other property, at cost, less accumulated depreciation" on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited). The December 2019 NIPSCO electric rate case order included approval to create a regulatory asset upon the retirement of the R.M. Schahfer Generating Station. The order allows for the recovery of and on the net book value of the station by the end of 2032. Refer to Note 7, "Property, Plant and Equipment" for further information.

In connection with the MISO's approval of NIPSCO's planned retirement of the R.M. Schahfer Generating Station, we recorded $4.6 million of plant retirement-related charges in the second quarter of 2020. These charges were comprised of write downs of certain capital projects that have been cancelled and materials and supplies inventory balances deemed obsolete due to the planned retirement. These charges are presented within "Operation and maintenance" on the Condensed Statements of Consolidated Income (Loss). As more information becomes available, the retirement date of the R.M. Schahfer Generating Station will be finalized, and additional plant retirement-related charges may be incurred.

In January 2019, NIPSCO executed a 20 year PPA, referred to as the Jordan Creek PPA, to purchase 100% of the output from renewable generation facilities at a fixed price per MWh. The facility supplying the energy will have a nameplate wind capacity of approximately 400 MW. NIPSCO submitted the Jordan Creek PPA to the IURC for approval in February 2019 and the IURC approved the Jordan Creek PPA on June 5, 2019. Payments under the Jordan Creek PPA will not begin until the associated generation facility is constructed by the owner / seller, which is currently scheduled to be complete by the end of 2020. While NIPSCO is monitoring any possible impact the COVID-19 pandemic may have on the expected completion date of this project, we do not expect delays.

joint venture whose members include NIPSCO, the developer and an unrelated tax equity partner. NIPSCO and the tax equity partner are obligated to make cash contributions to the partnership at the date construction is substantially complete. The aforementioned joint venture is expected to be fully owned by NIPSCO after the wind PTCs are monetized from the project. NIPSCO's purchase requirement under the Rosewater BTA is dependent on satisfactory approval of the Rosewater BTA by the IURC, successful execution of an agreement with a tax equity partner and timely completion of construction. NIPSCO submitted the Rosewater BTA to the IURC for approval in February 2019, and the IURC approved the Rosewater BTA on August 7, 2019. The required FERC approvals for the project were received in December 2019. NIPSCO executed an equity capital contribution agreement with a tax equity partner in July 2020. Construction of the facility is scheduled to be completed by the end of 2020; however, this project could experience a construction delay due to the COVID-19 pandemic. While NIPSCO is continuing to monitor the impact the COVID-19 pandemic may have on the expected completion date of this project, we do not expect delays.

On October 1, 2019, NIPSCO announced the opening of its next round of RFP to consider potential resources to meet the future electric needs of its customers. The RFP closed on November 20, 2019, and NIPSCO continues to evaluate the results. NIPSCO is considering all sources in the RFP process and is expecting to obtain adequate resources to facilitate the retirement of the R.M. Schahfer Generation Station by the end of 2023. The planned replacement by the end of 2023 of approximately 1,400 MW from this coal-fired generation station could provide incremental capital investment opportunities for 2022 and 2023. Currently, half of the capacity in the replacement plan is targeted to be owned by joint ventures that will include NIPSCO and unrelated financial investors as the members. The remaining new capacity is expected to be primarily in the form of PPAs. NIPSCO has initiated the appropriate regulatory compliance filings related to the new capacity, starting with two solar PPAs filed with the IURC in July 2020. We expect to continue finalizing agreements with counterparties and initiating regulatory compliance filings into 2021.

In October 2019, NIPSCO executed a BTA, referred to as the Indiana Crossroads BTA, with a developer to construct an additional renewable generation facility with a nameplate wind capacity of approximately 300 MW. Ownership of the facility will be transferred to a joint venture whose members include NIPSCO, the developer and an unrelated tax equity partner. NIPSCO and the tax equity partner are obligated to make cash contributions to the partnership at the date construction is substantially complete. The aforementioned joint venture is expected to be fully owned by NIPSCO after the wind PTCs are monetized from the project. NIPSCO's purchase requirement under the Indiana Crossroads BTA is dependent on satisfactory approval of the Indiana Crossroads BTA by the IURC, successful execution of an agreement with a tax equity partner, and timely completion of construction. NIPSCO submitted the Indiana Crossroads BTA to the IURC for approval on October 22, 2019, and the IURC approved the Indiana Crossroads BTA on February 19, 2020. Required FERC filings are expected to be filed in the fourth quarter of 2020. Construction of the facility is expected to be completed by the end of 2021.

In June 2020, NIPSCO executed three additional 20 year PPAs to purchase 100% of the output from renewable generation facilities at a fixed price per MWh. The facilities supplying the energy will have a combined nameplate solar capacity of approximately 500 MW and 30 MW storage capacity. NIPSCO's purchase requirement under the PPAs is dependent on satisfactory approval of the PPAs by the IURC. NIPSCO submitted two of the PPAs to the IURC for approval in July 2020. An IURC order is anticipated by the end of the fourth quarter of 2020. NIPSCO plans to submit the third PPA to the IURC for approval in the fourth quarter of 2020. If approved by the IURC, payments under the PPAs will not begin until the associated generation facilities are constructed by the owner / seller, which is expected to be complete by the second quarter of 2023.

In October 2020, NIPSCO executed three solar BTAs with a developer to construct additional renewable generation facilities with a nameplate solar capacity of approximately 900 MW and 135 MW of storage capacity. Ownership of the facilities will be transferred to joint ventures whose members include NIPSCO and an unrelated tax equity partner. NIPSCO and the tax equity partner are obligated to make cash contributions to the partnerships at the date construction is substantially complete. The aforementioned joint ventures are expected to be fully owned by NIPSCO after the solar ITCs are monetized from the project. NIPSCO's purchase requirement under the BTAs is dependent on satisfactory approval of the BTAs by the IURC, successful execution of an agreement with a tax equity partner, and timely completion of construction. NIPSCO plans to submit the BTAs to the IURC for approval in the fourth quarter of 2020. Construction of the facility with a nameplate capacity of 265 MW is expected to be completed by the end of 2022. Construction of the facilities with a nameplate capacity of 635 MW and 135 of storage capacity are expected to be completed by the end of 2023.

security. Implementing regulations from the U.S. Secretary of Energy are still pending. The EO also requires the U.S. Secretary of Energy to review the risk of existing bulk-power system equipment sourced from foreign adversaries and to establish a task force to review and recommend federal procurement policies and procedures consistent with the considerations identified in the EO. On July 8, 2020, the U.S. Department of Energy issued a Request for Information (“RFI”), seeking input from industry stakeholders to “understand the energy industry’s current practices to identify and mitigate vulnerabilities in the supply chain” for components of bulk-power system equipment. The RFI identifies the following governments as “foreign adversaries”: China, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Russia and Venezuela. The RFI notes that the U.S. Secretary of Energy retains authority to amend this list at any time and such countries have been identified only for the purposes of the EO. In the future, certain bulk-power system equipment owned or operated by NiSource could possibly be considered to be sourced from a foreign adversary within the meaning of the EO.

Greater Lawrence Incident Restoration. In addition to the amounts estimated for third-party claims and fines, penalties and settlements associated with government investigations described above, since the Greater Lawrence Incident, we have recorded expenses of approximately $441 million for other incident-related costs. We estimate that total other incident-related costs will range from $445 million and $455 million, depending on the incurrence of costs associated with resolving outstanding third-party claims discussed above in " - B. Legal Proceedings." Such costs include certain consulting costs, legal costs, vendor costs, claims center costs, labor and related expenses incurred in connection with the incident, and insurance-related loss surcharges. The amounts set forth above do not include the capital cost of the pipeline replacement, which is set forth below.

Greater Lawrence Pipeline Replacement. In connection with the Greater Lawrence Incident, Columbia of Massachusetts, in cooperation with the Massachusetts Governor’s office, replaced the entire affected 45-mile cast iron and bare steel pipeline system that delivers gas to approximately 7,500 gas meters, the majority of which serve residences and approximately 700 of which serve businesses impacted in the Greater Lawrence Incident. This system was replaced with plastic distribution mains and service lines, as well as enhanced safety features such as pressure regulation and excess flow valves at each premise.

We have invested approximately $258 million of capital spend for the pipeline replacement; this work was completed in 2019. We maintain property insurance for gas pipelines and other applicable property. Columbia of Massachusetts has filed a proof of loss with its property insurer for the pipeline replacement. In January 2020, we filed a lawsuit against the property insurer, seeking payment of our property claim. We are currently unable to predict the timing or amount of any insurance recovery under the property policy. This pipeline replacement cost is part of the Massachusetts Business that was classified as held for sale at September 30, 2020. The assets and liabilities of the Massachusetts Business have been recorded at fair value, less costs to sell, which has resulted in a loss being recorded as of September 30, 2020. The sale of the Massachusetts Business was completed on October 9, 2020. See Note 6, "Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale," for additional information.

Voluntary Separation Program. On August 5, 2020, we commenced a voluntary separation program for certain employees. Expense for the voluntary separation program will be recognized in the period when the employee accepts the offer, absent a retention period. For employees that have a retention period, expense will be recognized over the remaining service period. Employee acceptance under the voluntary separation program is determined by management based on facts and circumstances of the benefits being offered. The total severance expense for employees who were accepted under the voluntary separation program offered in August 2020 is approximately $38 million, which will be recognized over the remaining service period of the applicable employees. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recognized $23.4 million in severance expense related to the program, all of which was outstanding at September 30, 2020. This activity is presented within "Operation and maintenance" in our Condensed Statements of Consolidated Income (Loss) (unaudited) and within "Accrued compensation and employee benefits" in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited).